A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.
The surgical removal of one or both testicles.
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.
Retroperitoneal neoplasms are a diverse group of tumors that originate in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the peritoneum and includes the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and major blood vessels.
Gonadal neoplasm composed entirely of SERTOLI CELLS or may have a component of GRANULOSA CELLS. Some of the Sertoli cell tumors produce ESTROGEN or ANDROGENS, but seldom in sufficient quantity to cause clinical symptoms such as FEMINIZATION or masculinization (VIRILISM).
A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)
A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)
An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.
A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.
A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.
An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)

High prevalence of antibodies against HERV-K10 in patients with testicular cancer but not with AIDS. (1/377)

Human endogenous retrovirus K10 (HERV-K10) env and gag expression has been detected in placenta, embryonic tissue, and cell lines. By transfection, these sequences have been expressed in insect cells and developed into serological assays, revealing HERV-K10 antibodies in patients with testicular cancer. Patients with AIDS are at an increased risk for testicular cancer and frequently reactivate latent infections. We postulated that HERV-K10 seroprevalence might be increased with HIV infection or AIDS. Stored, frozen serum samples from 52 patients with testicular cancer (8 patients with HIV and 30 patients with samples near the time of diagnosis) and 84 controls (40 patients with HIV) were diluted 1:40 and tested by immunofluorescence against SF158 cells transfected with HERV-K10 env [ENV1.9(+)] or gag (pACGAG). Seroprevalence rates were compared cross-sectionally in cases and controls, excluding those with indeterminate results (3 of 30 cases and 7 of 84 controls), and also were examined longitudinally in the cases before or after diagnosis of testicular cancer. Seroprevalence to HERV-K10 Env or Gag was 17 of 27 testicular cancer patients (63%) around the time of diagnosis, compared to 4 of 77 controls (5%; P < 0.0001). Seroprevalence was similar (50% to 60%) with seminoma, teratocarcinoma, or embryonal carcinoma, and it was not increased with HIV infection in either cases (33%) or controls (3%). HERV-K10 antibodies were detected in 12 of 19 cases (63%) more than 6 months before seminoma diagnosis, as well as in four cases with residual or recurrent malignancy more than 1 month after initial diagnosis. Thus, HERV-K10 antibodies are detected frequently with testicular cancer and seem to resolve rapidly with effective therapy of the malignancy. Antibody reactivity also occurs in approximately 5% of controls, perhaps because of nonspecific or cross-reactive epitopes. HIV and AIDS were not associated with HERV-K10 antibodies, thus, leaving their higher risk of testicular cancer unexplained.  (+info)

The Amoroso Lecture. The human spermatozoon--a cell in crisis? (2/377)

A great deal of evidence has accumulated in recent years to suggest that there has been a gradual increase in male reproductive pathology over the past 30-40 years, as evidenced by increased rates of testicular cancer and declining semen quality. The hypothesis is advanced that this phenomenon is causally related to the ability of male germ cells to generate reactive oxygen metabolites. When produced in low levels, such metabolites are thought to enhance sperm function by stimulating DNA compaction and promoting a redox-regulated cAMP-mediated pathway that is central to the induction of sperm capacitation. When produced in excessive amounts, the same metabolites stimulate DNA fragmentation and a loss of sperm function associated with peroxidative damage to the sperm plasma membrane. Free radical-induced mutations in the male germ line may also be involved in the aetiology of childhood cancer and recent increases in the incidence of seminoma. In light of these considerations, establishing the mechanisms for free radical generation by the male germ line and determining the factors that influence this activity are important objectives for future research in this area.  (+info)

Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumours. (3/377)

Human germ cell tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. In the testis, three entities are distinguished, the teratomas-yolk sac tumours of the infantile testis, the seminomas and nonseminomas of adolescents and adults, and the spermatocytic seminomas. Studies on epidemiology, histology, clinical behaviour, and chromosomal constitution of these tumours support the concept of distinct entities derived from germ cells but each with a different pathogenesis. Either the teratomas of the infantile testis show no chromosomal aberrations, or display a pattern of over- and under-representation of (parts of) chromosomes as detected in the yolk sac tumours of the infantile testis. In contrast, the seminomas and nonseminomas reveal a consistent pattern of losses and gains, that is, chromosomes 11, 13 and 18, and 7, 8 and X, respectively, that is different from that found in the infantile testis teratomas and yolk sac tumours. The most consistent structural chromosomal abnormality is an isochromosome 12p. Tumours lacking i(12p) have other structural abnormalities of 12p, among them amplification of 12p11.2-p12.1. The pathogenetically relevant genes on 12p11.2-p12.1 are probably on a fragment of about 1.7 mb. Gain of 12p sequences may be related to invasive growth. Gain of chromosome 9 is the only consistent chromosomal anomaly of spermatocytic seminomas. Infantile teratomas and spermatocytic seminomas are benign tumours. Infantile yolk sac tumour is a malignant germ cell tumour. Seminomas and nonseminomas are malignant, and the most common cancer in young Caucasian males. The cure rate of seminomas and non-seminomas with radio- and chemotherapy is over 90%, which is higher than that of any other solid cancer in adults. In addition, the precursor lesions of these tumours can be treated readily, justifying efforts to develop means for early diagnosis. Finally, the pathogenetic relationship between seminomas and nonseminomas, and the available animal models for the three groups of testicular germ cell tumours are discussed.  (+info)

Management consideration in nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma of testis. (4/377)

To develop a more appropriate therapeutic strategy for treatment of nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma based on the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification, we reviewed the medical records of patients with nonpulmonary visceral metastatic testicular seminoma who were treated over a 20-year period. Only 15 (2.2%) of the 686 cases of testicular seminoma were nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma. The median age of patients was 38 years (range, 22-53 years). Ten (67%) of the patients had an initial diagnosis of supradiaphragmatic or visceral metastatic disease. In addition to nonpulmonary visceral metastasis, all patients had lymph node metastasis as well, the majority of which involved the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The median and mean progression-free survival durations after chemotherapy for advanced disease were 19 months and 63.7 months, respectively. Six patients (40%) survived, five relapsed after radiation therapy and four died of chemorefractory disease not dependent on the specific regimen. Although the number of cases reviewed in this study was small, we conclude that the choice of chemotherapeutic regimen among the current treatments for nonpulmonary visceral metastatic seminoma of testis primary does not present a different outcome. Therefore, multimodality therapies using new strategies or new agents are well indicated.  (+info)

