Salivary Gland Calculi
Salivary Glands
Calculi
Urinary Calculi
Ureteral Calculi
Kidney Calculi
Urinary Bladder Calculi
Dental Calculus
Salivary Glands, Minor
Salivary Gland Diseases
Submandibular Gland
Salivary Duct Calculi
Lithotripsy
Quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy. (1/18)
OBJECTIVE: Uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate in salivary glands reflects intact salivary gland parenchyma. However, no standardized protocol for an accurate quantification of parenchymal function has been established so far. METHODS: In this paper we report on a validated acquisition protocol supplying a normal database for standardized quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy. RESULTS: The major advantage of salivary gland scintigraphy, as compared to other imaging modalities, is that both parenchymal function and excretion fraction of all four major salivary glands (i.e., parotid and submandibular glands) can be simultaneously quantified with a single intravenous injection. CONCLUSION: Quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy is demonstrated to be a suitable imaging modality for research applications in evaluating the effects of radioprotective drugs on salivary glands. Salivary gland scintigraphy is easy to perform, reproducible and well-tolerated by the patient. (+info)The MR imaging assessment of submandibular gland sialoadenitis secondary to sialolithiasis: correlation with CT and histopathologic findings. (2/18)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging has been proved to be effective in depicting wide variety of pathologic changes of the salivary gland. Therefore, we evaluated clinical usefulness of MR imaging for sialolithiasis. METHODS: Sixteen patients with sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland underwent MR imaging. MR images of the glands were obtained with a conventional (T1-weighted), fast spin-echo (fat-suppressed T2-weighted) and short inversion time-inversion recovery sequences. Contrast enhancement was not used. MR imaging features then were compared with clinical symptoms, histopathologic features of excised glands, and CT imaging features. RESULTS: Submandibular glands with sialolithiasis could be classified into three types on the basis of clinical symptoms and MR imaging features of the glands. Type I glands were positive for clinical symptoms and MR imaging abnormalities, and were characterised histopathologically by active inflammation (9 [56%] of 16). Type II glands were negative for clinical symptoms and positive for MR imaging abnormalities (4 [25%] of 16), and the glands were replaced by fat. Type III glands were negative for clinical symptoms and MR imaging abnormalities (3 [19%] of 16). CT features of these glands correlated well with those of MR imaging. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MR imaging features may reflect chronic and acute obstruction, and a combination of CT and MR imaging may complement each other in examining glands with sialolithiasis. (+info)Selected problems in fine needle aspiration of head and neck masses. (3/18)
A wide variety of masses in the head and neck, including those in the major salivary glands, can be approached by fine needle aspiration. In many instances, a correct definitive diagnosis con be rendered after examination of smears or cell block material. However, several significant but uncommon areas can lead to diagnostic difficulties, with the potential for clinically important diagnostic errors. Many of these occur in salivary gland lesions. The most frequent problems involve variations in the expected cytology of pleomorphic adenoma. Then, there are several benign-malignant "look-alike" pairs of lesions. The first of these is related to small-cell epithelial neoplasms of low nuclear grade; the most frequent problem is between basal cell adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinoma, particularly the solid (anaplastic) type. The next area contrasts mucoepidermoid carcinoma with its cytologic mimic, benign salivary gland duct obstruction. The final difficulty in salivary gland aspiration contrasts large-cell epithelial lesions of low nuclear grade: oncocytic proliferations and acinic cell carcinoma. The clinical implications of cytologically benign squamous cell-containing cyst aspirates from the lateral neck will be discussed. Finally, a brief consideration of methodological optimization for thyroid aspirations will be offered. (+info)Sialolithiasis: an unusually large submandibular salivary stone. (4/18)
Salivary gland calculi account for the most common disease of the salivary glands. The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. This case report describes a patient presenting with an unusually large submandibular gland sialolith, the subsequent patient management, the aetiology, diagnosis and various treatment modalities available for management of salivary gland calculi depending on their site and size. (+info)Comparative study of MR sialography and digital subtraction sialography for benign salivary gland disorders. (5/18)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR sialography has become an alternative imaging technique for ductal salivary gland diseases. We compared the diagnostic accuracies of MR sialography and digital subtraction sialography in patients with successful completion of both examinations and benign salivary gland disorders. METHODS: In a prospective study, we attempted to examine salivary glands in 80 patients with clinically suspected diagnoses of sialadenitis and/or sialolithiasis. Each patient underwent digital subtraction sialography and MR sialography. MR sialography was obtained with a T2-weighted single-shot turbo spin-echo sequence (TR/TE 2800/1100 msec, acquisition time 7 seconds), with use of a quadrature head coil. Final diagnoses were confirmed by clinical follow-up and results of biopsy (n = 9) or surgery (n = 19). RESULTS: Failure rate was 5% (four of 80) for MR sialography and 14% (11 of 80) for digital subtraction sialography. Eighty-one salivary glands (48 parotid, 33 submandibular) in 65 patients were successfully visualized with both modalities. MR sialography depicted the main ductal system and first- and second-order branches, whereas digital subtraction sialography was able to depict third-order branches. Sensitivity and specificity to diagnose chronic sialadenitis were 70% and 98% with MR and 96% and 100% with digital subtraction sialography. MR sialography enabled diagnosis of sialolithiasis with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 98% versus 90% and 98% for each with digital subtraction sialography. CONCLUSION: MR sialography with a heavily T2-weighted sequence is highly successful in the noninvasive visualization of the ductal system of major salivary glands. It is useful for diagnosing sialolithiasis and sialadenitis. Digital subtraction sialography, an invasive technique, had a substantial procedural failure rate, particularly for the submandibular duct. However, because of its higher spatial resolution, successfully completed digital subtraction sialography achieved superior diagnostic information compared with that of MR sialography. (+info)Extracellular matrix molecules in chronic obstructive sialadenitis: an immunocytochemical and Western blot investigation. (6/18)
