Congenital or postnatal overgrowth syndrome most often in height and occipitofrontal circumference with variable delayed motor and cognitive development. Other associated features include advanced bone age, seizures, NEONATAL JAUNDICE; HYPOTONIA; and SCOLIOSIS. It is also associated with increased risk of developing neoplasms in adulthood. Mutations in the NSD1 protein and its HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY are associated with the syndrome.
The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.
A characteristic symptom complex.
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.
The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term referring to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual, which may be genetic or environmental in origin, and can affect various systems and organs of the body.
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
Establishment of the age of an individual by examination of their skeletal structure.
One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

The structure of NSD1 reveals an autoregulatory mechanism underlying histone H3K36 methylation. (1/9)

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Sotos syndrome and scoliosis surgical treatment: a 10-year follow-up. (2/9)

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Sotos syndrome. (3/9)

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A child with an STK11 mutation and Sotos syndrome-like features: can STK11 mutations produce a Sotos syndrome phenocopy? (4/9)

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Sotos syndrome, failure to thrive and parotitis. (5/9)

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A case of Sotos syndrome treated with distraction osteogenesis in maxilla and mandible. (6/9)

Sotos syndrome is inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner and is characterized by increased birth weight, excessive growth, advanced bone age, and distinctive facial features, including dolichocephaly, hypertelorism, and a prominent mandible. We treated a jaw deformity due to Sotos syndrome consisting of malocclusion due to a narrow maxillary dental arch and mandibular retrusion from hypoplasia of the rami. The patient was a 17-year-old man. Malocclusion due to a narrow maxillary dental arch and mandibular retrusion was diagnosed. Rapid maxillary expansion with Lines corticotomy and mandibular advancement with distraction osteogenesis were performed. The maxilla was expanded laterally a total of 3 mm and the mandible prolonged 12 mm in the posterior area of the mandibular body. Subsequently, orthodontic treatment was continued. At present, 5 years after surgery, occlusion remains good and stable.  (+info)

Generation of the Sotos syndrome deletion in mice. (7/9)

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Sotos syndrome is associated with deregulation of the MAPK/ERK-signaling pathway. (8/9)

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Sotos Syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive early growth and developmental delay. It is also known as cerebral gigantism. The symptoms typically include:

1. Large size at birth, with rapid postnatal growth leading to tall stature in early childhood.
2. Developmental delay, often becoming apparent after the first year of life. This may include delayed milestones in sitting, standing, walking, and speaking.
3. Macrocephaly (large head size).
4. Characteristic facial features such as a high forehead, prominent jaw, and wide-spaced eyes.
5. Learning difficulties or intellectual disability, ranging from mild to severe.
6. Increased risk of seizures, particularly in infancy and childhood.
7. Behavioral problems such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) or autism spectrum disorders.

The syndrome is caused by mutations in the NSD1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate gene expression. In Sotos Syndrome, the mutated NSD1 gene doesn't function properly, leading to overgrowth and developmental delay. The syndrome is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that only one copy of the altered gene, inherited from either parent, is sufficient to cause the disorder. However, most cases result from new (de novo) mutations in the gene and occur in people with no family history of the disorder.

Gigantism is a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. This occurs due to an overproduction of growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, during the growth phase in childhood. The pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing this hormone.

In gigantism, the pituitary gland releases too much GH, leading to abnormal bone and tissue growth. This condition is different from acromegaly, which is characterized by excessive GH production in adulthood after the growth phase has ended. In both cases, the excess GH can lead to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and joint problems.

Gigantism is typically caused by a benign tumor called a pituitary adenoma that presses against and stimulates the production of GH from the anterior pituitary gland. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor or medication to control GH levels, depending on the severity and progression of the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the symptoms and preventing long-term health complications associated with gigantism.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

Craniofacial abnormalities refer to a group of birth defects that affect the development of the skull and face. These abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may involve differences in the shape and structure of the head, face, and jaws, as well as issues with the formation of facial features such as the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Craniofacial abnormalities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples of craniofacial abnormalities include cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull bones), and hemifacial microsomia (underdevelopment of one side of the face).

Treatment for craniofacial abnormalities may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, and other specialists. Treatment options may include surgery, bracing, therapy, and other interventions to help improve function and appearance.

"Facies" is a medical term that refers to the typical appearance of a person or part of the body, particularly the face, which may provide clues about their underlying medical condition or genetic background. A specific facies is often associated with certain syndromes or disorders. For example, a "downsyndrome facies" refers to the distinctive facial features commonly found in individuals with Down syndrome, such as a flattened nasal bridge, almond-shaped eyes, and an upward slant to the eyelids.

