Sasa
Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Synechococcus
Evaluation of carcinogenic/co-carcinogenic activity of chikusaku-eki, a bamboo charcoal by-product used as a folk remedy, in BALB/c 3T3 cells. (1/45)
Chikusaku-eki is an acidic dark brown liquid obtained as a by-product from bamboo charcoal burners. The solution diluted with water is gaining widespread popularity in Japan as a folk medicine for skin diseases such as scabies, eczema, and atopic dermatitis. In this study, the carcinogenic and tumor-promoting potential of chikusaku-eki was determined using the BALB/c 3T3 A31-1-1 cell transformation system. Carcinogenic activity was tested by treating A31-1-1 cells for 24 h with 0.06% solution, a dose resulting in 35% clonogenic cell survival. In both 2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated and non-treated groups, chikusaku-eki did not initiate carsinogenesis. Following initiation with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA), A31-1-1 cells were chronically treated with a non-toxic concentration range of chikusaku-eki (< or = 0.01%), but chikusaku-eki did not act as a tumor promoter. Thus, chikusaku-eki was not carcinogenic/co-carcinogenic in the in vitro cell transformation assay examined in this study after being diluted more than 10(4)-fold with water. (+info)Structural and mutational analyses of cis-acting sequences in the 5'-untranslated region of satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. (2/45)
The satellite RNA of Bamboo mosaic virus (satBaMV) contains on open reading frame for a 20-kDa protein that is flanked by a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 159 nucleotides (nt) and a 3'-UTR of 129 nt. A secondary structure was predicted for the 5'-UTR of satBaMV RNA, which folds into a large stem-loop (LSL) and a small stem-loop. Enzymatic probing confirmed the existence of LSL (nt 8-138) in the 5'-UTR. The essential cis-acting sequences in the 5'-UTR required for satBaMV RNA replication were determined by deletion and substitution mutagenesis. Their replication efficiencies were analyzed in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts and Chenopodium quinoa plants coinoculated with helper BaMV RNA. All deletion mutants abolished the replication of satBaMV RNA, whereas mutations introduced in most of the loop regions and stems showed either no replication or a decreased replication efficiency. Mutations that affected the positive-strand satBaMV RNA accumulation also affected the accumulation of negative-strand RNA; however, the accumulation of genomic and subgenomic RNAs of BaMV were not affected. Moreover, covariation analyses of natural satBaMV variants provide substantial evidence that the secondary structure in the 5'-UTR of satBaMV is necessary for efficient replication. (+info)Functional analysis of the cloverleaf-like structure in the 3' untranslated region of bamboo mosaic potexvirus RNA revealed dual roles in viral RNA replication and long distance movement. (3/45)
The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) RNA was identified to fold into a tertiary structure comprising a cloverleaf-like structure designated ABC domain followed by a major stem-loop D, which in turn is followed by a pseudoknot E and a poly(A) tail. The coat protein accumulation level of the mutant, BaMV40A/DeltaABC, lacking ABC domain was just 15% that of wild-type when inoculated into protoplasts of Nicotiana benthamiana. This suggested that ABC domain might play an important role in BaMV RNA replication. To define the precise role of each of the three stem-loops of ABC domain in RNA replication, three mutants BaMV40A/DeltaA, -/DeltaB, and -/DeltaC each lacking stem-loop A, B, and C, respectively, were created. Our results showed that accumulation of viral products of mutants BaMV40A/DeltaB and -/DeltaC were not as efficient as wild-type. On the contrary, level of accumulation of viral products of BaMV/DeltaA was similar to that of wild-type in protoplasts and inoculated leaves. Interestingly, the accumulation of viral products was not as efficient as that of wild-type in systemic leaves, implying that stem-loop A is dispensable for replication, but signifies a role in systemic accumulation. Using UV cross-linking and competition experiments, it was demonstrated that the E. coli expressed helicase domain of BaMV ORF1 can preferentially interact with the ABC domain. (+info)Arg-16 and Arg-21 in the N-terminal region of the triple-gene-block protein 1 of Bamboo mosaic virus are essential for virus movement. (4/45)
The protein encoded by the first gene of the triple gene block (TGBp1) of potexviruses is required for movement of the viruses. It has been reported that single Arg-->Ala substitutions at position 11, 16 or 21 of TGBp1 of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) eliminate its RNA-binding activity, while substitutions at position 16 or 21 only affect its NTPase activity (Liou et al., Virology 277, 336-344, 2000). However, it remains unclear whether these Arg-->Ala substitutions also affect the movement of BaMV in plants. To address this question, six mutants of BaMV, each containing either a single- or a double-alanine substitution at Arg-11, Arg-16 and Arg-21 of TGBp1, were constructed and used to infect Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that all of the BaMV mutants were able to replicate in protoplasts of N. benthamiana. However, only the mutant with an Arg-11-->Ala substitution in TGBp1 remained capable of movement from cell to cell in plants. Mutants with Arg-16, Arg-21 or both Arg-16 and Arg-21 of TGBp1 replaced with alanine were defective in virus movement. This defect was suppressed when a wild-type TGBp1 allele was co-introduced into the cells using a novel satellite replicon. The ability to trans-complement the movement defect by the wild-type TGBp1 strongly suggests that the Arg-->Ala substitution at position 16 or 21 of TGBp1, which diminishes the RNA-binding and NTPase activities of TGBp1, also eliminates the capability of BaMV to move from cell to cell in host plants. (+info)Critical residues for GTP methylation and formation of the covalent m7GMP-enzyme intermediate in the capping enzyme domain of bamboo mosaic virus. (5/45)