Positron emission tomography scans in the evaluation of postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with seminoma. (5/377)

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of positron emission tomography (PET) scans in differentiating between necrosis and viable seminoma in postchemotherapy (PC) residual disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 29 patients with seminoma at Indiana University. All patients had PC residual disease. Computed tomography and PET scans were performed for 19 patients after primary chemotherapy (group A) and for 10 patients after salvage chemotherapy (group B). RESULTS: In group A, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in 14 patients, less than 3 cm in three patients, and not quantified in two patients. All of the patients in group A had negative PET scan results and have had stable or decreasing residual mass size (median follow-up duration, 11.5 months; range, 6 to 26 months). In group B, the PC masses were >/= 3 cm in four patients, less than 3 cm in five patients, and not quantified in one patient. One patient had a positive PET scan result for a posterior mediastinal mass. Pathologic diagnosis of the PET-positive mass showed only necrotic tissue. The same patient had a negative PET scan of the retroperitoneal mass but relapsed in that area. Overall, of patients in group B, five have stable or decreasing mass (median follow-up duration, 8 months; range, 7 to 22 months), and five had relapsed disease. CONCLUSION: PET scans have no apparent benefit in PC evaluation of residual masses in bulky seminoma.  (+info)

Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: A Medical Research Council randomized trial. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumor Working Group. (6/377)

PURPOSE: To compare relapse rates and toxicity associated with para-aortic (PA) strip or PA and ipsilateral iliac lymph node irradiation (dogleg [DL] field) (30 Gy/15 fractions/3 weeks) for stage I testicular seminoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 1989 and May 1993, 478 men with testicular seminoma stage I (T1 to T3; no ipsilateral inguinoscrotal operation before orchiectomy) were randomized (PA, 236 patients; DL, 242 patients). RESULTS: Median follow-up time is 4.5 years. Eighteen relapses, nine in each treatment group, have occurred 4 to 35 months after radiotherapy; among these, four were pelvic relapses, all occurring after PA radiotherapy. However, the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in pelvic relapse rates excludes differences of more than 4%. The 3-year relapse-free survival was 96% (95% CI, 94% to 99%) after PA radiotherapy and 96.6% (95% CI, 94% to 99%) after DL (difference, 0.6%; 95% confidence limits, -3.4%, +4.6%). One patient (PA field) has died from seminoma. Survival at 3 years was 99.3% for PA and 100% for DL radiotherapy. Acute toxicity (nausea, vomiting, leukopenia) was less frequent and less pronounced in patients in the PA arm. Within the first 18 months of follow-up, the sperm counts were significantly higher after PA than after DL irradiation. CONCLUSION: In patients with testicular seminoma stage I (T1 to T3) and with undisturbed lymphatic drainage, adjuvant radiotherapy confined to the PA lymph nodes is associated with reduced hematologic, gastrointestinal, and gonadal toxicity, but with a higher risk of pelvic recurrence, compared with DL radiotherapy. The recurrence rate is low with either treatment. PA radiotherapy is recommended as standard treatment in these patients.  (+info)

A multi-center prospective phase II study of high-dose chemotherapy in germ-cell cancer patients relapsing from complete remission. (7/377)

PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the efficacy of repeated high-dose alkylating chemotherapy to salvage patients with germ-cell tumors who relapsed after adequate first-line chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with germ-cell cancers relapsing from a first, second or third complete remission induced by chemotherapy were offered to participate in a Dutch national prospective trial with broad entry criteria. The salvage treatment began with a conventional dose of ifosfamide (4 g/m2 on day 1) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 on days 1, 2 and 3) followed by daily s.c. administration of G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg) until peripheral blood progenitor cells had been harvested. Immediately after bone marrow recovery, an intermediate dose chemotherapy course of carboplatin (target AUC: 10 mg.ml-1 min on day 1) and etoposide (500 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5) was given with G-CSF daily s.c. After bone marrow recovery, two subsequent courses of high-dose 'CTC' chemotherapy were given, each containing cyclophosphamide (6 g/m2), thiotepa (480 mg/m2) and carboplatin (target AUC: 20 mg.ml-1 min). The high-dose chemotherapy was administered as 30-60-minute infusions, divided over 4 days and the stem-cell transplants were given 48-72 hours after the last chemotherapy infusion. Whenever possible, residual masses were resected at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were treated between January 1994 and October 1997. The toxicity of the treatment was manageable. Second CTC courses were administered in 25 patients and were associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and veno-occlusive disease in 3 and 4 patients, respectively. One patient who had recently undergone a partial hepatectomy, died of veno-occlusive disease. At the time of analysis, the median follow-up of the surviving patients was 37 months (range 12-56 months). The median progression-free survival for all patients was 44 months, and the median overall survival has not been reached. According to the internationally accepted criteria for predicting the outcome of salvage chemotherapy in germ-cell cancer (Beyer et al. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2638-45), 30 patients had 'good risk' criteria. Of these, 29 received high-dose chemotherapy. Of this group, the salvage rate at two years was 65% (95% confidence interval: 49.5%-85.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Over half of the germ-cell cancer patients relapsing from a chemotherapy-induced complete remission can be salvaged by a treatment strategy that incorporates high-dose chemotherapy, even when treatment is given in a multi-center setting. These data confirm the international prognostic model proposed by Beyer et al. in a prospectively studied, independent patient group and provide further evidence that high-dose therapy has a role in the salvage setting of patients with germ-cell cancer.  (+info)

Cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation in advanced seminoma. (8/377)

This prospective Phase II study assesses the clinical efficacy and complications of a treatment regimen of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation in advanced seminoma. Of 46 patients who entered the study between December 1992 and October 1998, 46 were evaluable. Thirty-two achieved a complete remission (70%; 95% confidence interval, 56-83%) after chemotherapy alone. Fourteen achieved a complete remission (30%; 95% confidence interval, 18-46%) after chemotherapy plus consolidation. Forty-three of the 46 patients (93%; 95% confidence interval, 82-97%) remained in remission after a median follow-up period of 27.4 months. No patient experienced nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, or ototoxic effects or hemorrhagic cystitis. No patient had neutropenic fever requiring hospitalization. Thirteen % required platelet transfusions, and 9% required transfusions of packed RBCs. For patients with advanced seminoma, treatment with cyclophosphamide and carboplatin and selective consolidation is safe and effective.  (+info)

Seminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that develops in the testicle. It is a malignant tumor, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and tend to remain localized to the testicle for a longer period compared to other types of testicular cancer. They usually occur in men between the ages of 25 and 45 but can develop at any age.

