Scent Glands
Exocrine Glands
Animals, Inbred Strains
Anal Sacs
Gerbillinae
Comparative morphology of the cloacal scent gland in snakes (Serpentes: Reptilia). (1/44)
The histology of the cloacal scent gland, or anal gland, was examined from a diverse group of 50 snakes. Extensive interspecific morphological variation was observed in the general structure of the gland and the glandular epithelium. Morphological variants were quantitatively scored from eight features: lobate nature of the gland; septa in the glandular epithelium; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular outer surface; glandular epithelium having a rough or irregular inner surface; thickness of the glandular epithelium; PAS reactivity in the glandular epithelium; Periodic Acid-Schiff reactivity in the secretory product; and relative size of the cloacal scent gland. The distribution of the encoded morphological variation was compared to an established phylogeny for snakes and used as the basis for a cluster analysis. In both cases there was no apparent relationship between phylogeny and the morphological variation of the cloacal scent gland. (+info)Observation of marking-like behavior, marking behavior, and growth of the scent gland in young Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) of an inbred strain. (2/44)
A marking-like behavior (defined by authors), a marking behavior, and growth of the scent glands were observed in young Mongolian gerbils of an inbred strain. In males and females, a marking-like behavior, in which animals rub their abdominal scent glands on the floor, began to be seen at the age of 19 days and could be seen in almost all the gerbils at 22 days of age during the suckling period. The frequency of this behavior was highest at 60 days of age (males: 17.9/10 min, females: 15.4/10 min) and there was no sex difference. Marking behavior, in which animals rub their abdominal scent glands on small protruding objects, began to be seen at the age of 40 days in males and 50 days in females. The frequency of this behavior tended to increase until 90 days of age in males (13.7/10 min), but the levels were low (2.5-5.0/10 min) in females. The values in the male group therefore tended to be higher than that in the female group. Macroscopic scent gland pads were clearly observed at the age of 30 days in males, but not until 45 days of age in females. At the age of 45-90 days, the length of the scent gland pad in males and females was 2.1-2.8 and 1.6-1.7 cm, respectively and the width was 0.3-0.5 in males and 0.2-0.3 cm in females. During this period, the length and depth of the pads in males were significantly greater than those in females (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the structure of the scent glands after the age of 45 days showed that the development of clusters of acinar cells in females occurred much later than that in males, but the basic structure of these glands was similar in both sexes. These results suggest that the marking-like behavior was manifested although during the period when the scent glands had not yet developed, whereas true marking behavior first occurred when the glands were moderately well developed. (+info)Histo-physiology of the scent-marking glands of the penile pad, anal pouch, and the forefoot in the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus). (3/44)
The scentmarking glands of the anal pouch, penile pad, and the forefoot of the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) were studied by histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical methods, and by electron microscopy. The morphological observations are correlated with eco-ethological aspects of this nocturnal animal. In all studied regions there was a superficial layer of holocrine sebaceous glands and a deeper layer of apocrine scent glands; these two types of glands apparently function in concert. Only in the forefoot were additional tubular glands, resembling eccrine sweat glands found, which may improve the frictional capacities of the paw, while apocrine and holocrine glands serve scent-marking functions of the forefoot. Penile pad and anal pouch are exclusively scent marking organs. The secretion modus of the apocrine glands is both via exocytosis and apocrine mechanism. Homogeneous apical, secretory granules, which contain glycoproteinaceous material, represent evidence for exocytosis. In the anal pouch, additional variably sized granules contain endogenous pigments which are probably responsible for the brownish coloration of the secretory product of the male animals. Variable heights of the glandular cells, frequent apical tall protrusions as well as pinched-off pieces of cytoplasm in the glandular tubules support the concept of an apocrine secretion in the scent glands. The immunohistochemical staining pattern of actin points to the involvement of actin filaments in the pinching-off process of the apical cell protrusion, which does not contain any cell organelles. The variable actin staining patterns suggest a dynamic process during which actin filaments form a ring or sheet at the basis of the pinching-off bleb. Proliferative and apoptotic phenomena show no preference for active and inactive glandular cells suggesting that replacement of cells occurs independently of the functional status of the glands. (+info)Marking behavior is innate and not learned in the Mongolian gerbil. (4/44)
