Sleep Arousal Disorders

Parasomnias

Clitoris

Arousal

Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological

Sleep

Sleep, REM

Sleep Disorders

Classification of sleep disorders

Low arousal theory

International Classification of Sleep Disorders

Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder

Sleep sex

Parasomnia

Sleep disorder

Shift work sleep disorder

Sleepwalking

Night terror

Confusional arousals

Caffeine-induced sleep disorder

Acute stress disorder

Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Reticular formation

Sleep-talking

Peripheral Arterial Tone

Upper airway resistance syndrome

Incident stress

Mental disorder

Hypersomnia

Mood swing

Episodic ataxia

Tactile hallucination

David A. McCormick

List of ICD-9 codes 780-799: symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions

Dentomandibular sensorimotor dysfunction

Bell's mania

Neuroscience of sleep

Apnea33

• Hypnotherapy has been shown to be effective in managing various sleep disorders, including insomnia , sleep apnea , narcolepsy , and sleepwalking . (find-a-therapist.com)
• Charles Burwell in 1956 recognized obstructive sleep apnea as Pickwickian syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
• People suffering from depression, bipolar disorder, alcoholism, panic or post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety seemed more susceptible to the disorder, as did those with sleep apnea , a disorder in which a person briefly stops breathing during sleep, the researchers said. (foxnews.com)
• the total number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep), or respiratory disturbance index (RDI), of 5 or higher in association with excessive daytime somnolence. (medscape.com)
• Go to Obstructive Sleep Apnea , Childhood Sleep Apnea , Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes , Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Home Sleep Monitoring , Surgical Approach to Snoring and Sleep Apnea , Oral Appliances in Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea , and Upper Airway Evaluation in Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea for more information on these topics. (medscape.com)
• Although some respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea, occur only during sleep, virtually all respiratory disorders-including upper airway obstruction, central hypoventilation, and chronic lung disease-are worse during sleep than wakefulness. (atsjournals.org)
• Due to space limitations, disorders limited to infancy, such as apnea of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events, and sudden infant death syndrome, will not be discussed. (atsjournals.org)
• Pediatric periodic limb movement disorder: sleep symptom and polysomnographic correlates compared to obstructive sleep apnea. (medscape.com)
• From 3 percent to 12 percent of children snore, while obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 1 percent to 10 percent of children. (aafp.org)
• Consequences of untreated obstructive sleep apnea include failure to thrive, enuresis, attention-deficit disorder, behavior problems, poor academic performance, and cardiopulmonary disease. (aafp.org)
• The most common etiology of obstructive sleep apnea is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. (aafp.org)
• Children with craniofacial syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, medical comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apnea, and those younger than three years are at increased risk of developing postoperative complications and should be monitored overnight in the hospital. (aafp.org)
• Snoring, mouth breathing, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often prompt parents to seek medical attention for their children. (aafp.org)
• Pharyngeal muscle activity and responsiveness are key pathophysiological traits in human obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and strong contributors to improvements with pharmacotherapy. (nature.com)
• thecondition is rare before the age of 30.PLMS occur in a number of sleep disorders,particularly RLS, but alsonarcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder(RSBD), and obstructive sleep apnea.PLMS also occur in awake subjectswith RLS but only rarely in controls. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• the first night (adaption night) detected disorders other than insomnia (apnea, hypopnea) and the second was considered the baseline night. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Often documented inpatient health records is sleep apnea which impacts roughly 22 million people in the United States. (amnhealthcare.com)
• Look for documentation of positive STOP-BANG which is a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea. (amnhealthcare.com)
• The STOP BANG questionnaire is a tool used to screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). (amnhealthcare.com)
• This tool assesses if you are in a low, moderate, or high-risk group for sleep apnea. (amnhealthcare.com)
• This category is coded to G47.3- and includes not only obstructive sleep apnea but primary central sleep apnea, high altitude periodic breathing, and idiopathic sleep-related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation syndrome. (amnhealthcare.com)
• A chronic condition, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a high prevalence in adults, [ 1 ] and the propensity for developing it depends on the complex interaction between anatomical and physiologic factors. (medscape.com)
• Cite this: Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Targeting the Low Arousal Threshold - Medscape - Jun 30, 2017. (medscape.com)
• Exploring mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in WTC responders. (cdc.gov)
• The underlying causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are multifactorial and include impaired upper airway anatomy, low arousal threshold, respiratory control instability, and/or altered neuro-muscular control of upper airway muscles. (cdc.gov)
• Night terrors, nightmares, and sleep apnea are covered only briefly. (medscape.com)
• Obesity affects approximately 1 in 5 youth globally and increases the risk of complications during adolescence and young adulthood, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovary syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life that can be improved by treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). (cdc.gov)
• The present study contributes to understanding the relationship of nasal /upper airway mechanisms to the development of sleep apnea in this population and explores the possibility of improving comfort and adherence to CPAP treatment by modifying how CPAP is delivered. (cdc.gov)
• Is there a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and new onset obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the World Trade Center Population? (cdc.gov)
• In WTC responders we hypothesized that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) would be associated with increased prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), mediated by elevated total nasal resistance (TNR). (cdc.gov)
• Apnea+Hypopneas with 4% desaturation (AHI4) and 1% desaturation/arousal surrogate (RDI) were obtained and OSA defined as AHI4 =5/hr or RDI =15/hr. (cdc.gov)
• Identification of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in this population that is at high risk for OSA due to traditional risk factors and in addition due to upper airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

