Stomatognathic System Abnormalities
Abnormalities, Multiple
Respiratory System
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Lung Compliance
Respiratory Mechanics
Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
Serotonin 1A receptor agonists reverse respiratory abnormalities in spinal cord-injured rats. (1/26)
Contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) at T8 produces respiratory abnormalities in conscious rats breathing room air and challenged with CO2. In seeking ways to improve respiration after SCI, we tested drugs that stimulate serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, based on our previous findings that these agents can counteract respiratory depression produced by morphine overdose. Respiratory function was measured with a head-out plethysmograph system in conscious rats. T8 SCI rats (n = 5) showed decreased tidal volume (Vt; 0.90 +/- 0.02-0.66 +/- 0.03 ml; p < 0.05) and increased respiratory rate (f;91 +/- 3.7-132 +/- 5.7 breaths/min; p < 0.05) with room air ventilation at 24 hr after injury. They also exhibited a diminished response to the respiratory stimulating effect of 7% CO2; minute ventilation increased to 250 +/- 17 ml/min before, but only to 162 +/- 15 ml/min at 24 hr after SCI (p < 0.05). Respiratory deficits during room air ventilation were also observed at 7 d after injury (n = 3). Treatment with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylmino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 250 microg/kg, i.p.) at 24 hr (n = 5) or 7 d (n = 3) after injury normalized Vt, f, and the respiratory response to 7% CO2. Identical results were obtained with another 5-HT1A receptor agonist, buspirone (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 3). In contrast, intraperitoneal saline vehicle administration (n = 5) showed no beneficial effects on SCI-impaired respiration. Finally, pretreatment with a specific antagonist of 5-HT1A receptors, 4-iodo-N-[2-[4-(methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinyl-benzamide (3 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 3) given 20 min before 8-OH-DPAT, prevented 8-OH-DPAT from restoring respiration to normal. Our results demonstrate that drugs that stimulate 5-HT1A receptors counteract respiratory abnormalities in conscious rats after SCI. (+info)Association between pulmonary hypoplasia and hypoplasia of arcuate nucleus in stillbirth. (2/26)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate lung development and to correlate pulmonary hypoplasia with hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus in stillbirths. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 26 stillbirths which occurred after 25 complete gestational weeks. The brainstem and the lung were the particular focus of this study. The brainstem was examined according to the protocol routinely followed in our Institute. As regards the lung examination, the development stage was evaluated on the basis of the correlation between lung and body weight (LW/BW), and according to microscopic parameters, that is, the presence of cartilaginous bronchi up to the distal level and the radial alveolar count (RAC). The normal reference values for the last 3 months of gestation correspond to >0.022 for LW/BW and from 2.2 to 4.4 for RAC. RESULTS: In 17 cases (65%) pulmonary hypoplasia was observed, characterized by a LW/BW value below 0.022 and RAC below 2.2. In nine cases (35%), microscopic examination of brainstem serial sections showed varying degrees of hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus (ARCn). In eight cases (31%) the pulmonary hypoplasia was associated with hypoplasia/agenesis of the ARCn. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that in about a third of stillbirths there is a congenital hypodevelopment of both lung and arcuate nucleus. In these cases the ARCn hypoplasia would exert a negative effect on respiratory movements in utero and therefore on lung development. When the pulmonary hypoplasia is not accompanied by hypodevelopment of this nucleus the explanation could be a failure to block the inhibitory action of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus. (+info)Bronchial atresia associated with spontaneous pneumothorax: report of a case. (3/26)
A 32-yr-old male patient with recurrent pneumothorax associated with bronchial atresia of the subsegmental branch of the posterior segmental bronchus of the right upper lobe was successfully treated with right upper lobectomy. Before surgery, the bronchial atresia with pneumothorax was suspected on the chest radiograph and CT scans, which showed the findings of bronchocele with localized hyperinflation of the right upper lobe. The examination of surgical specimen from the resected right upper lobe suggests that the cause of the recurrent pneumothorax was the rupture of the subpleural bullae in the hyperinflated lung segment distal to the atretic bronchus. (+info)Pulmonary abnormalities due to ABCA1 deficiency in mice. (4/26)
