Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute

Acute retinal necrosis

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute

Progressive outer retinal necrosis

Chickenpox

Hyperbaric medicine

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society

List of MeSH codes (C11)

Sickle cell retinopathy

Infarction

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis

List of MeSH codes (C23)

Sickle cell disease

John T. Sinnott

Complications of hypertension

Chromosome 11

Ocular ischemic syndrome

Complication (medicine)

Thrombosis

Dog health

Marfan syndrome

Arginylglycylaspartic acid

Behçet's disease

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Uveitis

Side effects of cyproterone acetate

HELLP syndrome

Complications of diabetes

Sarcoidosis

Gliosis

Cholesterol embolism

Detachment17

• Two weeks after the patient had been discharged, a retinal detachment occurred in the right eye, necessitating surgical repair. (nih.gov)
• Akira Urayama and his colleagues had six patients whose cases showed signs of acute necrotizing retinitis, retinal arteritis, choroiditis, and late-onset retinal detachment. (wikipedia.org)
• Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) can lead to uveitis, retinal detachment , and blindness. (medscape.com)
• Mild to fulminant necrotizing vaso-occlusive retinitis associated with a high incidence of retinal detachment and poor vision outcome. (nih.gov)
• Unilateral acute uveitis with retinal periarteritis and detachment. (jamanetwork.com)
• Clarkson JGBlumenkranz MSCulbertson WWFlynn HW JrLewis ML Retinal detachment following the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (jamanetwork.com)
• Serous retinal detachment. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• 1 It is followed by a late cicatrizing phase in which 30% to 50% of patients will develop a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, usually within three to six months. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Generally, patients should respond in one to two weeks and experience resolution of the acute retinitis around one month after initial therapy-though doctors should perform dilated exams frequently for several months through the cicatricial phase to monitor for retinal tear or retinal detachment. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Prophylactic laser barricade has occasionally been used to prevent subsequent retinal detachment, but the success in preventing retinal detachment is not clear at this point. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Other surgical options, such as scleral buckle and vitrectomy, are reserved only for cases that progress to retinal detachment. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• 1,2 Prognosis for ARN patients is dependent on the amount of retinal necrosis, presence of retinal detachment and involvement of the fellow eye. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• She treats all medical and surgical conditions of the retina and vitreous, including macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, vitreomacular disorders, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusions, retinal detachment, and cataract complications, and she implanted the first Argus II retinal prosthesis for the surgical management of advanced retinitis pigmentosa in New England. (neec.com)
• Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings of commotio retinae with associated serous retinal detachment. (neec.com)
• Liang MC, Baumal C. Bilateral serous retinal detachment as a presenting sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an adult. (neec.com)
• A vasoproliferative condition of very immature newborn infants that may be characterized by neovascularization, scarring, retinal detachment, and eventually blindness. (nih.gov)

Central Retinal A2

• Central Retinal Artery Occlusion with Cilioretinal Sparing Presenting as Acute Retinal Necrosis. (bupa.co.uk)
• In about 12 percent of patients, the visual loss is abrupt and a cherry-red spot is present on funduscopic examination, indicating acute central retinal artery occlusion. (theretinainstitute.org)