We studied whether marking behavior in Mongolian gerbils would be innate or learned behavior. The marking behavior was defined as "animals rubbing their abdominal scent glands on small protruding objects". Between 21 and 90 days of age, Mongolian gerbils, which were kept under such conditions that they would be unable to learn this behavior, were observed at intervals of 5-15 days to find out if there were signs of the behavior or not. Six male and four female Mongolian gerbils were used for observing. Neonate Mongolian gerbils during the age of 3 to 28 days were fostered by ICR mother mice. Weaning Mongolian gerbils were then individually kept away from the others. Marking behavior was observed in 2 out of 6 males at 50 days of age and 2 of 4 females at 60 days and the mean frequency of the marking behavior for 10 min was 3.5 in the males and 5.0 in the females. These results suggest that marking behavior was innate and not learned behavior in Mongolian gerbils. (+info)Female marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) can be identified from the chemical composition of their scent marks. (5/44)
The present study analyzed 42 organic solvent extracts of scent mark pools from five dominant female common marmosets by gas chromatography (GC) and combined GC and mass spectrometry. We determined whether there were qualitative or quantitative differences between the chemical composition of scent marks from individual females. Gas chromatography and mass spectral analysis detected the same 162 chemicals in 86% (36/42) of scent mark pools from five dominant females. This near identical chemical composition of scent marks suggested there were few, if any, qualitative differences between the chemical composition of scent marks from individual females. Instead, quantitative differences in scent may provide the key factor distinguishing individual females. Using the relative concentration of highly volatile chemicals detected by GC in scent marks, linear discriminant analysis classified scent mark pools to their correct donor approximately 91% of the time. Such highly reliable statistical matching of scent to donor suggested that each individual female common marmoset has a unique ratio of highly volatile chemicals in their scent marks which may permit individual identification of females from odors in their scent alone. (+info)Age-related changes on marking, marking-like behavior and the scent gland in adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). (6/44)
Marking behavior, marking-like behavior [3], and changes of the scent glands were observed in aged Mongolian gerbils. In Experiment 1, changes in the marking and marking-like behavior with aging were evaluated in adult male and female Mongolian gerbils of an inbred strain aged 6 to 36 months. The frequency of marking behavior in males was significantly higher than females throughout the observation period except at 36 months of age. On the other hand, frequency of marking-like behavior in males, but not in females decreased with aging, significantly. In Experiment 2, changes of the scent gland in adult males and females aged 6 to 36 months were morphologically evaluated. Macroscopic examination revealed an increase in the size length and width of the glands of males aged 12 months and females aged 6 months. Histologically the glands of all the males and females aged 6 months developed moderately or well. Some of the 12-month-old males and females showed acinar atrophy of the glands, and all the females aged 18 months or more had highly atrophied scent glands. From these results, we concluded that there is no relationship between the changes of marking behavior and those of the scent glands in aged male Mongolian gerbils, and assume that marking behavior in aged animals does not have an important meaning as marking. In Experiment 3, marking and marking-like behavior in castrated adult Mongolian gerbils aged 16 weeks were observed. The result showed that marking behavior, not marking-like behavior was inhibited after castration. From these findings, we consider that generally marking behavior in Mongolian gerbils consists of androgen-dependent marking behavior and androgen-independent marking behavior (marking-like behavior). (+info)Putative chemosignals of the ferret (Mustela furo) associated with individual and gender recognition. (7/44)
Quantitative stir bar sorptive extraction methods, both in the aqueous and headspace modes, followed by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to investigate individual variations in the volatile components of male and female ferret (Mustela furo) urine. The urinary profiles were further compared with volatile profiles of anal gland secretions of breeding male and female ferrets. Thirty volatile compounds were quantified in male and female urine. Among them, 2-methylquinoline was unique to male urine. Four ketones (4-heptanone, 2-heptanone, o-aminoacetophenone, and a dimethoxyacetophenone) and several nitrogen compounds (e.g., 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, quinoline, 4-methylquinazoline) and low levels of three unidentified nonsulfur compounds were significantly more abundant in males than in