Seminomas can be classified into two main subtypes: classical seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma. Classical seminoma is more common and typically responds well to treatment, while spermatocytic seminoma is rarer and tends to have a better prognosis with a lower risk of spreading.

Seminomas are usually treated with surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchiectomy), followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for seminoma is generally good, especially when caught and treated early. Regular self-examinations of the testicles can help detect any lumps or abnormalities that may indicate the presence of a seminoma or other type of testicular cancer.

Testicular neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors in the testicle that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are a type of genitourinary cancer, which affects the reproductive and urinary systems. Testicular neoplasms can occur in men of any age but are most commonly found in young adults between the ages of 15 and 40.

Testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main categories: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors, which arise from the cells that give rise to sperm, are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and have a good prognosis, while non-seminomas tend to grow more quickly and can spread to other parts of the body.

Non-germ cell tumors are less common than germ cell tumors and include Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and lymphomas. These tumors can have a variety of clinical behaviors, ranging from benign to malignant.

Testicular neoplasms often present as a painless mass or swelling in the testicle. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to detect tumor markers. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular self-examinations of the testicles are recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.

Dysgerminoma is a type of germ cell tumor that develops in the ovaries. It is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that primarily affects girls and women of reproductive age, although it can occur at any age. Dysgerminomas are composed of large, round, or polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm and distinct cell borders, arranged in nests or sheets. They may also contain lymphoid aggregates and may produce hormones such as estrogen or testosterone.

Dysgerminomas are usually unilateral (affecting one ovary), but they can be bilateral (affecting both ovaries) in about 10-15% of cases. They tend to grow and spread rapidly, so early detection and treatment are crucial for a favorable prognosis.

The standard treatment for dysgerminoma is surgical removal of the affected ovary or ovaries, followed by chemotherapy with agents such as bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). With appropriate treatment, the five-year survival rate for patients with dysgerminoma is high, ranging from 80% to 95%.

Neoplasms, germ cell and embryonal are types of tumors that originate from the abnormal growth of cells. Here's a brief medical definition for each:

1. Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths or masses, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled cell division and may invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.
2. Germ Cell Tumors: These are rare tumors that develop from the germ cells, which give rise to sperm and eggs in the reproductive organs (ovaries and testes). They can be benign or malignant and may occur in both children and adults. Germ cell tumors can also arise outside of the reproductive organs, a condition known as extragonadal germ cell tumors.
3. Embryonal Tumors: These are a type of malignant neoplasm that primarily affects infants and young children. They develop from embryonic cells, which are immature cells present during fetal development. Embryonal tumors can occur in various organs, including the brain (medulloblastomas), nervous system (primitive neuroectodermal tumors or PNETs), and other areas like the kidneys and liver.

It is essential to note that these conditions require professional medical evaluation and treatment by healthcare professionals with expertise in oncology and related fields.

Orchiectomy is a surgical procedure where one or both of the testicles are removed. It is also known as castration. This procedure can be performed for various reasons, including the treatment of testicular cancer, prostate cancer, or other conditions that may affect the testicles. It can also be done to reduce levels of male hormones in the body, such as in the case of transgender women undergoing gender affirming surgery. The specific medical definition may vary slightly depending on the context and the extent of the procedure.

Mediastinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors located in the mediastinum, which is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity that lies between the lungs and contains various vital structures such as the heart, esophagus, trachea, blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. Mediastinal neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from any of the tissues or organs within the mediastinum.

Benign mediastinal neoplasms may include thymomas, lipomas, neurofibromas, or teratomas, among others. These tumors are typically slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause symptoms or complications by compressing adjacent structures within the mediastinum, such as the airways, blood vessels, or nerves.

Malignant mediastinal neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Common types of malignant mediastinal neoplasms include thymic carcinomas, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors often require aggressive treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, to control their growth and spread.

It is important to note that mediastinal neoplasms can present with various symptoms depending on their location, size, and type. Some patients may be asymptomatic, while others may experience cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, or swallowing difficulties. A thorough diagnostic workup, including imaging studies and biopsies, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment for mediastinal neoplasms.

Retroperitoneal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the retroperitoneal space. This is the area located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs. The retroperitoneal space contains several vital structures such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, aorta, and lymphatic vessels.

Retroperitoneal neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant retroperitoneal neoplasms are often aggressive and can invade surrounding tissues and organs, leading to various complications. Common types of retroperitoneal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and metastatic tumors from other primary sites. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor but can include abdominal or back pain, weight loss, and swelling in the legs. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI, followed by a biopsy to determine the type and grade of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

A Sertoli cell tumor is a rare type of sex-cord stromal tumor that develops in the testicles or, more rarely, in the ovaries. These tumors arise from the Sertoli cells, which are specialized cells within the testicle that help to nurture and protect the developing sperm cells. In the ovary, Sertoli cell tumors are thought to arise from similar cells that are part of the supporting tissue in the ovary.

Sertoli cell tumors can occur in people of any age but are most commonly found in middle-aged adults. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. However, larger tumors or those that have spread (metastasized) may cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Symptoms of a Sertoli cell tumor can include:

* A painless lump or swelling in the testicle or ovary
* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
* Changes in bowel habits or urinary frequency
* Pain during sexual intercourse (in women)
* Hormonal imbalances, such as gynecomastia (breast development) in men or menstrual irregularities in women.

Diagnosis of a Sertoli cell tumor typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and blood tests to check for elevated levels of certain hormones that may be produced by the tumor. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's grade and stage.

Treatment for Sertoli cell tumors typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with any affected lymph nodes or other tissues. Additional treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may be recommended in cases where the tumor has spread or is at a higher risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up care is also important to monitor for any signs of recurrence or new tumors.

Mesonephroma is a very rare type of kidney tumor that originates from the mesonephric duct remnants, which are the embryonic precursors of the male reproductive system. This tumor typically affects older adults and is more common in men than women.

Mesonephromas are usually slow-growing and asymptomatic, making them difficult to detect at an early stage. When symptoms do occur, they may include flank pain, hematuria (blood in the urine), a palpable abdominal mass, and weight loss.

On imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, mesonephromas typically appear as well-circumscribed masses within the kidney. The diagnosis is usually confirmed through a biopsy or surgical excision of the tumor.