Retina10

• The acute herpetic phase is characterized by when viral particles infiltrate the retina and vitreous causing an inflammatory reaction. (wikipedia.org)
• The American Uveitis Society has established the following guidelines for ARN diagnosis: Retinal necrosis with one or more focus points borders in the peripheral retina In the absence of antiviral treatment, the condition progresses rapidly Spreading to the surroundings Buildup of blood vessels Inflammation of the vitreous. (wikipedia.org)
• Acute retinal necrosis may be a result of dormant herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus , or varicella-herpes zoster virus (VZV) viral reactivation in the retina. (medscape.com)
• ARN has an acute onset with a predilection for the peripheral retina and usually self-resolves within six to 12 weeks. (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Dr. Liang is a board-certified member of the American Board of Ophthalmology and a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Society of Retinal Specialists, Vit-Buckle Society, and Retina Society. (neec.com)
• Inflamación de la coroides en la que la retina sensorial se vuelve edematosa y opaca. (bvsalud.org)
• Infección retiniana producida por citomegalovirus y caracterizada por necrosis, hemorragia, envainamiento de los vasos y edema de retina. (bvsalud.org)
• Infection of the retina by cytomegalovirus characterized by retinal necrosis, hemorrhage, vessel sheathing, and retinal edema. (bvsalud.org)
• Plus disease is characterized by at least two quadrants around the optic nerve showing evidence of dilation and tortuosity of the major retinal vessels resulting from increased blood flow or neovascularization of the iris or poor view of the retina due to vitreous haze. (nih.gov)
• Intraretinal hemorrhages are present in 80 percent of eyes, neovascularization of the retina and/or optic disc in 35 percent, macular edema in 12 percent, cotton-wool spots in 5 percent and spontaneous retinal arterial pulsations in 4 percent of eyes. (theretinainstitute.org)

Ocular12

• Ocular examination showed severe anterior granulomatous uveitis, vitreous haze, areas of necrosis and retinal exudates. (nih.gov)
• Acute retinal necrosis is a severe ocular inflammatory syndrome associated with a very poor visual outcome. (nih.gov)
• This encompasses multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (AIBSES), acute macular neuroretinopathy, presumed ocular histoplasmosis, punctate inner choroidopathy, and multifocal choroiditis. (medscape.com)
• Aarskog syndrome , Aarskog-Scott syndrome a hereditary X-linked condition characterized by ocular hypertelorism,anteverted nostrils, broad upper lip, peculiar scrotal "shawl" above the penis, and small hands. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
• Conjunctival expression of leukocytes adhesion molecules in cicatrizing condition: Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Atopy and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (athenseyehospital.gr)
• Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS), for example, is caused by a fungus (the condition is a type of chorioretinitis ). (medbroadcast.com)
• In 1963, Kearns and Hollenhorst1 described the ocular features of a syndrome they observed in 5 percent of their patients with carotid artery obstruction. (theretinainstitute.org)
• Because of the potential for confusion, other authors have promoted the term "ocular ischemic syndrome" to refer to the ocular symptoms and signs attributable to severe carotid artery obstruction.2 This latter term has since gained widespread usage. (theretinainstitute.org)
• It is estimated that the ocular ischemic syndrome occurs in about 2,100 patients per year in the United States. (theretinainstitute.org)
• When the obstruction reaches 90 percent-the minimum typically needed to cause the ocular ischemic syndrome -the perfusion pressure within the central retinal artery decreases by 50 percent. (theretinainstitute.org)
• Approximately 50 percent of people with the ocular ischemic syndrome have total ipsilateral carotid artery obstruction, and about 10 percent have bilateral total carotid artery obstruction. (theretinainstitute.org)
• Talc retinopathy is an established ocular entity consisting of irregularly shaped refractile retinal deposits, which are derived from the filler in narcotics and oral medications such as methylphenidate that are crushed and then injected Chronic critical limb ischemia is manifested by pain at rest, nonhealing wounds and gangrene. (web.app)

Bilateral Acute Retinal4

• In 1978, Young and Bird named the disease when presented in both eyes, Bilateral Acute Retinal Necrosis, otherwise known as BARN. (wikipedia.org)
• 13. Four cases of bilateral acute retinal necrosis with a long interval after the initial onset. (nih.gov)
• Young NJABird AC Bilateral acute retinal necrosis. (jamanetwork.com)
• PURPOSE: To report a case of bilateral acute retinal necrosis caused by cytomegalovirus. (johnshopkins.edu)