Mice gene targeted for ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1; Abca1(-/-)) have been shown to have low-serum high-density lipoprotein and abnormal lung morphology. We examined alterations in the structure and function of lungs from -/- mice (DBA1/J). Electron microscopy of the diseased mouse lung revealed areas of focal disease confirming previous results (47). Lipid analysis of the lung tissue of -/- mice showed a 1.2- and 1.4-fold elevation in total phospholipid (PL) and saturated phosphatidylcholine, respectively, and a marked 50% enrichment in total cholesterol content predominantly due to a 17.5-fold increase in cholesteryl ester compared with wild type (WT). Lung surfactant in the -/- mice was characterized by alveolar proteinosis (161%), a slight increase in total PL (124%), and a marked increase in free cholesterol (155%) compared with WT. Alveolar macrophages were enriched in cholesterol (4.8-fold) due to elevations in free cholesterol (2.4-fold) and in cholesteryl ester (14.8-fold) compared with WT macrophages. More PL mass was cleared from the alveolar space of -/- mice lungs, measured using intratracheal installation of (3)H-PL liposomes. Compared with WT mice, the Abca1(-/-) mice demonstrated respiratory distress with rapid, shallow breathing. Thus the lungs of mice lacking ABCA1 protein demonstrated abnormal morphology and physiology, with alveolar proteinosis and cholesterol enrichment of tissue, surfactant, and macrophages. The results indicate that the activity of ABCA1 is important for the maintenance of normal lung lipid composition, structure, and function. (+info)Congenital diaphragmatic hernia prevents absorption of distal air space fluid in late-gestation rat fetuses. (5/26)
We hypothesized that congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may decrease distal air space fluid absorption due to immaturity of alveolar epithelial cells from a loss of the normal epithelial Na+ transport, as assessed by amiloride and epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and Na-K-ATPase expression, as well as failure to respond to endogenous epinephrine as assessed by propranolol. Timed-pregnant dams were gavage fed 100 mg of nitrofen at 9.5-day gestation to induce CDH in the fetuses, and distal air space fluid absorption experiments were carried out on 22-day gestation (term) fetuses. Controls were nitrofen-exposed fetuses without CDH. Absorption of distal air space fluid was measured from the increase in 131I-albumin concentration in an isosmolar, physiological solution instilled into the developing lungs. In controls, distal air space fluid absorption was rapid and mediated by beta-adrenoceptors as demonstrated by reversal to fluid secretion after propranolol. Normal lung fluid absorption was also partially inhibited by amiloride. In contrast, CDH fetuses continued to show lung fluid secretion, and this secretion was not affected by either propranolol or amiloride. CDH lungs showed a 67% reduction in alpha-ENaC and beta-ENaC expression, but no change in alpha1-Na-K-ATPase expression. These studies demonstrate: 1) CDH delays lung maturation with impaired distal air space fluid absorption secondary to inadequate Na+ uptake by the distal lung epithelium that results in fluid-filled lungs at birth with reduced capacity to establish postnatal breathing, and 2) the main stimulus to lung fluid absorption in near-term control fetuses, elevated endogenous epinephrine levels, is not functional in CDH fetuses. (+info)Mecp2 deficiency disrupts norepinephrine and respiratory systems in mice. (6/26)
Rett syndrome is a severe X-linked neurological disorder in which most patients have mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene and suffer from bioaminergic deficiencies and life-threatening breathing disturbances. We used in vivo plethysmography, in vitro electrophysiology, neuropharmacology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry to characterize the consequences of the MECP2 mutation on breathing in wild-type (wt) and Mecp2-deficient (Mecp2-/y) mice. At birth, Mecp2-/y mice showed normal breathing and a normal number of medullary neurons that express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH neurons). At approximately 1 month of age, most Mecp2-/y mice showed respiratory cycles of variable duration; meanwhile, their medulla contained a significantly reduced number of TH neurons and norepinephrine (NE) content, even in Mecp2-/y mice that showed a normal breathing pattern. Between 1 and 2 months of age, all unanesthetized Mecp2-/y mice showed breathing disturbances that worsened until fatal respiratory arrest at approximately 2 months of age. During their last week of life, Mecp2-/y mice had a slow and erratic breathing pattern with a highly variable cycle period and frequent apneas. In addition, their medulla had a drastically reduced number of TH neurons, NE content, and serotonin (5-HT) content. In vitro experiments using transverse brainstem slices of mice between 2 and 3 weeks of age revealed that the rhythm produced by the isolated respiratory network was irregular in Mecp2-/y mice but could be stabilized with exogenous NE. We hypothesize that breathing disturbances in Mecp2-/y mice, and probably Rett patients, originate in part from a deficiency in noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation of the medullary respiratory network. (+info)Peristalsis of airway smooth muscle is developmentally regulated and uncoupled from hypoplastic lung growth. (7/26)