Parasomnias11

• Disorder of initiating and maintain sleep (DIMS) - Insomnias Disorder of Excessive sleep (DOES) - Hypersomnias Disorder of sleep wake schedule Parasomnias The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) uses a multiaxial system for stating and coding diagnoses both in clinical reports or for data base purposes. (wikipedia.org)
• Intrinsic Sleep Disorders Extrinsic Sleep Disorders Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Arousal Disorders Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders Parasomnias Usually Associated with REM Sleep Other Parasomnias Associated with Mental Disorders Associated with Neurologic Disorders Associated with Other Medical Disorders ICSD 2 is tabulated in the main article International Classification of Sleep Disorders The last edition of ICSD-3 is a unified classification of sleep disorders. (wikipedia.org)
• It includes seven major categories: insomnia disorders, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, parasomnias, and other sleep disorders. (wikipedia.org)
• Parasomnias are sleep-wake disorders characterized by undesirable motor, verbal, or experiential phenomena occurring in association with sleep, specific stages of sleep, or sleep-awake transition phases. (medscape.com)
• Parasomnias are grouped by the stage of sleep in which they happen. (clevelandclinic.org)
• What parasomnias happen during this sleep stage? (clevelandclinic.org)
• Dysfunctions associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals (parasomnias). (cancer.gov)
• They, along with confusional arousals, belong to a class of sleep disorders called parasomnias. (dukehealth.org)
• Abnormal movements that arepresent during the day, such as the motordisturbance of PD or TS, are usuallyquiescent during sleep, while those occurringprimarily in sleep (eg, nocturnalepilepsies, parasomnias, restless legssyndrome [RLS], periodic limb movementsof sleep [PLMS]) rarely intrudeinto awake periods. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• Parasomnias result in disruption of an existing state of sleep. (medscape.com)
• These disorders are typically viewed as transient developmental phenomena, though children with parasomnias have been found to display higher rates of sleep-onset delay, night awakenings, bedtime resistance, and reduced sleep duration compared to a community control group. (medscape.com)

Confusional arousals7

• Broughton in 1968 developed classification of the arousal disorders as confusional arousals: night terrors and sleep walking. (wikipedia.org)
• Confusional arousals are common in childhood and tend to decrease in frequency with increasing age. (clevelandclinic.org)
• Confusional arousals are associated with what appear to be sudden awakenings -- the child acts confused and disoriented. (dukehealth.org)
• They have many aspects in common with confusional arousals, but they are associated with the child screaming and looking terrified. (dukehealth.org)
• As with confusional arousals, the episodes will end as spontaneously as they began. (dukehealth.org)
• Many children with sleep walking report having had confusional arousals when younger. (dukehealth.org)
• Aggression, including unfriendly, intentional behavior on the part of a dream character, was common, but aggressive content was not reported by patients with confusional arousals, sexsomnia, or sleep-related eating disorder. (medscape.com)

Nocturnal15

• The present study examined nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort as potential treatment mechanisms for alleviating insomnia and depression via a mindfulness sleep program for pregnant women. (ox.ac.uk)
• Both nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort were associated with same-week changes in insomnia throughout treatment, and sleep effort yielded a prospective effect on insomnia. (ox.ac.uk)
• Lower levels of nocturnal cognitive arousal and sleep effort prospectively predicted reductions in depression. (ox.ac.uk)
• CONCLUSIONS: The present study offers preliminary evidence that reducing sleep effort and nocturnal cognitive arousal may serve as key mechanisms for alleviating insomnia and depression via mindfulness-based insomnia therapy. (ox.ac.uk)
• [ 4 ] disruptive snoring, repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep, and nocturnal hypoxemia. (medscape.com)
• Several self-reported practices that facilitate better nocturnal sleep were identified. (frontiersin.org)
• When patients complain of sleep disturbance, psychiatrists should consider,and question for, features of nocturnal movement disorder. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• Higher levels of nocturnal cognitive arousal were associated with prolonged sleep latency, lower sleep efficiency, and shorter total sleep time. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• the most frequent parameter associated with nocturnal cognitive arousal was difficulty falling asleep, according to an article published in Sleep Medicine . (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Researchers sought to explore the associations of cognitive arousal with objective nocturnal wakefulness and indicators of physiologic hyperarousal in both healthy sleepers and those with insomnia . (clinicaladvisor.com)
• PSG sleep parameters/nocturnal wakefulness and somatic arousal were recorded for each night. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Patients with insomnia disorder reported higher levels of nocturnal cognitive arousal while trying to fall asleep on the adaptation night and baseline night compared to healthy sleepers. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• On the adaptation night, nocturnal cognitive arousal was associated with longer sleep latency, longer wake after sleep onset, and lower sleep efficacy. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• In an analysis of PSG scores, participants with high nocturnal cognitive arousal (n=9) took 37 minutes longer to fall asleep and 45 minutes longer to reach persistent sleep than those with low cognitive arousal (n=43). (clinicaladvisor.com)
• A critical finding from our study is that nocturnal cognitive arousal was more robustly associated with nocturnal wake and indicators of hyperarousal than insomnia diagnosis, depressive symptoms, or even self-reported presleep somatic arousal," concluded the authors. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Wakefulness6

• Prof. Shoenfeld discovered that a group of researchers from the Sleep Control Project at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Psychiatry in Japan had published a study on an autoantibody presence attacking tribbles, small granules in our brains containing regulatory orexin neurons, which maintain the balance between sleep and wakefulness in the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
• Thus, breathing is impaired during sleep compared with wakefulness, and is further impaired during REM sleep. (atsjournals.org)
• The end-result in all cases, however, is that the upper airway closes only in sleep and not in wakefulness. (nature.com)
• With the change of state from wakefulness to sleep, muscle activity and tone decrease, and they are lost completely during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• Approach to the Patient With a Sleep or Wakefulness Disorder Almost half of all people in the US report sleep-related problems. (msdmanuals.com)
• Therefore, REM sleep intrudes into wakefulness and into the transition from wakefulness to sleep. (msdmanuals.com)