females. Quantitative comparison of 30 volatile urinary compounds showed several statistically significant differences between the sexes and individuals of the same sex. These findings suggest that ferrets may use urine marking for sex and individual recognitions. Ten of the 26 compounds identified in anal gland secretions from females and males were also found in urine. However, most of the major compounds (thietanes, dithiolanes, and indole) in anal glands were not present in urine. This suggests that urine may convey specific signals that differ from those of anal glands. Additionally, 10 volatiles (two aldehydes, five ketones, benzothiazole, 2-methylquinoline, and 4-methylquinazoline), not previously identified, were found in ferret anal gland secretions. Among the new compounds, o-aminoacetophenone was found only in males, while only traces of this compound were found in females. Similar results were previously obtained in anal glands of three other Mustela species. These findings provide new information about the constituents of urine and volatile components of anal gland secretions in ferrets. (+info)Putative chemical signals about sex, individuality, and genetic background in the preputial gland and urine of the house mouse (Mus musculus). (8/44)
To explore whether preputial gland secretions and/or urine from the house mouse (Mus musculus) can be used for coding information about sex, individuality, and/or the genetic background of strain [ICR/albino, Kunming (KM), and C57BL/6], we compared the volatile compositions of mouse preputial glands and urine using a combination of dichloromethane extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Of the 40 identified compounds in preputial gland secretions, 31 were esters, 2 sesquiterpens, and 7 alcohols. We failed to find any compound unique to a specific sex, individual, or strain. However, many low molecular weight compounds between the sexes, most compounds among individuals, and several compounds among the 3 strains varied significantly in relative ratios. These quantitative differences in preputial gland volatiles (analog coding) are likely to convey information about sex, individual, and the genetic background of mouse strain. We identified 2 new main and male-elevated compounds, 1-hexadecanol (Z=3.676, P=0.000, N=19 in ICR; Z=3.576, P=0.000, N=18) and 1-hexadecanol acetate (Z=3.429, P=0.000, N=19 in ICR; Z=3.225, P=0.001, N=18), which were eluted in GC chromatogram after the 2 sesquiterpens. They might also be potential male pheromones, in addition to the well-known E-beta-farnesene and E,E-alpha-farnesene. Additionally, a few compounds including 1-hexadecanol also varied with strains and might also code for genetic information. Of the 9 identified volatile compounds in male urine, (s)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole and R,R-3,4-dehydro-exo-brevicomin are known urine-originated male pheromones from previous studies. We also detected 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone, a male urinary pheromonal compound, which had not been directly detected by GC-MS previously. Chemical analysis shows that the genetically more closely related ICR and KM strains had a higher similarity in the volatile compositions of preputial glands and urine than that between ICR or KM and C57BL/6. R,R-3,4-dehydro-exo-brevicomin, in particular, was sensitive to genetic shifts and differed in relative abundance among the 3 strains, whereas (s)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole differed between ICR or Km and C57BL/6. Hence, these 2 compounds might code for information about their genetic background. (+info)Scent glands are specialized sebaceous (oil) or sudoriferous (sweat) glands in various animals that produce and release scents for different purposes, such as marking territory, attracting mates, or providing warning signals. These scents can be released through various methods, including rubbing, spraying, or secreting onto fur or skin. Examples of scent glands include the anal glands in dogs and cats, the musk glands in deer, and the civet gland in civets. In humans, scent glands are not as developed or specialized, but some sebaceous glands can produce scents associated with personal body odor.
Arachnida is a class of joint-legged invertebrate animals that includes spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. They are characterized by having two main body segments (the cephalothorax and the abdomen), eight legs, and simple eyes. Most arachnids produce silk, which they use for various purposes such as capturing prey or building shelters.
Arachnids are arthropods, a group that also includes insects, crustaceans, and other related animals. They are found worldwide in diverse habitats, ranging from forests and grasslands to deserts and caves. Many arachnids are predators, feeding on insects and other small animals. Some species are parasites, living on the blood or tissue of other organisms.
Arachnids have a hard exoskeleton made of chitin, which provides protection and support for their soft internal organs. They molt periodically to grow and replace damaged body parts. Arachnids also have a complex reproductive system that involves the transfer of sperm from the male to the female through specialized structures called pedipalps.