Open reading frame 1 of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a Potexvirus in the alphavirus-like superfamily, encodes a 155-kDa replicase responsible for the formation of the 5' cap structure and replication of the viral RNA genome. The N-terminal domain of the viral replicase functions as an mRNA capping enzyme, which exhibits both GTP methyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent guanylyltransferase activities. We mutated each of the four conserved amino acids among the capping enzymes of members within alphavirus-like superfamily and a dozen of other residues to gain insight into the structure-function relationship of the viral enzyme. The mutant enzymes were purified and subsequently characterized. H68A, the mutant enzyme bearing a substitution at the conserved histidine residue, has an approximately 10-fold increase in GTP methyltransferase activity but completely loses the ability to form the covalent m(7)GMP-enzyme intermediate. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the production of m(7)GTP by the GTP methyltransferase activity of H68A. Furthermore, the produced m(7)GTP sustained the formation of the m(7)GMP-enzyme intermediate for the wild-type enzyme in the presence of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), suggesting that the previously observed AdoMet-dependent guanylation of the enzyme using GTP results from reactions of GTP methylation and subsequently guanylation of the enzyme using m(7)GTP. Mutations occurred at the other three conserved residues (D122, R125, and Y213), and H66 resulted in abolition of activities for both GTP methylation and formation of the covalent m(7)GMP-enzyme intermediate. Mutations of amino acids such as K121, C234, D310, W312, R316, K344, W406, and K409 decreased both activities by various degrees, and the extents of mutational effects follow similar trends. The affinity to AdoMet of the various BaMV capping enzymes, except H68A, was found in good correlations with not only the magnitude of GTP methyltransferase activity but also the capability of forming the m(7)GMP-enzyme intermediate. Taken together with the AdoHcy dependence of guanylation of the enzyme using m(7)GTP, a basic working mechanism, with the contents of critical roles played by the binding of AdoMet/AdoHcy, of the BaMV capping enzyme is proposed and discussed. (+info)Silica deposition in relation to ageing of leaf tissues in Sasa veitchii (Carriere) Rehder (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). (6/45)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Silica deposition is one of the important characteristics of plants in the family Poaceae. There have been many investigations into the distribution, deposition and physiological functions of silica in this family. Two hypotheses on silica deposition have been proposed based on these studies. First, that silica deposition occurs passively as a result of water uptake by plants, and second, that silica deposition is controlled positively by plants. To test these two apparently contradictory hypotheses, silica deposition in relation to the ageing of leaf tissues in Sasa veitchii was investigated. METHODS: Tissues were examined using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyser. KEY RESULTS: The deposition process differed depending on cell type. In mesophyll tissue, fusoid cells deposited large amounts of silica depending on leaf age after maturation, while chlorenchyma cells deposited little. In epidermal tissue, comprised of eight cell types, only silica cells deposited large amounts of silica during the leaf's developmental process and none after maturation. Bulliform cells, micro-hairs and prickle hairs deposited silica densely and continuously after leaf maturation. Cork cells, guard cells, long cells and subsidiary cells deposited silica at low levels. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the two hypotheses proposed for silica deposition in Poaceae. The results of the present study clearly indicate that both hypotheses are compatible with each other dependent on cell types. (+info)Sasa health exerts a protective effect on Her2/NeuN mammary tumorigenesis. (7/45)