The exact pathomechanism of inflammation progress and fibrosis in chronic sialadenitis is unknown. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various fibrotic conditions. These factors are thought to be essential in the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover and the development of tissue fibrosis. In the present study, the expression of CTGF, MMP-2, -3, -9, -13 and TIMP-3 was examined in chronic obstructive sialadenitis. Tissue samples of 13 patients with chronic sialadenitis of the submandibular gland associated with sialolithiasis and 4 normal tissue samples of the submandibular gland were analyzed immunohistochemically and by Western blot analysis. An intense CTGF immunoreactivity was observed in the ductal system of inflamed salivary glands, whereas in normal glands no reactivity or a very low CTGF immunoreactivity was present. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a low to strong reactivity of MMP-2, -3, -9, -13, and TIMP-3 in the ductal system, in acinar cells and in lymphomonocytic infiltrates in normal and inflamed tissues. The expression of MMP-2, -3, -9, -13, and TIMP-3 was confirmed by Western blotting in all cases. Over-expression of CTGF in chronic obstructive sialadenitis suggests that this factor may play a role in glandular fibrosis. However, the physiological role of MMP-2, -3, -9, -13, and TIMP-3 in normal glands, as well as their possible role in inflammation progress and fibrosis in chronic obstructive sialadenitis, remains to be elucidated. (+info)Current opinions in sialolithiasis diagnosis and treatment. (7/18)
The introduction, 15 years ago, of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of salivary gland calculi, has changed the therapeutic approach in these patients. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lithotripsy in sialolithiasis, after 10 years follow-up. A review has been made of the literature to establish current opinions in diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis. The role of ultrasonography, radiography and, in particular, of sialomagnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of salivary lithiasis has been evaluated. The greater efficiency of the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment for parotid, compared to submandibular calculi, has been demonstrated (57% versus 33%). In 68% of our patients, lithotripsy was resolutive after 10 years. Ultrasonograpy should be considered first choice examination in diagnosis of salivary calculi. Sialo-magnetic resonance imaging is a recent, non-invasive diagnostic procedure with the advantage of no radiation exposure, and with better definition of anatomical and functional state of glandular parenchyma and duct, compared to other available techniques. (+info)A case report of coexistence of a sialolith and an adenoid cystic carcinoma in the submandibular gland. (8/18)
The occurrence of sialoliths in the submandibular gland is 80% due to the specific anatomy of both the gland and its duct. The diagnosis is rather easy because of the obvious clinical signs of the entity. Imaging studies are always necessary in order to treat the patient as effectively as possible. The stones do not tend to occur within the gland as frequently as in the respective duct. The coexistence of sialoliths and malignant tumors is extremely rare. A 70-year-old woman with intraparenchymal stone was operated in our ENT department. In addition to the sialolith the pathological examination revealed the existence of an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), that extended to the neighboring skeletal muscle. This is the reason why we believe it would be useful to report this case of a large stone (14 mm in diameter) located in the submandibular gland coexisting with ACC. This case report is a very good example illustrating that all available means should be used prior to reaching a conclusion and making a health professional decision. (+info)Salivary gland calculi, also known as salivary duct stones or sialoliths, are small, hard deposits that form in the salivary glands or their ducts. These calculi typically consist of calcium salts and other minerals, and can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter in diameter.
Salivary gland calculi can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing, particularly during meals. The obstruction of the salivary duct by the calculus can lead to infection or inflammation of the salivary gland (sialadenitis).
The most common location for salivary gland calculi is in the submandibular gland and its duct, followed by the parotid gland and then the sublingual gland. Treatment options for salivary gland calculi include conservative management with hydration, massage, and warm compresses, as well as more invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, sialendoscopy, or surgical removal of the calculus.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.
"Calculi" is a medical term that refers to abnormal concretions or hard masses formed within the body, usually in hollow organs or cavities. These masses are typically composed of minerals such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium ammonium phosphate, and can vary in size from tiny granules to large stones. The plural form of the Latin word "calculus" (meaning "pebble"), calculi are commonly known as "stones." They can occur in various locations within the body, including the kidneys, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and prostate gland. The presence of calculi can cause a range of symptoms, such as pain, obstruction, infection, or inflammation, depending on their size, location, and composition.
