Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.
A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.
A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.
Infections with bacteria of the family Fusobacteriaceae, in the order Fusobacterales, phylum FUSOBACTERIA.
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.
A genus of anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria in the family Fusobacteriaceae. Some species cause BACTEREMIA and some intra-amniotic infections.
Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.
Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.
Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination.
Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA.
Excision of one or both of the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Infections with species of the genus MYCOPLASMA.
Contraceptive devices placed high in the uterine fundus.
Intrauterine contraceptive devices that depend on the release of metallic copper.
Intrauterine devices that release contraceptive agents.
Spontaneous loss of INTRAUTERINE DEVICES from the UTERUS.
The shifting in position or location of an INTRAUTERINE DEVICE from its original placement.
A hole or break through the wall of the UTERUS, usually made by the placement of an instrument or INTRAUTERINE DEVICES.
Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Evaluation of ofloxacin in the treatment of laparoscopically documented acute pelvic inflammatory disease (salpingitis). (1/100)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous and oral ofloxacin monotherapy in the treatment of laparoscopically documented acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). METHODS: This study was conducted as an open-label, phase-III, uncontrolled, multicenter study. Patients identified with laparoscopic findings of salpingitis were treated with 400 mg of intravenous ofloxacin every 12 hours followed by 400 mg of oral ofloxacin every 12 hours for 10 to 14 days. Patients were evaluated five times for clinical and microbial efficacy. Since laparoscopy was performed only at admission, pathogens identified laparoscopically were presumed eradicated if they were present on the laparoscopic culture and the patient was clinically cured or improved at final evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 70 patients evaluable for safety (intent-to-treat population), the mean age was 25.6 years. Sixty-one of 70 patients (87%) were cured, one improved, one did not improve, and seven were unevaluable because they discontinued study participation. Fifty-one were evaluable for clinical efficacy: 50 (98%) were cured and one did not improve. Sixteen were evaluable for expanded microbiological efficacy: three had documented Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 12, Chlamydia trachomatis; and one, a mixed infection of both organisms. All cervical, laparoscopic, and endometrial cultured pathogens, including N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, were eradicated or presumed eradicated at the posttherapy visit. No serious or unexpected adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Ofloxacin monotherapy was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of laparoscopically proven PID in a geographically diverse population. Future studies are necessary to evaluate long-term outcomes and sequelae of PID treatment with single agent therapy.  (+info)

Chlamydia trachomatis in acute salpingitis. (2/100)

In a study to evaluate the possible role of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in acute salpingitis, 26% of 106 patients with severe symptoms had positive culture results for C. trachomatis; 43% of the 72 patients from whom paired sera were obtained had either positive culture results for or seroconversion in the single antigen immunofluorescence test to C. trachomatis. Twenty-six per cent of patients harboured N. gohorrhoeae and 14% had gonococcal complement-fixing antibody titres greater than or equal to 8. Intrauterine devices were used by 48% of patients, no difference being found in the frequency of use between patients harbouring C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae. The possible role of C. trachomatis should be considered in the treatment of acute salpingitis.  (+info)

Gynaecology and general surgery. (3/100)

The gynaecological disorders most likely to be met by the general surgeon are those that present with acute abdominal symptoms and those unexpectedly encountered at laparotomy. The former group includes ectopic pregnancy, acute salpingitis, and complications of ovarian cysts and abortion and the latter endometriosis, ovarian tumours, and myomatosis. The characteristics and treatment of these various conditions are described and principles outlined for the guidance of the general surgeon in dealing with gynaecological problem.  (+info)

Salpingitis in Pekin ducks associated with concurrent infection with Tetratrichomonas sp. and Escherichia coli. (4/100)

Increased mortality (1.5% per week) and low egg production (5-10% lower than normal) were observed in a flock of domestic breeding Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). At necropsy, salpingitis and peritonitis were the most significant findings. Histologically, there was accumulation of necrotic debris in the lumen of the oviduct. Numerous bacteria and trichomonads were observed histologically in the lumen of the vagina and occasionally in the shell gland. Escherichia coli and a trichomonad were isolated from the oviduct. The trichomonads were oval (6-8 microm long, 4.5-6 microm wide) and had 4 anterior flagella and an undulating membrane extending over the entire length of the body, finishing in a long posterior flagellum. Morphology was consistent with trichomonads of the genus Tetratrichomonas. Comparative sequence analysis of the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and the flanking internal transcribed space regions of the trichomonad isolate did not closely match with available sequences of the same region of other trichomonadid protozoa.  (+info)

Salpingitis due to Entamoeba histolytica. (5/100)

We describe the pathology of a unique case of Fallopian tube amebiasis, associated with hydrosalpinx, in a 21-year-old woman. She complained of lower abdominal pain, had a foul-smelling green vaginal discharge and fever during one week. There was a discrete increase in body temperature and a painful abdominal palpation at the lower right side, with signs of local peritoneal irritation. Pathological examination showed a marked dilatation of the fallopian tube and hydrosalpinx. Microscopic examination showed a poorly formed granuloma composed of large macrophages with many Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites inside the fallopian tube. Even though it is a rare disease the correct diagnosis of female genital tract amebiasis is of great importance for the indication of proper therapy.  (+info)