Bamboo grass leaves of different Sasa species have been widely used in food and medicine in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Of special interest are Kumazasa (Sasa senanensis rehder) leaves used to prepare an alkaline extract known as Sasa Health. This extract was reported to inhibit both the development and growth of mammary tumors in a mammary tumor strain of virgin SHN mice (1). We found that Sasa Health exerts a significant protective effect on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in another mouse model of human breast cancer, the transgenic FVB-Her2/NeuN mouse model. Two cohorts of Her2/NeuN female mice of different age (eleven-week-old and twenty-four-week-old) chronically treated with Sasa Health in drinking water showed both a delay in the development of tumors and reduced tumor multiplicity. Sasa Health also induced inhibition of mammary duct branching and side bud development in association with reduced angiogenesis. Altogether these findings indicate that Sasa Health contains phytochemicals that can effectively retard spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. (+info)A conserved secondary structure in the hypervariable region at the 5' end of Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA is functionally interchangeable. (8/45)
Satellite RNA (satRNA) associated with Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) is dependent on BaMV for replication and encapsidation. Molecular analyses of total RNA extracted from bamboo species collected worldwide revealed that 26 out of 61 BaMV isolates harbored satBaMV. Among them, two phylogenetically distinguishable groups, A and B, with a genetic diversity of 6.9 +/- 0.7% were identified. Greatest sequence diversity occurred in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) that contained one hypervariable region with variations of up to 20.7%. Concurrent covariations in the 5' hypervariable sequences support the existence of a conserved apical hairpin stem-loop structure, which was earlier mapped by enzymatic probings and functional analyses [Annamalai, P., Hsu, Y.H., Liu, Y.P., Tsai, C.H., Lin, N.S., 2003. Structural and mutational analyses of cis-acting sequences in the 5'-untranslated region of satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus. Virology 311 (1), 229-239]. Furthermore, chimeric satBaMVs generated by interchanging the hypervariable region between groups A and B demonstrated the replication competence of satBaMV isolates in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts co-inoculated with BaMV RNA. The results suggest that an evolutionarily conserved secondary structure exists in the hypervariable region of 5' UTR of satBaMV. (+info)I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "sasa." It is possible that it could be a typographical error or a slang term. If you are referring to a specific medical condition, please provide more context or check the spelling so I can give you an accurate and helpful response.
Circadian rhythm signaling peptides and proteins are molecules that play a crucial role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, which are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a daily cycle. These rhythms are driven by the body's internal clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus.
The circadian rhythm is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways involving both peptides and proteins. These molecules help to coordinate various physiological processes, such as sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, metabolism, and body temperature, with the external environment.
Some examples of circadian rhythm signaling peptides and proteins include:
1. PERIOD (PER) proteins: These are a family of proteins that play a central role in the regulation of the circadian clock. They form complexes with other clock proteins, such as CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) proteins, to inhibit the activity of transcription factors that drive the expression of clock genes.
2. CLOCK and BMAL1: These are transcription factors that bind to DNA and promote the expression of clock genes, including PER and CRY. They form a heterodimer that binds to specific DNA sequences called E-boxes to activate gene transcription.
3. REV-ERBα and RORα: These are nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of BMAL1 and other clock genes. REV-ERBα inhibits the expression of BMAL1, while RORα activates it.
4. Melatonin: This is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Its production is controlled by light exposure and is highest at night.
5. Cortisol: This is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that helps to regulate metabolism, immune function, and stress response. Its levels are highest in the morning and decrease throughout the day.
Overall, circadian rhythm signaling peptides and proteins play a critical role in maintaining the proper functioning of various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and immune function. Dysregulation of these pathways has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
I apologize for the confusion, but "Synechococcus" is not a medical term. It is a genus of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. These microorganisms play a significant role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. They are often studied in the fields of ecology, microbiology, and environmental science. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Phosphotransferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule. This reaction is essential for various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, signal transduction, and biosynthesis.
The systematic name for this group of enzymes is phosphotransferase, which is derived from the general reaction they catalyze: D-donor + A-acceptor = D-donor minus phosphate + A-phosphate. The donor molecule can be a variety of compounds, such as ATP or a phosphorylated protein, while the acceptor molecule is typically a compound that becomes phosphorylated during the reaction.