Mesonephromas are composed of tubular structures lined with cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells, often with clear cytoplasm. They may also contain areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. The treatment of mesonephroma typically involves surgical excision, and the prognosis is generally favorable, with a low risk of recurrence or metastasis. However, long-term follow-up is recommended due to the rarity and limited data on this type of tumor.

A germinoma is a type of tumor that develops in the brain or the spine, primarily in the pituitary gland or pineal gland. It is a rare form of primary central nervous system (CNS) cancer and is classified as a type of germ cell tumor. These tumors arise from cells that normally develop into sperm or eggs, which can migrate to unusual locations during embryonic development.

Germinomas are highly sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, making them generally treatable and curable with appropriate medical intervention. Symptoms of a germinoma may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, hormonal imbalances, and neurological deficits, depending on the location and size of the tumor. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like MRI or CT scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the presence of malignant cells.

Bleomycin is a type of chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, testicular cancer, and lymphomas. It works by causing DNA damage in rapidly dividing cells, which can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

Bleomycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces verticillus and is often administered intravenously or intramuscularly. While it can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, it can also have serious side effects, including lung toxicity, which can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Therefore, bleomycin should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare professional who is experienced in administering chemotherapy drugs.

A teratoma is a type of germ cell tumor, which is a broad category of tumors that originate from the reproductive cells. A teratoma contains developed tissues from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This means that a teratoma can contain various types of tissue such as hair, teeth, bone, and even more complex organs like eyes, thyroid, or neural tissue.

Teratomas are usually benign (non-cancerous), but they can sometimes be malignant (cancerous) and can spread to other parts of the body. They can occur anywhere in the body, but they're most commonly found in the ovaries and testicles. When found in these areas, they are typically removed surgically.

Teratomas can also occur in other locations such as the sacrum, coccyx (tailbone), mediastinum (the area between the lungs), and pineal gland (a small gland in the brain). These types of teratomas can be more complex to treat due to their location and potential to cause damage to nearby structures.

Embryonal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that arises from primitive germ cells. It typically occurs in the gonads (ovaries or testicles), but can also occur in other areas of the body such as the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or sacrococcygeal region.

Embryonal carcinoma is called "embryonal" because the cancerous cells resemble those found in an embryo during early stages of development. These cells are capable of differentiating into various cell types, which can lead to a mix of cell types within the tumor.

Embryonal carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor that tends to grow and spread quickly. It can metastasize to other parts of the body, including the lungs, liver, brain, and bones. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells.

Prognosis for embryonal carcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. In general, this type of cancer has a poor prognosis, with a high risk of recurrence even after treatment.

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian, bladder, head and neck, lung, and cervical cancers. It is an inorganic platinum compound that contains a central platinum atom surrounded by two chloride atoms and two ammonia molecules in a cis configuration.

Cisplatin works by forming crosslinks between DNA strands, which disrupts the structure of DNA and prevents cancer cells from replicating. This ultimately leads to cell death and slows down or stops the growth of tumors. However, cisplatin can also cause damage to normal cells, leading to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, and kidney damage. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients closely during treatment and manage any adverse effects promptly.

Adjuvant radiotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses radiation therapy as an adjunct to a primary surgical procedure. The goal of adjuvant radiotherapy is to eliminate any remaining microscopic cancer cells that may be present in the surrounding tissues after surgery, thereby reducing the risk of local recurrence and improving the chances of cure.

Radiotherapy involves the use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. In adjuvant radiotherapy, the radiation is usually delivered to the tumor bed and regional lymph nodes in order to target any potential sites of residual disease. The timing and dosing of adjuvant radiotherapy may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as other factors such as patient age and overall health status.

Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, lung, head and neck, and gynecologic cancers. Its use has been shown to improve survival rates and reduce the risk of recurrence in many cases, making it an important component of comprehensive cancer care.

Cryptorchidism is a medical condition in which one or both of a male infant's testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth or within the first year of life. Normally, the testicles descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development in the second trimester. If the testicles do not descend on their own, medical intervention may be necessary to correct the condition.

Cryptorchidism is a common birth defect, affecting about 3-5% of full-term and 30% of preterm male infants. In most cases, the testicle will descend on its own within the first six months of life. If it does not, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and inguinal hernia.

Treatment for cryptorchidism typically involves surgery to bring the testicle down into the scrotum. This procedure is called orchiopexy and is usually performed before the age of 2. In some cases, hormonal therapy may be used as an alternative to surgery. However, this approach has limited success and is generally only recommended in certain situations.

Overall, cryptorchidism is a treatable condition that can help prevent future health problems if addressed early on. Regular check-ups with a pediatrician or healthcare provider can help ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Etoposide is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various types of cancer, including lung cancer, testicular cancer, and certain types of leukemia. It works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called topoisomerase II, which is involved in DNA replication and transcription. By doing so, etoposide can interfere with the growth and multiplication of cancer cells.

Etoposide is often administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, although it may also be given orally in some cases. The medication can cause a range of side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection. It can also have more serious side effects, such as bone marrow suppression, which can lead to anemia, bleeding, and a weakened immune system.

Like all chemotherapy drugs, etoposide is not without risks and should only be used under the close supervision of a qualified healthcare provider. It is important for patients to discuss the potential benefits and risks of this medication with their doctor before starting treatment.

The testis, also known as the testicle, is a male reproductive organ that is part of the endocrine system. It is located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the testis is to produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.

The testis is composed of many tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. These tubules are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, nerves, and supportive tissues. The sperm then travel through a series of ducts to the epididymis, where they mature and become capable of fertilization.

Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also supports sperm production and sexual function.

Abnormalities in testicular function can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and other health problems. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended for early detection and treatment of any potential issues.

An Endodermal Sinus Tumor (EST) is a type of germ cell tumor, which is a rare cancer that occurs most frequently in the ovaries or testicles but can also occur in other parts of the body. EST is also known as a yolk sac tumor because it resembles the yolk sac of an embryo.

ESTs are highly aggressive and fast-growing tumors that typically affect children and young adults, with a peak incidence in the first decade of life. These tumors can produce various proteins and substances, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which can be used as markers for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response.

The symptoms of EST depend on the location of the tumor but may include abdominal pain or swelling, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and irregular menstrual periods in females. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for EST depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age, and the response to treatment.