Urinary calculi, also known as kidney stones or nephrolithiasis, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the urinary system. These calculi can develop in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
The formation of urinary calculi typically occurs when there is a concentration of certain substances, such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or struvite, in the urine. When these substances become highly concentrated, they can crystallize and form small seeds that gradually grow into larger stones over time.
The size of urinary calculi can vary from tiny, sand-like particles to large stones that can fill the entire renal pelvis. The symptoms associated with urinary calculi depend on the stone's size, location, and whether it is causing a blockage in the urinary tract. Common symptoms include severe pain in the flank, lower abdomen, or groin; nausea and vomiting; blood in the urine (hematuria); fever and chills; and frequent urge to urinate or painful urination.
Treatment for urinary calculi depends on the size and location of the stone, as well as the severity of symptoms. Small stones may pass spontaneously with increased fluid intake and pain management. Larger stones may require medical intervention, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to break up or remove the stone. Preventive measures include maintaining adequate hydration, modifying dietary habits, and taking medications to reduce the risk of stone formation.
Ureteral calculi, also known as ureteric stones or ureteral stones, refer to the presence of solid mineral deposits (calculi) within the ureters, the tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. These calculi can vary in size and composition, and their formation is often associated with conditions such as dehydration, urinary tract infections, or metabolic disorders. Ureteral calculi may cause symptoms like severe pain, hematuria (blood in the urine), and obstruction of urine flow, potentially leading to serious complications if left untreated.
Kidney calculi, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. They can range in size from a grain of sand to a golf ball. When they're small enough, they can be passed through your urine without causing too much discomfort. However, larger stones may block the flow of urine, causing severe pain and potentially leading to serious complications such as urinary tract infections or kidney damage if left untreated.
The formation of kidney calculi is often associated with factors like dehydration, high levels of certain minerals in your urine, family history, obesity, and certain medical conditions such as gout or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms of kidney stones typically include severe pain in the back, side, lower abdomen, or groin; nausea and vomiting; fever and chills if an infection is present; and blood in the urine. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the stone but may include medications to help pass the stone, shock wave lithotripsy to break up the stone, or surgical removal of the stone in severe cases.
Urinary bladder calculi, also known as bladder stones, refer to the formation of solid mineral deposits within the urinary bladder. These calculi develop when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together, forming a stone. Bladder stones can vary in size, ranging from tiny sand-like particles to larger ones that can occupy a significant portion of the bladder's volume.
Bladder stones typically form as a result of underlying urinary tract issues, such as bladder infection, enlarged prostate, nerve damage, or urinary retention. Symptoms may include lower abdominal pain, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, blood in the urine, and sudden, strong urges to urinate. If left untreated, bladder stones can lead to complications like urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the stones or using other minimally invasive procedures to break them up and remove the fragments.
Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.
Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.
Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.
Dental calculus, also known as tartar, is a hardened deposit that forms on the surface of teeth. It's composed of mineralized plaque, which is a sticky film containing bacteria, saliva, and food particles. Over time, the minerals in saliva can cause the plaque to harden into calculus, which cannot be removed by brushing or flossing alone. Dental calculus can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease if not regularly removed by a dental professional through a process called scaling and root planing.
Minor salivary glands are numerous small exocrine glands that produce saliva and are distributed throughout the oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses. They are classified as "minor" due to their smaller size compared to the three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual). The minor salivary glands are primarily mucous glands, although some contain serous cells. They are responsible for producing approximately 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. These glands help moisten the oral cavity, protect the mucosal lining, and facilitate speaking, chewing, and swallowing.
Salivary gland diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the function and structure of the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the mouth and throat. The major salivary glands include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
There are several types of salivary gland diseases, including:
1. Salivary Gland Infections: These are usually caused by bacteria or viruses that infect the gland, ducts, or surrounding tissues. The most common infection is called sialadenitis, which can cause pain, swelling, redness, and difficulty swallowing.
2. Salivary Gland Stones (Sialolithiasis): These are small, hard deposits that form in the ducts of the salivary glands, causing blockages and leading to swelling, pain, and infection.
3. Salivary Gland Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can develop in the salivary glands. Benign tumors are usually slow-growing and cause localized swelling, while malignant tumors may be more aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
4. Salivary Gland Dysfunction: This refers to conditions that affect the production or flow of saliva, such as Sjogren's syndrome, radiation therapy, dehydration, or certain medications.
5. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like Sjogren's syndrome, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis can affect the salivary glands and cause inflammation, dry mouth, and other symptoms.
6. Salivary Gland Trauma: Injuries to the face or neck can damage the salivary glands and lead to swelling, bleeding, or decreased function.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland diseases require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional, often involving imaging studies, laboratory tests, and biopsies. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, radiation therapy, or changes in medication or lifestyle.
The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.
Salivary duct calculi, also known as salivary gland stones or salivary duct stones, are small, hard deposits that form in the salivary glands or their ducts. These stones typically consist of calcium salts and other minerals, and they can range in size from tiny grains to larger pebbles.
Salivary duct calculi can cause a variety of symptoms, including pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. They may also lead to infection or inflammation of the salivary glands. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the stones and relieve the associated symptoms.