While some arachnids are harmless or even beneficial to humans, others can be dangerous or pests. For example, spider bites can cause painful reactions and in rare cases, death. Ticks and mites can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease and scrub typhus. Scorpions can deliver venomous stings that can be fatal to humans. Despite these risks, arachnids play important roles in ecosystems, controlling pests and contributing to nutrient cycling.
Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.
Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:
1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.
Inbreeding in animals refers to the mating of closely related individuals, such as siblings or offspring of siblings, over multiple generations. An inbred strain is a population of animals produced by this repeated mating of close relatives, which results in a high degree of genetic similarity among members of the strain.
Inbreeding can lead to an increase in homozygosity, where identical alleles are present at corresponding loci on both chromosomes. This can result in the expression of recessive traits, some of which may be deleterious or even lethal. However, inbred strains also have advantages, such as reduced genetic variability, which makes them useful for scientific research.
Inbred strains are commonly used in biomedical research, including genetics, immunology, and behavioral studies. They provide a consistent and controlled genetic background, allowing researchers to study the effects of specific genes or environmental factors with greater precision. Additionally, inbred strains can be crossed with other strains to create hybrid populations, which can be used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) and identify genes associated with complex traits.
Anal sacs, also known as scent glands or scent sacs, are small paired sac-like structures located on either side of the anus in many mammals, including dogs and cats. These sacs produce a foul-smelling liquid that is used for marking territory and communication with other animals. In some cases, the ducts leading from the anal sacs can become blocked, causing discomfort or infection, which may require medical intervention.
Gerbillinae is a subfamily of rodents that includes gerbils, jirds, and sand rats. These small mammals are primarily found in arid regions of Africa and Asia. They are characterized by their long hind legs, which they use for hopping, and their long, thin tails. Some species have adapted to desert environments by developing specialized kidneys that allow them to survive on minimal water intake.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of gas chromatography with the identification capabilities of mass spectrometry. This method is used to separate, identify, and quantify different components in complex mixtures.
In GC-MS, the mixture is first vaporized and carried through a long, narrow column by an inert gas (carrier gas). The various components in the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase inside the column, leading to their separation based on their partition coefficients between the mobile and stationary phases. As each component elutes from the column, it is then introduced into the mass spectrometer for analysis.
The mass spectrometer ionizes the sample, breaks it down into smaller fragments, and measures the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments. This information is used to generate a mass spectrum, which serves as a unique "fingerprint" for each compound. By comparing the generated mass spectra with reference libraries or known standards, analysts can identify and quantify the components present in the original mixture.
GC-MS has wide applications in various fields such as forensics, environmental analysis, drug testing, and research laboratories due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and ability to analyze volatile and semi-volatile compounds.
Scent gland
Preorbital gland
Cat communication
Parkia pendula
Addax
Cat behavior
Franklin's ground squirrel
Southern red muntjac
Sitatunga
Bovidae
Red-bellied lemur
Maud Doria Haviland
Muntjac
Mongolian gerbil
Ovis
Wildlife of China
Lemur
Coquerel's sifaka
Arocatus melanocephalus
Ring-tailed lemur
Impala
Maxwell's duiker
Sifaka
Northern brown bandicoot
Alpine shrew
Aardwolf
American mink
Tessaratomidae
Musgraveia sulciventris
Stoat
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Anal scent1
- Infection is the most common cause of anal scent gland dysfunction. (professorshouse.com)
Tarsal glands3
- During rub-urination, the animal squats while urinating so that urine will run down the insides of its legs and onto its tarsal glands. (wikipedia.org)
- The tarsal glands have a tuft of hair which is specially adapted to extract certain chemical compounds from the animal's urine. (wikipedia.org)
- They communicate through their interdigital and tarsal glands. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Paws3
- As with all members of the feline species, cats have scent glands on their paws. (constantcontact.com)
- When they claim territory, they leave scent markers that come from glands on their paws. (webmd.com)
- When they knead, the glands on their paws release their scent wherever they are pressing down. (1800petmeds.com)
Musk glands2
