Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
Iridoid Glucosides
Iridoids
Catharanthus
Carbon-Nitrogen Lyases
Vinca Alkaloids
Alkaloids
Ergot Alkaloids
Formation of an unusual dimeric compound by lead tetraacetate oxidation of a corynanthe-type indole alkaloid, mitragynine. (1/44)
Lead tetraacetate oxidation of a Corynanthe-type indole alkaloid, mitragynine, produced mainly 7-acetoxyindolenine derivative (2) together with a dimeric compound (4) as a minor product. The novel structure having a bridge between the C-11' and C-7 positions in the respective indolenine parts and its formation mechanism were studied. (+info)Gluco-indole alkaloids from Nauclea cadamba in Thailand and transformation of 3 alpha-dihydrocadambine into the indolopyridine alkaloid, 16-carbomethoxynaufoline. (2/44)
Three monoterpenoid gluco-indole alkaloids, 3beta-isodihydrocadambine, cadambine, and 3alpha-dihydrocadambine, were isolated from Nauclea cadamba ROXB. growing in Thailand. The stereochemistry at C19 in 3beta-isodihydrocadambine was elucidated to be R by spectroscopic analysis. Treatment of 3alpha-dihydrocadambine with beta-glucosidase in aqueous ammonium acetate solution gave an indolopyridine alkaloid, 16-carbomethoxynaufoline, and an unusually rearranged compound. (+info)Chlorpromazine alone and with reserpine; use in the treatment of mental diseases. (3/44)
One hundred psychiatric patients were treated with chlorpromazine, alone or combined with reserpine. Fifty-six per cent of patients with chronic schizophrenic reactions showed moderate or pronounced improvement when treated with chlorpromazine alone. The results of treatment with the combined drugs were not so good as that. Indications are that treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenic reactions is more efficacious with these drugs than with other forms of somatic therapy. Complications of treatment were far greater with combined use of chlorpromazine and reserpine. For this reason, the combination appears to have limited usefulness. The Parkinson syndrome was the most frequent complication of large doses of these drugs. It appears to be a toxic reaction, requiring reduction in dosage. Jaundice appears to be neither a frequent nor a serious complication of treatment. (+info)Use of tranquilizers in diseases of the skin; a preliminary report. (4/44)
Tranquilizing agents such as chlorpromazine and reserpine were used in various diseases of the skin in which the psychogenic factors were considered important etiologic agents. While a tranquilizing effect was obtained in the majority of instances, the side reactions and variation in response were so great as to render these agents unsatisfactory for routine use as tranquilizers. Meprobamate (marketed under the trade names Miltown and Equanil) was then used on a group of dermatologic patients with more consistent tranquilizing effect and comparatively little unpleasant side reactions. It is felt that further study of the use of meprobamate as a tranquilizing agent in dermatology is worth while. (+info)Reserpine and chlorpromazine, their use in alcoholic and geriatric patients. (5/44)
Although reserpine and chlorpromazine had tranquilizing effect on a number of geriatric and alcoholic patients in a state hospital, several complicating results were noted, some with a bearing on the patients' health and others that might affect the assignment of personnel. Lipoprotein studies carried out on patients receiving reserpine seemed to indicate that a reduction in the blood levels of the denser lipoprotein molecules took place during therapy. Several elderly patients receiving chlorpromazine died of diseases that were not as sharply manifest by symptoms as they might be expected to be. Hence the need for closer observation than a limited staff could afford seemed a matter for consideration. Another consideration of the same order was the possible need for increased personnel for psychotherapy in light of the more receptive condition of the patients. (+info)Prepartum nausea and vomiting; a new approach to treatment. (6/44)
A controlled study of 101 patients indicated that a combination of amphetamine and Rauwolfia was effective in the treatment of prepartum nausea and vomiting. Good to excellent results were obtained in 53 (83 per cent) of 64 patients who received the combination. Five patients reported fair results; six were not benefited by the treatment. Only five of a control group of 37 patients who received placebos reported good results. In addition to relief of the symptoms of nausea and vomiting, concomitant emotional disturbances, notably anxiety and depression, were alleviated by the drug combination. (+info)Chemistry and pharmacology of analgesic indole alkaloids from the rubiaceous plant, Mitragyna speciosa. (7/44)
The leaves of a tropical plant, Mitragyna speciosa KORTH (Rubiaceae), have been traditionally used as a substitute for opium. Phytochemical studies of the constituents of the plant growing in Thailand and Malaysia have led to the isolation of several 9-methoxy-Corynanthe-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including new natural products. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and/or synthetic methods. The potent opioid agonistic activities of mitragynine, the major constituent of this plant, and its analogues were found in in vitro and in vivo experiments and the mechanisms underlying the analgesic activity were clarified. The essential structural features of mitragynines, which differ from those of morphine and are responsible for the analgesic activity, were elucidated by pharmacological evaluation of the natural and synthetic derivatives. Among the mitragynine derivatives, 7-hydroxymitragynine, a minor constituent of M. speciosa, was found to exhibit potent antinociceptive activity in mice. (+info)Development of a novel system for producing ajmalicine and serpentine using direct culture of leaves in Catharanthus roseus intact plant. (8/44)