Uveitis5

• Acute retinal necrosis was first described in the Japanese literature in 1971 and termed Kirisawa uveitis. (medscape.com)
• Acute retinal necrosis accounts for 5.5% of uveitis cases over a 10-year period. (medscape.com)
• Holland GNfor the Executive Committee of the American Uveitis Society, Standard diagnostic criteria for the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (jamanetwork.com)
• DEFINITION Masquerade syndromes comprise a group of disorders - simulating a chronic idiopathic uveitis - having an underlying primary cause that is not immune mediated and that is associated with an apparent clinical picture of intraocular inflammation They are usually poorly, if not at all, responsive to corticosteroid treatment. (kipdf.com)
• 3 and epilepsy, tuberculosis-like uveitis, acute retinal necrosis like presentation. (kipdf.com)

Presenting symptoms1

• Outside of similar presenting symptoms and some overlapping clinical features, multifocal choroidopathy syndromes lack any significant histopathologic feature, serologic finding, or common attributable etiology. (medscape.com)

Ophthalmology3

• Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. (medscape.com)
• 1 MASQUERADE SYNDROMES Phuc LEHOANG, MD, PhD Professor of Ophthalmology, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière 83. (kipdf.com)
• Further educational efforts are needed to make the entire medical community outside of ophthalmology aware of the importance of acute intervention in potentially blinding SJS/TEN. (entokey.com)

Hemorrhage1

• Retinal necrosis with intraretinal hemorrhage. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Patients8

• HSV type 2 is a rare cause of acute retinal necrosis in healthy patients. (nih.gov)
• 15. Correlation of Clinical Outcomes with Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA Copy Number in Patients with Acute Retinal Necrosis. (nih.gov)
• Detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific delayed hypersensitivity in patients with VZV-acute retinal necrosis (ARN) after resolution. (jamanetwork.com)
• It should be noted that the aforementioned clinical endeavors in promptly establishing a correct diagnosis and excluding concomitant infection have not been pursued consistently and vigorously by all subspecialties involved in the acute care of SJS/TEN patients. (entokey.com)
• De D. Acute nursing care and management of patients with sickle cell. (medscape.com)
• Those patients having diabetic retinal changes were excluded from the study. (jmedsci.com)
• We conducted a prospective study during 2010-2011 to describe clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, prognostic factors, and outcomes for 25 Civil Hospital patients who required hemodialysis for acute kidney injury associated with P. vivax monoinfection. (cdc.gov)
• If patients with SCD crisis are being transported by emergency medical services (EMS), they should receive supplemental oxygen and intravenous hydration en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)

Tumor Ne2

• Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is strongly implicated in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but its potential as a therapeutic target has been hampered by its complex biology. (frontiersin.org)
• Among all potential targets, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is one of the strongest candidates for such interventions-it is one of the earliest expressed "gate-keeper" cytokines in response to almost any potentially damaging situation, modulating subsequent inflammatory responses, and has been repeatedly implicated in the development and progression of ARDS ( 8 ), including direct effects on pulmonary edema formation and clearance. (frontiersin.org)

Pigment5

• Multifocal choroidopathy syndromes are rare disorders involving a primary pathologic process occurring at or near the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with or without photoreceptor outer segment and choriocapillaris involvement. (medscape.com)
• Within weeks, this line is replaced by an orange zone, which eventually becomes a larger sector of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) depigmentation and retinal vasculature attenuation. (medscape.com)
• Case Report: Krill's disease or acute retinal pigment epithelitis (ARPE) is a self-limiting retinal disease with no specific treatment. (bvsalud.org)
• Secondary pigment dispersion syndrome with single-piece acrylic IOL. (bupa.co.uk)
• RESULTS: Retinitis (10/18 eyes), retinal necrosis (4/18 eyes), disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium (12/18 eyes), and choroidal inflammation and congestion (15/18 eyes) were characteristic findings. (ox.ac.uk)

Manifestations2

• The acute retinal necrosis syndrome, part 1: clinical manifestations. (jamanetwork.com)
• Reported severe manifestations of P. vivax include cerebral malaria, liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, severe anemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, abnormal bleeding, and multiple organ failure ( 2 - 10 ). (cdc.gov)