Prenatal airway smooth muscle (ASM) peristalsis appears coupled to lung growth. Moreover, ASM progenitors produce fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) for lung morphogenesis. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with lung hypoplasia, FGF-10 deficiency, and postnatal ASM dysfunction. We hypothesized ASM dysfunction emerges in tandem with, and may contribute toward, the primordial lung hypoplasia that precedes experimental CDH. Spatial origin and frequency of ASM peristaltic waves were measured in normal and hypoplastic rat lungs cultured from day 13.5 of gestation (lung hypoplasia was generated by nitrofen dosing of pregnant dams). Longitudinal lung growth was assayed by bud counts and tracing photomicrographs of cultures. Coupling of lung growth and peristalsis was tested by stimulation studies using serum, FGF-10, or nicotine and inhibition studies with nifedipine or U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor). In normal lung, ASM peristalsis is developmentally regulated: proximal ASM becomes quiescent (while retaining capacity for cholinergic-stimulated peristalsis). However, in hypoplastic lung, spontaneous proximal ASM activity persists. FGF-10 corrects this aberrant ASM activity in tandem with improved growth. Stimulation and inhibition studies showed that, unlike normal lung, changes in growth or peristalsis are not consistently accompanied by parallel modulation of the other. ASM peristalsis undergoes FGF-10-regulated spatiotemporal development coupled to lung growth: this process is disrupted early in lung hypoplasia. ASM dysfunction emerges in tandem with and may therefore contribute toward lung hypoplasia in CDH. (+info)Adult outcome of congenital lower respiratory tract malformations. (8/26)
In this article, the most important lower respiratory tract malformations are briefly reviewed, with special focus on those factors that may have some impact on the long-term respiratory outcome of specific lesions, like the amount of lung tissue resected, compensatory lung growth, lung hypoplasia, intensive care and mechanical ventilation. (+info)Respiratory system abnormalities refer to any conditions or structures that do not function properly or are outside the normal range in the respiratory system. The respiratory system is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of breathing. It includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and muscles and nerves that support breathing.
Respiratory system abnormalities can be congenital or acquired. Congenital abnormalities are present at birth and may include conditions such as cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypoplasia, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Acquired abnormalities can develop at any time throughout a person's life due to various factors such as infections, injuries, environmental exposures, or aging. Examples of acquired respiratory system abnormalities include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, and sleep apnea.
Respiratory system abnormalities can cause a range of symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Treatment for respiratory system abnormalities depends on the specific condition and severity and may include medications, breathing treatments, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
The stomatognathic system is a term that refers to the coordinated functioning of the mouth, jaw, and related structures. It includes the teeth, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), muscles of mastication (chewing), nerves, blood vessels, and ligaments.
Stomatognathic system abnormalities refer to conditions or disorders that affect the normal function and health of this complex system. These abnormalities can result from various factors such as trauma, developmental anomalies, degenerative changes, infections, tumors, or neurological disorders.
Examples of stomatognathic system abnormalities include:
1. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD): These are a group of conditions that affect the TMJ and the muscles used for chewing. Symptoms may include pain, stiffness, clicking or popping sounds in the jaw, limited mouth opening, and headaches.
2. Malocclusion: This refers to improper alignment of the teeth or jaws, which can result in difficulty biting, chewing, or speaking.
3. Oral cancer: Abnormal growths or lesions in the mouth that can be benign or malignant.
4. Bruxism: Involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth, often during sleep, which can lead to tooth wear, jaw pain, and headaches.
5. Orofacial pain: Pain in the face, mouth, or jaw that may be caused by various factors such as nerve damage, muscle tension, or dental problems.
6. Salivary gland disorders: Abnormalities in the salivary glands can result in decreased saliva production (xerostomia) or excessive saliva production (sialorrhea).
7. Sleep-related breathing disorders: Conditions such as sleep apnea that affect breathing during sleep and can cause snoring, pauses in breathing, and daytime fatigue.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of stomatognathic system abnormalities require a multidisciplinary approach involving dental professionals, oral surgeons, orthodontists, physical therapists, and other healthcare providers as needed.
The digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food. Abnormalities in the digestive system can refer to a wide range of conditions that affect any part of the system, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to various factors such as infection, inflammation, injury, or disease.
Some examples of digestive system abnormalities include:
1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A condition where the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
2. Peptic Ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticulosis: The presence of small pouches or sacs that form on the lining of the intestine, which can become inflamed or infected (diverticulitis).
7. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
8. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections or toxins.
9. Cirrhosis: A chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of liver function, often due to long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis.
10. Gallstones: Small, hard deposits that form in the gallbladder and can cause pain and inflammation.
These are just a few examples of gastrointestinal disorders, and there are many others. If you are experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, or difficulty swallowing, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider to determine the cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.
Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.
Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.
The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.
The Respiratory System is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to facilitate the process of breathing, which involves the intake of oxygen and the elimination of carbon dioxide. This system primarily includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and diaphragm.
The nostrils or mouth take in air that travels through the pharynx, larynx, and trachea into the lungs. Within the lungs, the trachea divides into two bronchi, one for each lung, which further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of these bronchioles are tiny air sacs known as alveoli where the exchange of gases occurs. Oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses through the walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, moves from the blood to the alveoli and is exhaled out of the body.
The diaphragm, a large muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen, plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity, thereby allowing air to flow in and out of the lungs. Overall, the Respiratory System is essential for maintaining life by providing the body's cells with the oxygen needed for metabolism and removing waste products like carbon dioxide.
Medical Definition:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.
Lung compliance is a measure of the ease with which the lungs expand and is defined as the change in lung volume for a given change in transpulmonary pressure. It is often expressed in units of liters per centimeter of water (L/cm H2O). A higher compliance indicates that the lungs are more easily distensible, while a lower compliance suggests that the lungs are stiffer and require more force to expand. Lung compliance can be affected by various conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Respiratory mechanics refers to the biomechanical properties and processes that involve the movement of air through the respiratory system during breathing. It encompasses the mechanical behavior of the lungs, chest wall, and the muscles of respiration, including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Respiratory mechanics includes several key components:
1. **Compliance**: The ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand and recoil during breathing. High compliance means that the structures can easily expand and recoil, while low compliance indicates greater resistance to expansion and recoil.
2. **Resistance**: The opposition to airflow within the respiratory system, primarily due to the friction between the air and the airway walls. Airway resistance is influenced by factors such as airway diameter, length, and the viscosity of the air.
3. **Lung volumes and capacities**: These are the amounts of air present in the lungs during different phases of the breathing cycle. They include tidal volume (the amount of air inspired or expired during normal breathing), inspiratory reserve volume (additional air that can be inspired beyond the tidal volume), expiratory reserve volume (additional air that can be exhaled beyond the tidal volume), and residual volume (the air remaining in the lungs after a forced maximum exhalation).
4. **Work of breathing**: The energy required to overcome the resistance and elastic forces during breathing. This work is primarily performed by the respiratory muscles, which contract to generate negative intrathoracic pressure and expand the chest wall, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
5. **Pressure-volume relationships**: These describe how changes in lung volume are associated with changes in pressure within the respiratory system. Important pressure components include alveolar pressure (the pressure inside the alveoli), pleural pressure (the pressure between the lungs and the chest wall), and transpulmonary pressure (the difference between alveolar and pleural pressures).
Understanding respiratory mechanics is crucial for diagnosing and managing various respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and restrictive lung diseases.
Respiratory physiological phenomena refer to the various mechanical, chemical, and biological processes and functions that occur in the respiratory system during breathing and gas exchange. These phenomena include:
1. Ventilation: The movement of air into and out of the lungs, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
2. Gas Exchange: The diffusion of oxygen (O2) from the alveoli into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream into the alveoli.
3. Respiratory Mechanics: The physical properties and forces that affect the movement of air in and out of the lungs, such as lung compliance, airway resistance, and chest wall elasticity.
4. Control of Breathing: The regulation of ventilation by the central nervous system through the integration of sensory information from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the respiratory system.
5. Acid-Base Balance: The maintenance of a stable pH level in the blood through the regulation of CO2 elimination and bicarbonate balance by the respiratory and renal systems.
6. Oxygen Transport: The binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the red blood cells and its delivery to the tissues for metabolic processes.
7. Defense Mechanisms: The various protective mechanisms that prevent the entry and colonization of pathogens and foreign particles into the respiratory system, such as mucociliary clearance, cough reflex, and immune responses.
Airway resistance is a measure of the opposition to airflow during breathing, which is caused by the friction between the air and the walls of the respiratory tract. It is an important parameter in respiratory physiology because it can affect the work of breathing and gas exchange.
