A single lung lesion that is characterized by a small round mass of tissue, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, and can be detected by chest radiography. A solitary pulmonary nodule can be associated with neoplasm, tuberculosis, cyst, or other anomalies in the lung, the CHEST WALL, or the PLEURA.
A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.
Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.
Endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the bronchi.
Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.
Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.
Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.
An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.
The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
GRAY MATTER located in the dorsomedial part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA associated with the solitary tract. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from most organ systems including the terminations of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. It is a major coordinator of AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, gustatory, gastrointestinal, and chemoreceptive aspects of HOMEOSTASIS. The solitary nucleus is also notable for the large number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS which are found therein.
Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.
A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.
Subcutaneous nodules seen in 20-30% of rheumatoid arthritis patients. They may arise anywhere on the body, but are most frequently found over the bony prominences. The nodules are characterized histologically by dense areas of fibrinoid necrosis with basophilic streaks and granules, surrounded by a palisade of cells, mainly fibroblasts and histiocytes.
Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

PET in lung cancer. (1/290)

An estimated 180,000 new cases of lung cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. this year, and lung cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all cancer deaths. Most lung cancers are initially detected on chest radiographs, but many benign lesions have radiologic characteristics similar to malignant lesions. Thus, additional studies are required for further evaluation. CT is most frequently used to provide additional anatomic and morphologic information about lesions, but it is limited in distinguishing between benign and malignant abnormalities. Because of the indeterminate results obtained from anatomic images, biopsy procedures, including thoracoscopy and thoracotomy, may be used even though one half of the lesions removed are benign and do not need to be removed. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging provides physiologic and metabolic information that characterizes lesions that are indeterminate by CT, accurately stages the distribution of lung cancer and provides prognostic information. FDG PET imaging takes advantage of the increased accumulation of FDG in transformed cells and is sensitive (approximately 95%) to the detection of cancer in patients who have indeterminate lesions on CT. The specificity (approximately 85%) of PET imaging is slightly less than its sensitivity because some inflammatory processes, such as active granulomatous infections, avidly accumulate FDG. The high negative predictive value of PET suggests that lesions considered negative on the study are benign, biopsy is not needed and radiographic follow-up is recommended. Several studies have documented the increased accuracy of PET compared with CT in the evaluation of the hilar and mediastinal lymph-node status in patients with lung cancer. Whole-body PET studies detect metastatic disease that is unsuspected by conventional imaging and demonstrate some of the anatomic abnormalities detected by CT to be benign lesions. Management changes have been reported in up to 41% of patients on the basis of the results of whole-body studies.  (+info)

Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis. (2/290)

BACKGROUND: Persisting controversy surrounds the use of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) stemming from its uncertain diagnostic accuracy. A systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to evaluate the accuracy of TNAB for the diagnosis of solitary or multiple localised pulmonary lesions. METHODS: Searches for English literature papers in Index Medicus (1963-1965) and Medline (1966-1996) were performed and the bibliographies of the retrieved articles were systematically reviewed. Articles evaluating the accuracy of TNAB in series of consecutive patients presenting with solitary or multiple pulmonary lesions were considered. Only papers in which >/=90% of patients were given a final diagnosis according to an appropriate reference standard were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 48 studies were included and five meta-analyses were conducted according to four diagnostic thresholds. From the pooled sensitivity and specificity corresponding to each diagnostic threshold, associated likelihood ratios (LRs) were derived for malignant disease as follows: (1) malignant versus all other categories, LR = 72; (2) malignant or suspicious versus all others, LR = 49; (3) suspicious versus all categories but malignant, LR = 15; (4) benign versus all others, LR = 0.07; and (5) specific benign diagnosis versus all others, LR = 0.005. Differences in methodological quality of the studies, needle types, or whether a cytopathologist participated in the procedure failed to explain the heterogeneity of the results found in almost every meta-analysis. Given a 50% probability of malignancy prior to the TNAB, post-test probabilities of malignancy upon receiving the results would be malignant, 99%; suspicious, 94%; non-specific benign, 7%; and benign with a specific diagnosis, 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Given the intermediate pre-test probabilities that would probably lead to performing TNAB, findings of "malignant" or of a specific diagnosis of a benign condition provide definitive results. Findings of "suspicious" markedly increase the probability of malignancy, and "benign" markedly decreases it but may not be considered definitive.  (+info)

Role of Tc-99m MIBI in the evaluation of single pulmonary nodules: a preliminary report. (3/290)

BACKGROUND: Survival in bronchial carcinoma is closely related to the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and a single pulmonary nodule represents a potentially curable stage. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using Tc-99m labelled 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) to differentiate benign from malignant single pulmonary nodules. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in the outpatient pulmonary clinic at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Twenty five patients with single pulmonary nodules considered indeterminate by their physicians and undergoing a procedure for tissue diagnosis were evaluated by Tc-99m MIBI SPECT scanning prior to definitive testing. Assessment of MIBI uptake was done qualitatively (subjectively) and quantitatively and correlated with the histopathology and nodule size. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients with malignant lesions, 18 had increased uptake of MIBI corresponding to the location of the nodule and were considered positive. The predominant tumour types were large cell (n = 5) and adenocarcinoma (n = 10). All four patients with benign lesions had negative MIBI scans. For malignancy the overall specificity was 100%, sensitivity was 85.7%, positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 57%. Quantitative uptake of MIBI correlated with the diameter of the nodule with a correlation coefficient of 0.61 by Spearman's rank sum test. This relationship was statistically significant (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggests that Tc-99m MIBI has a very high specificity and positive predictive value for malignant single pulmonary nodules and might be a useful non-invasive diagnostic modality in their management.  (+info)

Pulmonary cytolytic thrombi: a newly recognized complication of stem cell transplantation. (4/290)

Over the past 5 years we have recognized a new pulmonary complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with fever and pulmonary nodules termed 'pulmonary cytolytic thrombi' (PCT). Retrospective analysis of medical and radiographic records and pathologic material from 13 HSCT recipients with PCT and a review of the Blood and Marrow Transplant Database for all patients with radiographic evidence of pulmonary nodules or who underwent open-lung biopsy from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 1998 (n = 1228) were performed. The median age of patients with PCT was 11.9 years (range, 1.3-29.7 years). All patients developed fever at a median of 72 days (range, 8-343 days) post transplant, followed by pulmonary nodules on chest CT. Eleven patients were receiving therapy for active GVHD (acute, grades I-IV (n = 10); extensive chronic (n = 1)). Biopsy of the pulmonary nodules revealed a unique pattern of necrotic, basophilic thromboemboli with amorphous material suggestive of cellular breakdown products. This was descriptively labeled 'pulmonary cytolytic thrombi'. Immunohistochemical staining revealed entrapped leukocytes and disrupted endothelium, but was negative for histiocytes. Cultures and immunohistochemical stains were negative for infectious agents. Empiric therapy included systemic corticosteroids (n = 9) and amphotericin (n = 7). Nine patients survive with resolution of PCT at a median follow-up of 1.5 years. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 293-300.  (+info)

Low-cost soft-copy display accuracy in the detection of pulmonary nodules by single-exposure dual-energy subtraction: comparison with hard-copy viewing. (5/290)

This study endeavored to clarify the usefulness of single-exposure dual-energy subtraction computed radiography (CR) of the chest and the ability of soft-copy images to detect low-contrast simulated pulmonary nodules. Conventional and bone-subtracted CR images of 25 chest phantom image sets with a low-contrast nylon nodule and 25 without a nodule were interpreted by 12 observers (6 radiologists, 6 chest physicians) who rated each on a continuous confidence scale and marked the position of the nodule if one was present. Hard-copy images were 7 x 7-inch laser-printed CR films, and soft-copy images were displayed on a 21-inch noninterlaced color CRT monitor with an optimized dynamic range. Soft-copy images were adjusted to the same size as hard-copy images and were viewed under darkened illumination in the reading room. No significant differences were found between hard- and soft-copy images. In conclusion, the soft-copy images were found to be useful in detecting low-contrast simulated pulmonary nodules.  (+info)