It's important to note that while facies can provide valuable diagnostic information, it should be used in conjunction with other clinical findings and genetic testing to make a definitive diagnosis. Additionally, facies should be described objectively and without judgment, as they are simply physical characteristics associated with certain medical conditions.

'Abnormalities, Multiple' is a broad term that refers to the presence of two or more structural or functional anomalies in an individual. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or can develop later in life (acquired). They can affect various organs and systems of the body and can vary greatly in severity and impact on a person's health and well-being.

Multiple abnormalities can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, exposure to teratogens (substances that cause birth defects), and maternal infections during pregnancy are some of the common causes of multiple congenital abnormalities.

Examples of multiple congenital abnormalities include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and VATER/VACTERL association. Acquired multiple abnormalities can result from conditions such as trauma, infection, degenerative diseases, or cancer.

The medical evaluation and management of individuals with multiple abnormalities depend on the specific abnormalities present and their impact on the individual's health and functioning. A multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is often involved in the care of these individuals to address their complex needs.

Growth disorders are medical conditions that affect a person's growth and development, leading to shorter or taller stature than expected for their age, sex, and ethnic group. These disorders can be caused by various factors, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.

There are two main types of growth disorders:

1. Short stature: This refers to a height that is significantly below average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Short stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome or dwarfism, hormonal deficiencies, chronic illnesses, malnutrition, and psychosocial issues.
2. Tall stature: This refers to a height that is significantly above average for a person's age, sex, and ethnic group. Tall stature can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome, hormonal imbalances, and certain medical conditions like acromegaly.

Growth disorders can have significant impacts on a person's physical, emotional, and social well-being. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and manage these conditions early to optimize growth and development and improve overall quality of life. Treatment options for growth disorders may include medication, nutrition therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Age determination by skeleton, also known as skeletal aging or skeletal maturation, is the process of estimating a person's age based on the analysis of their skeletal remains. This technique is commonly used in forensic anthropology to help identify unknown individuals or determine the time since death.

The method involves examining various features of the skeleton, such as the degree of fusion of epiphyseal growth plates, the shape and size of certain bones, and the presence or absence of degenerative changes. These features change in a predictable way as a person grows and develops, allowing for an estimation of their age at death.

It is important to note that while skeletal aging can provide useful information, it is not always possible to determine an exact age. Instead, forensic anthropologists typically provide a range of ages that the individual may have fallen into based on the skeletal evidence. Additionally, factors such as genetics, nutrition, and health can affect the rate at which skeletal features develop, making it difficult to provide a precise estimate in some cases.

Human chromosome pair 5 consists of two rod-shaped structures present in the nucleus of human cells, which contain genetic material in the form of DNA and proteins. Each member of chromosome pair 5 is a single chromosome, and humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes in every cell of their body (except gametes or sex cells, which contain 23 chromosomes).

Chromosome pair 5 is one of the autosomal pairs, meaning it is not a sex chromosome. Each member of chromosome pair 5 is approximately 197 million base pairs in length and contains around 800-900 genes that provide instructions for making proteins and regulating various cellular processes.

Chromosome pair 5 is associated with several genetic disorders, including cri du chat syndrome (resulting from a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5), Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome (both resulting from abnormalities in gene expression on the long arm of chromosome 5).

Intellectual disability (ID) is a term used when there are significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.

Intellectual functioning, also known as intelligence, refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and other cognitive skills. Adaptive behavior includes skills needed for day-to-day life, such as communication, self-care, social skills, safety judgement, and basic academic skills.

Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intelligence or mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living. It can be mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on the degree of limitation in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

It's important to note that people with intellectual disabilities have unique strengths and limitations, just like everyone else. With appropriate support and education, they can lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities in many ways.

Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions that arise in childhood and are characterized by significant impairments in cognitive functioning, physical development, or both. These disabilities can affect various areas of an individual's life, including their ability to learn, communicate, socialize, and take care of themselves.

Examples of developmental disabilities include intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. These conditions are typically diagnosed in childhood and can persist throughout an individual's life.

The causes of developmental disabilities are varied and can include genetic factors, environmental influences, and complications during pregnancy or childbirth. In some cases, the exact cause may be unknown.

It is important to note that individuals with developmental disabilities have unique strengths and abilities, as well as challenges. With appropriate support and services, they can lead fulfilling lives and participate actively in their communities.