TNF contributes to the immunopathology of perforin/Fas ligand double deficiency. (6/100)

Perforin (pfp)/Fas ligand (FasL) double-deficient mice have previously been shown to be infertile, lose weight and die prematurely due to tissue destruction caused by a significant inflammatory infiltrate of monocytes/macrophages and T cells. Herein we have compared disease progression in mice additionally deficient in the inflammatory mediator TNF. Unlike pfp/FasL double-deficient mice (TNF+/+ pfp-/- gld), mice lacking functional TNF, FasL and pfp (TNF-/- pfp-/- gld) were comparatively fertile, with the majority of mice not suffering severe pancreatitis or hysterosalphingitis in the first 5 months of life. The mean lifespan of TNF-/- pfp-/- gld mice was 217 +/- 79 days compared with 69 +/- 10 days for TNF+/+ pfp-/- gld mice and the majority of moribund TNF-/- pfp-/- gld mice appeared to die as a result of severe pancreatitis, suggesting that loss of TNF was not completely protective. At 8 weeks of age, characteristics associated with the gld phenotype, such as expansion of B220+ CD4- CD8- T cells, lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia were comparable between TNF+/+ pfp-/- gld and TNF-/- pfp-/- gld mice, although the lymphoid organs of TNF+/+ pfp-/- gld mice contained greater numbers of B220+ CD4- CD8- T cells, macrophages and T cells. We conclude that TNF is necessary for the full manifestation of immune dysregulation caused by pfp/FasL-deficiency, in particular in the early and overwhelming tissue infiltration and destruction caused by inflammatory cells.  (+info)

Prostitution in Sheffield. (7/100)

Prostitution in Sheffield, a city with over half a million population, has been reviewed in its legal, social work, and medical aspects. The years studied were 1960-73. The medical studies were confined to the years 1968-72. Prosecutions for soliciting increased steadily during the study period. The trend was more marked locally than nationally and was associated both with increased police activity and, more recently, with the pursuit of a socially-aware sentencing, probationary, and social work policy. During the 5-year medical study, sixty prostitutes were seen. Using gonorrhoea as an index they were found to hazard the health of both themselves and others. Recurrent infection was the rule amongst them and 40 per cent. suffered salpingitis. In epidemiological terms our findings show that the vector role of prostitutes continues undiminished. The alleged decline in their role is relative only and not real. They accounted for one in six of locally acquired gonococcal infections in heterosexual men. The study indicates the need for the regular monitoring of the social phenomenon or prostitution and for the detailed study of all its aspects on a national basis.  (+info)

Etiology of persistent tubo-ovarian abscess in Nairobi, Kenya. (8/100)

OBJECTIVE: To study the microbial etiology of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). METHODS: We recruited 11 women in Nairobi, Kenya who failed antibiotic therapy alone and required surgical drainage of a presumptive TOA. Pus from the nine abscesses and two pyosalpinges were collected and cultured for aerobic, facultative and anaerobic microorganisms. RESULTS: Eleven women suspected of having a TOA were hospitalized and treated for a median of 6 days (range 3-14 days) prior to surgical drainage of the abscess. Nine (82%) specimens were culture positive. Aerobes were present in all nine specimens. Seven of the nine positive cultures (78%) were polymicrobial and five of the polymicrobial cultures contained both anaerobes and aerobes. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (Prevotella sp., Porphyromonas sp. and Bacteroides sp., Escherichia coli) and Streptococcus sp. (S. viridans and S. agalactiae) were the most common microorganisms isolated. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were not isolated by culture or detected by polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS: In Kenya, persistent TOAs are associated with endogenous flora similar to that normally found in the gastrointestinal tract.  (+info)

Salpingitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which are the pair of narrow tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation. This condition can occur due to various reasons, including bacterial infections (such as chlamydia or gonorrhea), pelvic inflammatory disease, or complications following surgical procedures.

Acute salpingitis is characterized by symptoms like lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge, and irregular menstrual bleeding. Chronic salpingitis may not present any noticeable symptoms, but it can lead to complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or fallopian tube damage if left untreated. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and, in severe cases, surgery to remove or repair damaged tissues.

Endometritis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the endometrium, which is the innermost layer of the uterus. It is often caused by infections, such as bacterial or fungal infections, that enter the uterus through various routes, including childbirth, miscarriage, or surgical procedures.

The symptoms of endometritis may include abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, fever, and abdominal cramping. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or sepsis. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics to clear the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and promote healing.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of endometritis, as prompt treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the reproductive organs in women, specifically the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries. It is often caused by an infection that ascends from the cervix or vagina into the upper genital tract. The infectious agents are usually sexually transmitted bacteria such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, but other organisms can also be responsible.