Image compression and chest radiograph interpretation: image perception comparison between uncompressed chest radiographs and chest radiographs stored using 10:1 JPEG compression. (6/290)

We have assessed the effect of 10:1 lossy (JPEG) compression on six board-certified radiologists' ability to detect three commonly seen abnormalities on chest radiographs. The study radiographs included 150 chest radiographs with one of four diagnoses: normal (n = 101), pulmonary nodule (n = 19), interstitial lung disease (n = 19), and pneumothorax (n = 11). Before compression, these images were printed on laser film and interpreted in a blinded fashion by six radiologists. Following an 8-week interval, the images were reinterpreted on an image display workstation after undergoing 10:1 lossy compression. The results for the compressed images were compared with those of the uncompressed images using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. For five of six readers, the diagnostic accuracy was higher for the uncompressed images than for the compressed images, but the difference was not significant (P > .1111). Combined readings for the uncompressed images were also more accurate when compared with the compressed images, but this difference was also not significant (P = .1430). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 81.5%, 89.2%, and 86.7% for the compressed images, respectively, as compared with 78.9%, 94.5%, and 89.3% for the uncompressed images. There was no correlation between the readers' accuracy and their experience with soft-copy interpretation; the extent of radiographic interpretation experience had no correlation with overall interpretation accuracy. In conclusion, five of six radiologists had a higher diagnostic accuracy when interpreting uncompressed chest radiographs versus the same images modified by 10:1 lossy compression, but this difference was not statistically significant.  (+info)

Physiological and radiological characterisation of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care. (7/290)

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common although often poorly characterised, particularly in primary care. However, application of guidelines to the management of such patients needs a clear understanding of the phenotype. In particular, the British guidelines for the management of COPD recommend that the diagnosis is based on appropriate symptoms and evidence of airflow obstruction as determined by a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) of <80% of the predicted value and an FEV(1)/VC ratio of <70%. METHODS: A study was undertaken of 110 patients aged 40-80 years who had presented to their general practitioner with an acute exacerbation of COPD. The episode was treated at home and, when patients had recovered to the stable state (two months later), they were characterised by full lung function tests and a high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scan of the chest. RESULTS: There was a wide range of impairment of FEV(1) which was in the normal range (>/=80%) in 30%, mildly impaired (60-79%) in 18%, moderately impaired (40-59%) in 33%, and severely impaired (<40%) in 19% of patients. A reduced FEV(1)/VC ratio was present in all patients with an FEV(1) of <80% predicted but also in 41% of those with an FEV(1) of >/=80% predicted. Only 5% of patients had a substantial bronchodilator response suggesting a diagnosis of asthma. Emphysema was present in 51% of patients and confined to the upper lobes in most (73% of these patients). HRCT evidence of bronchiectasis was noted in 29% of patients and was predominantly tubular; most (81%) were current or ex-smokers. A solitary pulmonary nodule was seen on 9% of scans and unsuspected lung malignancy was diagnosed in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that COPD in primary care is a heterogeneous condition. Some patients do not fulfil the proposed diagnostic criteria with FEV(1) of >/=80% predicted but they may nevertheless have airflow obstruction. Bronchiectasis is common in this group of patients, as is unsuspected malignancy. These findings should be considered when developing recommendations for the investigation and management of COPD in the community.  (+info)

Percutaneous image-guided biopsy of lung nodules in the assessment of disease activity in Wegener's granulomatosis. (8/290)

OBJECTIVE: In patients with known Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and persistent chest radiographic abnormalities, assessment for disease activity is often difficult, prompting the need for histological diagnosis to determine appropriate treatment. Here we report the use of automated image-guided core needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions for the assessment of disease activity in WG, rather than for primary diagnosis. METHODS: Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy was performed on five occasions in four patients with thoracic WG and persistent radiographic abnormalities of the chest. Clinical features, indication for biopsy, radiographic abnormalities and pathological findings were recorded. RESULTS: Adequate pathological specimens were obtained, allowing exclusion of infection and tumour. Active chronic inflammation with or without vasculitis was demonstrated in each case, indicating the need for further immunosuppressive therapy. A small pneumothorax following biopsy in one case required no treatment. Follow-up chest imaging revealed a reduction in the extent of thoracic disease following therapy in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The safety and diagnostic accuracy of image-guided core biopsy of thoracic lesions makes it a useful tool in the assessment of disease activity in WG patients with persistent chest radiographic lesions.  (+info)

A Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN) is a single, round or oval-shaped lung shadow that measures up to 3 cm in diameter on a chest radiograph. It is also known as a "coin lesion" due to its appearance. SPNs are usually discovered incidentally during routine chest X-rays or CT scans. They can be benign or malignant, and their nature is determined through further diagnostic tests such as PET scans, biopsies, or follow-up imaging studies.

Medical Definition: Multiple pulmonary nodules refer to multiple small rounded or irregularly shaped masses in the lungs, usually measuring less than 3 cm in diameter. These nodules can be caused by various conditions such as benign tumors, infections, inflammation, or malignancies like lung cancer. The presence of multiple pulmonary nodules often requires further evaluation with imaging studies and sometimes biopsy to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.

Eosinophilic granuloma is a term used in pathology to describe a specific type of inflammatory lesion that is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, and the formation of granulomas. A granuloma is a small nodular structure formed by the accumulation of immune cells, typically including macrophages, lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells.

Eosinophilic granulomas can occur in various organs of the body, but they are most commonly found in the lungs, skin, and bones. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas are often associated with hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled antigens, such as dust mites or fungal spores. They can also be seen in association with certain diseases, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis, an uncommon disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of a type of immune cell called Langerhans cells.

The symptoms of eosinophilic granuloma depend on the location and extent of the lesion. In the lungs, eosinophilic granulomas may cause cough, chest pain, or shortness of breath. In the skin, they may present as nodules, plaques, or ulcers. In the bones, they can cause pain, swelling, and fractures.

The diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma is typically made based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Treatment may include avoidance of known antigens, corticosteroids, or other immunosuppressive medications, depending on the severity and location of the lesion.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Bronchoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the inside of the airways and lungs with a flexible or rigid tube called a bronchoscope. This procedure allows healthcare professionals to directly visualize the airways, take tissue samples for biopsy, and remove foreign objects or secretions. Bronchoscopy can be used to diagnose and manage various respiratory conditions such as lung infections, inflammation, cancer, and bleeding. It is usually performed under local or general anesthesia to minimize discomfort and risks associated with the procedure.

Thoracic surgery, video-assisted (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat various conditions related to the chest cavity, including the lungs, pleura, mediastinum, esophagus, and diaphragm. In VATS, a thoracoscope, a type of endoscope with a camera and light source, is inserted through small incisions in the chest wall to provide visualization of the internal structures. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to perform the necessary surgical procedures, such as biopsies, lung resections, or esophageal repairs. Compared to traditional open thoracic surgery, VATS typically results in less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recoveries for patients.

A bronchoscope is a medical device that is used to examine the airways and lungs. It is a long, thin, flexible tube that is equipped with a light and a camera at its tip. The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat, allowing the doctor to visualize the trachea, bronchi, and smaller branches of the airway system.

Bronchoscopes can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as to take tissue samples (biopsies) or to investigate the cause of symptoms like coughing up blood or difficulty breathing. They can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to remove foreign objects from the airways or to place stents to keep them open.

There are several types of bronchoscopes, including flexible bronchoscopes and rigid bronchoscopes. Flexible bronchoscopes are more commonly used because they are less invasive and can be used to examine smaller airways. Rigid bronchoscopes, on the other hand, are larger and stiffer, and are typically used for more complex procedures or in emergency situations.

It is important to note that the use of bronchoscopes requires specialized training and should only be performed by healthcare professionals with the appropriate expertise.

Radiographic image enhancement refers to the process of improving the quality and clarity of radiographic images, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI images, through various digital techniques. These techniques may include adjusting contrast, brightness, and sharpness, as well as removing noise and artifacts that can interfere with image interpretation.