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins are molecules that play a crucial role in transmitting signals within cells, which ultimately lead to changes in cell behavior or function. These signals can originate from outside the cell (extracellular) or within the cell itself. Intracellular signaling molecules include various types of peptides and proteins, such as:

1. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): These are seven-transmembrane domain receptors that bind to extracellular signaling molecules like hormones, neurotransmitters, or chemokines. Upon activation, they initiate a cascade of intracellular signals through G proteins and secondary messengers.
2. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs): These are transmembrane receptors that bind to growth factors, cytokines, or hormones. Activation of RTKs leads to autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for intracellular signaling proteins such as adapter proteins, phosphatases, and enzymes like Ras, PI3K, and Src family kinases.
3. Second messenger systems: Intracellular second messengers are small molecules that amplify and propagate signals within the cell. Examples include cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol triphosphate (IP3), calcium ions (Ca2+), and nitric oxide (NO). These second messengers activate or inhibit various downstream effectors, leading to changes in cellular responses.
4. Signal transduction cascades: Intracellular signaling proteins often form complex networks of interacting molecules that relay signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. These cascades involve kinases (protein kinases A, B, C, etc.), phosphatases, and adapter proteins, which ultimately regulate gene expression, cell cycle progression, metabolism, and other cellular processes.
5. Ubiquitination and proteasome degradation: Intracellular signaling pathways can also control protein stability by modulating ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. E3 ubiquitin ligases recognize specific substrates and conjugate them with ubiquitin molecules, targeting them for proteasomal degradation. This process regulates the abundance of key signaling proteins and contributes to signal termination or amplification.

In summary, intracellular signaling pathways involve a complex network of interacting proteins that relay signals from the plasma membrane to various cellular compartments, ultimately regulating gene expression, metabolism, and other cellular processes. Dysregulation of these pathways can contribute to disease development and progression, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.

A learning disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to acquire, process, and use information in one or more academic areas despite normal intelligence and adequate instruction. It can manifest as difficulties with reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), mathematics (dyscalculia), or other academic skills. Learning disorders are not the result of low intelligence, lack of motivation, or environmental factors alone, but rather reflect a significant discrepancy between an individual's cognitive abilities and their academic achievement. They can significantly impact a person's ability to perform in school, at work, and in daily life, making it important to diagnose and manage these disorders effectively.

Nuclear proteins are a category of proteins that are primarily found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. They play crucial roles in various nuclear functions, such as DNA replication, transcription, repair, and RNA processing. This group includes structural proteins like lamins, which form the nuclear lamina, and regulatory proteins, such as histones and transcription factors, that are involved in gene expression. Nuclear localization signals (NLS) often help target these proteins to the nucleus by interacting with importin proteins during active transport across the nuclear membrane.

A chromosome deletion is a type of genetic abnormality that occurs when a portion of a chromosome is missing or deleted. Chromosomes are thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells that contain our genetic material, which is organized into genes.

Chromosome deletions can occur spontaneously during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or can be inherited from a parent. They can affect any chromosome and can vary in size, from a small segment to a large portion of the chromosome.

The severity of the symptoms associated with a chromosome deletion depends on the size and location of the deleted segment. In some cases, the deletion may be so small that it does not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, larger deletions can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, physical abnormalities, and various medical conditions.

Chromosome deletions are typically detected through a genetic test called karyotyping, which involves analyzing the number and structure of an individual's chromosomes. Other more precise tests, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific location and size of the deletion.

I must clarify that the term "pedigree" is not typically used in medical definitions. Instead, it is often employed in genetics and breeding, where it refers to the recorded ancestry of an individual or a family, tracing the inheritance of specific traits or diseases. In human genetics, a pedigree can help illustrate the pattern of genetic inheritance in families over multiple generations. However, it is not a medical term with a specific clinical definition.

A phenotype is the physical or biochemical expression of an organism's genes, or the observable traits and characteristics resulting from the interaction of its genetic constitution (genotype) with environmental factors. These characteristics can include appearance, development, behavior, and resistance to disease, among others. Phenotypes can vary widely, even among individuals with identical genotypes, due to differences in environmental influences, gene expression, and genetic interactions.

Gene deletion is a type of mutation where a segment of DNA, containing one or more genes, is permanently lost or removed from a chromosome. This can occur due to various genetic mechanisms such as homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, or other types of genomic rearrangements.

The deletion of a gene can have varying effects on the organism, depending on the function of the deleted gene and its importance for normal physiological processes. If the deleted gene is essential for survival, the deletion may result in embryonic lethality or developmental abnormalities. However, if the gene is non-essential or has redundant functions, the deletion may not have any noticeable effects on the organism's phenotype.

Gene deletions can also be used as a tool in genetic research to study the function of specific genes and their role in various biological processes. For example, researchers may use gene deletion techniques to create genetically modified animal models to investigate the impact of gene deletion on disease progression or development.

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses. They may have various effects on the organism, ranging from benign to harmful, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. In some cases, mutations can increase an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders, while in others, they may confer a survival advantage. Mutations are the driving force behind evolution, as they introduce new genetic variability into populations, which can then be acted upon by natural selection.