Symptoms of PID may include lower abdominal pain, irregular menstrual bleeding, vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, fever, painful sexual intercourse, or pain in the lower back. However, some women with PID may not experience any symptoms at all. If left untreated, PID can lead to serious complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.

Diagnosis of PID is typically based on a combination of clinical findings, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection and may also include pain management and other supportive measures. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary for more intensive treatment or if complications arise.

The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of slender tubular structures in the female reproductive system. They play a crucial role in human reproduction by providing a passageway for the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the uterus (womb).

Each Fallopian tube is typically around 7.6 to 10 centimeters long and consists of four parts: the interstitial part, the isthmus, the ampulla, and the infundibulum. The fimbriated end of the infundibulum, which resembles a fringe or frill, surrounds and captures the released egg from the ovary during ovulation.

Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla when sperm meets the egg after sexual intercourse. Once fertilized, the zygote (fertilized egg) travels through the Fallopian tube toward the uterus for implantation and further development. The cilia lining the inner surface of the Fallopian tubes help propel the egg and the zygote along their journey.

In some cases, abnormalities or blockages in the Fallopian tubes can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancies, which are pregnancies that develop outside the uterus, typically within the Fallopian tube itself.

Fusobacteriaceae is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found as normal flora in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. However, under certain circumstances, these bacteria can cause infections, particularly when they invade damaged or inflamed tissues.

Fusobacteriaceae infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, lungs, liver, and female reproductive organs. The most common infection associated with Fusobacterium species is called Lemierre's syndrome, which is a rare but serious condition that typically begins as a sore throat or tonsillitis and can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, joints, and heart.

Other types of Fusobacteriaceae infections include:

* Periodontal disease: Fusobacterium species are commonly found in dental plaque and can contribute to the development of periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss.
* Intra-abdominal infections: Fusobacterium species can cause abscesses and other infections in the abdomen, particularly in people with underlying conditions such as cancer or diabetes.
* Pelvic inflammatory disease: Fusobacterium species have been implicated in some cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a condition that can cause pain, fever, and infertility in women.
* Brain abscesses: Although rare, Fusobacterium species can occasionally spread to the brain and cause abscesses, which are serious infections that require prompt treatment.

Fusobacteriaceae infections are typically treated with antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin, which are effective against anaerobic bacteria. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected tissue.

Chlamydia infections are caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis and can affect multiple body sites, including the genitals, eyes, and respiratory system. The most common type of chlamydia infection is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects the genitals.

In women, chlamydia infections can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and pain in the lower abdomen. In men, symptoms may include discharge from the penis, painful urination, and testicular pain or swelling. However, many people with chlamydia infections do not experience any symptoms at all.

If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In men, chlamydia infections can cause epididymitis, an inflammation of the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, which can also lead to infertility.

Chlamydia infections are diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urine tests and swabs taken from the affected area. Once diagnosed, chlamydia infections can be treated with antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. It is important to note that treatment only clears the infection and does not repair any damage caused by the infection.

Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, getting regular STI screenings, and avoiding sharing towels or other personal items that may come into contact with infected bodily fluids.

Leptotrichia is a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found as part of the normal flora in the oral cavity and urogenital tract of humans and animals. Some species of Leptotrichia have been associated with various infections, including endocarditis, periodontal disease, and bloodstream infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. However, they are generally considered to be commensals and are not typically pathogenic in healthy individuals.

It's important to note that medical definitions can vary depending on the context and source, and this definition may not be all-encompassing or universally accepted.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' is a species of bacterium that is the causative agent of several infectious diseases in humans. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside host cells. The bacteria are transmitted through sexual contact, and can cause a range of genital tract infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and epididymitis. In women, chlamydial infection can also lead to serious complications such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

In addition to genital infections, 'Chlamydia trachomatis' is also responsible for two other diseases: trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Trachoma is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, affecting mostly children in developing countries. It is spread through contact with contaminated hands, clothing, or eye secretions. LGV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes, rectum, and genitals.

'Chlamydia trachomatis' infections are often asymptomatic, making them difficult to diagnose and treat. However, they can be detected through laboratory tests such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline. Prevention measures include safe sex practices, regular screening for STIs, and good hygiene.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as "gono" bacteria. It can infect various parts of the body including the genitals, rectum, and throat. The bacteria are typically transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

Symptoms may vary but often include abnormal discharge from the genitals or rectum, painful or burning sensations during urination, and in women, vaginal bleeding between periods. However, many people with gonorrhea do not develop symptoms, making it essential to get tested regularly if you are sexually active with multiple partners or have unprotected sex.

If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to severe complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, which may result in infertility. In rare cases, it can spread to the bloodstream and cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis.

Gonorrhea is curable with appropriate antibiotic treatment; however, drug-resistant strains of the bacteria have emerged, making accurate diagnosis and effective treatment increasingly challenging. Prevention methods include using condoms during sexual activity and practicing safe sex habits.

Vulvitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation of the vulva, which is the external female genital area including the mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, and the external openings of the urethra and vagina. The inflammation can result from various factors such as infection, allergies, irritants, or skin conditions. Symptoms may include redness, swelling, itching, burning, and pain in the affected area. Treatment for vulvitis depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or avoidance of irritants.

Fallopian tube diseases refer to conditions that affect the function or structure of the Fallopian tubes, which are a pair of narrow tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation and provide a pathway for sperm to reach the egg for fertilization. Some common Fallopian tube diseases include:

1. Salpingitis: This is an inflammation of the Fallopian tubes, usually caused by an infection. The infection can be bacterial, viral, or fungal in origin and can lead to scarring, blockage, or damage to the Fallopian tubes.
2. Hydrosalpinx: This is a condition where one or both of the Fallopian tubes become filled with fluid, leading to swelling and distension of the tube. The cause of hydrosalpinx can be infection, endometriosis, or previous surgery.
3. Endometriosis: This is a condition where the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, including on the Fallopian tubes. This can lead to scarring, adhesions, and blockage of the tubes.
4. Ectopic pregnancy: This is a pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tube. An ectopic pregnancy can cause the Fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.
5. Tubal ligation: This is a surgical procedure that involves blocking or cutting the Fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. In some cases, tubal ligation can lead to complications such as ectopic pregnancy or tubal sterilization syndrome, which is a condition where the fallopian tubes reconnect and allow for pregnancy to occur.

These conditions can cause infertility, chronic pain, and other health problems, and may require medical or surgical treatment.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a species of gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus that is the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection. It is commonly found in the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, urethra, and rectum, as well as the throat and eyes. The bacterium can cause a range of symptoms, including discharge, burning during urination, and, in women, abnormal menstrual bleeding. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. It is important to note that N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to many antibiotics over time, making treatment more challenging. A culture or nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is used for the diagnosis of this infection.

Salpingectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both of the fallopian tubes are removed. These tubes are slender structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus, through which the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus during ovulation. Salpingectomy can be performed for various reasons such as ectopic pregnancy, salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes), hydrosalpinx (fluid-filled tube), or as a preventative measure in women with increased risk of ovarian cancer. The procedure can be carried out through laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, or laparotomy, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's preference.

Mycoplasma infections refer to illnesses caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. These are among the smallest free-living organisms, lacking a cell wall and possessing a unique molecular structure. They can cause various respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia, bronchitis), urogenital infections, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.

The most common Mycoplasma species that infect humans include M. pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Transmission usually occurs through respiratory droplets or sexual contact. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the site of infection but may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fatigue, joint pain, rash, and genital discharge or pelvic pain in women. Diagnosis often requires specific laboratory tests due to their unique growth requirements and resistance to many common antibiotics. Treatment typically involves macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a long-acting, reversible contraceptive device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a small T-shaped piece of flexible plastic with strings attached to it for removal. There are two types of IUDs available: hormonal and copper. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and thins the lining of the uterus, preventing sperm from reaching and fertilizing an egg. Copper IUDs, on the other hand, produce an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm and eggs, preventing fertilization.

IUDs are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and can remain in place for several years, depending on the type. They are easily removable by a healthcare provider if a woman wants to become pregnant or choose another form of contraception. IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so it is important to use condoms in addition to an IUD for protection against STIs.

In summary, Intrauterine Devices are small, T-shaped plastic devices that are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. They come in two types: hormonal and copper, both of which work by preventing fertilization. IUDs are highly effective, long-acting, and reversible forms of contraception.

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. The copper IUD is a type of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) that releases copper ions, which are toxic to sperm and egg, preventing fertilization. It is one of the most effective forms of birth control available, with a failure rate of less than 1%.

The copper IUD can be used by women who have previously given birth as well as those who have not. It can be inserted up to five days after unprotected intercourse as emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy. Once inserted, the copper IUD can remain in place for up to ten years, although it can be removed at any time if a woman wants to become pregnant or for other reasons.

Copper IUDs are also used as an effective treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding and can be used to manage endometriosis-associated pain. Common side effects of copper IUDs include heavier and longer menstrual periods, cramping during insertion, and irregular periods during the first few months after insertion. However, these side effects usually subside over time.

It is important to note that while copper IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it is still recommended to use condoms or other barrier methods of protection during sexual activity to reduce the risk of STIs.

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. A medicated IUD is a type of IUD that contains hormones, which are released slowly over time to provide additional benefits beyond just contraception.

There are two types of medicated IUDs available in the US market: levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD). The LNG-IUS releases a progestin hormone called levonorgestrel, which thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg, thins the lining of the uterus to make it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant, and can also inhibit ovulation in some women. The Cu-IUD is non-hormonal and works by releasing copper ions that create a toxic environment for sperm, preventing them from reaching the egg.