Sleepiness11

• Subjective fatigue and subjective sleepiness: two independent consequences of sleep disorders? (nih.gov)
• The objective of this investigation was to evaluate subjective fatigue versus subjective sleepiness as independent consequences of sleep disorders. (nih.gov)
• In a prospective observational study, 283 sleep-disordered patients referred to a hospital-based sleep laboratory for various indications over a 1-year period were evaluated vis-à-vis fatigue and sleepiness. (nih.gov)
• Only 4% of the total sample was referred to the sleep clinic due to a complaint of excessive fatigue compared with 17% for excessive daytime sleepiness. (nih.gov)
• The findings support the notion that subjective fatigue and sleepiness can be independent manifestations of sleep disorders. (nih.gov)
• Confusional arousal is different from the normal sleepiness that most people feel when they wake up, said Dr. Alan Manevitz, a clinical psychiatrist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York who was not involved with the research. (foxnews.com)
• n-CPAP is effective in improving sleep quality and reducing daytime sleepiness. (medscape.com)
• Narcoleptics suffer from bouts of sleepiness and sleep attacks, which impair their ability to function in daily life, but the precise cause of narcolepsy has long eluded scientists. (sciencedaily.com)
• Many sleep disorders lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty falling or staying asleep, or abnormal events during sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• We see greater subjective sleep disturbances (sleepiness, insomnia and impact of sleepiness on activities of daily living) in WTC responders with CRS compared to those without CRS. (cdc.gov)
• Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) measured subjective sleepiness. (cdc.gov)

Disturbance9

• The diagnosis is made primarily based on a history that identifies the classic symptoms of sleep terror and by excluding other possible etiologies for the sleep disturbance based on the clinical presentation. (medscape.com)
• Sleep terrors (also known as night terrors) are a sleep disturbance characterized by waking from sleep with a fit of apparent sudden, intense distress (often indicated by a loud cry or scream). (medscape.com)
• Insomnia, the most common sleep disturbance in this population, is most often secondary to physical and/or psychological factors related to cancer and/or cancer treatment. (cancer.gov)
• The clinical significance of PLMScontinues to be debated, since manystudies have failed to demonstrate anassociation between PLMS and symptomsof sleep disturbance. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• On the baseline night, the only group difference identified was objective sleep disturbance scores ranking higher among insomnia participants compared with healthy sleepers. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• As insomnia patients endorse high levels of cognitive arousal, our data suggest that ruminative thinking could potentially be an important active ingredient in insomnia with regard to objective sleep disturbance and 24-[hour] hyperarousal. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• and sleep disturbance not being attributable to a mental disorder, medical condition and/or substance use. (humangivens.com)
• We did not find objective sleep measures that explained these differences in subjective complaints, and future research will examine measures such as intermittent hypoxemia, or general inflammation which likely play a role in CRS and sleep disturbance in this population. (cdc.gov)
• The magnitude of these sequelae is inversely proportional to the child's overall ability to adapt and develop in spite of the sleep disturbance. (medscape.com)

Disturbances12

• It has gained increased recognition as a viable treatment option for individuals struggling with sleep disorders or disturbances. (find-a-therapist.com)
• One of the main benefits of hypnotherapy is its ability to address the underlying mental and emotional factors that contribute to sleep disturbances. (find-a-therapist.com)
• These techniques help individuals tap into their subconscious mind and alter negative thought patterns that can contribute to sleep disturbances. (find-a-therapist.com)
• 2 ] It is estimated that one-third to one-half of people with cancer experience sleep disturbances. (cancer.gov)
• 6 ] Sleep disturbances and, ultimately, sleep-wake cycle reversals can be early signs of a developing delirium. (cancer.gov)
• Berger AM: Update on the state of the science: sleep-wake disturbances in adult patients with cancer. (cancer.gov)
• Sleep walking and sleep terrors are two of the more commonly reported sleep disturbances in children. (dukehealth.org)
• Forms of cognitive arousal include rumination and worry before bedtime and have been implicated in the etiology of sleep disturbances. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Among the biological factors, the role of sleep disturbances as potential contributors to increased suicidal risk during the peripartum period is becoming apparent. (researchgate.net)
• Interest in and treatment of sleep disturbances in youth continues to increase, but research continues to lag. (medscape.com)
• The DSM-IV-TR defines dyssomnias as primary disturbances in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep. (medscape.com)
• Medical-psychiatric-associated sleep disorders comprise the neuropsychiatric conditions that typically include sleep disturbances. (medscape.com)

High cognitive arousal3

• RESULTS: Most patients reported high cognitive arousal before PUMAS (75.0%), which decreased to 8.3% after treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
• All insomnia remitters reported low cognitive arousal after treatment, whereas half of nonremitters continued reporting high cognitive arousal. (ox.ac.uk)
• Similarly, participants with high cognitive arousal spent 44 more minutes awake after initial sleep onset than those with low cognitive arousal. (clinicaladvisor.com)

International Classific3

• The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) was produced by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. (wikipedia.org)
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine: The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic & Coding Manual. (cancer.gov)
• ICSD2 - International Classification of Sleep Disorders. (medscape.com)

Parasomnia7

• A parasomnia is a sleep disorder that involves unusual and undesirable physical events or experiences that disrupt your sleep. (clevelandclinic.org)
• A parasomnia can occur before or during sleep or during arousal from sleep. (clevelandclinic.org)
• A parasomnia characterized by a partial arousal that occurs during stage IV of non-REM sleep. (harvard.edu)
• Sleepwalking, REM sleep behaviour disorder and overlap parasomnia in patients with Parkinson's disease. (harvard.edu)
• He has since been diagnosed with non-REM arousal parasomnia, a disruptive sleep disorder that can cause night terrors and sleepwalking. (wamc.org)
• Sleep talking is considered a parasomnia (an umbrella term for unusual behaviors that people experience before falling asleep, while they are asleep, or during the arousal stage of sleep). (amerisleep.com)
• The definition of dyssomnia versus parasomnia is provided to highlight the developmental differences of sleep-wake disorders. (medscape.com)