Due to problems of production instability, the production of plant secondary metabolites using dedifferentiated cells (callus) is not always feasible on an industrial scale. To propose a new methodology, which does not use dedifferentiated cells, a novel system for producing useful secondary metabolites using the direct culture of intact plant leaves was developed. Catharanthus roseus was used as a model medicinal plant to produce terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) by suspension culture of the leaves in the phytohormone-free MS liquid medium. Adjustment of the osmotic pressure (993 kPa at 25 degrees C) in the medium, light irradiation (60 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and addition of glucose (10 g/l) were effective to promote the production of TIAs such as ajmalicine (Aj) and serpentine (Sp). On the basis of semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses, it was revealed that the culture conditions promoted gene expression of enzymes in the TIA pathway in the cultured leaves. By feeding glucose (10 g/l) on day 10 of the culture period, Aj was produced at a concentration of about 18 mg/l and Sp was produced at a concentration about 11-fold that of the control. These results represent the first step in the development of a novel production system for plant secondary metabolites. (+info)Secologanin tryptamine alkaloids are a type of alkaloid compound that is derived from the combination of secologanin (a metabolite found in certain plants) and tryptamine (an organic compound that is a building block for several neurotransmitters). These alkaloids have been identified in various plant species, including those in the genera *Psychotria* and *Uncaria*, and are known to exhibit a range of pharmacological activities. Some examples of secologanin tryptamine alkaloids include ajmalicine, reserpine, and yohimbine, which have been used in traditional medicine for their sedative, antihypertensive, and aphrodisiac properties, respectively. However, it is important to note that these compounds can also have toxic effects and should only be used under the guidance of a medical professional.
Iridoid glucosides are a type of plant-based compounds that are characterized by their iridoid structure, which is a cyclic organic compound containing a cyclopentane ring fused to a six-membered unsaturated carbocycle. These compounds are often found in plants as glycosides, meaning they are combined with a sugar molecule such as glucose.
Iridoid glucosides have been identified in a variety of plant families, including the Lamiaceae (mint family), Scrophulariaceae (figwort family), and Rubiaceae (coffee family). Some examples of iridoid glucosides include geniposide, which is found in the fruit of the gardenia plant, and aucubin, which is found in the leaves of the eucommia tree.
Iridoid glucosides have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. However, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic uses.
Tryptamines are a class of organic compounds that contain a tryptamine skeleton, which is a combination of an indole ring and a ethylamine side chain. They are commonly found in nature and can be synthesized in the lab. Some tryptamines have psychedelic properties and are used as recreational drugs, such as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin. Others have important roles in the human body, such as serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Tryptamines can also be found in some plants and animals, including certain species of mushrooms, toads, and catnip.
Iridoids are a type of naturally occurring compounds that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are characterized by the presence of a cyclopentanoid structure fused to a monoterpene unit. Iridoids have a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. Some iridoids also have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
In a medical context, iridoids may be mentioned in relation to their presence in certain medicinal plants or herbs used in traditional medicine, or in research investigating their potential pharmacological properties. However, it is important to note that the use of iridoid-containing plants or supplements should only be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as with any medical treatment.
'Catharanthus' is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae family, commonly known as the dogbane family. The most well-known species is Catharanthus roseus, also known as Madagascar periwinkle or rosy periwinkle. This plant contains alkaloids that have been used in the production of drugs for cancer treatment. Vincristine and vinblastine are two such alkaloids derived from C. roseus, which have shown significant anti-cancer properties and are used to treat various types of cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma.
It is important to note that the use of Catharanthus or its derivatives should be under medical supervision due to their potent biological activities and potential side effects.
Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of a carbon-nitrogen bond, releasing an ammonia molecule and leaving a double bond. These enzymes play important roles in various biological processes, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules.
C-N lyases are classified based on the type of bond they cleave and the cofactors or prosthetic groups they use to catalyze the reaction. Some examples of C-N lyases include:
1. Alanine racemase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine to D-alanine, which is an important component of bacterial cell walls.
2. Aspartate transcarbamylase: This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate to aspartate, forming N-carbamoyl aspartate and inorganic phosphate. It is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines.
3. Diaminopimelate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of meso-diaminopimelate to form L-lysine, which is an essential amino acid for humans.
4. Glutamate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate to form γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain.
5. Histidine decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of histidine to form histamine, which is involved in various physiological processes such as immune response and allergic reactions.
C-N lyases are important targets for drug development, particularly in the treatment of bacterial infections and neurological disorders.