Medicated IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, with typical use failure rates of less than 1% per year. They can remain in place for several years, depending on the brand, and can be removed at any time by a healthcare provider if a woman wants to become pregnant or experience side effects. Common side effects of medicated IUDs may include irregular menstrual bleeding, cramping, and spotting between periods, although these tend to improve over time.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) expulsion is a medical condition that refers to the unintentional and partial or complete removal of an IUD from the uterus after its initial insertion. This can occur spontaneously or as a result of manipulation, and it may happen soon after insertion or even several months or years later.

IUD expulsion is more common in women who have not previously given birth, and it can increase the risk of unintended pregnancy and other complications. Symptoms of IUD expulsion may include irregular menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or the absence of the IUD strings in the vagina. If a woman suspects that her IUD has been expelled, she should contact her healthcare provider for further evaluation and management.

Intrauterine Device (IUD) migration is a medical condition where the IUD, a long-acting reversible contraceptive device placed inside the uterus, moves from its original position. Normally, an IUD is designed to remain in the uterus, with the vertical strings attached to it trailing down through the cervix into the vagina, allowing for easy removal or checking of its position.

IUD migration refers to the unintended movement of the device, either partially or completely, outside the uterine cavity. This may occur due to various reasons such as a weakened uterus, infection, or anatomical abnormalities. The migration can lead to complications like perforation of the uterus, damage to nearby organs, and difficulty in removing or locating the IUD. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential to ensure that the IUD remains in its proper place and to address any potential issues early on.

Uterine perforation is a medical condition that refers to the piercing or puncturing of the uterine wall. This can occur during various medical procedures such as dilatation and curettage (D&C), insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), or during childbirth. It can also be caused by trauma or infection. Uterine perforation can lead to serious complications, such as bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding organs. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening. Symptoms of uterine perforation may include severe abdominal pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, fever, and signs of shock. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Contraceptive agents, female, are medications or devices specifically designed to prevent pregnancy in women. They work by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus. Some common examples of female contraceptive agents include:

1. Hormonal methods: These include combined oral contraceptives (COCs), progestin-only pills, patches, vaginal rings, and hormonal implants. They contain synthetic forms of the female hormones estrogen and/or progesterone, which work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to make it harder for sperm to reach the egg, or thinning the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
2. Intrauterine devices (IUDs): These are small, T-shaped devices made of plastic or copper that are inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. They release hormones or copper ions that interfere with sperm movement and prevent fertilization or implantation.
3. Barrier methods: These include condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and sponges. They work by physically preventing sperm from reaching the egg.
4. Emergency contraception: This includes medications such as Plan B or Ella, which can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. They work by delaying ovulation or preventing fertilization of the egg.
5. Fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs): These involve tracking a woman's menstrual cycle and avoiding sexual intercourse during her fertile window. Some FABMs also involve using barrier methods during this time.

It is important to note that different contraceptive agents have varying levels of effectiveness, side effects, and risks. Women should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best method for their individual needs and circumstances.