Phosphotransferases are classified into several subgroups based on the type of donor and acceptor molecules they act upon. For example, kinases are a subgroup of phosphotransferases that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein or other organic compound. Phosphatases, another subgroup, remove phosphate groups from molecules by transferring them to water.
Overall, phosphotransferases play a critical role in regulating many cellular functions and are important targets for drug development in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.
Sasa
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Sasa - Wikipedia
Sasa Kenjeres
SaSa Class of 2022 - NASA
About Us - SASA
Saša Kenjereš
Sasa Israel - Defense Update
EBRD loan to finance new SASA facility in Türkiye
Sasa River route : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost
Damu Sasa - The Standard Health
Sasa Martinovic - Chessdom
RBG Kew: GrassBase - Sasa veitchii Description
South Asian students shine in SASA show
Saša Bezjak | Cankarjev dom
Allie and the Ice Cream Shop by Iann Ivy, Sasa Khalisa, Hardcover | Barnes & Noble®
POPIA - SASA
Sasa Vazic - Vancouver Cherry Blossom Festival
Sasa Radojkovic - Photos & images - Photographer | fotocommunity
AMD product marketing role goes to Sasa Marinkovic - DVHARDWARE
Cuisine Sasa at Meliá Danang Beach Resort | Melia.com
The Best Chess Games of Sasa Kulic - Chess.com
Yukinori Sasa | BJJ Heroes
Sasa Promotion Codes | Keycode
Sasa Cetkovic | FEP : Federation of European Photographers
Re: assert failed: sa-|sa len |= sizeof(ifr.ifr ifru)
Saša Asentić: MY PRIVATE BIOPOLITICS
Saša Zdjelar - Resultados de la búsqueda Yahoo España
Asentić1
- Saša Asentić deconstructs production conditions and raises questions relevant to artists who are wrapped up in the process of adapting their ideas to a given situation and the audiences' expectations and in positioning themselves and their performances in the dichotomy between local and global politics and the power relations that ensue. (bunker.si)
20222
- The 2022 cohort of the SaSa program poses for a group photo. (nasa.gov)
- Zdjelar Saša - CSKA player Main / Team / Players 5 Saša Zdjelar Midfielder Serbia 20.03.1995 76,1 kg 184 cm Stats News Video Stats for the last 5 matches News about Zdjelar News 28.07.2022 Saša Zdjelar joins PFC CSKA from Partizan PFC CSKA has agreed a deal to sign the Serbian midfielder from Partizan Belgrade. (yahoo.com)
20191
- SASA Western Cape Charity Golf Day 11 March 2019 Durbanville Golf Course The annual Security Association of South Africa (Western Cape) Charity Golf Day remains a prestigious event. (securitysa.com)
Serbia2
Content1
- Sasa Marinkovic Director, Radeon Software Marketing will be taking leadership of AMD Product and Content Marketing. (dvhardware.net)
News1
- FUD Zilla picked up news that Sasa Marinkovic will become the company's new director of product marketing. (dvhardware.net)
Show3
- The theme for this year's SASA Show was "Dosti," or "Friends. (northbynorthwestern.com)
- As the South Asian culture community at Northwestern continues to grow, so does the audience of the SASA Show. (northbynorthwestern.com)
- Since 2007, Sasa [44] has published personal annual reports that show eight indexes of information related to his daily life, ranging from how much jajangmyeon he eats to how many phone calls he makes. (sulki-min.com)
Team1
- Having become one of the toughest competitors in the light featherweight division of BJJ, Yukinori Sasa earned the right to be a coach at the world-famous Paraestra team, one of the first and best grappling academies in Japan. (bjjheroes.com)
Companies1
- Shop Sasa for the top fragrances, cosmetics, hair care products and more from the top brands or smaller hard-to-find companies. (keycode.com)
Skin care1
- Sasa is a China-based retailer which offers high quality health care, skin care and beauty products. (keycode.com)
Video1
- Saša Bezjak is a distinguished Slovenian artist who has carved out a career as an art educator, painter, sculptor and performer drawing upon various materials as mediums for drawings, paintings, sculptures, embroidery, as well as video documents. (cd-cc.si)
Great2
- In the journey of making contribution to a brighter future, EBRD's presence on this Project is a great milestone for SASA and our country to reach common sustainability goals. (ebrd.com)
- They are a great challenge for everyone who has mastered the cello, Saša Večtomov included. (supraphon.com)
Sign2
- Manchester United will have to shell out a sum of £17 million to sign Sasa Kalajdzic from Bundesliga side VfB Stuttgart this summer. (thehardtackle.com)