A sequence deletion in a genetic context refers to the removal or absence of one or more nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA or RNA) from a specific region in a DNA or RNA molecule. This type of mutation can lead to the loss of genetic information, potentially resulting in changes in the function or expression of a gene. If the deletion involves a critical portion of the gene, it can cause diseases, depending on the role of that gene in the body. The size of the deleted sequence can vary, ranging from a single nucleotide to a large segment of DNA.

Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) are a group of psychiatric conditions characterized by the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to oneself or others. This leads to negative consequences such as distress, anxiety, or disruption in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) recognizes several specific ICDs, including:

1. Kleptomania - the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items, even though they are not needed for personal use or financial gain.
2. Pyromania - the deliberate and purposeful fire-setting on more than one occasion.
3. Intermittent Explosive Disorder - recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses, resulting in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property.
4. Pathological Gambling - persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, or vocational pursuits.
5. Internet Gaming Disorder - the excessive and prolonged use of the internet for gaming, which leads to clinically significant impairment or distress.

These disorders are typically associated with a range of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that can vary depending on the specific disorder and individual presentation. Treatment often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and self-help strategies to manage symptoms and improve overall functioning.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by symptoms including:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on a single task
2. Impulsivity, or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, or excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or talking

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD with hyperactivity, an individual must exhibit these symptoms to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate and interferes with their daily functioning. Additionally, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be present in multiple settings (e.g., at home, school, work).

It's important to note that ADHD can manifest differently in different people, and some individuals may experience predominantly inattentive or impulsive symptoms rather than hyperactive ones. However, when the hyperactive component is prominent, it is referred to as ADHD with hyperactivity.

Effective treatments for ADHD with hyperactivity include a combination of medication (such as stimulants) and behavioral therapy. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by the repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables, or words, as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks during fluent speech. These disruptions in the normal flow of speech can lead to varying degrees of difficulty in communicating effectively and efficiently. It's important to note that stuttering is not a result of emotional or psychological issues but rather a neurological disorder involving speech motor control systems. The exact cause of stuttering remains unclear, although research suggests it may involve genetic, neurophysiological, and environmental factors. Treatment typically includes various forms of speech therapy to improve fluency and communication strategies to manage the challenges associated with stuttering.