Epithelium1

• Barrett's syndrome peptic ulcer of the lower esophagus, often with stricture, due to the presence of columnar-lined epithelium, which may contain functional mucous cells, parietal cells, or chief cells, in the esophagus instead of normal squamous cell epithelium. (topgrowupclinic.eu)

Blindness1

• Symptoms and complications include retinal necrosis, blindness, sensitivity to light, and different vision-related complications. (usalegal.com)

Herpes simplex vi3

• Moesen I, Khemka S, Ayliffe W. Acute retinal necrosis secondary to herpes simplex virus type 2 with preexisting chorioretinal scarring. (medscape.com)
• Lewis MLCulbertson WWPost JDMiller DKokame GTDix RD Herpes simplex virus type 1: a cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (jamanetwork.com)
• Thompson WSCulbertson WWSmiddy WERobertson JERosenbaum JT Acute retinal necrosis caused by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2. (jamanetwork.com)

Diseases4

• [ 1 ] describes the acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR complex) spectrum of diseases. (medscape.com)
• Her research interests include retinal imaging and new therapies for macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and other retinal diseases. (neec.com)
• Retinal imaging and new therapies for macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and other retinal diseases. (neec.com)
• Therefore, a timely detection of these retinal changes by an ophthalmologist can be of immense value in such life-threatening diseases. (bmj.com)

Macular degeneration2

• She was the primary investigator for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis Post-Approval Study and is currently investigating if gene therapy has the potential to slow the progression of geographic atrophy in dry age-related macular degeneration. (neec.com)
• It causes symptoms and retinal decay very similar to macular degeneration, and can destroy the central part of the field of vision. (medbroadcast.com)

Vitrectomy1

• 2. Acute retinal necrosis: clinical features, early vitrectomy, and outcomes. (nih.gov)

Neovascularization1

• It can involve both the upper and lower extremities Acute Limb ischemia: Sudden decrease in the blood flow to a limb, resulting in a potential threat to the viability of the extremity Chronic Limb ischaemia: Peripheral vascular disease Peripheral retinal ischemia with neovascularization is a potential sequela of retinal embolization of talc crystals in long-term intravenous drug users. (web.app)

Occlusive vasculopathy1

• The diagnosis of ARN is generally made based on The clinical triad of progressive retinal necrosis, vitritis and occlusive vasculopathy in an immunocompetent individual between the ages of 20 and 60. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Outer retinal2

• [ 7 , 8 ] Acute macular neuroretinopathy, a bilateral condition affecting otherwise healthy young adults, appears to involve a pathologic process occurring more in the middle and outer retinal layers rather than in the RPE and choriocapillaris. (medscape.com)
• Retinoschisis and outer retinal hole formation in a patient with papillorenal syndrome. (neec.com)

Vasculopathy1

• Hypo-oestrogenemia in Retinal Vasculopathy due to Primary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. (bupa.co.uk)

Lesions3

• battered-child syndrome multiple traumatic lesions of the bones and soft tissues of children, often accompanied by subdural hematomas, willfully inflicted by an adult. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
• T cells predominated in retinal lesions and choroid. (ox.ac.uk)
• RESULTS: On examination, the patient was found to have acute retinal necrosis with white satellite lesions in the fundus of the left eye. (touro.edu)

20173

• HN - 2017(1998) FX - Antigen-Antibody Reactions MH - Acute Febrile Encephalopathy UI - D000071072 MN - C10.228.140.21 MS - Acute onset of fever accompanied by seizures, cerebral inflammation and a change in mental status (e.g., confusion, disorientation, and coma). (nih.gov)
• HN - 2017 MH - Acute Retroviral Syndrome UI - D000071297 MN - C2.782.815.616.400.44 MN - C2.800.801.400.44 MN - C20.673.480.44 MS - Early stage of HIV infection. (nih.gov)
• HN - 2017 (1997) MH - ADAM17 Protein UI - D000072198 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.375 MN - D9.400.430.500.375 MN - D12.776.395.33.375 MN - D23.50.301.264.35.57 MN - D23.101.100.110.57 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA to its mature form. (nih.gov)