... may be diagnosed by pelvic examination, blood tests, and/or a vaginal or cervical swab. Salpingitis can be acute, ... For those aged 15-44 years, 0.29 per 100,000 die from salpingitis. One in six cases of salpingitis will lead to infertility. ... With one episode of salpingitis, the risk of infertility is 8-17%. With 3 episodes of salpingitis, the risk is 40-60%, although ... Salpingitis at eMedicine "Salpingitis". 16 September 2022. Curry, A; Williams, T; Penny, ML (15 September 2019). "Pelvic ...
Vasitis nodosa Salpingitis Jenkins, CS.; Williams, SR.; Schmidt, GE. (Oct 1993). "Salpingitis isthmica nodosa: a review of the ... Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN), also known as diverticulosis of the Fallopian tube, is nodular thickening of the narrow part ... Skibsted, L.; Sperling, L.; Hansen, U.; Hertz, J. (Jul 1991). "Salpingitis isthmica nodosa in female infertility and tubal ...
... salpingitis; adnexal abscess; tubo-ovarian abscesses; intrauterine contraceptive device-associated infection; pelvic ...
Salpingitis, or salpingitis isthmica nodosa, is a disease involving inflammation within the Fallopian tubes. This condition can ... Salpingitis may be associated with fertility problems, such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy, or tubal ... Barkwill D, Tobler KJ (2023). "Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID ...
Taylor, John William (1899). The treatment of gonorrhoeal salpingitis. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson. pp. 14. Ballantyne ...
E. Teichelmann, F.R.C.S. Eng., of Port Adelaide (June 1892). "Notes of case of gonorrhoeal salpingitis". The Australasian ...
Salpingites et ovarites, 1891 - Salpingitis and ovaritis. Terrillon, Octave-Roche-Simon Pagel: Biographisches Lexikon ...
She had salpingitis due to having untreated gonorrhea. Henry Lee Lucas confessed to her murder and was sentenced to death. It ...
Hydrosalpinx Salpingitis isthmica nodosa "Hysterosalpingography (Uterosalpingography)". RadiologyInfo. June 8, 2016. " ...
"Fallopian Tube Disorders: Overview, Salpingitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa". 15 March 2022. ... Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tubes and may be found alone, or with other pelvic inflammatory diseases (PIDs). A ... Salpingitis at eMedicine "Tubal Factor Infertility (Fallopian Tube Obstruction) , ColumbiaDoctors - New York". ColumbiaDoctors ... thickening of the fallopian tube at its narrow isthmus portion, due to inflammation, is known as salpingitis isthmica nodosa. ...
MÃ¥rdh, Per-Anders (2004). "Tubal factor infertility, with special regard to chlamydial salpingitis". Current Opinion in ...
... it replaces the terms oophoritis and salpingitis. The term adnexal mass is sometimes used when the location of a uterine mass ...
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa - diverticulosis of the Fallopian tube Feuerstein, JD; Falchuk, KR (August 2016). "Diverticulosis ...
She had reportedly suffered from salpingitis due to contracting gonorrhea. She had ten-inch-long brown hair with a reddish tint ...
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa Taxy JB, Marshall FF, Erlichman RJ (December 1981). "Vasectomy: subclinical pathologic changes". Am ...
... granulomatous salpingitis, fallopian tube malignancy; ovarian disorders such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, or clear cell ...
Other complications include endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis, periappendicitis, and ... salpingitis, ruptured pelvic abscess, or ruptured appendix). Pelvic and vaginal ultrasounds are helpful in the diagnosis of PID ...
... can cause salpingitis, septicaemia, peritonitis and bacteremia in birds like parakeets. " ...
Conditions diagnosable by culdoscopy include tubal adhesions (causing sterility), ectopic pregnancy, and salpingitis. ...
It is often seen in combination with salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes).[citation needed] It may develop in ...
Medical Implications of Water-skiing, Clin Orthop, 22: 140-145 (1962).; David Pfanner, Salpingitis and Water Skiing FRCS The ...
Pauline was of frail health for much of her life, probably due to salpingitis. She died on 9 June 1825 at the age of forty-four ...
In women, it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), including endometritis and salpingitis. Women may also ...
Zervizitis und Salpingitis [Vaginosis, Vaginitis, Cervicitis and Salpingitis] (in German) (2nd ed.). Springer. p. 11. v t e ( ...
A history of pelvic inflammatory disease, the laproscopic evidence of scarring and a diagnosis of salpingitis supports the ... Tubal obstruction is caused by infection, endometriosis, myomas, salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN), or dried mucus. Because the ...
The tubes can get blocked here by infection (salpingitis) and surgical intervention may be necessary. Mouse studies have ...
Afterwards, he informs Betty that she has salpingitis and will be unable to get pregnant. He and Virginia meet men that have ...
Disease varies according to the Streptococcal species but common presentations include septicaemia, peritonitis, salpingitis ...
The only known rare side effect is the occasional flaring-up of an old chronic salpingitis. Gynographic survey is the term for ...
In females, cervicitis, perimetritis, or salpingitis may occur as well as lymphangitis and lymphadenitis in deeper nodes. ...
Salpingitis may be diagnosed by pelvic examination, blood tests, and/or a vaginal or cervical swab. Salpingitis can be acute, ... For those aged 15-44 years, 0.29 per 100,000 die from salpingitis. One in six cases of salpingitis will lead to infertility. ... With one episode of salpingitis, the risk of infertility is 8-17%. With 3 episodes of salpingitis, the risk is 40-60%, although ... Salpingitis at eMedicine "Salpingitis". 16 September 2022. Curry, A; Williams, T; Penny, ML (15 September 2019). "Pelvic ...
Many women of childbearing age have been checked for salpingitis before pregnancy. They want to know whether it will affect ... If salpingitis is not treated in time, it will reduce the probability of female pregnancy and may bring other hazards. Lets ... Therefore, salpingitis is likely to affect the success rate of pregnancy preparation, so women must actively treat it. Acute ... Salpingitis Will Greatly Reduce the Probability of Pregnancy. By Wuhan Dr.Lees TCM Clinic. ...