The goal of radiographic image enhancement is to provide medical professionals with clearer and more detailed images, which can help in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. This process may be performed using specialized software or hardware tools, and it requires a strong understanding of imaging techniques and the specific needs of medical professionals.

Interventional radiography is a subspecialty of radiology that uses imaging guidance (such as X-ray fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, or MRI) to perform minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These procedures typically involve the insertion of needles, catheters, or other small instruments through the skin or a natural body opening, allowing for targeted treatment with reduced risk, trauma, and recovery time compared to traditional open surgeries.

Examples of interventional radiography procedures include:

1. Angiography: Imaging of blood vessels to diagnose and treat conditions like blockages, narrowing, or aneurysms.
2. Biopsy: The removal of tissue samples for diagnostic purposes.
3. Drainage: The removal of fluid accumulations (e.g., abscesses, cysts) or the placement of catheters to drain fluids continuously.
4. Embolization: The blocking of blood vessels to control bleeding, tumor growth, or reduce the size of an aneurysm.
5. Stenting and angioplasty: The widening of narrowed or blocked vessels using stents (small mesh tubes) or balloon catheters.
6. Radiofrequency ablation: The use of heat to destroy tumors or abnormal tissues.
7. Cryoablation: The use of extreme cold to destroy tumors or abnormal tissues.

Interventional radiologists are medical doctors who have completed specialized training in both diagnostic imaging and interventional procedures, allowing them to provide comprehensive care for patients requiring image-guided treatments.

A needle biopsy is a medical procedure in which a thin, hollow needle is used to remove a small sample of tissue from a suspicious or abnormal area of the body. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells or other abnormalities. Needle biopsies are often used to diagnose lumps or masses that can be felt through the skin, but they can also be guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to reach areas that cannot be felt. There are several types of needle biopsy procedures, including fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA uses a thin needle and gentle suction to remove fluid and cells from the area, while core needle biopsy uses a larger needle to remove a small piece of tissue. The type of needle biopsy used depends on the location and size of the abnormal area, as well as the reason for the procedure.

Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material, called a radiotracer, to produce detailed, three-dimensional images. This technique measures metabolic activity within the body, such as sugar metabolism, to help distinguish between healthy and diseased tissue, identify cancerous cells, or examine the function of organs.

During a PET scan, the patient is injected with a radiotracer, typically a sugar-based compound labeled with a positron-emitting radioisotope, such as fluorine-18 (^18^F). The radiotracer accumulates in cells that are metabolically active, like cancer cells. As the radiotracer decays, it emits positrons, which then collide with electrons in nearby tissue, producing gamma rays. A special camera, called a PET scanner, detects these gamma rays and uses this information to create detailed images of the body's internal structures and processes.

PET is often used in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide both functional and anatomical information, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Common applications include detecting cancer recurrence, staging and monitoring cancer, evaluating heart function, and assessing brain function in conditions like dementia and epilepsy.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

Emission computed tomography (ECT) is a type of tomographic imaging technique in which an emission signal from within the body is detected to create cross-sectional images of that signal's distribution. In Emission-Computed Tomography (ECT), a radionuclide is introduced into the body, usually through injection, inhalation or ingestion. The radionuclide emits gamma rays that are then detected by external gamma cameras.

The data collected from these cameras is then used to create cross-sectional images of the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical within the body. This allows for the identification and quantification of functional information about specific organs or systems within the body, such as blood flow, metabolic activity, or receptor density.

One common type of Emission-Computed Tomography is Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), which uses a single gamma camera that rotates around the patient to collect data from multiple angles. Another type is Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which uses positron-emitting radionuclides and detects the coincident gamma rays emitted by the annihilation of positrons and electrons.

Overall, ECT is a valuable tool in medical imaging for diagnosing and monitoring various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders.

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (FDG-18) is not a medical condition, but a radiopharmaceutical used in medical imaging. It is a type of glucose (a simple sugar) that has been chemically combined with a small amount of a radioactive isotope called fluorine-18.

FDG-18 is used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans to help identify areas of the body where cells are using more energy than normal, such as cancerous tumors. The FDG-18 is injected into the patient's vein and travels throughout the body. Because cancer cells often use more glucose than normal cells, they tend to absorb more FDG-18.

Once inside the body, the FDG-18 emits positrons, which interact with electrons in nearby tissue, producing gamma rays that can be detected by a PET scanner. The resulting images can help doctors locate and assess the size and activity of cancerous tumors, as well as monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Thoracic radiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that involves using X-rays to produce images of the chest, including the lungs, heart, bronchi, great vessels, and the bones of the spine and chest wall. It is a commonly used tool in the diagnosis and management of various respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders such as pneumonia, lung cancer, heart failure, and rib fractures.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a cassette containing a film or digital detector. The X-ray beam is directed at the chest, and the resulting image is captured on the film or detector. The images produced can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of the organs within the chest.

Thoracic radiography may be performed as a routine screening test for certain conditions, such as lung cancer, or it may be ordered when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information to help guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.

The solitary nucleus, also known as the nucleus solitarius, is a collection of neurons located in the medulla oblongata region of the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in the processing and integration of sensory information, particularly taste and visceral afferent fibers from internal organs. The solitary nucleus receives inputs from various cranial nerves, including the glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX) and vagus nerves (cranial nerve X), and is involved in reflex responses related to swallowing, vomiting, and cardiovascular regulation.

Diagnostic imaging is a medical specialty that uses various technologies to produce visual representations of the internal structures and functioning of the body. These images are used to diagnose injury, disease, or other abnormalities and to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Common modalities of diagnostic imaging include:

1. Radiography (X-ray): Uses ionizing radiation to produce detailed images of bones, teeth, and some organs.
2. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Combines X-ray technology with computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate detailed images of soft tissues, organs, and bones.
4. Ultrasound: Employs high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of internal structures, often used for obstetrics and gynecology.
5. Nuclear Medicine: Involves the administration of radioactive tracers to assess organ function or detect abnormalities within the body.
6. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Uses a small amount of radioactive material to produce detailed images of metabolic activity in the body, often used for cancer detection and monitoring treatment response.
7. Fluoroscopy: Utilizes continuous X-ray imaging to observe moving structures or processes within the body, such as swallowing studies or angiography.

Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in modern medicine, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions about patient care and treatment plans.

A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is a graphical representation used in medical decision-making and statistical analysis to illustrate the performance of a binary classifier system, such as a diagnostic test or a machine learning algorithm. It's a plot that shows the tradeoff between the true positive rate (sensitivity) and the false positive rate (1 - specificity) for different threshold settings.

The x-axis of an ROC curve represents the false positive rate (the proportion of negative cases incorrectly classified as positive), while the y-axis represents the true positive rate (the proportion of positive cases correctly classified as positive). Each point on the curve corresponds to a specific decision threshold, with higher points indicating better performance.

The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a commonly used summary measure that reflects the overall performance of the classifier. An AUC value of 1 indicates perfect discrimination between positive and negative cases, while an AUC value of 0.5 suggests that the classifier performs no better than chance.

ROC curves are widely used in healthcare to evaluate diagnostic tests, predictive models, and screening tools for various medical conditions, helping clinicians make informed decisions about patient care based on the balance between sensitivity and specificity.

A Rheumatoid nodule is defined as a type of non-suppurative inflammatory lesion that occurs in the subcutaneous tissue, commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These nodules are firm, round to oval shaped, and usually range from 0.5 to 5 cm in size. They are typically found over bony prominences such as the elbow, heel, or fingers, but can occur in various locations throughout the body.

Histologically, rheumatoid nodules are characterized by a central area of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes and fibroblasts, with an outer layer of chronic inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells. Rheumatoid nodules can be asymptomatic or cause pain and discomfort, depending on their size and location. They are more common in patients with severe RA and are associated with a poorer prognosis.

Root nodules in plants refer to the specialized structures formed through the symbiotic relationship between certain leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, most commonly belonging to the genus Rhizobia. These nodules typically develop on the roots of the host plant, providing an ideal environment for the bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form that can be directly utilized by the plant for growth and development.