Gross pathology of seminoma Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node. Hematoxylin & eosin ... Regardless of treatment strategy, stage 1 seminoma has nearly a 100% cure rate. Stage 2 seminoma is indicated by the presence ... The preferred treatment for most forms of stage 1 seminoma is active surveillance. Stage 1 seminoma is characterized by the ... Micrograph (high magnification) of a seminoma. H&E stain. Testicular seminoma, showing a typically prominent lymphocytic ...
Singh was successfully treated for a mediastinal germ cell tumor (mediastinal seminoma). Returning to cricket after one year, ... Einhorn, LH; Williams, SD (1980). "Chemotherapy of disseminated seminoma". Cancer Clin Trials. 3 (4): 307-13. PMID 6159120. ...
... is not considered a subtype of seminoma and, unlike seminoma and most other germ cell tumours, it does not ... Unlike classical seminoma, fibrous septation and lymphocytic infiltrates are not seen. Cells undergoing mitosis are common, as ... Spermatocytic tumor, previously called spermatocytic seminoma, is a neoplasm of the testis (i.e. a tumour of the testis), and ... Unlike classical seminoma, spermatocytic tumors rarely metastasise, so radical orchidectomy alone is sufficient treatment, and ...
ISBN 92-832-2412-4 Müller J, Skakkebaek NE, Parkinson MC (February 1987). "The spermatocytic seminoma: views on pathogenesis". ... The most common specific subtypes are intratubular embryonal carcinoma and intratubular seminoma.[citation needed] GCNIS is ...
... seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, and choriocarcinoma; clinical and microscopical analysis (20 min; color). PMF ...
"Predicting metastasized seminoma using gene expression". BJU International. 110 (2 Pt 2): E14-20. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X. ...
Micrograph of the rete testis involved by seminoma. H&E stain. Tubular ectasia of the rete testis Definition: Rete ovarii from ...
"Seminoma in pubertal patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 161 (3): 530-1. doi:10.1016/0002- ...
In 2001, Billy was diagnosed with germ cell seminoma; his was a rare medical situation since this type of cancer usually ...
Placental alkaline phosphatase is elevated in seminomas and active forms of rickets, as well as in the following diseases and ... "Placental alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker for seminoma". Cancer Research. 42 (8): 3244-7. PMID 7093962. Dugdale DC. "ALP ...
His cancer returned in 2015 as stage 3 seminoma. Phil is one of the leading campaigners and influencers in the post-testicular ...
Seminoma is the second-most common testicular cancer; the most common is mixed, which may contain seminoma.[citation needed] ... dysgerminoma in the ovary and seminoma in the testis. Since 1994, MeSH has defined germinoma as "a malignant neoplasm of the ... germinal tissue of the gonads, mediastinum, or pineal region" and within its scope included both dysgerminoma and seminoma. ...
... often associated with infection Seminoma Celiac disease Sarcoid Syphilis The following are the most common treatments of ... "Placental alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker for seminoma". Cancer Res. 42 (8): 3244-7. PMID 7093962. Pruessner, Harold T ...
Dubey, Divyanshu; Mandel-Brehm, Caleigh (July 4, 2019). "Kelch-like Protein 11 Antibodies in Seminoma-Associated Paraneoplastic ... "Kelch-like Protein 11 Antibodies in Seminoma-Associated Paraneoplastic Encephalitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 381 (1 ...
"Neurological Adverse Effects after Radiation Therapy for Stage II Seminoma". Case Reports in Oncology. 5 (2): 444-8. doi: ...
Toner GC (May 2015). "Testicular cancer: Optimal management of stage I seminoma in 2015". Nature Reviews. Urology. 12 (5): 249- ... 2005). "Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomised trial". Lancet. 366 ...
"Characterization of alkaline phosphatase genes expressed in seminoma by cDNA cloning". Cancer Research. 58 (22): 5079-82. PMID ...
1990). "Is placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) a useful marker for seminoma?". European Journal of Cancer. 26 (10): 1049-1054 ... include only germinoma and its synonyms dysgerminoma and seminoma. The nongerminomatous or nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors ( ...
2005). "Oncogenic role of NALP7 in testicular seminomas". Cancer Sci. 95 (12): 949-54. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03182.x. ...
Hubbard, G. B.; Fletcher, K. C. (1985). "A seminoma and a leiomyosarcoma in an albino African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi)". ...
More than 95% are germ cell tumors which are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Other types include sex-cord stromal ... non-seminoma or seminoma), but the aim is to avoid unnecessary treatments in the many patients who are cured by their surgery, ... For both non-seminomas and seminomas, surveillance tests generally include physical examination, blood tests for tumor markers ... ages 25-40 years as post-pubertal seminomas and non-seminomas, and from age 60 as spermatocytic tumors. Germ cell tumors of the ...
"Paraneoplastic tumefactive demyelination in a 47-year-old man with underlying seminoma". Multiple Sclerosis and Related ...
The most common tumor developing in an undescended testis is a seminoma (65%); in contrast, after orchiopexy, seminomas ... The most common type of testicular cancer occurring in undescended testes is seminoma. It is usually treatable if caught early ...
ISBN 978-3-319-72156-9. Grimshaw EC, Cohen PR (January 2013). "Supernumerary nipple and seminoma: case report and review of ...
Histologically they are similar to testicular seminomas and ovarian dysgerminomas. A pineal tumor can compress the superior ...
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and ... examples including melanoma and seminoma. Some types of cancer are named for the size and shape of the cells under a microscope ...
For seminoma, the three standard options are: active surveillance, adjuvant radiotherapy, or adjuvant chemotherapy. For non- ... seminoma, the options include: active surveillance, adjuvant chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. As is the ...
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and ... examples including melanoma and seminoma. Some types of cancer are named for the size and shape of the cells under a microscope ...
PLAP is a tumor marker, especially in seminoma and ovarian cancer (e.g., dysgerminoma). PLAP is reliable only in non-smokers, ...
2001). "Expression of a candidate gene for the gonadoblastoma locus in gonadoblastoma and testicular seminoma". Cytogenet. Cell ...
Gross pathology of seminoma Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node. Hematoxylin & eosin ... Regardless of treatment strategy, stage 1 seminoma has nearly a 100% cure rate. Stage 2 seminoma is indicated by the presence ... The preferred treatment for most forms of stage 1 seminoma is active surveillance. Stage 1 seminoma is characterized by the ... Micrograph (high magnification) of a seminoma. H&E stain. Testicular seminoma, showing a typically prominent lymphocytic ...
Final pathologic analysis of the larger of the two left testicular masses revealed a 2.5 cm seminoma with areas of carcinoma in ... 2002) Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 20: 4448-4452 ... A Case of Synchronous Bilateral Testicular Seminoma. Authors: Matthew J. Resnick, MD ; Daniel Canter, MD ; Benjamin M. Brucker ... Diagnosis: Bilateral testicular seminoma (clinical stage I).. Management: The patient initially underwent radical left ...