Airway resistance is usually expressed in units of cm H2O/L/s or Pa·s/m, and it can be measured during spontaneous breathing or during forced expiratory maneuvers, such as those used in pulmonary function testing. Increased airway resistance can result from a variety of conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis, and bronchiectasis. Decreased airway resistance can be seen in conditions such as emphysema or after a successful bronchodilator treatment.
Abnormality of the respiratory system - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database
Ring chromosome 14 syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics
Abnormality of the respiratory system (Concept Id: C4018871)
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Cardiovascular6
- Respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system examination revealed no abnormality. (ispub.com)
- Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory diseases, among others, are the major medical challenge of the 21st century. (ersjournals.com)
- Noncommunicable diseases include a number of highly prevalent diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer, diabetes, neuropsychiatric disorders and arthritis [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- In September 2022, the UK Department of Health and Social Care released the "Eighth Independent Report on Nicotine E-Cigarette Research," which stated that compared with traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes significantly reduced exposure to harmful substances, and could significantly reduce biomarkers related to cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. (ecigator.com)
- The novelty of long-COVID makes it challenging for clinicians to manage lingering symptoms, which, according to Al-Aly, Xie and Bowe, include respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, nervous system diseases, metabolic disorders, mental health burdens, poor wellbeing and gastrointestinal abnormalities. (mlmic.com)
- The recent discovery of morphological differences in the brainstem of infants who have died from SIDS indicates that such cases may represent immature development of centers responsible for arousal, cardiovascular, and respiratory functions. (medscape.com)
Registered Respirato1
- Greenville Technical College's Respiratory Care program was recently recognized with a 2020 Distinguished Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT) Credentialing Success Award by the Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care (CoARC). (gvltec.edu)
Gastrointestinal2
- Is it a problem with the gastrointestinal or respiratory system? (ebmedicine.net)
- These infections can affect different areas of the body, such as the respiratory system, urinary tract, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. (imedix.com)
Infections6
- Some affected individuals have problems with their immune system that lead to recurrent infections, especially involving the respiratory system. (medlineplus.gov)
- system, including infections and neoplasias, rarely present with spontaneous rupture of the spleen. (ispub.com)
- This can occur due to allergies, respiratory infections, or structural abnormalities. (kcmuseum.org)
- This mucus traps bacteria which leads lung damage, infections, and respiratory failure. (bartleby.com)
- The underlying immune system abnormalities make individuals more prone to contracting bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. (imedix.com)
- Immune system disorders may result in recurrent and unusual infections, or inflammation and dysfunction of the body's own tissues. (ssa.gov)
Cardiac2
- Could it be a metabolic or cardiac abnormality? (ebmedicine.net)
- Hydrolethalus (HLS) is a severe fetal malformation syndrome characterized by craniofacial dysmorphic features, central nervous system, cardiac, respiratory tract and limb abnormalities. (orpha.net)
Acute6
- Respiratory acidosis can be acute or chronic. (medscape.com)
- Acute respiratory acidosis is present when an abrupt failure of ventilation occurs. (medscape.com)
- 98 mmol/L), the association of diagnoses with chloride abnormalities, and the associations of mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) with chloride abnormalities. (thieme-connect.de)
- Side effects included hypercholesterolemia, acute pyelonephritis, mild inflammation of the parotid glands, and upper respiratory system inflammation. (nih.gov)
- pulmonary embolism (more common) and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ARDS ). (medscape.com)
- Acute respiratory failure is a life-threatening impairment of oxygenation, carbon dioxide elimination, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
Thoracic1
- Chronic respiratory acidosis also may be secondary to obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS-ie, Pickwickian syndrome), neuromuscular disorders such as ALS, and severe restrictive ventilatory defects such as are observed in interstitial fibrosis and thoracic skeletal deformities. (medscape.com)
Disorders7
- Chronic respiratory acidosis may be secondary to many disorders, including COPD. (medscape.com)
- Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is necessary in the evaluation of a patient with suspected respiratory acidosis or other acid-base disorders. (medscape.com)
- The skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by intrinsic abnormalities in the growth or remodeling of cartilage and bone. (medscape.com)
- A. What disorders do we evaluate under the immune system disorders listings? (ssa.gov)