Airway10

• Upper-airway obstruction occurring during sleep-that is, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)-was first demonstrated in the 1960s. (medscape.com)
• Upper-airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is characterized by snoring with increased resistance in the upper airway, resulting in arousals during sleep. (medscape.com)
• Any factors that decrease upper-airway size or patency during sleep can lead to intermittent obstruction during inspiration, despite inspiratory effort. (medscape.com)
• Factors affecting upper-airway size or patency include numerous anatomic variants and abnormalities (eg, nasal obstruction, retrognathia, macroglossia ), obesity, alcohol or sedative intake, and body position during sleep. (medscape.com)
• The functional residual capacity (FRC) decreases with sleep ( 5 ), and upper airway resistance doubles ( 6 ). (atsjournals.org)
• REM sleep is also associated with a decrease in intercostal and upper airway muscle tone. (atsjournals.org)
• Sleep-disordered breathing refers to a pathophysiologic continuum that includes snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive hypopnea syndrome, and OSA. (aafp.org)
• OSAS is characterised by repetitive upper airway obstruction during sleep with consequent arterial oxygen desaturation, and apnoeas/hypopnoeas are frequently terminated by microarousals [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
• In one sense, arousals are protective: They stabilize the airway by harnessing the muscle tone inherent to the "wake" state. (medscape.com)
• Persons with a high arousal threshold can make adjustments to breathing and to the airway without awakening, thus avoiding the fragmentation and ventilatory overshoot associated with the sleep/wake transition. (medscape.com)

Patients21

• All patients completed five subjective questionnaires, underwent objective sleep recording and attended a clinical interview with a sleep specialist. (nih.gov)
• Prevalence, demographics, and psychological associations of sleep disruption in patients with cancer: University of Rochester Cancer Center-Community Clinical Oncology Program. (cancer.gov)
• Cancer patients are at great risk of developing insomnia and disorders of the sleep-wake cycle. (cancer.gov)
• Dreams and nightmares in healthy adults and in patients with sleep and neurological disorders. (nih.gov)
• RLS and periodic limb movements during sleep are also common in patients with a history of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
• While some patients with increased periodic limb movements during sleep may have an underlying etiology, it is important to recognize that these movements are not always indicative of a medical condition and have been shown to occur in up to 7.7% of healthy children. (medscape.com)
• Martinez-Mena JM, Pastor J. [Polyneuropathy in patients with periodic leg movements during sleep]. (medscape.com)
• Voderholzer U, Müller N, Haag C, Riemann D, Straube A. Periodic limb movements during sleep are a frequent finding in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. (medscape.com)
• There is also an increased incidence of sleep talking reported in patients who sleep walk (a 30 percent incidence in sleep walkers versus 5 percent in the general population). (dukehealth.org)
• More severe manifestations of post-trauma psychopathology include the development of psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance abuse disorders [1-4] and often these disorders are observed to be comorbid in post-trauma patients. (bartleby.com)
• The results suggest that circadian rhythm may represent a therapeutic target in patients who have a disorder of consciousness (DOC). (medscape.com)
• Investigators assessed patients by using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), a behavioral assessment tool for patients' consciousness levels, which consists of 23 items in six subscales that address auditory, visual, motor, oromotor, communication, and arousal functions. (medscape.com)
• In the arousal subscale, patients are assessed on whether they spontaneously open their eyes during the assessment, whether they consistently respond to the items demonstrating attention, or whether they need repeated stimulation to stay awake, said Dr Blume. (medscape.com)
• The relationship between the circadian indexes and the patients' state was especially pronounced for the arousal subscale of the CRS-R. (medscape.com)
• patients with a temperature rhythm that was more similar to what we would expect in healthy individuals scored higher on the arousal subscale," said Dr Blume. (medscape.com)
• They suggest that patients with chronic insomnia may act differently in terms of sleep hygiene even before they develop insomnia. (humangivens.com)
• Patients can resist the desire to sleep only temporarily but can be roused as readily as from normal sleep. (msdmanuals.com)
• Patients may also experience sleep attacks-episodes of sleep that strike without warning. (msdmanuals.com)
• In theory, then, these medications could be administered to patients with OSA and a low RAT to improve sleep continuity. (medscape.com)
• In fact, apprehension was found in 84%-92% of sleepwalkers and sleep terror patients. (medscape.com)
• Patients with dyssomnias present with difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or with excessive daytime somnolence. (medscape.com)

Cognitive12

• Reducing cognitive arousal and sleep effort alleviates insomnia and depression in pregnant women with DSM-5 insomnia disorder treated with a mindfulness sleep program. (ox.ac.uk)
• Measures included the insomnia severity index (ISI), Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), pre-sleep arousal scale's cognitive factor (PSASC), and the Glasgow sleep effort scale (GSES). (ox.ac.uk)
• We used linear mixed modeling to test cognitive arousal and sleep effort as concurrent and prospective predictors of insomnia and depression. (ox.ac.uk)
• Sleep is a strong predictor of quality of life and has been related to cognitive and behavioral functioning. (frontiersin.org)
• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by psychological intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative cognitive changes following a traumatic event (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). (bartleby.com)
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Millions of people suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and struggle to find an effective treatment option. (bartleby.com)
• Cognitive arousal has also been linked to an elevated risk for insomnia comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular disease. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• In healthy people, misalignment of circadian rhythms, which occurs when the sleep-wake schedule is at odds with the light-dark cycle, can cause considerable stress, have detrimental effects on the immune system, and impair cognitive abilities. (medscape.com)
• Smith MT, Huang MI, Manber R. Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia occurring within the context of medical and psychiatric disorders. (medscape.com)
• After completing her Ph.D. at Northeastern University (Boston, MA), she joined the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School as a post-doctoral fellow to research how sleep and circadian rhythmicity influence our cognitive functioning. (amerisleep.com)
• The consequences of untreated sleep problems may include significant emotional, behavioral, and cognitive dysfunction. (medscape.com)
• On the other hand, disrupted and inadequate sleep alone can produce behavioral, affective, and cognitive dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Episodes10