- According to the Daily Mail , Manchester United have learnt that it will cost them a transfer fee of around £17 million to sign VfB Stuttgart and Austria centre-forward Sasa Kalajdzic in the ongoing transfer window. (thehardtackle.com)
Products3
- Once the facility has been completed, SASA will be able to produce polyester products without having to import PTA - a raw material commonly imported from Asia. (ebrd.com)
- Over his twenty years career at AMD, Sasa has successfully launched several generations of disruptive AMD products and will be responsible for the introduction of the next generation of AMD's Ryzen and Radeon products. (dvhardware.net)
- Shop Sasa for the top fragrances, cosmetics, hair care products and m. (keycode.com)
Association3
- The South African Sugar Association (SASA) respects the constitutional right to privacy therefore it takes the Protection of Personal Information seriously by ensuring that Personal Information is handled in accordance with the Protection of Personal Information No.4 of 2013 (POPIA). (sasa.org.za)
- The annual Security Association of South Africa (Western Cape) Charity Golf Day will be held at Durbanville Golf Course on the 12th of March 2018 in aid of SASA charities. (securitysa.com)
- A merger between the Security Association of South Africa (SASA) and Security Services Employers Organisation (SSEO) is imminent. (securitysa.com)
Free2
- The manual is also available for inspection at the offices of SASA free of charge and copies are available with the SAHRC, in the Gazette, and on the SASA website. (sasa.org.za)
- Free Shipping at Sasa. (keycode.com)
Division2
- Though Sasa is not perceived as an avid competitor in the main IBJJF competitions (Jiu Jitsu's main federation), his skills have earned him medals at the black belt division of the World (Mundial) and Pan American championships, making him one of the top super featherweights of his generation. (bjjheroes.com)
- It was Nakai who awarded all belts to Yukinori Sasa, including his black belt in 2005, shortly after Sasa won the World Jiu-Jitsu Championship in the brown belt division. (bjjheroes.com)
Shop1
- Shop Sasa and enjoy worldwide shipping and additional savings when you use Sasa promotion codes. (keycode.com)
Read1
- Please read this policy carefully before submitting any Personal Information to SASA. (sasa.org.za)
Works2
- The themes of Saša Bezjak's works relate expressly to intimacy, to interpersonal relationships, to the inner recesses of human physicality, intrinsically abstracted to the primordial, even primitive simplicity. (cd-cc.si)
- If the basic tone is primarily antagonistic, it is so in stark contrast to what this principle seems to demand of the artist herself: the notion that, despite being done in a naturalistic/primitive/primordial technique, the works of Saša Bezjak evince a strong emotional charge, a revolution of emotions that brims irresistibly over the surface of the depicted line drawing. (cd-cc.si)
Made1
- What made you decide to apply to SaSa? (nasa.gov)
Black1
- Yukinori Sasa is a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt under the legendary Yuki Nakai , from the renowned grappling academy Paraestra in Japan. (bjjheroes.com)
Industry1
- I am confident that our partnership will strengthen the company's path to sustainability and ensure further opportunities for growth, rendering SASA a key player in its industry. (ebrd.com)
Conditions1
- The information Regulator is the body that aims to promote the protection of personal Information processed by Responsible Parties like SASA by, introducing certain conditions for the lawful processing of Personal Information to establish minimum requirements for the processing of such Information. (sasa.org.za)
Version1
- See Sasa f for the female version. (nordicnames.de)
Personal1
- The purpose of this Notice is to confirm SASA commitment in protecting your Personal Information by setting out which information is collected about you on the SASA Platforms, how that information is used by SASA, how it is protected and how long your Personal Information is stored. (sasa.org.za)
Research1
- I decided to apply to SASA because this opportunity will grant me the chance to engage with professional NASA engineers and scientists through interdisciplinary research in earth and geological sciences, and provide a networking opportunity for more internships similar to this one. (nasa.gov)
Statistics1
- No recent statistics trend found in databases for Sasa . (nordicnames.de)