The formation of root nodules begins with the infection of the plant's root hair cells by Rhizobia bacteria. This interaction triggers a series of molecular signals leading to the differentiation of root cortical cells into nodule primordia, which eventually develop into mature nodules. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria reside within these nodules in membrane-bound compartments called symbiosomes, where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through an enzyme called nitrogenase.

The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with carbon sources and other essential nutrients required for their growth and survival within the nodules. The fixed nitrogen is then transported from the root nodules to other parts of the plant, enhancing its overall nitrogen nutrition and promoting sustainable growth without the need for external nitrogen fertilizers.

In summary, root nodules in plants are essential structures formed through symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, allowing leguminous plants to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form while also benefiting the environment by reducing the reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers.

The Predictive Value of Tests, specifically the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV), are measures used in diagnostic tests to determine the probability that a positive or negative test result is correct.

Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is the proportion of patients with a positive test result who actually have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true positives divided by the total number of positive results (true positives + false positives). A higher PPV indicates that a positive test result is more likely to be a true positive, and therefore the disease is more likely to be present.

Negative Predictive Value (NPV) is the proportion of patients with a negative test result who do not have the disease. It is calculated as the number of true negatives divided by the total number of negative results (true negatives + false negatives). A higher NPV indicates that a negative test result is more likely to be a true negative, and therefore the disease is less likely to be present.

The predictive value of tests depends on the prevalence of the disease in the population being tested, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the test. A test with high sensitivity and specificity will generally have higher predictive values than a test with low sensitivity and specificity. However, even a highly sensitive and specific test can have low predictive values if the prevalence of the disease is low in the population being tested.

Computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation is the use of computer algorithms and software to assist and enhance the interpretation and analysis of medical images produced by radiography, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. The computer-assisted system can help identify and highlight certain features or anomalies in the image, such as tumors, fractures, or other abnormalities, which may be difficult for the human eye to detect. This technology can improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosis, and may also reduce the risk of human error. It's important to note that the final interpretation and diagnosis is always made by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a radiologist, who takes into account the computer-assisted analysis in conjunction with their clinical expertise and knowledge.