• The arousals are characterized by episodes of abrupt terror, typically beginning with an alarming vocalization such as a frightening scream. (medscape.com)
• Most episodes occur within the first 90 minutes after a person initiates sleep. (medscape.com)
• [ 2 ] The sleep terror occurs as the person goes through stages 3 and 4 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, though episodes may occur later or during naps. (medscape.com)
• The episodes usually happen when a person is woken suddenly, and people sometimes have no memory of these incidents, said Dr. Maurice Ohayon, a sleep psychiatrist at Stanford School of Medicine and co-author of the study, detailed today (Aug. 25) in the journal Neurology. (foxnews.com)
• Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is characterized by periodic episodes of repetitive limb movements during sleep, which most often occur in the lower extremities. (medscape.com)
• Sleep walking is very common, with an overall incidence of between 1 to 15 percent (15 to 40 percent of children will do it at least once in their lifetime, and 3 to 4 percent of children will have frequent episodes). (dukehealth.org)
• Young infants do not have long, continuous episodes of sleep. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Most episodes of this nature are caused by a disordered arousal from deep sleep (non-REM sleep). (families.org.au)
• Sleep-talking episodes usually occur in short 30-second bursts. (amerisleep.com)
• Sleep episodes vary from few to many per day, and each may last minutes or hours. (msdmanuals.com)

Diagnosis6

• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced. (bartleby.com)
• Additional baseline measures included DSM-IV Insomnia Disorder diagnosis, self-reported sleep parameters (habitual sleep latency, nighttime awakenings, wake after sleep onset, and total sleep time), insomnia severity, and global sleep quality. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Insomnia diagnosis, depression, and somatic arousal were not associated with any of the PSG sleep parameters or MSLT latency. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Diagnosis and Classification of Insomnia Disorders. (medscape.com)
• Diagnosis is by polysomnography and multiple sleep latency testing. (msdmanuals.com)
• Comparison of two home sleep testing devices with different strategies for diagnosis of OSA. (cdc.gov)

Symptoms6

• OBJECTIVES: Combining mindfulness with behavioral sleep strategies has been found to alleviate symptoms of insomnia and depression during pregnancy, but mechanisms for this treatment approach remain unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
• Insomnias were classified as primary and secondary until 1970 when they were recognized as symptoms of other disorders. (wikipedia.org)
• Potential reactions following trauma can vary widely across individuals and can include symptoms such as sleep difficulties, somatic symptoms (e.g., energy and appetite impairments), and emotional symptoms (e.g., increased anxious arousal, irritability, outbursts of anger, chronic sad mood or hopelessness). (bartleby.com)
• Other symptoms include sleep paralysis and hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations. (msdmanuals.com)
• Symptoms usually begin in adolescents or young adults without prior illness, although onset can be precipitated by an illness, a stressor, or a period of sleep deprivation. (msdmanuals.com)
• All subjects underwent overnight sleep studies and assessment of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. (cdc.gov)

Narcolepsy8

• For patient education information, see the Sleep Disorders Center , as well as Snoring and Narcolepsy . (medscape.com)
• Now a new study finds that narcolepsy bears the hallmarks of a classic autoimmune disorder and should be treated accordingly. (sciencedaily.com)
• But the precise cause of narcolepsy has long eluded scientists, and the cure for the devastating neurological disorder afflicting an estimated three million people worldwide -- and one in 3,000 Americans -- remains at bay. (sciencedaily.com)
• A new study published in Pharmacological Research by the world's leading autoimmune disease expert, Tel Aviv University's Prof. Yehuda Shoenfeld, finds that narcolepsy bears the trademarks of a classic autoimmune disorder and should be treated accordingly. (sciencedaily.com)
• Sleeping Beauty with Narcolepsy. (demilked.com)
• Narcolepsy is a neurological condition that affects sleep and arousal. (demilked.com)
• Narcolepsy features dysregulation of the timing and control of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. (msdmanuals.com)
• The Kleine-Levin syndrome , a very rare disorder in adolescent boys, resembles narcolepsy. (msdmanuals.com)

Movement disorders3

• Sleep and movement disorders]. (harvard.edu)
• Walters et al provide an association between ADHD and sleep movement disorders including PLMD. (medscape.com)
• Sleep-associated movement disorders are common in the general population. (psychiatrictimes.com)

Breathing17

• Other features of this disorder are a racing heart rate, open eyes with dilated pupils, fast breathing and sweating. (clevelandclinic.org)
• During REM sleep, your eyes rapidly move under your eyelids and your heart rate, breathing and blood pressure are all increased. (clevelandclinic.org)
• [ 2 ] which consists of breathing cessations of at least 10 seconds occurring in the presence of inspiratory efforts during sleep. (medscape.com)
• It is therefore incumbent upon the pulmonologist to understand the effects of sleep upon breathing. (atsjournals.org)
• This review will not attempt to provide a comprehensive description of all aspects of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. (atsjournals.org)
• During REM sleep, breathing is erratic, with variable respiratory rate and tidal volume and frequent central apneas. (atsjournals.org)
• This causes paradoxical inward rib cage motion during inspiration, with resultant increased work of breathing, particularly during REM sleep when intercostal muscle activity is decreased. (atsjournals.org)
• Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is common in children. (aafp.org)
• Sleep-disordered breathing in children is a timely public health concern, given the increasing rates of obesity and hyperactivity in this population. (aafp.org)
• As demonstrated in one study, 5 a large percentage of children with hyperactivity or inattentive behaviors had underlying sleep-disordered breathing. (aafp.org)
• These children would be cared for more effectively with appropriate recognition and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing than with the use of stimulant medications. (aafp.org)
• The presenting problem in children with sleep-disordered breathing depends on the child's age. (aafp.org)
• Poor growth and failure to thrive are more common in children with sleep-disordered breathing. (aafp.org)
• Undergraduates who spend time in our department can expect to get first hand experience of management of such diseases as tuberculosis, lung cancer, COPD, asthma, sleep-disordered breathing and interstitial lung disease. (tcd.ie)
• The Professorial Respiratory Centre offers specialised treatment for a wide range of breathing related disorders. (tcd.ie)
• The science behind sleep-related breathing disorders has advanced. (medscape.com)
• Rather than assuming that all OSA is related to an abnormal critical closing pressure (Pcrit), we now know that muscle tone, loop gain, and the RAT contribute to sleep-related breathing disorders. (medscape.com)

Sexual arousal1

• It is a problem of genital arousal, not sexual arousal. (empowher.com)