- 1. We evaluate immune system disorders that cause dysfunction in one or more components of your immune system. (ssa.gov)
- Immune system disorders can cause a deficit in a single organ or body system that results in extreme (that is, very serious) loss of function. (ssa.gov)
- Inborn errors of pulmonary surfactant metabolism are genetically heterogeneous disorders resulting in severe respiratory insufficiency or failure in full-term neonates or infants. (nih.gov)
Deficiencies and abnormalities2
- Under general supervision, administers respiratory care and life support to patients with cardiopulmonary system deficiencies and abnormalities. (indeed.com)
- Respiratory Care specializes in deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary (heart and lung) system. (gvltec.edu)
Metabolic2
- See also Pediatric Respiratory Acidosis , Metabolic Acidosis , and Pediatric Metabolic Acidosis . (medscape.com)
- The transgenic foods created are unwholesome, because they involve stressing the developmental and metabolic system of organisms out of balance. (countercurrents.org)
Structural abnormalities1
- These alterations are typically known as structural abnormalities. (marylandreporter.com)
Abnormal3
- The most common abnormal serum electrolyte finding in chronic respiratory acidosis is the presence of a compensatory increase in serum bicarbonate concentration. (medscape.com)
- reduced air entry or abnormal respiratory sounds occurred in 5 (5%) patients. (cdc.gov)
- This abnormal mucus affects individuals with CF by forming blockage in their respiratory track and obstruction in his or her pancreases (Ratjen & Doring, 2003). (bartleby.com)
Computed tomography1
- Radiography, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and fluoroscopy of the chest may provide helpful information in determining causes of respiratory acidosis. (medscape.com)
Neonatal1
- Respiratory therapists work with sophisticated medical equipment and groundbreaking technology in the care and treatment of virtually every patient population, from the elderly to neonatal. (gvltec.edu)
Lungs8
- An abnormality of the respiratory system, which include the airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. (mcw.edu)
- Cystic Fibrosis, commonly known as CF, is a life-threatening, lethal genetic disease that mostly affects the lungs and digestive system (O'Sullivan & Freedman, 2009). (bartleby.com)
- 12] Unusually viscous emissions in the airway of the lungs and in ducts of the pancreas in people with cystic fibrosis cause hindrances that prompt aggravation, tissue harm and destruction of both organ systems. (bartleby.com)
- Cystic Fibrosis is a life threatening condition that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system. (bartleby.com)
- At the same time, pathological results showed that both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes may cause abnormalities in the mouse lungs, but the damage caused by traditional cigarettes was more obvious. (ecigator.com)
- The respiratory system does not carry out its physiological function (of gas exchange) until after birth, though the respiratory tract, diaphragm and lungs do begin to form early in embryonic development and continue through fetal development, only functionally maturing just before birth. (edu.au)
- lower respiratory tract - consisting of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs. (edu.au)
- The respiratory "system" usually includes descriptions of not only the functional development of the lungs, but also related musculoskeletal (diaphragm) and vascular (pulmonary) development. (edu.au)
Cause abnormalities1
- Lung diseases that cause abnormalities in alveolar gas exchange do not typically result in alveolar hypoventilation. (medscape.com)
Congenital abnormalities2
- Holoprosencephaly-postaxial polydactyly syndrome associates, in chromosomally normal neonates, holoprosencephaly, severe facial dysmorphism, postaxial polydactyly and other congenital abnormalities, suggestive of trisomy 13. (nih.gov)
- This retrospective study documented the incidence of congenital abnormalities in 2 major hospitals in Port Harcourt, an oil-rich city in Rivers state, Nigeria. (who.int)
Developmental abnormalities3
- Developmental abnormalities can lead to a tracheoesophageal fistula. (wikipedia.org)
- Early-life exposures have been linked to developmental abnormalities and may increase the risk for a variety of diseases later in life. (mybeautifuladventures.com)
- Developmental abnormalities. (edu.au)
Syndrome4
- Ring chromosome 14 syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality known as a ring chromosome 14, sometimes written as r(14). (medlineplus.gov)
- Recently, the abnormalities of pulmonary surfactant system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- For instance, Stephen McNally's youngest son, Sean, suffered from congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, which causes serious breathing abnormalities. (findlaw.com)
- Last year, a business traveller who was returning home to the Republic of Korea, and who was infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), disrupted the country's economy as well as its health system. (who.int)
Disorder5
- Cor pulmonale is defined as an alteration in the structure and function of the right ventricle (RV) of the heart caused by a primary disorder of the respiratory system. (medscape.com)
- B. What information do we need to show that you have an immune system disorder? (ssa.gov)