- Vinther reckons the Psittacosaurus 's skin flaps could have hidden musk glands producing sexually attractive scents. (newscientist.com)
- However, there is no such thing as a skinless ferret so the musk glands in the skin stay. (gpb.org)
Cats10
- Cats have scent glands in various locations on their bodies and use them to communicate. (petplace.com)
- The bunting behavior leaves scent marking on you or objects to help them communicate pleasure or ownership or to other cats as a way to say "hello" in a peaceful manner. (petplace.com)
- Cats have scent glands on their cheeks and head. (dgrc.org)
- Not only do cats have scent glands on their cheeks, they also have them on their paw pads. (1800petmeds.com)
- Cats nuzzle to show affection and to mark territory, behaviors that share the common goal of leaving their scent behind. (hillspet.com)
- Cats have a very strong sense of smell - much better than their humans' sense - and they use scent as one of their main ways of collecting data about their environment. (hillspet.com)
- Identifying you as an important and comforting part of their environment makes sense when you look at where else cats leave their scent. (hillspet.com)
- There are three primary ways cats deposit scent: urine, feces, and specialized skin glands. (revivalanimal.com)
- Domestic cats deposit their scent and most home owners don't appreciate when their cats spray urine to mark their territory. (revivalanimal.com)
- Cats have scent glands in their face, and bunting allows them to mark their territory, bond with other cats, or show affection. (nationalgeographic.com)
Secrete3
- Buck Identification 101: Bucks secrete scents from the preorbital gland found in the corner of the eye onto licking branches to identify each other. (killbuck.com)
- Ferrets have scents glands peppered throughout their skin that secrete musky oils. (gpb.org)
- To mark their territory, giant pandas secrete a waxy scent marker from a scent gland underneath their tail. (livescience.com)
Toes1
- Why do tigers have scent glands between their toes? (uchicago.edu)
Preorbital1
- He may then rub his face on the overhanging branch, depositing secretions from the sudoriferous and preorbital glands on it. (wikipedia.org)
Interdigital3
- First, the animal scrapes at the dirt with its hooves, depositing the scent from his interdigital gland on the ground. (wikipedia.org)
- Big Buck Adventures is the only company in the Midwest that adds glands such as interdigital, tarsal, pubescent gland and anal sex gland glands mixed with our urine. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Interdigital gland. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Bacteria6
- This is usually very obvious as the gland will swell, and often the initial location of the cut will offer some mild oozing to reveal the damage and the entry for the bacteria. (professorshouse.com)
- Those glands are made up of fatty tissue and bacteria will start to form to get that strong musk smell. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- EAST LANSING, Mich. - Bacteria in hyenas' scent glands may be the key controllers of communication. (eurekalert.org)
- Bacteria in scent glands give information about hosts' species, sex and reproductive state. (bioedonline.org)
- Now, researchers have found evidence that bacteria living in the scent glands of hyenas help to produce the smells that the animals use to identify group members and tell when females are ready to mate. (bioedonline.org)
- Kevin Theis, a microbial ecologist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, had been studying hyena scent communication for several years when, after he gave a talk on the subject, someone asked him what part the bacteria might play. (bioedonline.org)
Sebaceous1
- Washing your skin too much causes your sebaceous glands to over react and create excess oil… the same goes for ferrets. (gpb.org)
Preputial1
- Preputial gland Bucks only have this gland. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Tail1
- It's most effective using a key wick scent pad by dipping the tail of the wick into the scent. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Secretions3
- The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) have many specialized skin glands, the secretions of which are involved in semiochemical communication. (wikipedia.org)
- After that, he may bite the tip off an overhanging branch, depositing secretions from his salivary glands onto the branch. (wikipedia.org)
- Both males and females occupy territories that they scent mark with secretions from glands on their chests and under the base of their tails. (aspinallfoundation.org)
Species3
- Like many other species of Artiodactyla, deer have seven major external scent glands distributed throughout their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
- Deer rely heavily on these scent glands to communicate with other members of their species, and possibly even with members of other species. (wikipedia.org)
- They are similar to, though much more developed than, the glands found in species of the Mustelidae family. (disabled-world.com)
Anus4
- Like herpestids it has a perianal skin gland inside an anal sac which surrounds the anus like a pocket. (wikipedia.org)
- Anal scent glands are two glands that mirror each other just along the anus, located smack in between the internal sphincter muscles and the external sphincter muscles. (professorshouse.com)