Occur10

• The stages of sleep occur in a repeated pattern or cycle of NREM followed by REM, with each cycle lasting approximately 90 minutes. (cancer.gov)
• In neonates, active sleep (a REM-like state) can occur for up to two-thirds of total sleep time ( 9 ), as compared with 20-25% of sleep time in adults ( 10 ). (atsjournals.org)
• The movements are said to occur mainly in non-REM sleep. (medscape.com)
• This is in contrast to nightmares (which originate from REM sleep and occur later in the evening), for which the child can usually describe their dreams in detail. (dukehealth.org)
• When considering disorders ofmovement during sleep, the physicianshould ascertain whether abnormalmovements also occur during awakeperiods. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• At the same time, arousal is necessary for consciousness to occur. (medscape.com)
• These disorders occur when the internal body clock gets out of rhythm with the light and dark cycles of the day. (amnhealthcare.com)
• It can occur during any sleep stage and occurs as much during the REM sleep stage as the NON-REM sleep stage. (amerisleep.com)
• Reciprocal relationships occur between sleep disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders. (medscape.com)
• Background: Sleepwalking consists of a series of behavioral activities that occur during sleep. (bvsalud.org)

Circadian rhythm sl2

• Circadian rhythm sleep disorders were discovered in 1981 by Weitzman as delayed sleep phase syndrome in contrast to advanced sleep phase syndrome in 1979. (wikipedia.org)
• Disorders of the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm sleep disorders). (cancer.gov)

Asleep8

• Hypnotherapy has the potential to manage different types of sleep disorders , improving sleep quality and significantly shorten sleep latency , which means individuals can fall asleep faster and enjoy a more restful night's sleep. (find-a-therapist.com)
• Sleepwalking is a disorder that occurs when people walk or do other activity while they are still asleep. (medlineplus.gov)
• Non-rapid eye movement (Non-REM) sleep are the first three stages of sleep - from first falling asleep to about the first half of the night. (clevelandclinic.org)
• Mice fall asleep like dogs, circling around before going to sleep. (sciencedaily.com)
• NREM sleep predominates in the first third of the night and sudden shifts out of its deepest portions (slow wave sleep) are when sleep walking and sleep terrors can take place -- usually within a couple of hours of the child falling asleep. (dukehealth.org)
• Sleep walking (somnambulism) is walking while asleep. (dukehealth.org)
• Sexsomnia is a disorder in which sexual behavior is exhibited while asleep. (mndaily.com)
• Insomnia is coded G47.0- and is a condition making getting to sleep and staying asleep difficult. (amnhealthcare.com)

Threshold6

• Nozawa et al studied arousal index and movement index in PLMD and noted that the sleep-wake disorders associated with periodic limb movement relate to threshold of awakening. (medscape.com)
• This drug raises the arousal threshold and makes it harder for an individual to become aroused, Schenck said. (mndaily.com)
• 6,7 It is possiblethat people who complain ofinsomnia caused by leg movementsmay have a lower threshold of arousal. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• A review published online in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (AJRCCM) describes one such physiologic contributor: a low respiratory arousal threshold (RAT). (medscape.com)
• A specific threshold of increased respiratory effort, in response to derangements in mechanics or gas exchange, triggers an arousal from sleep. (medscape.com)
• [ 4 ] Sedative medications can also alter the arousal threshold. (medscape.com)

Post-traumati3

• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Will Help Finally Come? (bartleby.com)
• PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) has always been an issue especially with those that have experienced sexual assault, a traumatic accident or injury, being a prisoner of war, or participated in combat. (bartleby.com)
• WTC dust-exposed subjects have a high prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), gastroesophageal reflux disease, post-traumatic stress disorder and obesity that increase risk for OSA. (cdc.gov)

Etiology1

• The entire section has been renamed Sleep-Wake Disorders to highlight that etiology may be based in the inability to maintain alertness during the waking period. (medscape.com)

Substance1

• Adolescents with and without substance use disorders represent a significant proportion of sleep-disordered youths. (medscape.com)

Somnolence3

• This can disturb sleep architecture to the point of causing daytime somnolence. (medscape.com)
• REM behavior disorder and excessive daytime somnolence in Machado-Joseph disease (SCA-3). (harvard.edu)
• Often, the presenting complaint is poor sleep or unexplained insomnia and daytime somnolence. (medscape.com)

Respiratory6

• SDB represents a group of physiopathologic conditions that are characterized by an abnormal respiratory pattern during sleep that can be isolated or can coexist with other respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, or endocrine diseases. (medscape.com)
• Thus, respiratory disorders during sleep are of particular importance during childhood. (atsjournals.org)
• In contrast, studies of infants, children, and adolescents have shown that the respiratory rate decreases during sleep ( 2-4 ). (atsjournals.org)
• [ 3 ] The respiratory centers in the brainstem track mechanical constraints (low lung volumes, resistance to airflow) and gas-exchange abnormalities (oxygen, pH, and carbon dioxide changes) during sleep. (medscape.com)
• The level of respiratory effort required to initiate arousal from sleep differs by many factors, including age, weight, and severity of OSA. (medscape.com)
• For some, a given medication may not be potent enough to effect change, whereas for others, the sedative will prolong the respiratory limitation and allow gas-exchange abnormalities to worsen before arousal and correction. (medscape.com)

Physiologic3

• In spite of these physiologic changes, however, normal sleep is not totally free of movement. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• The relative contribution of each of these components can be obtained from a sleep study and may define a physiologic trait. (cdc.gov)
• An alternative definition of these phenomena describes deviated behavioral or physiologic events that transpire during sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions. (medscape.com)

Posttraumatic stress d2

• has to start with the lowdown on the details of posttraumatic stress disorder itself. (healthyplace.com)
• It atrophies in recurrent unipolar or bipolar depression and in severe stress disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (freezingblue.com)

Severity1

• Among the latter, the only area of sleep hygiene that correlated with insomnia severity and sleep quality was arousal-related behaviour. (humangivens.com)

