Setaria digitata in cattle of Thailand identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (1/11)

Adult Thai Setaria worms collected from cattle which were bred, housed and slaughtered in Thailand were morphologically identified as Setaria digitata. Furthermore, in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) adult Thai S. digitata had the same protein profiles as adult Japanese S. digitata, but did not possess the protein with a molecular size of 69 kDa which was confirmed in adult S. marshalli. In addition, there were no differences in the protein profiles between male and female S. digitata. In point of the distribution pattern of the proteins ranging from 73 to 64 kDa revealed by 2D-PAGE, there were no differences between Thai and Japanese S. digitata, and between male and female worms of the species.  (+info)

Delayed clearance of filarial infection and enhanced Th1 immunity due to modulation of macrophage APC functions in xid mice. (2/11)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) mutant CBA/N mice show delayed clearance of injected microfilaria (mf) compared with wild-type CBA/J mice. Anti-mf T cells from CBA/N mice make relatively more IFN-gamma than those from CBA/J mice. The anti-mf T cell proliferative responses are also greater in CBA/N mice. This CBA/N immune phenotype is not restricted to filarial Ags, because immunization with pure proteins also yields T cell responses of greater proliferative magnitude skewed away from Th2 cytokines in CBA/N compared with CBA/J mice. The increased magnitude of CBA/N T cell proliferative responses is reflected in increases in both precursor frequencies and clonal burst sizes of responding Ag-specific T cells, and is independent of the source of re-stimulating APCs. Transfer of CBA/J peritoneal resident cells (PRCs) into CBA/N mice before pure protein immunization leads to a wild-type immune phenotype in the recipient CBA/N mice, with a reduction in the proliferative response and a relative decrease in the IFN-gamma produced. When wild-type PRC subpopulations are similarly transferred, the wild-type immune phenotype is transferred by macrophages rather than by B cells. Transfer of wild-type PRCs into CBA/N mice before injection of mf also causes similar changes in the anti-mf T cell responses and enhances the clearance of mf. Thus, Btk is involved in critical macrophage APC functions regulating priming of T cells, and can modulate these responses in pathophysiologically relevant fashion in vivo.  (+info)

Human bancroftian filariasis - a role for antibodies to parasite carbohydrates. (3/11)

Studies on immune responses to parasites have been undertaken in filariasis with a view to understand protective immunity, pathogenesis of the disease process and mechanisms of immune deviation. However none of the investigations conducted so far on antibody responses have addressed the issue of immunogenicity of filarial carbohydrate antigens in human lymphatic filariasis. In this communication we report details on relative protein and carbohydrate contents of various developmental stages of filarial parasites and antibody responses to filarial proteins (Fil.Pro) and carbohydrates (Fil.Cho) in different clinical spectrum of human bancroftian filariasis. As expected, antibodies of IgM and IgG2 subclass recognized primarily Fil.Cho while IgG4 filarial antibodies recognized exclusively Fil.Pro. Reactivity of IgG3 to Fil.Cho was similar to that of IgG2 while IgG1 more readily recognized Fil.Pro than Fil.Cho. The IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to Fil.Cho were found to be significantly more in patients with chronic filarial disease and in endemic normals when compared with microfilariae (mf) carriers while IgG4 antibodies to Fil.Pro were significantly more in mf carriers. The dichotomy in reactivity of filarial IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 was dependent on active filarial infection as indicated by presence of circulating filarial antigen (CFA). Individuals with CFA were found to possess significantly more IgG4 to Fil.Pro than those without CFA while IgG2 and IgG3 levels to Fil.Cho was significantly more in CFA negative subjects when compared to those with CFA. Although IgG1 reacted more readily with Fil.Pro, unlike IgG4, their levels were significantly more in CFA negative subjects when compared to those with active filarial infection. Absorption of sera with phosphorylcholine (PC) resulted in no significant loss of reactivity to Fil.Cho indicating that most of the anticarbohydrate antibodies were recognizing non-PC determinants in human filariasis. Elevated levels of IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to Fil.Cho in individuals free of filarial infection indicate a possible role for carbohydrate antigens in induction of protective immunity in human filariasis.  (+info)

Ocular infection of cattle with Setaria digitata. (4/11)

One 5-month-old female native Korean calf and a 2-year-old female Holstein cow raised in two farms about 4 km apart from each other in Korea, were found to have the left eye opaque, which included motile white worms in the aqueous humor. The parasite removed from the left eye of the calf was identified as Setaria digitata based on both light and electron microscopic features. The ocular infection with S. digitata reported herein may document the first aberrant case in Korean cattle.  (+info)

Morphological survey of bovine Setaria in the abdominal cavities of cattle in Aomori and Kumamoto Prefectures, Japan. (5/11)

An epidemiological survey of bovine Setaria collected from the abdominal cavities was performed morphologically on the cattle in Aomori and Kumamoto Prefectures, Japan, between August 2005 and July 2006. Fifty Setaria worms were collected from the cattle in Aomori Prefecture and 847 from those in Kumamoto Prefecture. Of these worms, 35 were identified as Setaria digitata, 14 as S. marshalli, and one as S. labiatopapillosa in Aomori Prefecture, while 816 were identified as S. digitata and 31 as S. marshalli in Kumamoto Prefecture.  (+info)

Antifilarial lead molecules isolated from Trachyspermum ammi. (6/11)

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with the parasitic filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori, transmitted by mosquitoes. The lack of an adulticidal drug poses a challenge to filariasis elimination, hence it is essential to develop an effective antifilarial drug which could either kill or permanently sterilize the adult worms. In the reported work the in vitro activity of a methanolic extract of fruits of Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae) against adult bovine filarial Setaria digitata worms has been investigated. A bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out by subjecting the crude extract to flash chromatography. HPLC analysis was done for the crude extract and active fraction. The crude extract and the active fraction showed significant activity against the adult S. digitata by both a worm motility and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reduction assays. The isolated active principle was chemically characterized by IR, (1)H-NMR and MS analysis and identified as a phenolic monoterpene. It was screened for in vivo antifilarial activity against the human filarial worm B. malayi in Mastomys coucha, showing macrofilaricidal activity and female worm sterility in vivo against B. malayi. The findings thus provide a new lead for development of a macrofilaricidal drug from natural products.  (+info)

Efficacy of different treatment regimes against setariosis (Setaria tundra, Nematoda: Filarioidea) and associated peritonitis in reindeer. (7/11)

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Molecular detection of Setaria tundra (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and an unidentified filarial species in mosquitoes in Germany. (8/11)

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