Among mixed GCTs, seminoma is also commonly present, in which the combination of teratoma, seminoma, yolk sac tumor, and ... Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. ... Seminoma pathology. Pure seminoma. The tumor is white tan and slightly lobulated with foci of hemorrhage. It replaces most of ... Seminoma pathology. At this power, the nuclear details of seminoma cells can be appreciated. Note the similar cell size; the ...
The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma ... "Seminoma" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings ... H&E and OCT4/CD34 for the assessment of lympho-vascular invasion in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract. 2023 ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Seminoma" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and ...
... followed by the treatment protocols for seminoma testicular cancer, including treatment by clinical stages and treatment ... The risk classification for advanced seminoma testicular cancer is presented below, ... encoded search term (Seminoma Testicular Cancer Treatment Protocols) and Seminoma Testicular Cancer Treatment Protocols What to ... Good-risk seminoma: Primary chemotherapy: * EP regimen for four cycles: Etoposide 100 mg/m2 IV on days 1-5 plus cisplatin 20 mg ...
Testicular Seminoma, Tubular Variant, Testicular Seminoma, Cribriform Variant, Testicular Seminoma, Pseudoglandular Variant, ... There are 2 clinical trials for testicular seminoma, of which 2 are open and 0 are completed or closed. Of the trials that ... Observation and surgery are the most common interventions in testicular seminoma clinical trials. ... which represents the majority of presentations of seminoma. [1] ... Seminoma of Testis, Seminoma of the Testis, Testicular Seminoma ...
Seminoma: Refractory. Patients can have a recurrence of cancer after initial therapy and/or be refractory to chemotherapy ... The following is a general overview of the treatment of recurrent and/or refractory testicular seminoma. Circumstances unique ...
In current practice, seminomas are curable with aggressive treatment. [4] The treatment of pure seminomas today is nonsurgical ... Retroperitoneal Seminoma * Eosinophilic Pneumonia Associated with Bleomycin in a Patient with Mediastinal Seminoma: A Case ... encoded search term (Mediastinal Seminoma) and Mediastinal Seminoma What to Read Next on Medscape ... 11 with seminomas and six with NSGCTs). The 5-year overall survival rate was 87.7% for patients with seminomas and 23.0% for ...
... followed by the treatment protocols for seminoma testicular cancer, including treatment by clinical stages and treatment ... The risk classification for advanced seminoma testicular cancer is presented below, ... encoded search term (Seminoma Testicular Cancer Treatment Protocols) and Seminoma Testicular Cancer Treatment Protocols What to ... Good-risk seminoma:. * EP regimen for 4 cycles: Etoposide 100 mg/m2 IV on days 1-5 plus cisplatin 20 mg/m2 IV on days 1-5; ...
Search by Diagnosis: "Metastatic seminoma". Show Diagnoses. Week 75: Case 1. Diagnosis: Metastatic seminoma ...
Seminoma: Refractory. Patients can have a recurrence of cancer after initial therapy and/or be refractory to chemotherapy ... The following is a general overview of the treatment of recurrent and/or refractory testicular seminoma. Circumstances unique ...
A seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor is in the good prognosis group if:. *the tumor has not spread to organs other than the ... A seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumor is in the intermediate prognosis group if:. *the tumor has spread to organs other than ... Treatment of seminoma extragonadal germ cell tumors may include the following:. *Radiation therapy for small tumors in one area ... External radiation therapy is used to treat seminoma.. Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop ...
A 44-year-old Hispanic man with a primary mediastinal seminoma complicated by superior vena cava syndrome underwent treatment ... Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with bleomycin in a patient with mediastinal seminoma: a case report. *Sanjaykumar Hapani1, ... A 44-year-old Hispanic man was diagnosed in October 2006 with a primary mediastinal seminoma complicated by superior vena cava ... Hapani, S., Chu, D. & Wu, S. Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with bleomycin in a patient with mediastinal seminoma: a case ...
Stein M, Loberant N, Laviov M, Rennert G, Lachter J, Kuten A. Second cancer in patients treated for testicular seminoma. ... Second cancer in patients treated for testicular seminoma. In: Journal of Surgical Oncology. 1992 ; Vol. 49, No. 1. pp. 16-19. ... We conclude that patients treated for seminoma have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. There is a need for ... We conclude that patients treated for seminoma have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. There is a need for ...
The majority of reported DNA methylation data are obtained on genomic DNA (gDNA) from seminoma tissue, requiring orchiectomy as ... Testicular seminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumors, routinely diagnosed after orchiectomy. ... Testicular seminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumors, routinely diagnosed after orchiectomy. The majority ... cfDNA methylation pattern in liquid biopsies of testicular seminoma patients Leo Dumbović¹*, Dora Raos²³⁴ , Nino Sinčić²³⁴, ...
Coping with radiation, chemotherapy, RPLND, or surveillance: treatment issues, test results, surveillance reports. Talk about whats going on with |i|you!|/i|
... ... Testicular non-seminoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.  Schmoll, H-J; Jordan, K; ... Testicular seminoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.  Schmoll, H-J; Jordan, K; ... Update on management of seminoma.  Alexander, EJ; White, IM; Horwich, A (Medknow, 2010-01-01) ...
In previous works, we reported our findings on a cell line derived from a human seminoma lesion (TCam-2 cell line) showing that ... In previous works, we reported our findings on a cell line derived from a human seminoma lesion (TCam-2 cell line) showing that ... Microgravity-induced cell-to-cell junctional contacts are counteracted by antioxidant compounds in TCAM-2 seminoma cells. ...
Seminoma: This is a slow-growing form of testicular cancer found in men in their 40s and 50s. The cancer is in the testes, but ... Seminomas are very sensitive to radiation therapy.. Nonseminoma: This more common type of testicular cancer tends to grow more ... The cells can be seminoma, nonseminoma, or both.. The next step is to determine how far the cancer has spread to other parts of ... The survival rate for men with early-stage seminoma (the least aggressive type of testicular cancer) is greater than 95%. The ...
Seminoma : Interstitial Pattern. High Quality Pathology Images of Genitourinary, Testis, Germ Cell Tumors - I. ...
Testicular Seminoma. 2019 Jun 15. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from ...
Two main groups are seminomas and non-seminomas, each accounting for 50% of cases, and they differ in treatment modalities and ...
The lesion was removed by emergency surgery, and the pathology report indicated a mixed germ cell tumor with a seminoma and ... Tumor do Seio Endodérmico Disgenesia Gonadal Seminoma Neoplasias Testiculares Adulto Feminino Hemorragia Humanos Masculino ... Rupture and hemorrhage of a seminoma mixed with yolk sac tumors in 46XY partial gonadal dysgenesis: a case report and ...
In the current situation, the patient was diagnosed as having a pure seminoma of the right testis as well as seminoma in one ... Seminoma. Histopathological evaluation of the specimens revealed a seminoma of the right testis that invaded the tunica ... Metastatic seminoma. Lymph streams of the left testis are mainly draining directly into the para-aortic region in an area ... At the moment, we are unable to verify whether the retroperitoneal lymph node is affected by the NSGCT or the seminoma. In the ...