Sexsomnia6

• Research led to the classification of a new sleeping disorder, sexsomnia. (mndaily.com)
• Sexsomnia is a disorder in which people exhibit various types of sexual behavior, including moaning, masturbating, sexual talk or even sexual contact with their partner, Schenck said. (mndaily.com)
• Sexsomnia is not a new disorder, but the number of cases is rising as people become more aware of it, Schenck said. (mndaily.com)
• The research included sleep-related disorder cases from across the country, and found sexsomnia mainly affects males. (mndaily.com)
• College students are at a higher risk for developing sexsomnia, since they usually suffer from sleep deprivation - the No. 1 risk factor for all sleep disorders, Schenck said. (mndaily.com)
• While there is no known direct cause of sexsomnia, it is rare for sexsomnia to be the only sleeping disorder a person has. (mndaily.com)

Behavior disorder2

• Association of Sleepwalking and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With Parkinson Disease in Men. (harvard.edu)
• Hoque R, Chesson AL Jr. Pharmacologically induced/exacerbated restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, and REM behavior disorder/REM sleep without atonia: literature review, qualitative scoring, and comparative analysis. (medscape.com)

PTSD6

• By targeting the root causes of sleep disorders such as anxiety, stress, and PTSD, hypnotherapy can provide lasting improvements to overall sleep quality without the use of medications. (find-a-therapist.com)
• It explains what PTSD is, why it is important to learn about this medical disorder, what you can do to help, ways to treat it, how to deal with the caregiver burden and how PTSD affects the family and other relationships. (giftfromwithin.org)
• Here the image represents Complex PTSD and Dissociative Identity Disorder. (demilked.com)
• Additionally, PTSD is often associated with other co-morbid psychiatric disorders, it carries a high risk for chronicity and individuals with PTSD have a six-fold increase in suicidality [5-6]. (bartleby.com)
• PTSD can possibly be avoided by noticing what you think or feel in response to trauma (PTSD can, but does not always develop from acute stress disorder). (healthyplace.com)
• Identification and treatment of OSA will ultimately result in reduction of long term consequences of OSA such as cardiovascular co-morbidities and could potentially benefit those subjects with mood disorders and PTSD. (cdc.gov)

Centers1

• The classification was developed as a revision and update of the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) that was produced by both the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep and was published in the journal Sleep in 1979. (wikipedia.org)

Insomnia disorders1

• Ohayon MM, Caulet M, Lemoine P: Comorbidity of mental and insomnia disorders in the general population. (cancer.gov)

Prevalence4

• The prevalence of sleep drunkenness may be cause for concern, Ohayon said. (foxnews.com)
• [ 15 ] There also appears to be a high prevalence of periodic limb movements of sleep in children with Down syndrome . (medscape.com)
• PLMD and epilepsy are both common at the population level, however, little research has been done to establish the prevalence of periodic limb movements during sleep in people with a history of epilepsy. (medscape.com)
• Hornyak M, Feige B, Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Periodic leg movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder: prevalence, clinical significance and treatment. (medscape.com)

Impair1

• Disruptions in individual sleep patterns can disrupt the circadian rhythm and impair the sleep cycle. (cancer.gov)

Partial1

• Arousals, partial arousals, and sleep-stage transition impositions define this category. (medscape.com)

Chronic3

• It can be a helpful tool for individuals looking to improve their sleep quality and overcome chronic sleep problems . (find-a-therapist.com)
• Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. (medscape.com)
• However, only arousal-related behaviour is associated with sleep difficulties in chronic insomniacs," say the researchers. (humangivens.com)

Psychiatric disorders2

• Although, a staggering 89.7% [11] of Americans are exposed to a significant traumatic event over the course of their lifetime, the majority of trauma-exposed individuals do not develop psychiatric disorders. (bartleby.com)
• Elevated rates of sleep problems exist among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental, nonpsychiatric medical conditions and psychiatric disorders. (medscape.com)

Stages6

• The normal sleep cycle has stages, from light drowsiness to deep sleep. (medlineplus.gov)
• There are two main stages of sleep - non-rapid eye movement (Non-REM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep . (clevelandclinic.org)
• Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep follows the three non-REM stages of the sleep cycle. (clevelandclinic.org)
• NREM, also referred to as slow-wave sleep, is divided into four stages of progressively deepening sleep based on electroencephalogram findings. (cancer.gov)
• The different stages of sleep and sleep functions. (unibo.it)
• More often than not, however, sleep talking occurs during the transition between sleep stages. (amerisleep.com)

Depression2

• people with depression or rapid cycling bipolar I disorder. (freezingblue.com)
• For example, when a given child with recurrent depression has an exacerbation, sleep problems often increase simultaneously. (medscape.com)

Deprivation4

• Avoid sleep deprivation, and try to prevent insomnia, because these can trigger sleepwalking. (medlineplus.gov)
• Sleep deprivation has been linked to a number of health conditions, including obesity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Sleep deprivation has been linked to long-term adverse effects on health, and a higher risk of premature death. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• In his book Dreamland: Adventures in the Strange Science of Sleep , he presents what he's learned about sleep deprivation, dream interpretation and the explanations for his own bizarre sleeping habits. (wamc.org)

Affects4

• The disorder could have major consequences if it affects people with responsibility for the safety and security of others , such as pilots or emergency-room doctors, he said. (foxnews.com)
• Poor sleep adversely affects daytime mood and performance. (cancer.gov)
• Sleep affects our performance, mood, and general health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) affects at least 4% of adult males and 2% of adult females in the developed world [ 1 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Daytime3

• Furthermore, it is important to further examine both the daytime and evening factors that may affect bedtime and the quality and quantity of sleep as well as the role of intense focused interests and physical activities that cultivate positive feelings and help autistic people to relax before bedtime. (frontiersin.org)
• Physiological needs, cultural environment, and social changes, such as reduced daytime napping and school routines, mean that the amount of sleep children get progressively decreases into adolescence. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• After the baseline night, participants underwent 4 daytime naps that included multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs). (clinicaladvisor.com)

Seizures2

• If the sleepwalking occurs often, your health care provider may do an exam or tests to rule out other disorders (such as seizures). (medlineplus.gov)
• Some disorders,such as seizures, manifest predominantlyduring sleep, but may occasionallyoccur during periods ofwakefulness. (psychiatrictimes.com)