The formation of salivary duct calculi is thought to be related to a variety of factors, including dehydration, decreased saliva production, and changes in the composition of saliva. People who have certain medical conditions, such as gout or hyperparathyroidism, may also be at increased risk for developing these stones.
Lithotripsy is a medical procedure that uses shock waves or other high-energy sound waves to break down and remove calculi (stones) in the body, particularly in the kidneys, ureters, or gallbladder. The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and does not require any incisions.
During lithotripsy, the patient lies on a cushioned table while a lithotripter, a device that generates shock waves, is positioned around the area of the stone. As the shock waves pass through the body, they break the stone into tiny fragments that can then be easily passed out of the body in urine.
Lithotripsy is generally a safe and effective procedure, but it may not be suitable for everyone. Patients with certain medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders or pregnancy, may not be able to undergo lithotripsy. Additionally, some stones may be too large or too dense to be effectively treated with lithotripsy. In these cases, other treatment options, such as surgery, may be necessary.
Salivary gland
Sialography
Parotitis
Calculus (medicine)
Calculus (dental)
Salivary gland fistula
List of MeSH codes (C23)
List of adverse effects of paroxetine
Sialoendoscopy
Parotidectomy
Xerostomia
Sialolithiasis
Sialadenitis
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
Oral medicine
List of MeSH codes (C07)
Uremia
Oral microbiology
Anticoagulant
Fluoride therapy
Geriatric dentistry
List of Italian inventions and discoveries
Index of oral health and dental articles
Nervous system
Zinc
Toothache
Uric acid
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Sialolithiasis12
- Sialolithiasis" is characterized by a painful swelling of the affected gland when eating due to an obstructing stones within the salivary glands or ducts. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Patients with sialolithiasis should be initially treated with hydration, warm compresses, and gland massage. (medscape.com)
- These stones are referred to as salivary gland stone or Salivary Duct Stones, Salivary Calculi and Sialolithiasis. (newhealthguide.org)
- In addition to pain and glandular swelling, patients with sialolithiasis or sialadenitis can also present with fever, trismus, difficulty swallowing, local erythema, change in salivary flow/consistency, or leukocytosis. (aneskey.com)
- Sialolithiasis is the condition in which stones (calculi) form within a salivary duct, leading to obstruction. (aneskey.com)
- 1 Sialolithiasis is characterized by recurrent pain and swelling of the gland, often exacerbated at mealtime, when salivary flow is greatest. (aneskey.com)
- Sialolithiasis is a leading cause of sialadenitis, or inflammation of the salivary gland(s). (aneskey.com)
- The clinical diagnosis of sialolithiasis can be difficult, because a stone may not be evident unless obstruction of a salivary duct and subsequent gland swelling/sialadenitis occurs. (aneskey.com)
- Sialolithiasis is the formation of stones within the salivary gland or ducts that drain the salivary gland, and it is the most common disease of the salivary glands, [1] affecting 12 in 1000 of the adult population. (annalsafrmed.org)
- [3] , [5] Submandibular sialolithiasis is more common as its saliva is more alkaline, has an increased concentration of calcium and phosphate and has a higher mucous content than saliva of the parotid and sublingual glands. (annalsafrmed.org)
- Discussion: In the absence of an obvious or probable etiology, a family history of sialolithiasis suggests a genetic or familial origin for bilateral submandibular gland lithiasis. (bvsalud.org)
- Sialolithiasis (salivary gland stones) and chronic sialadenitis are the most common nonneoplastic disease of salivary gland. (entanand.com)
Sialadenitis18
- Sialadenitis" is inflammation of the salivary gland classified as acute or chronic sialadenitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Chronic sialadenitis is due to repeated episodes of inflammation resulting in progressive loss of salivary gland function. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Parotid gland and submandibular glands are commonly affected by sialadenitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- However, parotid gland is affected mostly by acute suppurative sialadenitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Medicine Central , im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688665/all/Salivary_Gland_Calculi_Sialadenitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Sialadenitis of the submandibular gland is a relatively commonly encountered yet infrequently discussed topic. (medscape.com)
- Although not as frequent as sialadenitis of the parotid gland, it represents an important area of clinical relevance to the otolaryngologist and other specialists. (medscape.com)
- The following discusses the basic science of the submandibular gland, as well as the more common causes of sialadenitis and sialadenosis of the submandibular gland. (medscape.com)
- A prospective study by Choi et al indicated that following salivary stimulation therapy, patients with radioactive iodine (RAI)-induced sialadenitis may undergo a subjective reduction in symptoms but will not experience significant improvement in salivary gland function. (medscape.com)
- A study by Kim et al of 33 patients (58 salivary glands) with chronic obstructive sialadenitis indicated that intraductal irrigation can relieve symptoms of the condition. (medscape.com)
- sialitis:.Chronic nonspecific sialadenitis consists of a persistent inflammatory swelling of a major salivary gland, often characterized by recurrent exacerbations. (wordinfo.info)
- Chronic Sialadenitis can occur in the salivary glands without any obvious cause. (entthyroid.com.au)
- Submandibular sialadenitis is a situation through which the submandibular gland, one of many main salivary glands, will get infected. (moringatr.com)