... a promising novel target for cancer diagnosis in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma ...
In this case seminoma tumour cells did not appear to have spread by the expected lymphatic route. There was no involvement of ... This type of seminoma tumour spread has not previously been described and it is not a recognised route for metastasis by ... We present a case report of testicular seminoma in a 56 year old man with previously unreported histological findings. ... Accurate staging is crucial in planning the treatment and follow up of seminoma and determines the prognosis. ...
Design, setting, and participants: A total of 246 patients with vascular invasion-positive stage 1 NSGCTT or combined seminoma ...
Seminoma and dysgerminoma. Never*. Occasional, minimal. Embryonal cell carcinoma. Yes. Yes. Choriocarcinoma. No. Yes. ...
B, Seminoma with 2 populations of cells. C, Seminoma with 2 populations of cells. Cell block. D, Seminoma cells are positive ... B, Seminoma with 2 populations of cells. C, Seminoma with 2 populations of cells. Cell block. D, Seminoma cells are positive ... Seminomas. Seminoma is the second most common mediastinal GCT. The β-hCG serum levels are elevated in approximately one-third ... Histologically, mediastinal seminoma mimics the seminoma/dysgerminoma in other anatomic sites, manifested by proliferation of ...
  • Gross pathology of seminoma Histopathological image of metastatic seminoma in the inguinal lymph node. (wikipedia.org)
  • Minimal AFP elevations, however, may be due to hepatopathy, including metastatic seminoma to the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathological evaluation revealed seminoma of the right testis, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the left testis, and metastatic seminoma in the right groin postoperatively. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Some cases of seminoma can present as a primary tumour outside the testis, most commonly in the mediastinum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • [ 9 , 10 ] Cryptorchidism represents the most strong risk factor for seminoma, with an increased risk not only in the affected testis, but also in the contralateral one. (medscape.com)
  • The peak incidence is in the third decade of life for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and mixed GCT patients, and in the fourth decade for seminoma testis (ST) patients. (uroweb.org)
  • Randomized trial of carboplatin versus radiotherapy for stage I seminoma: mature results on relapse and contralateral testis cancer rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 study (ISRCTN27163214. (epnet.com)
  • Tumors with both seminoma and nonseminoma elements or that occur with the presence of AFP should be treated as nonseminomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • pathologic diagnosis may show pure seminoma or nonseminoma germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant extragonadal germ cell tumors are divided into two types, nonseminoma and seminoma . (vicc.org)
  • Blood levels of the tumor markers help determine if the tumor is a seminoma or nonseminoma. (vicc.org)
  • Nonseminoma: This more common type of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The cells can be seminoma, nonseminoma, or both. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Seminoma: This is a slow-growing form of testicular cancer found in men in their 40s and 50s. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Seminoma is a slow-growing type of testicular cancer. (chkd.org)
  • Nonseminomas tend to grow and spread more quickly than seminomas. (vicc.org)
  • This treatment has greatly improved survival for people with both seminomas and nonseminomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. (lu.se)
  • About half of germ cell tumors of the testicles are seminomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spermatocytic tumors are not considered a subtype of seminoma and unlike other germ cell tumours do not arise from intratubular germ cell neoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such tumors are still classified as mixed GCT, even if the seminoma is the main component. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, tumors arising in the retroperitoneum are virtually always associated with premalignant lesions in one of the testes and behave clinically similar to metastatic testicular seminomas. (medscape.com)
  • The mean age at presentation of patients with seminoma is 40 years, which is 5-10 years older than in patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors . (medscape.com)
  • Seminomas usually develop in the anterosuperior mediastinum and can develop into fairly large tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mediastinal seminomas are generally bulky tumors and tend to infiltrate into adjacent structures early in the growth process. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike other germ cell tumors, seminomas tend to remain localized in the chest, and only occasionally do they invade adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • Testicular seminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumors, routinely diagnosed after orchiectomy. (urology-today.com)
  • Testicular germ cell tumors and, in particular, seminomas are exquisitely radiation and chemotherapy-sensitive and most presentations are highly curable. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Rupture and hemorrhage of a seminoma mixed with yolk sac tumors in 46XY partial gonadal dysgenesis: a case report and literature review. (bvsalud.org)
  • The lesion was removed by emergency surgery , and the pathology report indicated a mixed germ cell tumor with a seminoma and yolk sac tumors . (bvsalud.org)
  • 2005) Radiotherapy versus single-dose carboplatin in adjudant treatment of stage I seminoma: a randomized trial. (medscape.com)
  • Post-orchiectomy primary treatment for pure seminoma includes surveillance, radiotherapy, 0r chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment with radiotherapy is highly successful when the tumor is diagnosed in localized stages, which represents the majority of presentations of seminoma. (mycancergenome.org)
  • The exact risk of developing a second primary cancer following radiotherapy for testicular seminoma is not known. (biu.ac.il)
  • Differences in behavior and clinical outcome suggest that mediastinal seminomas are biologically different from gonadal seminomas and can develop de novo without a testicular primary focus. (medscape.com)
  • Chemoradiotherapy is an alternative choice for patients with primary mediastinal seminoma. (harvard.edu)
  • Seminomas are the predominant malignant lesions, accounting for nearly 50% of mediastinal lesions. (medscape.com)
  • A 44-year-old Hispanic man with a primary mediastinal seminoma complicated by superior vena cava syndrome underwent treatment with four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 44-year-old Hispanic man was diagnosed in October 2006 with a primary mediastinal seminoma complicated by superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Click here to complete a Medscape CME activity on synchronous bilateral testicular seminoma. (medscape.com)
  • At the Northern Israel Oncology Center, between the years 1968‐1988, 75 patients with early stage (I,IIA) testicular seminoma were treated by orchiectomy followed by radiation therapy. (biu.ac.il)
  • The majority of reported DNA methylation data are obtained on genomic DNA (gDNA) from seminoma tissue, requiring orchiectomy as an invasive procedure. (urology-today.com)