Vinca alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemicals derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant, Catharanthus roseus. They are known for their antineoplastic (cancer-fighting) properties and are used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. Some examples of vinca alkaloids include vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine. These agents work by disrupting the normal function of microtubules, which are important components of the cell's structure and play a critical role in cell division. By binding to tubulin, a protein that makes up microtubules, vinca alkaloids prevent the formation of mitotic spindles, which are necessary for cell division. This leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells. However, vinca alkaloids can also affect normal cells, leading to side effects such as neurotoxicity, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal disturbances.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Ergot alkaloids are a type of chemical compound that is produced naturally by certain fungi belonging to the genus Claviceps. These alkaloids are most famously known for being produced by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), which infects cereal grains such as rye and causes a condition known as ergotism in humans and animals that consume the contaminated grain.
Ergot alkaloids have a complex chemical structure and can have various effects on the human body. They are known to act as powerful vasoconstrictors, which means that they cause blood vessels to narrow and can increase blood pressure. Some ergot alkaloids also have psychoactive effects and have been used in the past for their hallucinogenic properties.
In modern medicine, certain ergot alkaloids are used in the treatment of various conditions, including migraines and Parkinson's disease. However, these compounds can be highly toxic if not used properly, and their use must be carefully monitored to avoid serious side effects.
Indole alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compound that contain an indole structural unit, which is a heterocyclic aromatic ring system consisting of a benzene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. These compounds are produced by various plants and animals as secondary metabolites, and they have diverse biological activities. Some indole alkaloids have important pharmacological properties and are used in medicine as drugs or lead compounds for drug discovery. Examples of medically relevant indole alkaloids include reserpine, which is used to treat hypertension, and vinblastine and vincristine, which are used to treat various types of cancer.
Secologanin
Ajmaline
Indole alkaloid
Strictosidine synthase
Strictosidine
Ajmalicine
Strychnine
Camptothecin
Reserpine
List of MeSH codes (D03)
Gelsemine
Quinine
Ibogaine
Stemmadenine
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Mitragyna speciosa, a psychoactive tree from Southeast Asia with opioid activity
Secologanin - Wikipedia
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
DeCS 2005 - Deleted terms
Ibogaine | Profiles RNS
Iridoides/metabolismo
Antibiotics | Free Full-Text | Biosynthesis Investigations of Terpenoid, Alkaloid, and Flavonoid Antimicrobial Agents Derived...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI
DeCS 2005 - Novos termos
Rauwolfia serpentina root: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
De novo transcriptome sequencing and digital gene expression analysis predict biosynthetic pathway of rhynchophylline and...
DeCS
Review of abiotic and biotic elicitors' roles in secondary metabolites biosynthesis of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (Linn.)...
Terpene indole alkaloids4
- Secologanin then proceeds with dopamine or tryptamine to form ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Secologanin is then able to proceed onto produce ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
- Extracts containing these terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs) can inhibit the formation and destabilize preformed fibrils of amyloid β protein (a pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease), and have been shown to improve the cognitive function of mice with Alzheimer-like symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
- 9. Hedhili S, Courdavault V, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Gantet P. Regulation of the terpene moiety biosynthesis of Catharanthus roseus terpene indole alkaloids. (jmp.ir)
Indole3
- One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. (childrensmercy.org)
- Secologanin, a secoiridoid glucoside, is a pivotal terpenoid intermediate in the biosynthesis of biologically active monoterpenoid indole alkaloids such as reserpine, ajmaline, and vinblastine which are biosynthesized via strictosidine, an alkaloidal glucoside, formed from secologanin and tryptamine. (go.jp)
- Since the terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAS) biosynthesis pathway is adjustable, modification of underlying substrate and enzymes concentration by biotic and abiotic elicitors are important approaches for overproduction of these metabolites. (jmp.ir)
Rauwolfia Alkaloids2
- Rauwolfia alkaloids are indicated in the treatment of hypertension 6 . (drugbank.com)
- Reserpine is in a class of medications called rauwolfia alkaloids. (drugbank.com)
Secoiridoid1
- Secologanin is a secoiridoid monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Biosynthesis2
- Secologanin biosynthesis begins from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) taken from the mevalonate pathway used to make terpenoids. (wikipedia.org)
- In secologanin biosynthesis, the oxidative cleavage process of loganin to secologanin and the hydroxylation of 7-deoxyloganin to loganin have remained unknown enzymologically and mechanistically. (go.jp)
MeSH1
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Major4
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- The major alkaloid found within the crude extract, mitragynine, has been the subject of many pharmacological studies. (nih.gov)
- The major medicinal alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (gouteng in chinese) capsules are rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN). (biomedcentral.com)
- The transcriptome data from this study provides an important resource for understanding the formation of major bioactive constituents in the capsule extract from Uncaria , and provides information that may aid in metabolic engineering to increase yields of these important alkaloids. (biomedcentral.com)
Action1
- Secologanin is formed from loganin through the action of the enzyme secologanin synthase. (wikipedia.org)
Production1
- Therefore, over production of these alkaloids by using the biotechnological approaches is inevitable. (jmp.ir)
Indole Alkaloids2
- Secologanin then proceeds with dopamine or tryptamine to form ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Secologanin is then able to proceed onto produce ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
Rauwolfia1
- Alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina Benth and other species. (nih.gov)