Steroidal glycosides and aromatic compounds from Smilax riparia. (1/12)

Two new steroidal glycosides named riparosides A (1) and B (2), and two aromatic compounds (3, 4), together with four known flavonoid derivatives have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the rhizomes and roots of Smilax riparia A. DC. The structure of riparoside A (1) was determined to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-gluc opyranosyl 3beta,20alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-furost-22(23)-ene 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Riparoside B (2) was characterized as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-gluc opyranosyl 3beta,16beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one 16-O-[5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 5-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentanoic acid]-ester 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Compounds 3 and 4 were elucidated as a sucrosyl ferulic acid ester and 7-O-methyl-10-oxythymol gentiobioside, respectively.  (+info)

Neuroprotective effect of Smilacis chinae rhizome on NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and focal cerebral ischemia in vivo. (2/12)

Previous work has shown that the Smilacis chinae rhizome (SCR) markedly inhibits amyloid beta protein (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage in cultured rat cortical neurons. The present study was conducted to further verify the neuroprotective effect of SCR on excitotoxic and cerebral ischemic injury using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) for 12 h induced neuronal cell death. SCR (10 and 50 microg/ml) inhibited NMDA-induced neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, SCR prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 3-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct was significantly reduced in rats that received SCR (30 and 50 mg/kg, orally), with a corresponding improvement in neurological function. Moreover, SCR treatment significantly decreased the histological changes observed following ischemia. Oxyresveratrol and resveratrol isolated from SCR also inhibited NMDA-induced neuronal death, increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and ROS generation in cultured cortical neurons, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of SCR may be attributable to these compounds. Taken together, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of SCR against focal cerebral ischemic injury is due to its anti-excitotoxic effects and that SCR may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.  (+info)

Chinese herbal medicine (Tuhuai extract) exhibits topical anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in murine disease models. (3/12)

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Steroidal saponins from the roots of Smilax aspera subsp. mauritanica. (4/12)

Two new steroidal saponins (1, 2) were isolated from the roots of Smilax aspera subsp. mauritanica (POIR.) ARCANG. (Liliaceae), together with the known curillin G (3), asparagoside E (4), asparoside A (5), asparoside B (6) and the phenolic compound resveratrol (7). Their structures were established mainly on the basis of 600 MHz 2D-NMR spectral data. 3 exhibited antifungal activity against the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 25, 25 and 50 microg/ml, respectively) whereas the other compounds were inactive.  (+info)

Screening of some saponins and phenolic components of Tribulus terrestris and Smilax excelsa as MDR modulators. (5/12)

BACKGROUND: Cytotoxic activity of saponins and phenolic compounds have been described in the literature, but no reports were found on their multidrug resistance (MDR)-modulating effects on human mdr1 gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Methylprototribestin, structurally related compounds and a mixture of 3 acetylated isomers of methylprotodioscin were investigated for antiproliferative effect and modulation of drug accumulation. RESULTS: The growth inhibitory dose (ID50) of the compounds ranged from 12.64 to 20.62 mug/ml. Methylprototribestin was the most effective resistance modifier. However, methylprotodioscin, pseudoprotodioscin, prosapogenin A of dioscin, tribestin and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid showed moderate MDR reversal activity. In a checkerboard method, methyloprototribestin and the mixture of the 3 acetylated isomers enhanced the antiproliferative effects on MDR cells in combination with doxorubicin. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, methylprototribestin and the mixture of the 3 acetylated isomers can be recommended for further in vivo experiments in combination with anthracyclines in human MDR-cancer xenograft transplanted mice.  (+info)

Isolation of compound microsatellite markers for the common Mediterranean shrub Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae). (6/12)

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Modulation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) by a standardized herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes with anti- hepatocarcinogenic effects. (7/12)

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Fraction of macroporous resin from Smilax china L. inhibits testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats. (8/12)

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