- Scent glands are present on the face and the anus and genital regions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Skunks have two glands, one on each side of the anus. (disabled-world.com)
Defensive1
- The most notorious feature of skunks is their anal scent glands, which they can use as a defensive weapon. (disabled-world.com)
Lures1
- At Kishel's Quality Animal Scents and Lures, our mission has always been to produce the most advanced, most effective animal scent stimulants on the market. (kishelscents.com)
Territory3
- With the bucks it becomes a territorial gland when they rub urinate to tell if there is another buck in their territory. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- One benefit of sharing a common microbial community in their scent pouches would be in terms of job sharing when hyenas scent mark their territory," Theis said. (eurekalert.org)
- They mark their territory with scent glands. (thebigzoo.com)
Males and females1
- In addition, in the spotted hyenas, both the bacterial and scent profiles varied between males and females, and with the reproductive state of females - all attributes that hyenas are known to be able to infer from scent pastes. (bioedonline.org)
Nasal2
- Nasal and Saliva Gland. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Nasal gland to keep the nose moist for better smelling. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Mammals3
- Scent gland are exocrine glands found in most mammals. (wikipedia.org)
- It's also widely known that most mammals use scent to signal a wide range of traits, including sex, age, reproductive status and group membership. (eurekalert.org)
- Ferrets coming from the Mustelidae family, a group of mammals known for having anal scent glands. (gpb.org)
Compounds2
- As long as the scents do not freeze in the bottles and the compounds of the glands stay attached, the gland base scents will be effective for the next deer season. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Some compounds evaporate more quickly than others and, as they do, the rose's scent changes -- many modern roses are scentless. (helpmefind.com)
Theis2
- The results, featured in the current issue of Scientific Reports , show a clear relationship between the diversity of hyena clans and the distinct microbial communities that reside in their scent glands, said Kevin Theis, the paper's lead author and Michigan State University postdoctoral researcher. (eurekalert.org)
- Using this technique, Theis and his colleagues last year published a study that identified more types of bacterium living in the hyenas' scent glands than the 15 previous studies of mammal scent glands combined. (bioedonline.org)
Hyenas2
- image: MSU researchers show that microbes help hyenas communicate via scent. (eurekalert.org)
- Field samples were collected from hyenas' scent pouches and analyzed using next-generation sequence technology back at MSU labs. (eurekalert.org)
Chin1
- They have scent glands under their chin. (volumeone.org)
Urine7
- This compound does not originate in the tarsal gland itself, but rather it is extracted from the animal's urine by the tarsal hair tuft during the rub-urination process. (wikipedia.org)
- Big Buck Adventures has started out as a urine base scent company. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Our gland base scents are 80% glands and 20% urine making them a gland base. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- All our urine is preserved making it a high quality urine mixed with our glands. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- This gland will hold some urine. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- this gland will mix with the urine when the bucks rub urinate on the tarsal gland. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- This scent works best with Ultimate Scrape Mix, Dominant Buck Urine, Buck Fever and Hot Rage Buck urine when your are making your ground mock scrapes. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Infection1
- However, poor surgical removal and after care care can result in infection, damage to the sensitive area around the glands, and incontinence. (gpb.org)
Bucks3
- Big Buck Adventures gland base scents are one of a kind that will help increase day movement in deer activity to help bring those Bucks during your shooting hours. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- This communication gland to help tell the bucks when the does are ready for breeding. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- This scent is the main communicator with all bucks. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Release7
- Their main job is to release a personal and identifying scent, thus offering a simple explanation why dogs insist on sniffing each other's rear ends upon meeting. (professorshouse.com)
- When a dog is stressed, physically or emotionally, their body's natural reaction is to release a sudden and intense discharge from their anal glands. (professorshouse.com)
- Before a fight, the sudden release from the anal glands seems like it alters the dog's aroma. (professorshouse.com)
- The scent glands release pheromones. (petplace.com)
- Their glands also release a pungent smell when the animal is irritated or frightened. (aspinallfoundation.org)
- those glands release a scent, and the scents in combination create trails the other ants can follow. (npr.org)