The solitary pulmonary nodule". New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (25): 2535-42. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp012290. PMID 12815140.{{ ... Kikano, George E.; Fabien, Andre; Schilz, Robert (15 December 2015). "Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule". American ... Nodules in skin include dermatofibroma and pyogenic granuloma. Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury, ... Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer. Nodules ...
A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin ... Erasmus JJ, McAdams HP, Connolly JE (2000). "Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part II. Evaluation of the indeterminate nodule". ... Not every round spot on a radiological image is a solitary pulmonary nodule: it may be confused with the projection of a ... Zhan P, Xie H, Xu C, Hao K, Hou Z, Song Y (December 2013). "Management strategy of solitary pulmonary nodules". Journal of ...
Seif F, Khayyata S, Hejal R (2010). "Lipoid Pneumonia Presenting as Solitary Pulmonary Nodule". Chest. 138 (4): 121A. doi: ... "Meta-analysis and systematic review of procalcitonin-guided treatment in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary ... limits antibiotic exposure with no increased mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary ...
"Small cell lung cancer presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule". Cancer. 66 (3): 577-82. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19900801)66:3 ... 2005). "Does sex influence the impact that smoking, treatment interruption and impaired pulmonary function have on outcomes in ... December 2008). "Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary pulmonary neuroendocrine ...
"Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: size matters, but do not ignore the power of morphology". Insights into Imaging. 9 ... In the absence of infectious symptoms, a lung nodule with cavitation is a suspected lung cancer. Gaillard, Frank. "Pulmonary ... A focal lung pneumatosis, is an enclosed pocket of air or gas in the lung and includes blebs, bullae, pulmonary cysts, and lung ... "Pulmonary cyst". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2019-05-01. Hansell, DM.; Bankier, AA.; MacMahon, H.; McLoud, TC.; Müller, NL.; Remy, J ...
"Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: size matters, but do not ignore the power of morphology". Insights into Imaging. 9 ... July 2010). "Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: incidence, risk factors, and ... COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis). On chest X-ray and CT, pulmonary aspergillosis classically manifests as a halo ... or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis ( ...
2004). "The relationship between solitary pulmonary nodules and bronchi: multi-slice CT-pathological correlation". Clin Radiol ... "Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: size matters, but do not ignore the power of morphology". Insights into Imaging. 9 ... Pulmonary edema Non-obstructive atelectasis Severe interstitial lung disease Pulmonary infarct Pulmonary hemorrhage Normal ... In pulmonary consolidations and infiltrates, air bronchograms are most commonly caused by pneumonia or pulmonary edema ( ...
... can often appear as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan. In lung cancer screening studies ... T3 tumors are up to 7 cm across, have multiple nodules in the same lobe of the lung, or invade the chest wall, diaphragm (or ... Tumors that are larger than 7 cm, have nodules spread in different lobes of a lung, or invade the mediastinum (center of the ... Lymph node staging depends on the extent of local spread: with the cancer metastasized to no lymph nodes (N0), pulmonary or ...
Erasmus JJ, Connolly JE, McAdams HP, Roggli VL (2000). "Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part I. Morphologic evaluation for ... The smaller the tumor on a radiograph the more likely it is to be benign as 80% of lung nodules less than 2 cm in diameter are ... Most benign nodules are smoothed radiopaque densities with clear margins but these are not exclusive signs of benign tumors. ... This disorder presents with many benign hamartomatous tumors including angiofibromas, renal angiomyolipomas, and pulmonary ...
... practice guidelines by the American College of Chest Physicians advise on the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Most ... 2007). "Evaluation of Patients With Pulmonary Nodules: When Is It Lung Cancer?: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice ... The American College of Radiology recommends the following workup for thyroid nodules as incidental imaging findings on CT, MRI ... Jenny Hoang (5 November 2013). "Reporting of incidental thyroid nodules on CT and MRI". Radiopaedia., citing: Hoang, Jenny K.; ...
Scientific pitch notation, a method to specify musical pitch Solitary pulmonary nodule, or coin lesion in the lung CD43 or ...
Pulmonary tuberculomas are among the most common benign nodules, with 5%-24% of all resected nodules being of tuberculous ... They occur most often as solitary, infratentorial lesions in young children. In contrast, lesions are most often supratentorial ... Pulmonary tuberculomas may arise due to repeated cycles of necrosis and re-encapsulation of foci, or, alternatively, the ... Khan AN, Al-Jahdali HH, Allen CM, Irion KL, Al Ghanem S, Koteyar SS (April 2010). "The calcified lung nodule: What does it mean ...
... pulmonary mass, or nodules. On radiological imaging, pulmonary infiltrates induced by amiodarone are usually high in ... solitary pulmonary mass (even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases of asbestos-related lung disease, but today ... Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary toxicity in medicine are ... Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Clin Chest Med. 2004 Mar;25(1):65-75. Review. Sunderji R, Kanji Z, Gin K. Pulmonary effects of ...
Solitary calcified nodules or granuloma - Discrete calcified nodule or granuloma, or calcified lymph node. The calcified nodule ... Chest x-ray showing nodule with margins that are indistinct or poorly defined (tree-in-bud sign) in post-primary pulmonary TB. ... Old healed tuberculosis usually presents as pulmonary nodules in the hilar area or upper lobes, with or without fibrotic scars ... Pulmonary abnormalities - Pulmonary finding of a non-TB nature, such as a mass, that needs follow-up. Other - Any other finding ...
Multiple cutaneous nodules may be distributed over the entire body, but are especially prevalent in the scrotum, nasal apex, ... Accordingly, pulmonary symptoms such as cough and dyspnea have been seen. CNS involvement (primary or secondary) can lead to ... Lesions can be solitary or multiple within an organ (especially spleen). Periarticular HS has a distinctive appearance: it ... Histiocytomas usually occur as solitary lesions, which spontaneously regress, and seldom recur. They can occur in dogs of all ...
Visualized lesions can be described as solitary or multiple nodules. The locations of the lesions are mostly in the lower left ... "Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis." Human Pathology 24. 12 (1993): 1313-1322. Rostom AY. "Treatment of thoracic ... In some cases, small nodules can be seen in the pleura using CT scans. Confirmation can be done using video assisted ... diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis and Erdheim-Chester disease. Exposure to asbestos fibers reach the pleura of the lungs ...
... diffuse pulmonary nodules 4-10 mm, greater than 20 nodules, mosaic attenuation or air trapping in greater than 50% of the lung ... Because the hyperplasia of PNE cells can be seen as a reaction to chronic lung disease, surrounding solitary bronchial ... The nodules have an indolent pattern of growth and are found throughout the lungs. The nodules are typically rounded and well- ... small nodules (neuroendocrine bodies), or linear proliferations of pulmonary neuroendocrine (PNE) cells that may be confined to ...
... pulmonary consolidation, a mass, or a nodule". Pathologically, a cavity is "usually produced by the expulsion or drainage of a ... In a study from 1980 that used chest X-rays to evaluate 65 cases of solitary lung cavities, 0% percent of cavities with walls 1 ... A lung cavity or pulmonary cavity is an abnormal, thick-walled, air-filled space within the lung. Cavities in the lung can be ... caused by infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, trauma, congenital defects, or pulmonary embolism. The most common cause ...
On ultrasound, a Sertoli cell tumour appears as a hypoechoic intratesticular lesion which is usually solitary. However, the ... "Use of intralesional oestradiol concentration to identify a functional pulmonary metastasis of canine sertoli cell tumour". J ... of a Leydig cell tumour Androgen-dependent syndromes Leydig cell tumour Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour Sertoli cell nodule Young, ...
Extra-pulmonary paragonimiasis is rarely seen in humans, as the worms nearly exclusively migrate to the lungs. Despite this, ... leaving nodules of fibrous tissues and eggs that can calcify. Worldwide the most common cause of hemoptysis is paragonimiasis. ... along with a solitary, 6-mm-long, reddish-brown fluke subsequently identified as Paragonimus westermani Human infection with ... Chronic pulmonary paragonimiasis, the most common clinical pattern, is frequently mild, with chronic cough, brown-tinged sputum ...
... of nodules with a single punctate calcification, 21% of nodules with coarse calcification, and 22% of nodules with peripheral ... 7, 88 and and9).9). CT scans are also the most sensitive diagnostic tool for the detection of pulmonary micro-metastases. Many ... Thyroid lymphomas have a variable appearance and mostly manifest as a solitary mass (80%). They may also manifest as multiple ... The incidence of thyroid cancer among nodules with different calcifications patterns was 79% of nodules with multiple punctate ...
... but others develop long-term complications such as pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. LCH provokes a non-specific ... Solitary bone lesion may be amenable through excision or limited radiation, dosage of 5-10 Gy for children, 24-30 Gy for adults ... MRI and High-resolution CT may show small, cavitated nodules with thin-walled cysts. MRI scan of the brain can show three ... Whereas patients with skin and a solitary lymph node involvement generally have a good prognosis. Although there is a general ...
NOS Extramedullary plasmacytoma Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (C40._, C41._) Solitary myeloma Solitary plasmacytoma M9732/3 ... Merkel cell tumor Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma M8248/1 Apudoma M8249/3 Atypical carcinoid tumor M8250/1 Pulmonary ... rhabdomyosarcoma M8921/3 Rhabdomyosarcoma with ganglionic differentiation Ectomesenchymoma M8930/0 Endometrial stromal nodule ... M8814/3 Infantile fibrosarcoma Congenital fibrosarcoma M8815/0 Solitary fibrous tumor Localized fibrous tumor M8815/3 Solitary ...
... ganglion ptosis puberty pubic hair pubic symphysis pubis pudendal nerve pulmonary pulmonary alveolus pulmonary trunk pulmonary ... soleus solitary nucleus solitary tract somatic somatic motor nuclei somite spasm spasticity specific sensory nucleus of ... neuropil nevus nictitating membrane nigrostriatal axon nipple Nissl body nociception nodes of Ranvier nodose ganglion nodule ... colic artery left common carotid artery left gastroepiploic artery left mainstem bronchi left marginal artery left pulmonary ...