Salpingitis and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Salpingitis is the inflammation of the fallopian tube, most commonly caused by an ... Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) or tubal diverticulum is an acquired pathologic condition that ... Presence of the major outer-membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chronic salpingitis and salpingitis ... Acute salpingitis is often used synonymously with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) because it is the most common form of PID ...
ICD-9 code 016.64 for Tuberculous oophoritis and salpingitis tubercle bacilli not found (in sputum) by microscopy but found by ... Tuberculous oophoritis and salpingitis tubercle bacilli not found (in sputum) by microscopy but found by bacterial culture ( ... ICD-9 code 016.64 for Tuberculous oophoritis and salpingitis tubercle bacilli not found (in sputum) by microscopy but found by ...
Salpingitis. Salpingitis is the inflammation of the fallopian tube, most commonly caused by an infection. Acute salpingitis is ... Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) or tubal diverticulum is an acquired pathologic condition that ... Presence of the major outer-membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with chronic salpingitis and salpingitis ... Salpingitis is the most common serious infection in women of reproductive age. An estimated 1 million new cases occur in the ...
H68.012 ACUTE EUSTACHIAN SALPINGITIS, LEFT EAR Home > ICD-10 List > Diseases of the ear and mastoid process > Diseases of ... middle ear and mastoid (H65-H75) > Eustachian salpingitis and obstruction (H68) > H68.012 ...
The outcome of salpingitis may be either acute or chronic. It has not yet been clarified whether the pathological manifestation ... Whole genome sequence comparison of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from acute and chronic salpingitis of egg laying hens. ... Whole genome sequence comparison of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from acute and chronic salpingitis of egg laying hens ... Background: Infection in the oviduct (salpingitis) is the most common bacterial infection in egg laying hens and is mainly ...
Salpingitis. June 16, 2008. Salpingitis is the inflammation/infection of the fallopian tubes that extend from the uterus to the ...
PID - aftercare; Oophoritis - aftercare; Salpingitis - aftercare; Salpingo - oophoritis - aftercare; Salpingo - peritonitis - ...
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Salpingitis. *Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). *Symptomatic Menopause. *Tubo-Ovarian Abscess. *Urinary Tract Infection ( ...
Evaluation of cefamandole nafate for the treatment of acute gonococcal salpingitis. D. L. Hemsell, F. G. Cunningham, B. Nobles ... Evaluation of cefamandole nafate for the treatment of acute gonococcal salpingitis. / Hemsell, D. L.; Cunningham, F. G.; Nobles ... Hemsell DL, Cunningham FG, Nobles B. Evaluation of cefamandole nafate for the treatment of acute gonococcal salpingitis. ... Dive into the research topics of Evaluation of cefamandole nafate for the treatment of acute gonococcal salpingitis. Together ...
... severe necrotizing salpingitis; and the focal-to-multifocal intralesional presence of influenza virus matrix protein (Appendix ...
Salpingitis is inflammation of the fallopian tubes. Causes include bacterial infection and overgrowth of the inner lining of ...
salpingitis (inflammation of the uterine tubes). *pelvic inflammatory disease (PID, which often leads to infertility or ...
30 Mendling W. Vaginose, Vaginitis, Zervizitis und Salpingitis. 2., erweiterte und vollständig neu bearbeitete Aufl. Heidelberg ... Teil 2: Zervizitis, Salpingitis und Herpes genitalis. Gynäkologe 2013; 46: 117-128 ...
The following medical conditions are automatically covered and you do not need to tell us about them:. ...
Salpingitis and oophoritis - N70 *Other female pelvic inflammatory diseases - N73 *Endometriosis - N80 *Pain and other ...
Söderberg G, Lindgren S. Influence of an intrauterine device on the course of an acute salpingitis. Contraception 1981;24:137- ...
Previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease or salpingitis.. -. If youve been treated for infertility. ...
What is the best treatment for Salpingitis infection? *Started by chickenmomma16. *. 16 minutes ago. ...
Leucocytic count: exclude infections as appendicitis and salpingitis.. Uncommon Sites of Ectopic Pregnancy ...
  • ICD-9 code 016.64 for Tuberculous oophoritis and salpingitis tubercle bacilli not found (in sputum) by microscopy but found by bacterial culture is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -TUBERCULOSIS (010-018). (aapc.com)
  • Endometritis is often associated with inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis), ovaries (oophoritis), and pelvic peritoneum (pelvic peritonitis). (medscape.com)
  • It includes inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis), uterus (endometritis), fallopian tubes (salpingitis), and ovaries (oophoritis), which can extend to the connective tissue lying between the broad ligaments (parametritis). (health-disease.org)
  • Salpingitis with endometritis and oophoritis, with or without peritonitis, is often called salpingitis even though other structures are involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Damaged oviducts from salpingitis increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy by 7-10 fold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serious complications can result in salpingitis, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. (rapidtest.com)
  • Therefore, levonorgestrel is not recommended for women who are at risk of ectopic pregnancy (previous history of salpingitis or of ectopic pregnancy). (who.int)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2015 sexually transmitted diseases treatment guideline defines PID as any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. (medscape.com)
  • In the nonobstetric population, concomitant endometritis may occur in up to 70-90% of documented cases of salpingitis. (medscape.com)
  • Infection of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) and uterus (endometritis) tend to occur together. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The infection may start as a vaginitis or cervicitis that leads to subsequent ascending infection, which may cause endometritis , salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis , or Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Endometritis and salpingitis. (who.int)
  • Salpingitis is an infection causing inflammation in the fallopian tubes (also called salpinges). (wikipedia.org)