- The sympathetic nervous system acts directly on the adrenal gland to promote epinephrine and norepinephrine release. (bvsalud.org)
Muscles1
- Muscles located next to the scent glands allow them to spray with a high degree of accuracy. (disabled-world.com)
Adult1
- Adult rabbits have a scent, while babies do not yest have a strong scent. (rabbit.org)
Smell3
- This is the alarm gland smell when deer stomp their feet. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- This is what Big Buck Adventures collect to put in our Doe in Heat and Doe Passion scents to make them a strong communication smell and scent. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- These glands produce a mixture of sulfur-containing chemicals such as methyl and butyl thiols traditionally called mercaptans, which have a highly offensive smell that can be described as a combination of the odors of rotten eggs, garlic and burnt rubber. (disabled-world.com)
Forehead3
- Forehead gland. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- All deer have this gland but the buck use this gland to rub their forehead scent on to the rubs. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- It's a small dark patch usually brown on the forehead where they leave that communication scent on rubs. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Found4
- Anal glands are found in all carnivora including wolves, bears, sea otters and kinkajous. (wikipedia.org)
- Big Buck Adventures and the staff have found the gland and are using that gland in our products. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- These gland are found in does only. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Now, they have found that the structure of the bacterial communities varied depending on the scent profiles of the sour, musky-smelling 'pastes' that the animals left on grass stalks to communicate with members of their clan. (bioedonline.org)
Researchers1
- Deer have 7 known glands but 1 that researchers are looking for. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Scrapes1
- Big Buck Adventures will start this scent in mid- August to start our locations of our mock scrapes. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Cleaning2
- De-Shed Bath, Nail Trim, Glands, Ear Cleaning, Spritz of Scent, 45-60 minutes of brushing with special Furminator brush for double-coated dogs. (campbowwow.com)
- Cleaning anal glands, really? (binkybunny.com)
Communicate2
- Your cat relies on scent to communicate. (webmd.com)
- Fossas communicate largely through scent glands. (aspinallfoundation.org)
Communication3
- Canids have several scent glands that are used in olfactory communication. (wikipedia.org)
- How to and when to use scents with each communication. (bigbuckadventures.com)
- Communication via scent is a cat's natural instinct. (revivalanimal.com)
Identification1
- Scent glands used for group identification are located on their rump. (sfzoo.org)
Strong1
- Other glands are located near the penis or vagina, with the penile glands emitting a strong odor. (wikipedia.org)
Back1
- The glands around the back can be dealt with. (gpb.org)
Present2
- If you are going to allow someone else to drain the glands, make sure you are present and paying attention, just in case there is ever a time when you have little to no choice but to drain the glands yourself or watch your dog wriggle around in complete discomfort. (professorshouse.com)
- It removes the scent and potential risks like ruptures or tumors that the presence of glands present. (gpb.org)
Branch1
- Saliva gland used to leave scent on the licking branch when deer chew on the licking branch. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Area1
- They're putting their scent on that specific area by scratching and kneading. (webmd.com)
Function2
- Though it is not their primary function, the salivary glands may also function as scent glands in some animals. (wikipedia.org)
- when petals are hard the scent glands function poorly. (helpmefind.com)
Main1
- One of the main building blocks in building a quality scent. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Common1
- The vaginal mucosa is squamous epithelium, vaginal mucous glands are absent, the normal vaginal flora is similar to that of postmenopausal women (eg, gram-positive cocci and anaerobic gram-negatives are more common), and the labia are thin with a thin hymen. (medscape.com)
External1
- The tarsal gland appears to operate by a different mechanism than the other external scent glands. (wikipedia.org)
NOTE1
- Quick note: The removal of the scent glands is slightly controversial. (gpb.org)
Base1
- Because of our one of a kind scents, gland base scents do not have a expiration date. (bigbuckadventures.com)
Hard1
- While it may not be a suitable job for the weak stomach, anal glands are not that hard to drain. (professorshouse.com)
Give1
- Attractive scent glands, from a worker ant, were attached to the robot to give it the pheromones of an ant teacher. (sciencedaily.com)
Special1
- Many quadrupeds leave complex olfactory marks in their environment, and some, like koalas, have special pectoral glands for scent marking. (edu.au)
Cover1
- As well as buying from you, he's also your man for bait and cover scent lotion. (gamesradar.com)
Role1
- We will look at the evolutionary basis, the role of scent glands, and possible social triggers. (bullwrinkle.com)