Primary pulmonary EMZL (or primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma) is a rare disorder but nonetheless represents up to 80% of all ... Endoscopic examination most often reveals a single polyp or rarely multiple polyps, a mucosal ulcer, or a mucosal nodule. ... Endoscopy, endosonography and chest CT scans reveal a solitary esophageal mass of varying size or, more commonly, a linear ... Primary pulmonary EMZL usually afflicts patients 50-60 years old; in almost 50% of cases the disease is diagnosed in symptom- ...
... pulmonary fibrosis) and nodules, scarring within the chest cavity (mediastinal fibrosis) or in the anatomic space behind the ... In one study, EUS revealed a diffusely swollen and hypoechoic pancreas in 8 of the 14 (57%) patients, and a solitary, focal, ...
Associated with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Giant Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm: Case Report and Review of ... Muhammad H, Santhanam P, Russell JO (June 2021). "Radiofrequency ablation and thyroid nodules: updated systematic review". ... and the fibers terminate in the solitary nucleus.: 86-88 Parasympathetic fibers to segments of the trachea and esophagus in the ... thermal injury can occur with the use of radio frequency ablation to remove thyroid nodules. The nerve is permanently damaged ...
... nodules, tumors, and ulcerations, some of which may be painful and most of which are located on the breast, lower abdomen, and/ ... highly toxic reactions to Rituximab such as pulmonary failure may occur and require delay or interrupting the use of this drug ... An occult lesion localized in a solitary angiolipoma". The Journal of Dermatology. 44 (3): e28-e29. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13504 ...
Subepidermal calcified nodule (solitary congenital nodular calcification, Winer's nodular calcinosis) Transient ... Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis Primary pulmonary ... Solitary angiokeratoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma Solitary mastocytoma Solitary neurofibroma (plexiform neurofibroma, ... solitary lichen planus, solitary lichenoid keratosis) Linear verrucous epidermal nevus (linear epidermal nevus, verrucous ...
Yan J, Wang J, Zhang W, Chen M, Chen J, Liu W (April 2017). "Solitary plasmacytoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a ... Tang VK, Vijhani P, Cherian SV, Ambelil M, Estrada-Y-Martin RM (2018). "Primary pulmonary lymphoproliferative neoplasms". Lung ... Affected individuals are usually middle aged and present with obvious tumors, hemoptysis, ulcerating skin nodules, obstructions ... EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder in which infiltrating B cells cause solitary, well- ...
Current widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has led to exponential rise in detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs ... Imaging of solitary pulmonary nodule-a clinical review Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2013 Dec;3(6):316-26. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223- ... Current widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has led to exponential rise in detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs ... Lack of significant contrast enhancement is also more suggestive of benign nodules. With improved understanding of tumor ...
... discrete pulmonary opacity that is surrounded by normal lung tissue and is not associated with adenopathy or atelectasis. The ... A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is defined as a single, ... Solitary pulmonary nodule. Close-up view of a pulmonary ... encoded search term (Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Imaging) and Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Imaging What to Read Next on Medscape ... Solitary pulmonary nodule. Findings show a right-sided pulmonary nodule. The differential is long; however, CT scan may be ...
Long-term follow-up of persistent pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules with deep learning-assisted nodule segmentation European ... Long-term follow-up of persistent pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules with deep learning-assisted nodule segmentation European ... Proposing a deep learning-based method for improving the diagnostic certainty of pulmonary nodules in CT scan of chest European ... Proposing a deep learning-based method for improving the diagnostic certainty of pulmonary nodules in CT scan of chest European ...
... January 24, 2007. By Allison Zwingenberger One of the most frustrating things to ... pericardial effusion pneumonia pneumothorax polyarthritis PPDH pulmonary pulmonary abscess pulmonary adenocarcinoma pulmonary ... Of course, some nodules will not be well-defined no matter what you do. And a single nodule doesnt necessarily mean metastatic ... The more air in the lung, the better the contrast between lung and nodule. So a nodule in the right lung will be seen best on ...
Shah N. Shah N Shah, Neeral. Solitary Pulmonary Nodules. The Infographic Guide to Medicine, 3 February 2023. McGraw Hill, 2023 ... Shah N. Shah N Shah, Neeral. "Solitary Pulmonary Nodules." The Infographic Guide to Medicine . . McGraw Hill, 2023, https:// ... Shah N. Shah N Shah, Neeral. (2023). Solitary pulmonary nodules. . . The infographic guide to medicine. McGraw Hill. https:// ...
... usually appears as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) which are hard to diagnose using the naked eye. In this paper, curvelet- ... Lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, usually appears as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) which are ... Prediction models for solitary pulmonary nodules based on curvelet textural features and clinical parameters ... Prediction models for solitary pulmonary nodules based on curvelet textural features and clinical parameters. Asian Pacific ...
Participants: Participants with solitary pulmonary nodules of , 8 mm and of , 30 mm in size with no malignancy in the previous ... Participants: Participants with solitary pulmonary nodules of , 8 mm and of , 30 mm in size with no malignancy in the previous ... Participants: Participants with solitary pulmonary nodules of , 8 mm and of , 30 mm in size with no malignancy in the previous ... Participants: Participants with solitary pulmonary nodules of , 8 mm and of , 30 mm in size with no malignancy in the previous ...
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... solitary pulmonary nodules have many causes (see table Some Causes of a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Some Causes of a Solitary ... A solitary pulmonary nodule is defined as a discrete lesion , 3 cm in diameter that is completely surrounded by lung parenchyma ... Solitary pulmonary nodules are most often detected incidentally when a CT or chest x-ray is taken for other reasons, or during ...
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of both solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has increased ... Left pulmonary surgery was carried out subsequently.. RESULTS: The mean procedure duration was 203.1 ± 15.6 (range 177-224) min ... No pulmonary vein stenosis was detected at the 3rd postoperative month. There were no deaths or thromboembolic events during ... A modified epicardial radiofrequency ablation combined with pulmonary vein isolation, circumferential left atrial ablation, ...
The solitary pulmonary nodule". New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (25): 2535-42. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp012290. PMID 12815140.{{ ... Kikano, George E.; Fabien, Andre; Schilz, Robert (15 December 2015). "Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule". American ... Nodules in skin include dermatofibroma and pyogenic granuloma. Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury, ... Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer. Nodules ...
Solitary pulmonary nodule imaging approaches and the role of optical fibre-based technologies (2021).. 2021, Optical Fibre- ... Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are a clinical challenge, given there is no single clinical sign or radiological feature that ... Sub millimetre flexible fibre probe for background and fluorescence free Raman spectroscopy (2021). Pulmonary-Resident Memory ...
Pulmonary nodules *BTS guideline of pulmonary nodules. *Fleischner 2017 guideline. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule *Pulmonary nodule ... Pulmonary nodules. *BTS guideline of pulmonary nodules. *Fleischner 2017 guideline. * Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. *Pulmonary ...
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. AKA. coin lesion. When is it referred to as a -mas-s? ... What percentage of solitary nodules are malignant?. 40%: carcinoma, hamartoma, metast-asis, and 95% of malignant nodule are ... What may suggest a benign cause of a solitary nodule?. If the lesion has not enlarged in ,2 years, and most are infectious ...
EBUS-GS is a useful method for collecting samples from peripheral pulmonary lesions, even those too small to be visualized ... Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / diagnostic imaging* * Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / pathology * Technology Assessment, Biomedical ... Conclusions: EBUS-GS is a useful method for collecting samples from peripheral pulmonary lesions, even those too small to be ... Endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath increases the ability to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions ...
Pulmonary nodules *BTS guideline. *Fleischner 2017 guideline. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule *Benign versus Malignant ...
Remove tumors, such as solitary pulmonary nodule. *Inflate lung tissue that has collapsed (This may be due to disease such as ... Lumb A, Thomas C. Pulmonary surgery. In: Lumb A, Thomas C, eds. Nunn and Lumbs Applied Respiratory Physiology. 9th ed. ...
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Yield of Transbroncial Biopsy with Low-Dose Multidetector CT-guidance.. von psenner , ... Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Yield of Transbroncial Biopsy with Low-Dose Multidetector CT-guidance.. RSNA 88th ... Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Yield of Transbroncial Biopsy with Low-Dose Multidetector CT-guidance. ...
Other causes of a solitary pulmonary nodule *Folded lung. *Metastatic lesion. *Lymphoma ... Lesions that are similar in appearance to rounded atelectasis (i.e., solitary pulmonary mass) are *Malignancies such as ... Other pulmonary fibrosis. *Left ventricular failure (presents with dyspnea, rales, edema, restriction, and basilar markings on ... In cases that are not clear cut, a referral to a pulmonary specialist for further workup is indicated. ...
Solitary Fibrous Tumor. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. Spleen Cancer. Stomach Cancer. Thoracic Cancer ... Surgical and radiation treatment of a paravertebral malignant solitary fibrous tumor: a case report and literature review. AME ...
Solitary pulmonary nodule (Residents,Fellows). *Patient with Hemothorax (Residents and Fellows) *Hemoptysis (Residents and ... Pulmonary Embolism (Medical student). *Tuberculosis (Medical student). The same case is presented in three separate lessons. ...
Solitary pulmonary nodule evaluation with 99mTc-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile in a tuberculosis-endemic area. Eur Respir J. 2007 ... Healed and latent TB: Dense pulmonary nodules in hilar or upper lobes; smaller nodules in upper lobes ... Patients with pulmonary TB may have the following:. * Abnormal breath sounds, especially over the upper lobes or involved areas ... Early tubercles are spherical, 0.5- to 3-mm nodules with 3 or 4 cellular zones demonstrating the following features:. * A ...