Occlusion2

• blue toe syndrome skin necrosis and ischemic gangrene manifest as a blue color of the toes, resulting from arterial occlusion, usually caused by emboli, thrombi, or injury. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
• Budd-Chiari syndrome symptomatic obstruction or occlusion of the hepatic veins, causing hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and tenderness, intractable ascites, mild jaundice, and eventually portal hypertension and liver failure. (topgrowupclinic.eu)

Outcome2

• Visual outcome in acute retinal necrosis. (medscape.com)
• 4. Acute retinal necrosis: the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and virus type on outcome. (nih.gov)

Unilateral1

• Unilateral acute retinal necrosis initially presenting with painful orbitopathy. (deu.edu.tr)

Inflammation2

• p55-targeting dAb also attenuated pulmonary inflammation in the ventilated model, with signs that altered cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment persisted beyond the very acute phase. (frontiersin.org)
• A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. (lookformedical.com)

Cytomegalovirus1

• CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, cytomegalovirus may lead to an appearance identical to acute retinal necrosis and should be considered among the viral etiologies of this syndrome. (johnshopkins.edu)

Diagnosis5

• Acute retinal necrosis: a national population-based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the UK. (medscape.com)
• Duker JS, Blumenkranz MS. Diagnosis and management of the acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome. (medscape.com)
• 12. Diagnosis and management of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (nih.gov)
• Several classifications can be suggested to facilitate the practical approach to the diagnosis of these masquerade syndromes. (kipdf.com)
• Serological testing for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) has become an important tool for supporting a diagnosis of systemic necrotizing small vessel vasculitis: Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome and oligo-symptomatic forms of these. (go.jp)

Severe3

• Börjeson's syndrome , Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome a hereditary syndrome, transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait, characterized by severe mental retardation, epilepsy, hypogonadism, hypometabolism, marked obesity, swelling of the subcutaneous tissues of the face, and large ears. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
• acquired immune deficiency syndrome , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an epidemic, transmissible retroviral disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, manifested in severe cases as profound depression of cell-mediated immunity, and affecting certain recognized risk groups. (topgrowupclinic.eu)
• Earlier post: Five Ps of critical limb ischemia Acute traumatic peripheral ischemia A traumatic ischemia is a condition of inadequate supply of blood to organs and body tissues as a result of a severe physical injury. (web.app)

Secondary2

• Stage 3 is regression of retinal necrosis, with secondary pigmentation of the lesion with condensation of the vitreous base. (medscape.com)
• The recommendation to start appropriate secondary prevention measures for cardiovascular disease in people with a history of acute limb ischaemia with identified peripheral arterial disease is based on expert opinion in a review article [Jaffery et al, 2011]. (web.app)

Infection3

• Complications of SCD can include anemia, debilitating acute and chronic pain, infection, acute chest syndrome, stroke, and progressive organ damage, including decreased cognitive function and renal failure. (cdc.gov)
• Chronic herpes infection, which is uncommon, can cause acute retinal necrosis (ARN), particularly in men. (medbroadcast.com)
• However, there have also been suggestions that Cogan's syndrome may be initiated by a bacterial infection (specifically chlamydia pneumoniae ) - though Cogan's syndrome does not result from all infections with this bacteria, and fortunately remains a rare condition. (ivyroses.com)

Intravenous1

• Blumenkranz MS, Culbertson WW, Clarkson JG, Dix R. Treatment of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome with intravenous acyclovir. (medscape.com)

Symptoms and s1

• Renal replacement therapy was initiated before overt symptoms and signs of acute kidney injury developed ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)

Clinical features3

• 8. Acute retinal necrosis: clinical features, management and outcomes--a 10 year consecutive case series. (nih.gov)
• 9. Acute retinal necrosis: a case series with clinical features and treatment outcomes. (nih.gov)
• Many clinical features of the individual syndromes overlap, causing much confusion. (medscape.com)