- Medications that reduce salivary flow, especially those with anticholinergic properties, can also contribute to the development of sialadenitis. (aneskey.com)
- Parotitis, which is sialadenitis limited to the parotid gland, often results from dehydration, obstruction, or retrograde migration of bacteria through the duct. (aneskey.com)
- In sialadenitis, palpation of the gland often leads to expression of pus from the intraoral gland orifice. (aneskey.com)
- Does calculus-related chronic sialadenitis represent a risk state for adenoid cystic carcinoma? (pocketdentistry.com)
- Jan 27, 2018 by drzezo in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Comments Off on Does calculus-related chronic sialadenitis represent a risk state for adenoid cystic carcinoma? (pocketdentistry.com)
Pairs of major salivary glands1
- You have three pairs of major salivary glands in your mouth. (healthline.com)
Ducts that drain the salivary1
- Salivary duct stones are deposits of minerals in the ducts that drain the salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
Produce saliva5
- The salivary glands in many vertebrates including mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. (wikipedia.org)
- This is because your salivary glands produce saliva to facilitate eating. (healthline.com)
- The salivary glands produce saliva to facilitate eating. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- The salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva to moisten the mouth, aid digestion, and help protect the teeth from decay. (annalsafrmed.org)
- Exocrine glands that produce saliva and empty into the mouth. (navydds.com)
Disease of the salivary glands1
- Significant abnormality or disease of the salivary glands, such as that associated with Sjögren syndrome or neoplasm, necessitates additional evaluation by an otolaryngologist or an otolaryngologist/head and neck surgeon for comprehensive treatment of the gland pathology itself. (medscape.com)
Common Salivary gland1
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), one of the most common salivary gland malignancies, is rare in children. (9lib.co)
Sublingual gland1
- The parotids produce the most fluid saliva, as they are composed of serous acini, with the sublingual gland producing mucus from mucous acini. (medscape.com)
Stones36
- The submandibular gland is more commonly affected (80-90% of cases) by stones than the parotid gland due to higher mucinous content of saliva, longer course of Wharton duct, and slow salivary flow against gravity. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Salivary duct stones are masses of crystallized minerals that form in the tubes that saliva passes through after it's made in your salivary glands. (healthline.com)
- Because salivary duct stones cause mouth pain, both doctors and dentists can diagnose this condition and provide medical treatment if necessary. (healthline.com)
- What are the symptoms of salivary duct stones? (healthline.com)
- The main symptom of salivary duct stones is pain in your face, mouth, or neck that becomes worse just before or during meals. (healthline.com)
- When these stones block your salivary ducts, saliva builds up in the glands, which makes them swell. (healthline.com)
- Where do salivary duct stones occur? (healthline.com)
- Salivary duct stones occur most often in the ducts connected to your submandibular glands. (healthline.com)
- Stones can also form in the ducts connected to the parotid glands, which are located on each side of your face in front of your ears. (healthline.com)
- The stones in the submandibular glands are usually bigger than the ones that form in the parotid glands. (healthline.com)
- How are salivary duct stones diagnosed? (healthline.com)
- Your doctor or dentist will examine your head and neck to check for swollen salivary glands and salivary duct stones. (healthline.com)
- How are salivary duct stones treated? (healthline.com)
- Treatment for salivary duct stones involves activities to get rid of the stones. (healthline.com)
- Our results clearly validate the ability of polyphenols to protect against papillary calcification of kidney tissue, consequently preventing the development of papillary calculi [kidney stones]. (oil-testimonials.com)
- Salivary duct stones are a type of salivary gland disorder . (medlineplus.gov)
- Salivary stones most often affect the submandibular glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- A technique called sialendoscopy, can diagnose and treat stones in the salivary gland duct using very small cameras and instruments. (medlineplus.gov)
- If stones become infected or come back often, you may need surgery to remove the salivary gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most of the time, salivary duct stones cause only pain or discomfort, but at times become infected. (medlineplus.gov)
- Contact your provider if you have symptoms of salivary duct stones. (medlineplus.gov)
- Within the salivary glands, there can be one or more stones that form. (newhealthguide.org)
- When these stones form, they do so in the salivary ducts, which leads to blockage. (newhealthguide.org)
- Those who do suffer with salivary gland stones often do so with the sub-mandibular glands. (newhealthguide.org)
- There are those people who still have salivary gland stones, yet they never show any symptoms. (newhealthguide.org)
- When these chemicals crystallize, they form stones that can clog the salivary glands in the mouth. (newhealthguide.org)
- These stones can block the glands from releasing saliva, which then causes pain and swelling since the saliva cannot get out. (newhealthguide.org)
- When a doctor looks in the area, they may probe the areas, which the person will then feel a lot of tenderness, which leads doctors to the assessment that salivary gland stones are to blame. (newhealthguide.org)
- To evaluate the application of minimally invasive techniques in the management of salivary stones. (qxmd.com)
- The incidence of salivary calculi is 60 cases/million/year, with most stones situated in the mid or proximal duct. (qxmd.com)
- They are reliable ways of both retrieving stones and eliminating symptoms, and mean that the gland rarely has to be removed. (qxmd.com)