- Generally, we need your medical history, a report(s) of a physical examination, a report(s) of laboratory findings, and in some instances, appropriate medically acceptable imaging or tissue biopsy reports to show that you have an immune system disorder. (ssa.gov)
- The precise meaning will depend on the specific immune system disorder, the usual course of the disorder, and the other circumstances of your clinical course. (ssa.gov)
- A clinically similar disorder characterized by respiratory distress (267450) can affect preterm infants, who show developmental deficiency of surfactant. (nih.gov)
Nasal4
- Cat sleeps with mouth open due to a possible obstruction or discomfort in the nasal passages or respiratory system. (kcmuseum.org)
- Nasal airway obstruction (NAO), also known as nasal congestion, stuffy nose or congested nose, is one of the major problems identified in the upper part of the human respiratory system. (marylandreporter.com)
- In addition to the external causes, changes in the biological positioning of the parts of the upper respiratory system also led to airway obstructions narrowing the nasal valve. (marylandreporter.com)
- upper respiratory tract - consisting of the nose, nasal cavity and the pharynx. (edu.au)
Severe3
- Hypercapnia typically occurs late in the disease process with severe pulmonary disease or when respiratory muscles fatigue. (medscape.com)
- They can also cause lesser degrees of limitations in two or more organs or body systems, and when associated with symptoms or signs, such as severe fatigue, fever, malaise, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, or involuntary weight loss, can also result in extreme limitation. (ssa.gov)
- The possibility that a mosquito bite during pregnancy could be linked to severe brain abnormalities in newborns alarmed the public and astonished scientists. (who.int)
Carbon dioxide2
- Respiratory acidosis ensues when the removal of carbon dioxide by the respiratory system is less than the production of carbon dioxide in the tissues. (medscape.com)
- The respiratory system oxygenates and eliminates carbon dioxide from venous blood. (msdmanuals.com)
European Respiratory Society1
- The European Respiratory Society (ERS) has published new guidelines on the assessment of chronic cough. (medicalindependent.ie)
Vascular4
- Objectives To test the hypothesis that vascular abnormalities on high-resolution CT (HRCT) would be associated with echocardiographic changes and lung function abnormalities in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and the decline in lung function seen in SCD patients. (bmj.com)
- Conclusions Abnormalities in pulmonary vascular volumes may explain some of the lung function abnormalities and the decline in lung function seen in adults with SCD. (bmj.com)
- Vascular abnormalities on high-resolution CT (HRCT) would be associated with echocardiographic changes and lung function abnormalities in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and with the decline in lung function seen in SCD patients. (bmj.com)
- Alterations in pulmonary vascular volumes due to anaemia in SCD patients may be responsible for some of their lung function abnormalities and changes seen on HRCT and their decline in lung function. (bmj.com)
Diseases3
- 6. The chronic effects of cannabis use on health Cellular and immunological effects The possible effects of chronic cannabis use on cellular processes and the immune system are considered together because both effects may influence a cannabis user's susceptibility to diseases. (druglibrary.org)
- If cannabis use affects cellular processes then users may be at increased risk of developing various types of cancer, and if it affects the immune system then cannabis users may be at increased risk of contracting infectious diseases and developing cancer. (druglibrary.org)
- In this State of the Art review we present the basic concepts of systems biology, use some examples to illustrate the potential of network medicine to address complex medical problems, and review some recent publications that show how a systems-based research strategy can contribute to improve our understanding of multimorbidity and age-related respiratory diseases. (ersjournals.com)
Examination4
- Respiratory system examination did not reveal any abnormality. (bmj.com)
- Upon successful completion of the CSE Examination, graduates are awarded the Registered Respiratory Therapists credential. (gvltec.edu)
- This module is based on the NHS Newborn and Infant Physical Examination Programme and is a screening test for abnormalities of the eyes, heart, hips and testes. (cumbria.ac.uk)
- Early heart disease and respiratory problems can be detected during this examination. (oregonvma.org)
Skeletal3
- For more information about the relevant anatomy, see Skeletal System Anatomy in Children and Toddlers , Skeletal System Anatomy in Adults , and Osteology (Bone Anatomy) . (medscape.com)
- In the first hospital 78 congenital anomalies were recorded out of 19 572 births (4.00/1000), principally affecting the central nervous system (1.84/1000) and skeletal system (1.74/1000). (who.int)
- 2.20/1000), with malformations of the central nervous system (0.80/1000) and skeletal system (1.14/1000) again predominating. (who.int)
Cardiopulmonary1
- Right-sided ventricular disease caused by a primary abnormality of the left side of the heart or congenital heart disease is not considered cor pulmonale, but cor pulmonale can develop secondary to a wide variety of cardiopulmonary disease processes. (medscape.com)
Chronic1