Retinopathy2

• C3671 Injury C99147 Neonatal Research Network Terminology C101036 Retinopathy of Prematurity with Plus Disease Retinopathy of Prematurity with Plus Disease A stage of retinopathy of prematurity characterized by the presence of the following in at least two quadrants around the optic nerve: dilation and tortuosity of major retinal vasculature as a result of increased blood flow. (nih.gov)
• Characterized by retinal hemorrhages and dilated retinal veins, the entity was named "venous stasis retinopathy" by the authors. (theretinainstitute.org)

Respiratory distress1

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality within the ICU, constituting ~10% of ICU admissions worldwide with an associated mortality of 30-50% ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Peripheral2

• What do these peripheral retinal findings represent? (reviewofoptometry.com)
• Pathologic findings include a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, similar to that seen in the Guillaine-Barre syndrome. (lookformedical.com)

Chronic1

• The severity of illness was assessed by using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS), and Glasgow Coma Scale. (cdc.gov)

Immunocompetent1

• CONCLUSION: Varicella-zoster virus reactivation after shingles vaccination may predispose both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals to herpes-zoster ophthalmicus, leading to acute retinal necrosis. (touro.edu)

Vessel1

• 11 seconds) in 95 percent of eyes, and large retinal vessel staining (usually arterial) in 85 percent of eyes. (theretinainstitute.org)

Disease5

• [ 10 ] Accordingly, discussion of the various multifocal choroidopathy syndromes in this article addresses each disease as a separate entity. (medscape.com)
• Acute retinal necrosis is a disease of young healthy individuals aged 20-50 years. (medscape.com)
• One recent theory is that Cogan's syndrome is an autoimmune disease. (ivyroses.com)
• Regrettably, this term has also been used to describe nonischemic central retinal vein obstruction, a disease with a very different etiology. (theretinainstitute.org)
• An experimental animal model for the demyelinating disease of GUILLAINE-BARRE SYNDROME. (lookformedical.com)

Complications1

• In addition, little information is found in the literature to explain the recent increase in incidence of acute kidney injury and the shift toward multiple complications, specifically in India ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)

Viral1

• Viral causes of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (medscape.com)

Anterior1

• Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) causes painful visual loss from an inflammatory condition characterized by retinitis, inflammatory cells in the vitreous and anterior chambers, and conjunctival injection. (medscape.com)

Antiphospholipid syndrome2

• Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare form of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). (nih.gov)
• When Do Symptoms of Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome Begin? (nih.gov)

Involvement1

• Optic nerve involvement in the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (medscape.com)

Toxic Epidermal1

• Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis have been reported. (nih.gov)

Infections1

• Pharyngeal infections causing liquefactive necrosis if the local anaesthetic agent required for dementia? (ifcuriousthenlearn.com)

Congenital1

• Blackfan-Diamond syndrome congenital hypoplastic anemia. (topgrowupclinic.eu)

Outcomes1

• Acute retinal necrosis features, management, and outcomes. (medscape.com)

Vitreomacular1

• Acute vitreomacular traction syndrome after uneventful phacoemulsification. (deu.edu.tr)

Vasculitis1

• Suggestive findings include conjunctival granulomas, large keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium (so-called granulomatous or mutton fat precipitates), iris granulomas, and retinal vasculitis. (msdmanuals.com)

Systemic1

• Sotozono and associates are correct in stating that amniotic membrane transplantation cannot and does not address the systemic adverse effect purportedly caused by the cytokine storm in acute SJS/TEN. (entokey.com)

Inflammatory condition1

• Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a medical inflammatory condition of the eye. (wikipedia.org)

Treatment5

• Aizman A. Treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. (medscape.com)
• 14. Treatment of acute retinal necrosis. (nih.gov)
• 18. Polymerase chain reaction during the treatment of acute retinal necrosis. (nih.gov)
• Irreversible retinal damage is related to cumulative dosage and treatment duration. (nih.gov)
• Baseline retinal exam and exams during treatment are recommended. (nih.gov)

Ischemia1

• Creager MA, Kaufman JA, Conte MS. Acute Limb Ischemia. (web.app)