- Symptoms of salivary duct stones include getting pain in the face, mouth, or neck that becomes worse just before or during meals. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- Salivary gland disorders represent a diverse group of conditions ranging from inflammation of the salivary glands secondary to obstruction by stones (calculi) to a variety of benign and malignant tumours. (entthyroid.com.au)
- Approximately 80% to 85% of stones occur in the submandibular gland, 15% in the parotid gland, and greater than 5% in the sublingual and other glands ( Figure 12.2 ). (aneskey.com)
- Gout is the only systemic disorder known to predispose to salivary gland stone formation although in gout the stones are made predominantly of uric acid. (annalsafrmed.org)
- Salivary gland Endoscopic Surgery (SES) is used to remove multiple stones from salivary ducts, intraductal masses and salivary sand (infected particles) from duct, dilate strictures, treat juvenile recurrent parotitis in children and to prevent external excision of salivary gland. (entanand.com)
Chronic4
- Squamous metaplasia is usually the result of chronic irritation, but it can have other causes (e.g., hypovitamnosis A). In the salivary ducts, metaplasia of the normally cuboidal ductal epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium has been seen in response to chemicals, ionizing radiation, viral infections, vitamin A deficiency, and blockage of ducts by salivary calculi. (nih.gov)
- Salivary gland, Duct - Metaplasia, Squamous in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
- The majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland or its duct and are a common cause of acute and chronic infections. (jdmfs.org)
- Chronic parotitis destroys the glandular elements of the salivary glands and impairs the protective functions of saliva, leading to dental infections and caries. (medscape.com)
Management of salivary2
- Outcome of minimally invasive management of salivary calculi in 4,691 patients. (qxmd.com)
- The team also specialises in the management of salivary gland and thyroid tumours (St Vincent's is usually the only centre in Victoria performing minimally invasive surgery for salivary calculi). (svph.org.au)
Inflammation3
- Predisposing factors include inflammation of the salivary gland or duct, salivary stasis, retrograde bacterial contamination from the oral cavity, increased alkalinity of saliva, and physical trauma to salivary duct or gland. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Inflammation of one or more of these glands is called parotitis, or parotiditis. (medlineplus.gov)
- The parotid is the gland most commonly affected by inflammation. (aneskey.com)
Produced by the submandibular2
- Around 70% of saliva in the oral cavity is produced by the submandibular glands, though they are much smaller than the parotid glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Additional research suggests that changes may occur in the viscoelasticity of saliva with aging, particularly in saliva produced by the submandibular and sublingual glands. (medscape.com)
Tongue9
- The sublingual glands are a pair of major salivary glands located inferior to the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Around 800 to 1,000 minor salivary glands are located throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa of the oral mucosa in the tissue of the buccal, labial, and lingual mucosa, the soft palate, the lateral parts of the hard palate, and the floor of the mouth or between muscle fibers of the tongue. (wikipedia.org)
- Von Ebner's glands are found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the terminal sulcus. (wikipedia.org)
- The sublingual glands, under the tongue, produce about 5% of the total oral saliva. (medscape.com)
- The minor glands are primarily mucous producing, except those under the tongue, which produce serous fluid. (medscape.com)
- Submandibular glands -- These two glands are located just under both sides of the jaw and carry saliva up to the floor of mouth under the tongue. (medlineplus.gov)
- The examination should include inspection of the floor of the mouth, all surfaces of the tongue, the salivary glands and ducts, and the lymph nodes of the neck in order to detect pathology. (sandalwooddentalclinic.com)
- It's easy to get plaque buildup here because these teeth are close to our salivary glands, which are under our tongue. (unugtp.is)
- When MEC appears as asymptomatic swellings in minor salivary glands, being the second most common site of occurrence after the parotid gland, it can be located on palate, in retromolar area, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, lips, and tongue [2-5]. (9lib.co)
Oral cavity4
- They produce 20% of the total salivary content in the oral cavity. (wikipedia.org)
- About 5% of saliva entering the oral cavity comes from these glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The minor salivary glands are scattered along the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lips, mucosa of the oral cavity, pharynx, and hard palate. (medscape.com)
- In addition to the major glands there are hundreds of tiny little salivary glands which are peppered underneath the mucosa of the oral cavity. (entthyroid.com.au)
Excision of the gland1
- For these conditions total excision of the gland was the only solution available till now. (entanand.com)
Outflow2
- Infection of the salivary glands can also be secondary to obstruction of the outflow tract by a calculus (calcified stone). (entthyroid.com.au)
- Salivary calculus or stone obstructing the outflow through a salivary gland duct, leading to pain and swelling. (aneskey.com)
Neck3
- This gland can usually be felt via palpation of the neck, as it is in the superficial cervical region and feels like a rounded ball. (wikipedia.org)
- The health care provider or dentist will do an exam of your head and neck to look for one or more enlarged, tender salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
- Epithelial salivary gland neoplasms are rare both in adults and children, accounting for less than 3% of all head and neck tumors. (9lib.co)
Symptoms2