  • For women age 16-25, salpingitis is the most common serious infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Half of ectopic pregnancies are due to a salpingitis infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other complications are: Infection of ovaries and uterus Infection of sex partners An abscess on the ovary Internal scars resulting in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome of the liver Salpingitis is most commonly caused by bacteria and typically treated with antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Background: Infection in the oviduct (salpingitis) is the most common bacterial infection in egg laying hens and is mainly caused by Escherichia coli. (ku.dk)
  • Salpingitis is the inflammation/infection of the fallopian tubes that extend from the uterus to the ovaries. (hysterectomy-association.org.uk)
  • What is the best treatment for Salpingitis infection? (backyardchickens.com)
  • Tuberculosis salpingitis -- is an infection of the uterine fallopian tubes that causes pelvic pain. (ecureme.com)
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an ascending infection from the vagina to the uterus and fallopian tubes (salpingitis). (health-disease.org)
  • Tubo-ovarian abscess and salpingitis are infectious in nature and are typically associated with an ascending infection from the lower female pelvic organs (also known as pelvic inflammatory disease). (medscape.com)
  • Salpingitis and tubo-ovarian abscess are treated with intravenous antibiotics to cover common organisms that may have caused the ascending infection. (medscape.com)
  • A sexually transmitted infection commonly manifested by urethritis, cervicitis, or salpingitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Females with salpingitis or tubo-ovarian abscess usually present with fever and acute onset of abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
  • Salpingitis may be diagnosed by pelvic examination, blood tests, and/or a vaginal or cervical swab. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease or salpingitis. (pregnancy-info.net)
  • Repertory analysis led to the selection of Sycotic co, a nosode prepared from Enterococcus faecalis , which is one of the main responsible pathogens associated with pelvic inflammatory disease , which is one of the causes of salpingitis . (bvsalud.org)
  • One in six cases of salpingitis will lead to infertility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately one in fourteen untreated Chlamydia infections will result in salpingitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myoma complicated by tubercular salpingitis and peritonitis. (nih.gov)
  • Usually salpingitis or peritonitis followed which often proved fatal. (anarchobase.com)
  • Experts said that first, during an abortion, the blood in the uterine cavity flows back into the fallopian tube, causing non-inflammatory hematoma and organized salpingitis. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Often, these issues are caused by swelling of the fallopian tube, called salpingitis. (sparrow.org)
  • Changes in the incidence of acute gonococcal and nongonococcal salpingitis. (bmj.com)
  • Inflammation can cause tissue damage leading to tubal obstruction and peritoneal adhesions distorting the normal tube course, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting, thus making spontaneous fertilisation impossible if both sides are affected ( bilateral adnexitis/salpingitis ) or impairing the possibility of pregnancy ( unilateral adnexitis/salpingitis ). (institutobernabeu.com)
  • Salpingitis can also lead to tubal factor infertility because the eggs released in ovulation cannot make contact with the sperm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 75,000-225,000 cases of infertility in the US are caused by salpingitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salpingitis can be acute, chronic, or subclinical. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over one million cases of acute salpingitis are reported every year in the US, but the number of incidents is probably larger, due to incomplete and untimely reporting methods and that many cases are reported first when the illness has gone so far that it has developed chronic complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • The outcome of salpingitis may be either acute or chronic. (ku.dk)
  • The increased serum survival and iron chelating genes iss and iroN were highly prevalent in genomes from both acute and chronic salpingitis. (ku.dk)
  • Conclusion: Our analysis revealed that no genetic markers could differentiate the E. coli isolated from acute versus chronic salpingitis in egg laying hens. (ku.dk)
  • My last HSG (2015) and laparoscopy (2016) showed hydrosalpinx and salpingitis in both tubes, and a few tiny fibroids. (babycenter.com)
  • Coital risk factors are: Uterine contractions Sperm, carrying organisms upward The bacteria most associated with salpingitis are: N. gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma Staphylococcus Streptococcus However, salpingitis is usually polymicrobial, involving many kinds of pathogens such as Ureaplasma urealyticum, and anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer in cases that conditional analysis of errors that his household survey of tuberculous salpingitis, organisation and reproduction. (nicomuhly.com)
  • E. coli, Gallibacterium and other bacteria can cause salpingitis in chickens and other poultry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salpingitis has a higher incidence among members of lower socioeconomic classes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many women of childbearing age have been checked for salpingitis before pregnancy. (selfgrowth.com)
  • If salpingitis is not treated in time, it will reduce the probability of female pregnancy and may bring other hazards. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Therefore, salpingitis is likely to affect the success rate of pregnancy preparation, so women must actively treat it. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Eighty-six women with suspected acute salpingitis were treated with parenteral cefamandole. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Hip arthritis, kidney stones (ureteral calculi), hernias , femoral bursitis , prostatitis , salpingitis, colon cancer and colon diverticulitis can also cause severe back pain. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • As an effect of an increased risk due to multiple partners, the prevalence of salpingitis is highest for people age 15-24 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • With 3 episodes of salpingitis, the risk is 40-60%, although the exact risk depends on the severity of each episode. (wikipedia.org)
  • Decreased awareness of symptoms and less will to use contraceptives are also common in this group, raising the occurrence of salpingitis. (wikipedia.org)