Click here to visit the Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Fellowship - Curriculum page and learn more about the opportunities ... 62-year-old woman with PET-positive solitary pulmonary nodule. Saha B, Chong WH, Chieng H, Chopra A. BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Jun 24; ... A 28-Year-Old Man With Diffuse Bilateral Pulmonary Nodules. Pokhrel K, Barry S, Ibrahim A, Smith T, Chopra A. Chest. 2022 Jul; ... Home / Education / Residencies & Fellowships / Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Fellowship / Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine ...
... was to assess the effects of IV contrast medium and different CT scan delays on volumetric measurements of pulmonary nodule. ... this study was to assess the effects of IV contrast medium and different CT scan delays on volumetric measurements of pulmonary ... Nodule Measurement, CT Scan Delay. Benign Nodule. Malignant Nodule. pa. Benign Nodule. Malignant Nodule. pa. ... Nodules were excluded if they had calcification (four nodules), cavities (one nodule), or fat (three nodules) at thin-section ...
Guideline on Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. Carlos J. Álvarez Martínez, Gorka Bastarrika Alemañ, Carlos Disdier ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Audit - Turning Data Into Better Care for Patients. C. Michael Roberts. ... Questionnaires in Multidimensional Assessment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin. José Luis ... Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Canary Islands. Carlos Cabrera López, Gabriel Juliá Serdá, Cristina ...
Surgical resection is sufficient for incidentally discovered solitary pulmonary nodule caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in ... 4] and include (1) pulmonary disease, (2) lymphadenitis, (3) skin or soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), [5] and (4) disseminated ... Middle-class, middle-aged, white men of urban origin are most commonly affected from pulmonary and skin and soft tissue disease ... The main host-derived risk factor for pulmonary NTM infection is a preexisting lung disease such as chronic obstructive ...
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Determining the Likelyhood of Malignancy with Neural Network Analysis. Radiology 1995(September).. ...
In recent years computer-assisted analysis of indeterminate lung nodules has been receiving increasing... ... Radiological examination of pulmonary nodules on CT involves the assessment of the nodules size and morphology, a procedure ... Snoeckx, A., et al.: Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule: size matters, but do not ignore the power of morphology. ... Radiological examination of pulmonary nodules on CT involves the assessment of the nodules size and morphology, a procedure ...
  • The likelihood of malignancy increases with nodule size, which may influence management strategy. (medscape.com)
  • The most commonly used model, from the Mayo Clinic, estimates the probability of malignancy using 6 independent predictors: smoking history, older age, history of extrathoracic cancer more than 5 years before nodule detection, nodule diameter, spiculation presence, and upper lobe location. (medscape.com)
  • When radiologists encounter pulmonary nodules/masses in computed tomography (CT) images, they diagnose malignancy based on lesion characteristics (e.g., spiculation and calcification). (myesr.org)
  • Limitations: The high prevalence of malignancy in nodules observed in this trial, compared with that observed in nodules identified within screening programmes, limits the generalisation of the current results to nodules identified by screening. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) is important, especially when it is required to confirm or exclude malignancy. (archbronconeumol.org)
  • For example, the principal predictor of malignancy for pulmonary nodules is size. (emra.org)
  • Surprisingly, malignancy was found in only 2.6% of patients with nodules. (emra.org)
  • These mixed nodules typically have a higher incidence of malignancy. (medpagetoday.com)
  • It's the latter that may prove worrisome because the solid part in mixed GGO nodules histologically represents malignancy, and the solid transformation of GGO nodules is considered a strong indicator of malignant invasion (pure GGO areas are viewed as adenocarcinoma in situ). (medpagetoday.com)
  • Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence Can Predict Malignancy of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules in the Elderly. (cdc.gov)
  • Current widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has led to exponential rise in detection of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). (nih.gov)
  • Lung cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, usually appears as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) which are hard to diagnose using the naked eye. (edu.au)
  • Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) are a clinical challenge, given there is no single clinical sign or radiological feature that definitively identifies a benign from a malignant SPN. (tht.ac.uk)
  • Pretest probability (PTP) calculators are used to guide the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). (medscape.com)
  • FDG-PET scans have lower sensitivity for nodules smaller than 20 mm in diameter and may miss lesions smaller than 10 mm. (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this retrospective diagnostic study was to develop and validate a preoperative CT-based nomogram combined with radiomic and clinical-radiological signatures to distinguish preinvasive lesions from pulmonary invasive lesions. (myesr.org)
  • EBUS-GS is a useful method for collecting samples from peripheral pulmonary lesions, even those too small to be visualized under fluoroscopy. (nih.gov)
  • CT follow-up of lung nodules is commonly used to assess potential growth of undetermined lesions and to evaluate therapeutic response of pulmonary metastases. (ajronline.org)
  • All data used in this retrospective study were collected from a previous research protocol aimed at diagnosing the nature of undetermined pulmonary nodules and small mass lesions by dynamic contrast enhancement study. (ajronline.org)
  • There were no other pulmonary lesions nor evidence of mediastinal or axillary lymphadenopathy. (eurorad.org)
  • For multiple subsolid nodules where there is a dominant lesion or lesions, the latter determine further management. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Background: Current pathways recommend positron emission tomography-computerised tomography for the characterisation of solitary pulmonary nodules. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: Findings from this research indicate that positron emission tomography-computerised tomography is more accurate than dynamic contrast-enhanced computerised tomography for the characterisation of solitary pulmonary nodules. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a deep learning (DL)-based method used for diagnosing pulmonary nodules compared with the diagnostic approach of the radiologist in computed tomography (CT) of the chest. (myesr.org)
  • Screening studies using computed tomography (CT) show that up to 34% of such operations are performed for benign nodules [ 3 - 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • A Computed Tomography (CT) without contrast confirmed a solitary well-circumscribed nodule (20 x 19 x 19 millimetre) without intralesional calcifications and a CT density of 35 Hounsfield Units (Fig. 2). (eurorad.org)
  • As low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer is being implemented at many institutions, ground glass opacity (GGO) lung nodules are detected very commonly on CT scans of the chest. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Radiographically, a nodule is defined as a lesion smaller than 3 cm. (medscape.com)
  • A thorough physical examination may uncover findings that suggest an etiology (eg, a breast lump or skin lesion suggestive of cancer) for a pulmonary nodule but cannot definitely establish the cause. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The imaging tools that are used to evaluate solitary pulmonary nodules include chest CT and functional imaging (usually fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, or FDG-PET). (medscape.com)
  • Objectives: To determine the diagnostic performances of dynamic contrast-enhanced computerised tomography and positron emission tomography-computerised tomography in the NHS for solitary pulmonary nodules. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Noninvasive tests, such as fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography or dynamic CT with nodule enhancement, cannot distinguish benign disease from malignant disease with sufficient accuracy [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • To reduce intra- and interobserver variability of manual measurements [ 1 , 2 ], some authors [ 3 , 4 ] recommend automated volume calculation as a reliable tool to evaluate potential nodule variation that, in clinical practice, could drastically influence the diagnosis and eventual therapeutic choices. (ajronline.org)
  • As demonstrated by incidental pulmonary and adnexal masses, you might imagine that the approach to evaluating the clinical relevance of incidental radiographic findings varies. (emra.org)
  • Since the management of these lung nodules could be a challenge in clinical practice because of their varied sizes, multiple components, and patients risk factors, a more systemic approach was needed. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Inflate lung tissue that has collapsed (This may be due to disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or an injury. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It has also had a negative impact on the use of other single-photon tracer-labeled tumor diagnostic imaging agents, such as CEA-Scan (Immunomedics) for staging colorectal carcinoma and NeoTect (Berlex) for differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • [ 1 ] The development of pulmonary metastases in patients with known malignancies indicates disseminated disease and places the patient in stage IV in TNM (tumor, node metastasis) staging systems. (medscape.com)
  • When the primary tumor invades the venous system, tumor cells embolize to the lungs through the pulmonary or bronchial arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The tumor initially spreads via a hematogenous route to the pulmonary arterioles and capillaries with retrograde spread from hilar nodal metastases or upper abdominal tumors, but subsequently extends through the vascular walls, invades the low resistant peribronchovascular lymphatics, and spreads along the lymphatics. (medscape.com)
  • 9. Nikoletic K., Lucic S., Peter A., Kolarov V., Zeravica R., Srbovan D. Lung 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy: impact on diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule // Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences. (medline.ru)
  • Nonpulmonary soft-tissue densities caused by nipple shadows, warts, cutaneous nodules, and bone abnormalities are often confused for a nodule on chest x-ray. (msdmanuals.com)
  • And a single nodule doesn't necessarily mean metastatic disease. (veterinaryradiology.net)
  • Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lack of significant contrast enhancement is also more suggestive of benign nodules. (nih.gov)
  • Other nodule features such as shape, edge characteristics, cavitation, and location have not yet been found to be accurate clues for distinguishing benign from malignant nodules. (medscape.com)