- What Are the Symptoms of Salivary Gland Stone? (newhealthguide.org)
- Salivary glands were removed in 134/4,691 (2.9%) of patients with symptoms in whom treatment failed. (qxmd.com)
Glandular2
- Glandular function after intraoral removal of salivary calculi from the hilum of the submandibular gland. (bvsalud.org)
- We conclude that glandular function improves to varying degrees in most patients after the removal of a salivary calculus . (bvsalud.org)
Disorders1
- Inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
Local anesthesia2
- The lesion was submitted to surgical excision under local anesthesia and the submandibular gland was maintened. (bvsalud.org)
- Dr. Anand performing Salivary Endoscopy under local anesthesia,Large salivary calculi in the submandibular area. (entanand.com)
Blockage1
- It's the most common cause of blockage in the salivary ducts. (healthline.com)
Pathology1
- Salivary gland Endoscopic Surgery (SES) is a relatively new OP based procedure, that allows endoscopic trans-luminal visualization of major salivary glands and offers a mechanism for diagnosing and treating both inflammatory and obstructive pathology related to the ductal system. (entanand.com)
Minor glands3
- The salivary system is composed of 3 major gland sets and multiple minor glands. (medscape.com)
- Approximately 1000 minor glands, localized to the cheeks, lips, and other intraoral mucosa, contribute about 7% to the whole saliva volume. (medscape.com)
- MEC mainly occurs in the parotid gland, along with minor glands being the second common site, particularly in palate. (9lib.co)
20202
- A proposed fourth pair of salivary glands, the tubarial glands, were first identified in 2020. (wikipedia.org)
- The glands were unknown until September 2020, when they were discovered by a group of Dutch scientists using prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT. (wikipedia.org)
Submandibular duct1
- In addition, the submandibular duct is longer and the gland has an antigravity flow. (annalsafrmed.org)
Ductal1
- Unlike the other two major glands, the ductal system of the sublingual glands does not have intercalated ducts and usually does not have striated ducts, either, so saliva exits directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as the Rivinus ducts. (wikipedia.org)
Infection5
- Mumps is a viral infection, caused by infection in the parotid gland. (wikipedia.org)
- It is sometimes the result of an infection secondary to duct obstruction, for instance by a calculus. (wordinfo.info)
- This may cause pain, swelling, or an infection of the gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- Acute an infection is often bacterial in nature, whereas power irritation is often associated to calculi formation and lowered saliva, as a consequence of varied causes. (moringatr.com)
- Pyogenic infection of the parotid glands and ducts. (medscape.com)
Teeth1
- Removal of plaque, calculus, and stain from teeth. (navydds.com)
Tumours1
- Salivary gland tumours can present with a lump or pain in any of the salivary glands. (entthyroid.com.au)
Surgery4
- Offering unparalleled coverage of this key area, Surgery of the Salivary Glands provides an in-depth, authoritative review of salivary gland disease and treatment . (bookbaz.ir)
- The maxillofacial surgeons decided to remove the calculus surgically, but the patient refused surgery and then defaulted from subsequent follow-up visits. (annalsafrmed.org)
- At MCV ENT Trust hospital we have added Salivary gland Endoscopic Surgery (SES) to our armamentarium for the treatment of these diseases by using micro endoscopes. (entanand.com)
- We brought Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) to South India in 1990, now we are bringing Salivary gland Endoscopic Surgery (SES) in 2013. (entanand.com)
Stone19
- Gout associated with salivary stone development. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The stone is often referred to as salivary duct calculus and mainly occurs in middle-aged adults. (healthline.com)
- Massaging the gland with heat -- The provider or dentist may be able to push the stone out of the duct. (medlineplus.gov)
- The stone will block the saliva that flows, meaning a person can experience intense pain and swelling in the gland that has the stone. (newhealthguide.org)
- A salivary gland stone is a crystallized chemical that is found in saliva. (newhealthguide.org)
- When a person has a salivary gland stone, most often they know this by the pain and swelling they suffer from in the gland area. (newhealthguide.org)
- This is what happens when the stone is completely blocking the gland. (newhealthguide.org)
- What Are the Causes of Salivary Gland Stone? (newhealthguide.org)
- How Is a Salivary Gland Stone Diagnosed? (newhealthguide.org)
- There are several ways in which a salivary gland stone can be diagnosed. (newhealthguide.org)
- What Are the Treatments for Salivary Gland Stone? (newhealthguide.org)
- There are several ways in which a salivary gland stone can be treated. (newhealthguide.org)
- This paper reports the results of minimally invasive methods of stone removal that avoid gland excision. (qxmd.com)
- A salivary gland stone is a calcified structure that forms inside a salivary gland or duct. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- 1. How does a salivary duct stone feel? (medicoverhospitals.in)
- 2. Can you squeeze out a salivary stone? (medicoverhospitals.in)
- An obstructing stone often presents with unilateral salivary gland swelling and worsening pain or swelling that occurs with eating. (aneskey.com)
- [2] It should be noted that stone formation in the salivary glands is not associated with systemic abnormalities of calcium metabolism. (annalsafrmed.org)
- Sialogram showed 19X20 mm stone near hilum of left submandibular gland. (entanand.com)
Mucous4
- Salivary glands can be classified as serous, mucous, or seromucous (mixed). (wikipedia.org)
- The secretion produced is mainly mucous in nature, but it is categorized as a mixed gland. (wikipedia.org)
- The tubarial glands are suggested as a fourth pair of salivary glands situated posteriorly in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity, predominantly with mucous glands, and its ducts opening into the dorsolateral pharyngeal wall. (wikipedia.org)