There is no standard course of treatment for Sotos syndrome.[citation needed] Sotos syndrome is not a life-threatening disorder ... and the other features of Sotos syndrome.[citation needed] About 95 percent of Sotos syndrome cases occur by spontaneous ... Media related to Sotos syndrome at Wikimedia Commons sotos at NIH/UW GeneTests (Articles with short description, Short ... Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Perlman syndrome Proteus syndrome Gigantism "Exploring Autism". www.exploringautism.org. Archived ...
Studies have shown showing similarities between Nevo syndrome with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome as well as Sotos syndrome. There is ... December 2005). "Nevo syndrome with an NSD1 deletion: A variant of Sotos syndrome?" 140A (1) 70-73. Dumic, M, Vukelic D, ... Nevo syndrome is an example of one of about twelve overgrowth syndromes known today. Overgrowth syndromes are characterized ... Sotos syndrome". 15 (3) 264-271. Al-Gazali L, Bakalinova D, Varady E, et al. (1997). "Further delineation of Nevo syndrome". 34 ...
"NSD1 mutations are the major cause of Sotos syndrome and occur in some cases of Weaver syndrome but are rare in other ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Sotos Syndrome NSD1 protein, human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... coregulator protein that encodes Histone Methyltransferase and is associated with Sotos syndrome and Weaver syndrome. GRCh38: ... "Haploinsufficiency of NSD1 causes Sotos syndrome". Nat. Genet. 30 (4): 365-6. doi:10.1038/ng863. PMID 11896389. S2CID 205357840 ...
... including Sotos syndrome (2002), Marfan syndrome type II (2004), Ohtahara syndrome (2008), West syndrome (2010), Microphthalmia ... "Haploinsufficiency of NSD1 causes Sotos syndrome". Nature Genetics. 30 (4): 365-6. doi:10.1038/ng863. PMID 11896389. S2CID ... 2012). "Mutations affecting components of the SWI/SNF complex cause Coffin-Siris syndrome". Nature Genetics. 44 (4): 376-8. doi ... and Coffin-Siris syndrome (2012). Matsumoto has been the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Journal of Human Genetics ...
Crouzon syndrome, Sotos syndrome, CMFTD and Marfan syndrome. However, it also occurs non-pathologically as a result of normal ... Park SW, Park MS, Hwang JS, Shin YS, Yoon SH (2006). "A case of Sotos syndrome with subduroperitoneal shunt". Pediatr Neurosurg ... Dolichocephaly can sometimes be a symptom of Sensenbrenner syndrome, ...
... will cause Hunter syndrome. More examples include Angelman syndrome and Sotos syndrome. However, recent research shows that one ... "Inversion of the IDS gene resulting from recombination with IDS-related sequences in a common cause of the Hunter syndrome". ... Including Duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams Syndrome Region, Are Strongly Associated with Autism". Neuron. 70 (5): 863-885. ...
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Perlman syndrome Sotos syndrome CRAWFORD, MARK W., and DENISE ROHAN. "The Upper Airway In Weaver ... Weaver syndrome and Sotos syndrome are often mistaken for one another due to their significant phenotypic overlap and ... 2003). "NSD1 mutations are the major cause of Sotos syndrome and occur in some cases of Weaver syndrome but are rare in other ... NSD1 Mutations Are the Major Cause of Sotos Syndrome and Occur in Some Cases of Weaver Syndrome but Are Rare in Other ...
Sotos syndrome has a large relatedness to many other disease these being; overgrowth syndrome, Sotos syndrome 2, normokalemic ... Sotos Syndrome is globally known as a genetic disease, rare disease and in some cases fetal disease. ... "Sotos Syndrome 1 disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials". www.malacards.org. Retrieved 2023-04- ... ZBED1 is associated with two diseases those being fibrosclerosis of breast and Sotos Syndrome. Fibrosclerosis of Breast being ...
"RNF135 mutations are not present in patients with Sotos syndrome-like features". Am. J. Med. Genet. A. 149A (4): 806-8. doi: ...
February 2009). "RNF135 mutations are not present in patients with Sotos syndrome-like features". American Journal of Medical ...
Genetic disorders of overgrowth (e.g. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Sotos syndrome, Perlman syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel ... "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome". Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2020-07-30. Vora N, Bianchi DW (October 2009). "Genetic ... syndrome) are often characterized by macrosomia. Gestational age: pregnancies that go beyond 40 weeks increase incidence of an ... considerations in the prenatal diagnosis of overgrowth syndromes". Prenatal Diagnosis. 29 (10): 923-9. doi:10.1002/pd.2319. PMC ...
Sotos syndrome and Weaver syndrome. Perlman syndrome is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of less than 1 in 1,000,000 ... Rare syndromes, Syndromes affecting head size, Syndromes with craniofacial abnormalities, Syndromes with tumors). ... Perlman syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder grouped with overgrowth syndrome in which an abnormal increase is often noted ... Perlman syndrome shares clinical overlaps with other overgrowth disorders, with similarities to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and ...
... , Sotos syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome". Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and ... Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome ... SGBS is similar to another overgrowth syndrome called Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. SGBS Cells are a unique tool to study the ... The syndrome is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Females that possess one copy of the mutation are considered to be ...