Diagnostic1

• [ 2 ] to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ). (medscape.com)

Adults7

• In older adults, sleepwalking may be a symptom of a medical problem that causes decreased mental function neurocognitive disorder . (medlineplus.gov)
• In the study, the researchers interviewed a random sample of more than 19,000 American adults about their sleep habits and history of confusional arousal, as well as any mental illness and any medications they were taking. (foxnews.com)
• Rather, it will focus on the differences in these disorders between children and adults, from a developmental perspective. (atsjournals.org)
• This is especially important in children, as they sleep more than adults, and have relatively more REM sleep. (atsjournals.org)
• Decreases in melatonin synthesis in older adults have been linked to sleep disorders and a range of adverse health conditions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• However, studies also show a gender difference in sleep talking in adults. (amerisleep.com)
• 11 911 adults referred with suspected OSAS between March 2007 and September 2013 underwent overnight sleep studies, either cardiorespiratory polygraphy or polysomnography. (ersjournals.com)

Frequent2

• The most common sleep problems include sleep onset delay, frequent night-time wakings and shorter total sleep time. (frontiersin.org)
• Nighttime sleep may be unsatisfying with frequent arousals and interrupted by vivid, frightening dreams. (msdmanuals.com)

Habits2

• This is the first study to examine autistic adolescents' self-reported sleep habits and factors which facilitate autistic adolescents' sleep by employing adapted photo-elicitation interviews. (frontiersin.org)
• There were no appreciable differences between the two groups in sleep scheduling, drinking/eating habits and sleep environment. (humangivens.com)

Mental Disorders1

• Inorganic sleep disorders are coded to category F51 located in chapter 5 mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders as they are conditions associated with mental disorders. (amnhealthcare.com)

Awake4

• Abnormal movements, talk, emotions and actions happen while you're sleeping although your bed partner might think you're awake. (clevelandclinic.org)
• If you have this sleep disorder, you appear to be partially awake, but you are confused and disoriented to time and space. (clevelandclinic.org)
• If you have this sleep disorder, you eat and drink while you're partially awake. (clevelandclinic.org)
• 2 Such movements in sleep areincreased in persons who have movementdisorders while awake, such asthose with Parkinson disease (PD) orTourette syndrome (TS). (psychiatrictimes.com)

Disruption2

• Sleep terrors (also referred to as night terrors) are a specific sleep disruption most remarkable for their intensity and anxiety-inducing nature. (medscape.com)
• Sleep disorders caused by a disruption in the circadian rhythm are identified with G47.2- and include types such as delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase, irregular sleep wake, free running, jet lag, and shift work. (amnhealthcare.com)

Nighttime2

• By the age of 12 months , sleep patterns develop that involve less sleep and is concentrated more around the nighttime. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• Søvnsygdomme kan medføre udtalt forstyrret nattesøvn (disrupted nighttime sleep (DNS)) i form af ændring af søvnmønster, søvnkontinuitet, søvntransitioner, søvnfragmentering og ændret mikrosøvnstruktur. (ugeskriftet.dk)

Pediatric4

• Data on sleep-related changes in tidal volume in the pediatric age group are scarce, although one study in adolescents confirmed a decrease in tidal volume ( 4 ). (atsjournals.org)
• Sleep Medicine Essentials is a concise, handy, practical, and affordable handbook on adult and pediatric sleep medicine. (chipsbooks.com)
• Pediatric sleep disorders represent highly common phenomena that often interfere with daily patient and family functioning. (medscape.com)
• [ 1 ] Further investigation is needed to develop empirically based detection and treatment of pediatric sleep disorders. (medscape.com)

Periodic2

• [ 11 ] Researchers report that sleep changes induced by periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with decreased physical and psychological fitness on awakening. (medscape.com)
• Vetrugno R, D'Angelo R, Montagna P. Periodic limb movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder. (medscape.com)

Psychiatry1

• The research paper, written by University psychiatry professor Dr. Carlos Schenck and Dr. Mark Mahowald, neurology professor and medical director of the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, is the result of an extensive review of sleep disorders. (mndaily.com)

Sleepers2

• The researchers were intrigued to find that the associations between sleep hygiene and sleep quality were more evident for good sleepers than for insomniacs. (humangivens.com)
• Our data suggests that sleep hygiene is one of the important determinants of sleep quality in normal sleepers. (humangivens.com)

Night10

• I have experienced the constant arousal, but it gets worse at night because I have nothing distracting me from it. (empowher.com)
• Each night, people go through several cycles of non-REM and REM sleep. (medlineplus.gov)
• Sleepwalking (somnambulism) most often occurs during deep, non-REM sleep (called N3 sleep) early in the night. (medlineplus.gov)
• Confusional arousal is distinct from night terrors and sleepwalking , Ohayon said. (foxnews.com)
• In the study, about 20 percent of people who reported getting less than 6 hours of sleep per night reported having an episode, and 15 percent of those who got at least 9 hours per night said the same, the researchers said. (foxnews.com)
• This is the first time that a study uses a novel methodological approach based on personal accounts elicited by photos rooted in a Lifeworld framework to describe personal sleep-related practices before bedtime and during the day to identify a "good night of sleep" in autistic adolescents. (frontiersin.org)
• Children with sleep problems cause many parents to ask their pediatrician, "What should I do when my child screams out at night? (dukehealth.org)
• The circadian rhythm and need to sleep more during the night rather than the day as part of a 24-hour cycle develop from the age of 2 or 3 months. (medicalnewstoday.com)
• The average sleeper moves about 40 to 50 times a night andthis number changes in certain situations.For example, sleep deprivationresults in a sleep with fewer movements. (psychiatrictimes.com)
• No significant differences were found in sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, or total sleep time for the full sample on the adaptation night. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Consciousness2

• 2. States of consciousness: arousal, circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle. (unibo.it)
• In healthy individuals, consciousness varies rhythmically with the sleep-wake cycle, during which behaviorally detectable consciousness fades and recovers on a diurnal basis. (medscape.com)