- Many patients with chronic hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis are also hypoxemic. (medscape.com)
Aerosol4
- A study conducted by the School of Pharmacy at Sun Yat-Sen University in China has found that, under the same nicotine dosage, e-cigarette aerosol has less harmful effects on the respiratory system than traditional cigarette smoke. (ecigator.com)
- The study found that although both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes are harmful to the respiratory system, the harm of e-cigarette aerosol is smaller. (ecigator.com)
- On October 8, 2022, the School of Pharmacy at Sun Yat-Sen University published a paper in the global core toxicology journal "Archives of Toxicology," which stated that under the same nicotine dosage, the harm of e-cigarette aerosol to the respiratory system is less than that of traditional cigarette smoke. (ecigator.com)
- However, under the same nicotine dosage, the harm of e-cigarette aerosol to the respiratory system is less than that of traditional cigarette smoke. (ecigator.com)
Immunological1
- 6.2 Immunological effects The possibility that cannabis reduces immune system function is important for several reasons. (druglibrary.org)
Asthma2
- Asthma results from complex interactions among inflammatory cells, their mediators, airway epithelium and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. (medscape.com)
- Risk factors for asthma include a family history of allergic disease, the presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), viral respiratory illnesses , exposure to aeroallergens , cigarette smoke, obesity , and lower socioeconomic status. (medscape.com)
Obstruction1
- Post-renal AKI usually results from an obstruction in the filtration system. (randox.com)
Hypercapnia1
- Ventilatory Failure Ventilatory failure is a rise in PaCO2 (hypercapnia) that occurs when the respiratory load can no longer be supported by the strength or activity of the system. (msdmanuals.com)
Alveolar2
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a respiratory disease due to repeated episodes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage without any underlying apparent cause, most often in children. (nih.gov)
- Respiratory acidosis is an acid-base balance disturbance due to alveolar hypoventilation. (medscape.com)
Lung function1
- Lung function tests found that exposure to traditional cigarettes led to significant abnormalities in several lung function indicators in mice, but the e-cigarette group had only one indicator that decreased. (ecigator.com)
Endocrine1
- These chemicals are linked to "numerous adverse human health outcomes including alterations in sperm quality and fertility, abnormalities in sex organs, endometriosis, early puberty, altered nervous system function, immune function, certain cancers, [and] respiratory problems," according to the Endocrine Society, a group of medical researchers and clinicians. (ens-newswire.com)
Immune system1
- There are a number of difficulties in deciding whether cannabis impairs the functioning of the immune system. (druglibrary.org)
Ventilatory1
- The effects of sedating drugs such as narcotics and benzodiazepines in depressing the central ventilatory drive and causing respiratory acidosis should be considered. (medscape.com)
Inhalation1
- The researchers stated that the research results clearly show that exposure to traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes with larger inhalation doses can be harmful to the respiratory system. (ecigator.com)
Sudden1
- When the cardiorespiratory system becomes compromised due to noxious environmental conditions (hypoxia, hypercarbia) during sleep, such infants may not become aroused to defend against these conditions, resulting in sudden death. (medscape.com)
Serum1
- However, whether the level of TBA in maternal serum caused perinatal abnormality of pulmonary surfactant and fetal lung tissue morphological structure remains largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
Trachea1
- Pathological section results of lung tissue showed that the lung coefficient of mice exposed to traditional cigarettes was significantly increased, and the shape of the trachea changed, suggesting that there may be lesions in the respiratory system. (ecigator.com)
Reproductive1
- Your pet's reproductive system will be examined. (oregonvma.org)
Brain2
- Radiologic studies (CT scanning and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) of the brain should be considered if a central cause of hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis is suspected. (medscape.com)
- Brain abnormalities include hydrocephaly and agenesis of midline structures such as corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis and septum pellucidum, leading to a wide opened fluid-filled space between lateral ventricles. (orpha.net)
Failure2
- Respiratory failure may occur because of impaired gas exchange, decreased ventilation, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
- This results in the accumulation of surfactant-derived lipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli and terminal bronchioles, causing respiratory failure (summary by Greenhill and Kotton, 2009). (nih.gov)
Problems2
- Paying attention to open-mouthed sleep can also alert you to potential respiratory problems or other issues that may require veterinary attention. (kcmuseum.org)
- Low selenium levels are also implicated in depression, male infertility, weak immune systems and thyroid problems. (livescience.com)