... may be significantly advanced in genetic overgrowth syndromes, such as Sotos syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and ... Manor, Joshua; Lalani, Seema R. (30 October 2020). "Overgrowth Syndromes-Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Management". Frontiers in ... Marshall-Smith syndrome. Bone maturation is delayed with the variation of normal development termed constitutional delay of ...
Behmel syndrome Sotos syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome Weaver syndrome Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome 3C syndrome Glutaric ... overgrowth syndromes such as Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism), Weaver syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (bulldog ... Joubert syndrome Keipert syndrome Legius syndrome LEOPARD syndrome Lethal congenital contracture syndrome MASA syndrome ... syndrome; neurocardiofacial-cutaneous syndromes such as Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, Gorlin syndrome, (also known as ...
Vasquez, Silvia B.; Hurst, Daniel L.; Sotos, Juan F. (January 1979). "X-linked hypogonadism, gynecomastia, mental retardation, ... Prader-Willi syndrome Fragile X syndrome Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome Bardet-Biedl syndrome Harakalova, Magdalena; ... However, there is some speculation that this syndrome is in the same spectrum as the Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The most ... Eventually, this disorder was ruled distinct from a syndrome presented by Prader and Willi (Prader-Willi syndrome) because of ...
... syndrome Parkes Weber syndrome Sotos syndrome Hemangiomas Many sources classify Proteus syndrome to be a type of nevus syndrome ... a syndrome caused by a PIK3CA gene mutation.[citation needed] Epidermal nevus syndrome Mosaic (genetics) Overgrowth syndrome ... Proteus syndrome causes an overgrowth of skin, bones, muscles, fatty tissues, and blood and lymphatic vessels. Proteus syndrome ... However, the diagnosis of Proteus syndrome in this patient has been questioned by others. The Proteus syndrome research team in ...
... delay and growth abnormalities as well as features found in other neurodevelopmental disorders such as Sotos Syndrome and ... Little is known about the exact mutations on Tet3 that cause Beck-Fahrner syndrome and their inheritance patterns. However, the ... greatly affect the TET3 protein and lead to a class of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans known as Beck-Fahrner syndrome. ...
... is not to be confused with: Marshall syndrome Sotos (like) syndrome (Malan syndrome) Weaver-Smith ... Syndromes with intellectual disability, Syndromes affecting bones, Rare syndromes). ... syndrome (WSS)[citation needed] English: Marshall-Smith syndrome Español: Síndrome de Marshall-Smith Français: Le syndrome de ... Smyth RL, Gould JD, Baraitser M (Nov 1989). "A case of Marshall-Smith or Weaver syndrome". J R Soc Med. 82 (11): 682-3. doi: ...
... syndrome Benjamin syndrome Bladder exstrophy Bloom syndrome Brachydactyly Cat eye syndrome Caudal regression syndrome Sotos ... syndrome Jacobsen syndrome Katz syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Kabuki syndrome Kyphosis Larsen syndrome Laurence-Moon syndrome ... syndrome Proteus syndrome Prune belly syndrome Radial aplasia Rett syndrome Robinow syndrome Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Saethre- ... Triple-X syndrome Trisomy 13 Trisomy 9 Turner syndrome Umbilical hernia Usher syndrome Waardenburg syndrome Werner syndrome ...
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome Hallermann-Streiff syndrome Pierre Robin syndrome Sotos syndrome No intervention is usually ... "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome". MedlinePlus : U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 7 April 2013. Martinez, CR (March 1978 ...
Island gigantism List of tallest people Local gigantism Marfan syndrome Megafauna Nephilim Overgrowth syndrome Sotos syndrome " ... "Brief overview of overgrowth syndromes in childhood" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2004. Retrieved 30 ... McCune-Albright syndrome, Carney complex, familial isolated pituitary adenoma, X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG). Although various ...
Deceased Giant Gigantism Giant human skeletons Goliath Human height Sotos syndrome List of tallest players in National ...
Fragile X syndrome, Heyn-Sproule-Jackson syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Luscan-Lumish syndrome, Malan syndrome, Sotos syndrome, ... Syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract, Syndromes affecting head size, Syndromes affecting the cardiovascular system). ... Syndromes affecting the eye, Syndromes affecting joints, Disorders causing seizures, Syndromes with intellectual disability, ... "What is Beck-Fahrner Syndrome? (BEFAHRS)". Beck-Fahrner Syndrome Foundation. 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2023-07-22. Doherty, Megan ( ...
... hip syndrome Snapping scapula syndrome Sneddon's syndrome Solipsism syndrome somatostatinoma syndrome Sopite syndrome Sotos ... syndrome Wende-Bauckus syndrome Werner syndrome Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome West syndrome Westerhof syndrome Wet lung syndrome ... syndrome Shone's syndrome Short anagen syndrome Short bowel syndrome short limb syndrome Short man syndrome Short QT syndrome ... syndrome Radial tunnel syndrome Rage syndrome Raghib syndrome Raine syndrome Ramos-Arroyo syndrome Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 ...
Proteus syndrome Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome Sotos syndrome Sturge-Weber syndrome Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (DNMT3A) ... Examples of overgrowth syndromes include:[citation needed] Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome CLOVES syndrome Fragile X syndrome ... Nevertheless, the musculoskeletal features are central to the diagnosis of some syndromes such as Proteus syndrome. The time of ... Children with some overgrowth syndromes such as Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome can be readily detectable at birth. In contrast, ...