  • One of the main obstacles encountered when trying to culture human seminoma (SE) cells in vitro is massive degeneration of the tumour cells. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • In previous works, we reported our findings on a cell line derived from a human seminoma lesion (TCam-2 cell line) showing that acute exposure to simulated microgravity altered microtubule orientation, induced autophagy, and modified cell metabolism stimulating ROS production. (unich.it)
  • The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. (harvard.edu)
  • Was recently diagnosed with TC seminoma(classical seminoma). (cancer.org)
  • [ 1 ] Among mixed GCTs, seminoma is also commonly present in combination with teratoma, yolk sac tumor , and/or embryonal carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • H&E and OCT4/CD34 for the assessment of lympho-vascular invasion in seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. (harvard.edu)
  • Clinically and histologically, these are subdivided into seminomas and non-seminomas, the later encompassing somatic and extra-embryonal elements of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma and teratoma [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • Testicular seminoma, showing a typically prominent lymphocytic infiltrate in the fibrous stroma separating the clusters of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
  • The pathology of the removed testicle and spermatic cord indicate the presence of the seminoma and assist in the staging. (wikipedia.org)
  • Orchidectomy specimen showing seminoma The germ cell markers OCT 3/4 and CD117 (positive immunohistochemistry pictured) are useful for diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Testicular seminoma and non-seminoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Testicular seminoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The second primary cancers were: two bronchogenic carcinomas, one contralateral seminoma, one thymoma, one papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, one carcinoma of the stomach, one transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, one carcinoma of the colon, and one malignant melanoma. (biu.ac.il)
  • Patterns of Disease Progression and Outcome of Patients With Testicular Seminoma Who Relapse After Adjuvant or Curative Radiation Therapy. (harvard.edu)
  • Seminomas are very sensitive to radiation therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Radiation therapy is usually only used for treating seminomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although there is overlapping histology between the pre-pubertal teratoma/yolk sac and the teratoma and yolk sac elements in the GCNIS-related non-seminomas, these have a separate and independent pathogenesis [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)
  • However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
  • Oleuropein Counteracts Both the Proliferation and Migration of Intra- and Extragonadal Seminoma Cells. (harvard.edu)
  • 2005) Risk-adapted management for patients with clinical stage I seminoma: the second Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group Study. (medscape.com)
  • Serum hCG is mildly to moderately elevated in about 10% of patients with clinical stage I seminoma and 25% of patients with metastasis. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluation of miR-371a-3p to predict viable germ cell tumor in patients with pure seminoma receiving retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. (harvard.edu)
  • Patients with stage II or III seminoma are considered to have good risk, with the exception of patients who have stage III disease with nonpulmonary visceral metastases, who are classified as intermediate-risk patients. (medscape.com)
  • We identified 501 patients with stage 1 seminoma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that patients treated for seminoma have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. (biu.ac.il)
  • cfDNA methylation from liquid biopsies (blood and seminal plasma) from 24 seminoma patients' samples was assessed by pyrosequencing and compared with healthy volunteers' samples. (urology-today.com)
  • Although clinical value is yet to be determined, presented data emphasize a potential use of liquid biopsy epigenetic biomarkers in the screening of seminoma patients. (urology-today.com)
  • A total of 246 patients with vascular invasion-positive stage 1 NSGCTT or combined seminoma + NSGCTT were centrally registered in a single-arm prospective study. (nih.gov)
  • Stage 1 seminoma is characterized by the absence of clinical evidence of metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are 2 clinical trials for testicular seminoma, of which 2 are open and 0 are completed or closed. (mycancergenome.org)
  • Observation and surgery are the most common interventions in testicular seminoma clinical trials. (mycancergenome.org)
  • The degree of elevation in the serum LDH has prognostic value in advanced seminoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2002) Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by surveillance: a pooled analysis. (medscape.com)
  • The preferred treatment for most forms of stage 1 seminoma is active surveillance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changing Practice Evaluation-Stage 1 Seminoma: Outcomes With Adjuvant Treatment Versus Surveillance: Risk Factors for Recurrence and Optimizing Follow-up Protocols-Experience From a Supraregional Center. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Testicular seminomas are extremely sensitive to radiation. (nyp.org)
  • Stage 2 seminoma is indicated by the presence of retroperitoneal metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seminoma" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • Microscopic examination shows that seminomas are usually composed of either a sheet-like or lobular pattern of cells with a fibrous stromal network. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can occur in seminomas and correlate with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells seen histologically. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is not produced by seminoma cells, and its serum detection usually indicates a nonseminomatous component. (medscape.com)
  • SOX2 and PRAME in the "reprogramming" of seminoma cells. (harvard.edu)
  • We analyzed stage 1 seminomas treated in the Thames Valley Cancer Network for outcomes to determine whether any factors are predictive of recurrence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Regardless of treatment strategy, stage 1 seminoma has nearly a 100% cure rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • When it only spreads to the retroperitoneum, it is classified as early metastatic or stage 2 seminoma. (chkd.org)
  • A classical or pure seminoma by definition does not cause an elevated serum alpha fetoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • A seminoma is a germ cell tumor of the testicle or, more rarely, the mediastinum or other extra-gonadal locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Pure seminoma. (medscape.com)
  • Seminomas often have a diffuse, sheetlike pattern or confluent multinodular pattern. (medscape.com)
  • This study aimed to investigate whether cfDNA methylation of OCT3/4, KIT, KITLG, and RASSF1A genes from liquid biopsies (blood and seminal plasma), have the potential as novel seminoma biomarkers, as some of those genes are well known for their changed methylation pattern in gDNA of tumorous tissue. (urology-today.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Seminoma" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Seminoma" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)