  • FDG-PET scans have several limitations because false-positive findings can occur in other infectious or inflammatory conditions that yield metabolically active pulmonary nodules. (medscape.com)
  • The advantages of CT scanning over radiography include better resolution of nodules and detection of nodules as small as 3-4 mm. (medscape.com)
  • In the present work, the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was standardized, and the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was evaluated comparing baciloscopy, culture and PCR tests. (scielo.br)
  • The increased use of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer will boost the incidence of GGO nodule detection , but managing these nodules is a challenge. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Imaging plays an important role in the screening and detection of pulmonary metastases. (medscape.com)
  • Chest radiography (CXR) is the initial imaging modality used in the detection of suspected pulmonary metastasis in patients with known malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • AI Improves Nodule Detection on Chest Radiographs in a Health Screening Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (cdc.gov)
  • Chest radiograph of a 58-year-old man with malignant melanoma (note surgical clips in right lower neck) shows multiple pulmonary nodules of varying sizes consistent with metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, a nodule in a dorsal lung lobe will be seen better on a d/v projection. (veterinaryradiology.net)
  • Fig. 1 - 59-year-old woman with right lower lobe pulmonary nodule. (ajronline.org)
  • A subsequent FDG-PET-CT was performed showing a nodule in the right upper lobe, which was intensely FDG-avid (SUV:10) (Fig. 3). (eurorad.org)
  • Pulmonary specialists have advocated for a more systematic approach to ensure correct diagnosis and optimal management, and one of these approaches are the guidelines from the Fleischer Society (the Society for Thoracic Imaging and Diagnosis) . (medpagetoday.com)
  • On conventional imaging, the morphological features supporting benignity include stable small nodule size, smooth demarcated margins, and calcifications. (nih.gov)
  • Most solitary pulmonary nodules are incidental findings on imaging studies of the chest, abdomen, and upper extremities. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] Contrast enhancement is not typically required when imaging a solitary nodule. (medscape.com)
  • CT is the imaging modality of choice for reevaluation of pulmonary nodules visible on chest radiography and for continued surveillance of nodules for change in size. (medscape.com)
  • The mainstay of solitary pulmonary nodule diagnosis is interval imaging. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Solitary pulmonary nodule imaging approaches and the role of optical fibre-based technologies (2021). (tht.ac.uk)
  • A chest radiograph or other imaging and pulmonary function tests [American Thoracic Society 2004]. (cdc.gov)
  • Several thermal ablation options are available for treatment of pulmonary metastases, which is performed under CT guidance. (medscape.com)
  • Axial CT scan in a 58-year-old man with malignant melanoma shows multiple round nodules and masses of varying sizes in both lungs, consistent with metastases. (medscape.com)
  • This rotation provides an opportunity to manage a wide range of complex pulmonary pathology including asthma, COPD, OSA, interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and sarcoidosis. (amc.edu)
  • The more air in the lung, the better the contrast between lung and nodule. (veterinaryradiology.net)
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of IV contrast medium and different CT scan delays on volumetric measurements of pulmonary nodule. (ajronline.org)
  • Automated volumes of 35 pulmonary nodules were calculated with two dedicated software packages (designated as software A and software B) for each unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT scan at 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-, and 300-second delays (injection protocol, 2 mL/s and 2 mL/kg). (ajronline.org)
  • Contrast-enhanced volume ratio was calculated as the ratio between contrast-enhanced and unenhanced nodule volume. (ajronline.org)
  • We recommend comparing volume of pulmonary nodules obtained from CT examinations only if they are all performed with or without contrast material, whereas nodule volumes obtained by use of enhanced CT performed with different scan delays are comparable. (ajronline.org)
  • to our knowledge, only one other study has evaluated lung nodule volume variability before and after contrast medium injection [ 12 ], but none has determined the influence of different CT scan delays on volumetric variation. (ajronline.org)
  • As an example, lung nodules may be initially detected on CT examinations performed without contrast medium, but follow-up CT studies might require contrast medium. (ajronline.org)
  • Image shows lung nodule volume (cubic millimeters) and density (Hounsfield units) of unenhanced (0 second) and contrast-enhanced CT scans performed at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 300 seconds, calculated with LungCARE software (Siemens Healthcare). (ajronline.org)
  • In this study, we evaluated the variation of automated volume measurements of lung nodules during dynamic multiphase contrast-enhanced CT, using two different commercially available software packages. (ajronline.org)
  • Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of IV contrast material and different CT scan delays on automated volume measurement of pulmonary nodules and to determinate whether different software packages provide different contrast-enhanced measurements. (ajronline.org)
  • Chest CT, preferably with thin sections, should be obtained in all patients with unclearly characterized solitary pulmonary nodules visible on chest radiography. (medscape.com)
  • The test, which included patients with pulmonary nodules resected in 2017, showed that DLAD was robust to the test-retest variation. (myesr.org)
  • A modified epicardial radiofrequency ablation combined with pulmonary vein isolation, circumferential left atrial ablation, ganglionic plexus ablation and left atrial appendage resection was performed for all patients. (bairdinstitute.org.au)
  • As a large tertiary care hospital, our closed ICU assumes care of patients with several complex and interconnected medical pathology, and is managed by Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) division with a team consisting of senior resident and intern residents supervised by a PCCM faculty member and fellow. (amc.edu)
  • In recent years computer-assisted analysis of indeterminate lung nodules has been receiving increasing research attention as a potential means to improve the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with lung cancer. (springer.com)
  • The study was carried out with 117 sputum samples from different patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis, for whom physicians had ordered a baciloscopy test. (scielo.br)
  • 50 years old, 20+ pack years smoking), 1,049 patients had pulmonary nodules. (emra.org)
  • Often patients are asymptomatic, although persistent cough, pulmonary infections or thoracic discomfort may be present. (eurorad.org)
  • The microscopic spread of metastasis through lymphatics and perilymphatic connective tissue is seen histopathologically in 56% of patients with pulmonary metastasis. (medscape.com)
  • A high index of suspicion is essential in susceptible patients presenting with pulmonary infiltrate, cerebral abscess or deep soft-tissue abscess and usually requires an active diagnostic workup and early administration of appropriate therapy. (who.int)
  • CT can also distinguish pulmonary from pleural radiopacities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chest ultrasound examination showed a nodule of 26 mm of maximum depth with pleural contact, mobile with respiratory movements and partially covered by the adjacent rib, leaving a narrow intercostal space for examination. (archbronconeumol.org)
  • Malignancies can reach the lung through 5 different pathways-hematogenous through the pulmonary or bronchial artery, lymphatics, pleural space, airway, or direct invasion. (medscape.com)
  • Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury, and are frequently found on vocal cords, They occur in conditions including endometriosis, neurofibromatosis, and in rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nodule attenuation was also determined. (ajronline.org)
  • A confident diagnosis of subacute HP is based on the presence of ground-glass opacities, poorly defined centrilobular nodules, and mosaic attenuation on inspiratory images and of air trapping on expiratory CT images. (ajronline.org)
  • The only findings sufficient to preclude further evaluation are a benign pattern of calcification or stability of nodule size for over 2 years for solid pulmonary nodules. (medscape.com)
  • The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is defined as a single, discrete pulmonary opacity that is surrounded by normal lung tissue and is not associated with adenopathy or atelectasis . (medscape.com)
  • As a result, the majority of nodules are indeterminate. (medscape.com)
  • For a clear positive answer, we would like to see multiple, well-defined soft tissue nodules in the lungs. (veterinaryradiology.net)
  • We also provide fellows outpatient elective rotations at the sleep, sarcoidosis, and pulmonary hypertension clinics. (amc.edu)
  • Solitary pulmonary nodules are most often detected incidentally when a CT or chest x-ray is taken for other reasons, or during lung cancer screening. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lung cancer can also be an incidental finding, as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan taken for an unrelated reason. (primidi.com)
  • Radiography often shows a co-incidental-finding of a pulmonary solitary nodule or mass, which is usually well-circumscribed. (eurorad.org)
  • Older age, cigarette smoking, and history of cancer all increase the probability of cancer and are used along with the nodule diameter to estimate likelihood ratios for cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fellows are responsible for performing and teaching routine ICU procedures such as central venous catheter, temporary non-tunneled HD catheter, Swan-Ganz catheter/pulmonary artery catheters/right heart catheterization, endotracheal intubation, cordis lines, arterial catheters, thoracentesis, paracentesis, thoracic pigtail catheters, and percutaneous tracheostomies. (amc.edu)
  • The incidence of both solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has increased over the past decade. (bairdinstitute.org.au)
  • As a result, surgical exploration prior to parenchymal nodule resection was common. (medscape.com)
  • Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Yield of Transbroncial Biopsy with Low-Dose Multidetector CT-guidance. (radiologie-grosshadern.de)
  • Nocardiosis is usually an opportunistic a specimen obtained through an invasive infection and most commonly presents as procedure (e.g. bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary disease. (who.int)
  • Dermatofibroma CT (L) and ultrasound (R) of thyroid colloid nodule with calcification lung nodule Merkel cell carcinoma Pyogenic granuloma lipoma Mosby (2013). (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the most frustrating things to diagnose is a single, ill-defined pulmonary nodule. (veterinaryradiology.net)
  • Radiological examination of pulmonary nodules on CT involves the assessment of the nodules' size and morphology, a procedure usually performed manually. (springer.com)