TIMP3 Sotos syndrome; 117550; NSD1 Spastic ataxia, Charlevoix-Saguenay type; 270550; SACS Spastic paralysis, infantile onset ... AKAP9 Long QT syndrome-3; 603830; SCN5A Long QT syndrome-4; 600919; ANK2 Long QT syndrome-7; 170390; KCNJ2 Long QT syndrome-9; ... TGFBR2 Long QT syndrome 12; 612955; SNT1 Long QT syndrome 13; 613485; KCNJ5 Long QT syndrome-1; 192500; KCNQ1 Long QT syndrome- ... KRAS Noonan syndrome 4; 610733; SOS1 Noonan syndrome 5; 611553; RAF1 Noonan syndrome 6; 613224; NRAS Noonan-like syndrome with ...
A variety of eponyms have been proposed for MEN 2B, such as Williams-Pollock syndrome, Gorlin-Vickers syndrome, and Wagenmann- ... John Sotos proposed that President Abraham Lincoln had MEN2B. This theory suggests Lincoln had all the major features of the ... mucosal neuroma syndrome, Wagenmann-Froboese syndrome)". J. Med. Genet. 33 (9): 779-82. doi:10.1136/jmg.33.9.779. PMC 1050735. ... It was first described by Wagenmann in 1922, and was first recognized as a syndrome in 1965-1966 by E.D. Williams and D.J. ...
Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraph 3589. Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraph 3582. Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraphs 2001-2007. Sotos, " ... Abraham Gordon proposed in 1962 that Lincoln had Marfan syndrome. Testing Lincoln's DNA for Marfan syndrome was contemplated in ... Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraph 478. Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraph 363. Sotos, "Sourcebook", paragraph 368. Sotos, "Sourcebook ... Sotos, "The Physical Lincoln". Sotos JG (2012). "Abraham Lincoln's marfanoid mother: the earliest known case of multiple ...
... syndrome Shingles Shy-Drager syndrome Sjögren's syndrome Sleep apnea Sleeping sickness Slurred speech Snatiation Sotos syndrome ... 15 Joubert syndrome Karak syndrome Kearns-Sayre syndrome Kinsbourne syndrome Kleine-Levin syndrome Klippel Feil syndrome Krabbe ... Febrile seizures Fisher syndrome Fibromyalgia Foville's syndrome Fragile X syndrome Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome ... syndrome Rhythmic movement disorder Romberg syndrome Savant syndrome Saint Vitus dance Sandhoff disease Sanfilippo syndrome ...
There is no standard course of treatment for Sotos syndrome.[citation needed] Sotos syndrome is not a life-threatening disorder ... and the other features of Sotos syndrome.[citation needed] About 95 percent of Sotos syndrome cases occur by spontaneous ... Media related to Sotos syndrome at Wikimedia Commons sotos at NIH/UW GeneTests (Articles with short description, Short ... Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Perlman syndrome Proteus syndrome Gigantism "Exploring Autism". www.exploringautism.org. Archived ...
Dysmorphism, variable overgrowth, normal bone age, and severe developmental delay: a "Sotos-like" syndrome? ...
... was made of 22 children with Sotos syndrome. In addition to the known characteristics of the syndrome, thin and brittle nails ... was made of 22 children with Sotos syndrome. In addition to the known characteristics of the syndrome, thin and brittle nails ... Cerebral gigantism (Sotos syndrome). Compiled data of 22 cases. Analysis of clinical features, growth and plasma somatomedin ...
As part of Sotos Syndrome Awareness Day, we are launching our new What is Sotos Syndrome? infographic. Read or download our ... Find out more about Sotos Syndrome at www.childgrowthfoundation.org/conditions/sotos-syndrome. If youd like to speak to our ... Today, 6 September, marks this years Sotos Syndrome Awareness Day.. An important day in our annual calendar to raise awareness ... Sotos Syndrome is a variable condition - different people can be affected in different ways, and to different degrees. Common ...
Organized in 1988, the Sotos syndrome Support Association (SSSA) is made up of families, physicians, genetic counselors, and ...
Find the support you need at the Sotos Syndrome Support Association. ... Sotos Syndrome Support Association (SSSA). Organized in 1988, the Sotos syndrome Support Association (SSSA) is made up of ... Our Mission is to provide a social support environment for professionals and families of individuals affected by Sotos syndrome ... Organized in 1988, the Sotos syndrome Support Association (SSSA) is made up of families, physicians, genetic counselors, and ...
"Sotos Syndrome" by people in this website by year, and whether "Sotos Syndrome" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Sotos Syndrome" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Sotos Syndrome" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Sotos Syndrome". ...
What is Sotos Syndrome?. Sotos syndrome is a sporadically occurring, rare malformation syndrome. Accelerated growth with a ... The differential diagnoses of Sotos syndrome such as Weaver syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Simpson- ... Sotos syndrome is also known as cerebral gigantism.. Causes. In the majority of cases, the cause of Sotos syndrome is a point ... Sotos syndrome was first identified in 1964 by American endocrinologist Dr. Juan F. Sotos described. Using the example of five ...
What is Sotos Syndrome?. Sotos syndrome is a genetic condition causing physical overgrowth during the first years of life. ... The Sotos Syndrome Australasia (Inc.) is a non-profit organisation that provides advocacy for Sotos Syndrome in Australasia. ... Would you like to be involved with Sotos Syndrome Australasia? Become a member and help raise funds and awareness to support ... Children with Sotos syndrome are often taller, heavier, and have larger heads than their peers. ...