- The submandibular glands produce both serous and mucous saliva. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
- [ 1 ] This article reviews basic salivary anatomy and physiology, several important diseases affecting the glands, salivary constituents as measures of health, trends in diagnosis, and the management of xerostomia and drooling. (medscape.com)
- The association of clinical and radiographic findings led to the diagnosis of salivary calculus. (bvsalud.org)
Removal3
- The other 4 patients had repeated infections that necessitated removal of the gland under general anaesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
- There was a significant increase in the functional fraction and the excretion rate in the gland after removal of the calculus . (bvsalud.org)
- Elevated temperature .C, difficulty swallowing, and salivary gland calculi are not as ill at the time of removal. (albionfoundation.org)
Swollen1
- Following treatment of thyroid cancers with iodine 131 salivary gland ducts get swollen and patient gets recurrent painful swellings. (entanand.com)
Hilum1
- We studied 43 patients (25 women and 18 men ) who had salivary calculi removed from the hilum of the submandibular gland . (bvsalud.org)
Swelling of the affected1
- Patients with salivary gland disease often present to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care setting with acute onset of pain or swelling of the affected salivary gland. (aneskey.com)
Occur2
- [ 7 ] age-related decline in saliva output was found to occur in the stimulated parotid, unstimulated submandibular/sublingual, and stimulated submandibular/sublingual glands. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial infections can occur when the gland is filled with stagnant saliva. (healthline.com)
Inflammatory1
- A disease of the salivary gland: A condition of sialadeuosis refers to a non-inflammatory growth and swelling of the salivary glands. (wordinfo.info)
Saliva cannot3
- When saliva cannot flow through a duct, it backs up in the gland, causing swelling and pain. (healthline.com)
- When saliva cannot exit a blocked duct, it backs up into the gland. (medlineplus.gov)
- When saliva cannot flow through a duct, it builds up in the gland and causes swelling and pain. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Mouth12
- This discovery may explain mouth dryness after radiotherapy despite the avoidance of the three major glands. (wikipedia.org)
- Problems with dentures are sometimes associated with minor salivary glands if dry mouth is present. (wikipedia.org)
- The duct of the submandibular gland, also known as the Wharton duct, exits the gland from the deep lobe, passing through the floor of the mouth, and opening in close proximity to the lingual frenulum. (medscape.com)
- These are the glands located on both sides of your jaw in the back of your mouth. (healthline.com)
- A salivary gland: Arthur read in his biology book that the glands producing or secreting saliva in one's mouth were termed sialadens ! (wordinfo.info)
- Spit (saliva) is produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sublingual glands -- These two glands are located just under the front area of the floor of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- The parotid gland is drained by Stensen duct, which passes over the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator muscle, then drains into the mouth through an opening in the buccal mucosa near the second maxillary molar on each side. (aneskey.com)
- The submandibular glands are located in the submandibular triangle just under the mandible and drain into the midline floor of the mouth, just behind the incisors, via Wharton duct ( Figure 12.1 ). (aneskey.com)
- The submandibular gland is inferior to the mandible and is drained by Wharton duct, which empties into the floor of the mouth. (aneskey.com)
- 6 The physical exam should include a bimanual palpation of the floor of the mouth, pushing up on the submandibular gland with one hand while intraorally palpating the floor of mouth with the other. (aneskey.com)
- An affected gland is firm or tender, and in the case of submandibular gland swelling, the floor of the mouth may be elevated, tender, or inflamed. (aneskey.com)
Incidence1
- It is the most common cause of salivary gland swelling, with an incidence of 1 in 10 000 to 30 000. (aneskey.com)
Abscess1
- Incision into a salivary gland: A sialadenotomy may be performed to drain an abscess or to remove a calculus. (wordinfo.info)
Major9
- Humans have three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The salivary glands are detailed below: The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- The submandibular glands (previously known as submaxillary glands) are a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the lower jaws, superior to the digastric muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- They are 1 to 2 mm in diameter and unlike the major glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue, only surrounded by it. (wikipedia.org)
- The submandibular gland, along with the parotid and sublingual glands, comprise the major salivary glands. (medscape.com)
- The submandibular gland is the second largest (approximate weight, 10 g) of the major salivary glands (the parotid gland is the largest). (medscape.com)
- Dentists are involved with aspects of salivary gland function in several ways, such as diagnosing problems involving the major and minor salivary glands, in the management of oral dryness associated with salivary problems, in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease resulting from decreased salivary flow, and in controlling salivation during restorative procedures. (medscape.com)
- More recent research, however, suggests that salivary function in the major glands may diminish with increasing age. (medscape.com)
- Sialadenectomy usually concerns one of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid and submandibular glands. (wordinfo.info)
Sialoliths1
- Objective: Sialoliths or salivary gland duct calculus are the most common pathologies of the salivary gland. (jdmfs.org)