... for Children with Diabetes Glucose Monitoring Adrenal Insufficiency Turner Syndrome Late Adolescence Klinefelter Syndrome ... in Growth Plate Chondrogenesis Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome LHX4 Gene Alterations Stunted Growth 45,X/46,XY Gonadal ...
... also termed Martin-Bell syndrome or marker X syndrome, is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation, intellectual ... encoded search term (Fragile X Syndrome) and Fragile X Syndrome What to Read Next on Medscape ... The fragile X syndrome: no evidence for any recent mutations. J Med Genet. 1993 Feb. 30(2):94-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full ... Fragile X Syndrome Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Aug 15, 2022 * Author: Jennifer A Jewell, MD, MS; Chief Editor: Maria ...
Novel mutation in NSD1 gene found to be associated with Sotos syndrome. Oct. 10, 2017 ... Home » Novel mutation in NSD1 gene found to be associated with Sotos syndrome ...
... syndromes are a group of hereditary disorders caused by alterations in a gene known as WT1. ... Sotos syndrome. *Fanconi anemia syndrome. *Blooms syndrome. *Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. *Perlman syndrome ... A look at each syndrome. WAGR syndrome. Individuals with the WAGR syndrome are missing one working copy of the WT1 gene. They ... Frasier syndrome (FS). People with Frasier syndrome may develop the following clinical features:. *Wilms tumor is not usually ...
Other syndromes - Fragile X syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Sotos syndrome. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) ... Neurocutaneous disroders - Tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-weber syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Gorlin syndrome. *Autism spectrum ... It can also be a feature of various congenital syndromes and is then referred to as syndromic macrocephaly. The pathogenesis is ... Macrocephaly syndromes. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007 Sep. 14 (3):128-35. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Van der Woude syndrome + Van Maldergem syndrome + Vasquez Hurst Sotos Syndrome Velofacioskeletal Syndrome ... urofacial syndrome + A syndrome that is characterized by inverted facial expressions in association with a severe and early- ... Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia with Associated Features suggesting Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Meckel Syndrome ... urofacial syndrome (DOID:0050816). Annotations: Rat: (2) Mouse: (2) Human: (2) Chinchilla: (2) Bonobo: (2) Dog: (2) Squirrel: ( ...
3q29 duplication syndrome (OMIM 611936). Sotos syndrome. (5q35 deletion). 1.9 Mb. ISCA-37425. GRCh38/hg38 chr5: 176,301,976- ... 7q11.23 duplication syndrome ELN GTF2I 10q22.3-q23.2 deletion syndrome (OMIM 612242). 7 Mb. ISCA-37424. GRCh38/hg38 chr10: ... 16p11.2 duplication syndrome (OMIM 614671). 593 kb. Unknown. 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 220-kb (OMIM 613444). 220 kb. ISCA- ... 17q11.2 duplication syndrome (OMIM 613675). 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome 1.4 Mb. ISCA-37432. GRCh38/hg38 chr17: 36,458,167 ...
SOTOS SYNDROME. B-Lymphocyte. White. 7 YR. Male. Yes. 2499. GM19978. SOTOS SYNDROME. B-Lymphocyte. White. 16 YR. Male. Yes. ... SOTOS SYNDROME. B-Lymphocyte. White. 24 YR. Female. No. 2499. GM19976. SOTOS SYNDROME. B-Lymphocyte. White. 48 YR. Female. No. ...
Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome. *Hallerman-Streiff syndrome. *Pierre-Robin sequence. *Sotos syndrome. *Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch ... Natal molars, in particular, have been linked to Pfieffer syndrome (a genetic disorder) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (a ...
Dornase alpha inhalations as a treatment option for recurrent lower respiratory tract infections in a child with Sotos syndrome ...
Sotos syndrome AD. ,3%. Overgrowth, macrocephaly, DD/ID, leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, teratoma, & other cancer types. ... Common Genes, Loci, and Syndromes Associated with Wilms Tumor Predisposition. Table 1. More Common Genes, Loci, and Syndromes ... Review Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 1.[GeneReviews(®). 1993]. Review Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 1.. Sajorda BJ ... Li-Fraumeni syndrome, DICER1 syndrome, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency [Durno et al 2021]) should undergo ...
What is the frequency of Sotos syndrome in children with global developmental delay?. Share this article: Report broken link ... and global developmental delay should have a bone age measured in order to determine if the child has Sotos syndrome. ...
Prader-Willi / Angelman syndrome (15q12) *Smith-Magenis syndrome (17p11.2) *Sotos syndrome (5q35) ...
Brown was diagnosed with a genetic disorder, Sotos Syndrome, when he was 5 years old, Barcroft Media reported. Sotos Syndrome ...
Small cell lung carcinoma in a patient with Sotos syndrome: are genes at 3p21 involved in both conditions? (1 May, 1992) Free T ... Weaver syndrome. (1 May, 1992) Free T R Cole, N R Dennis, H E Hughes ... X linked alpha thalassaemia/mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome. (1 May, 1992) Free A E Chudley, R B Lowry ... The molecular genetics of Alport syndrome: report of two workshops. (1 May, 1992) Free F Flinter, M Bobrow ...
Differential diagnoses include Simpson-Golabi-Behmel, Costello, Perlman, and Sotos syndromes, and mucopolysaccharidosis type VI ... Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Disease definition Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by ...
19p13.13 deletion syndrome is a condition that results from a chromosomal change in which a small piece of chromosome 19 is ... Malan syndrome (Sotos syndrome 2) in two patients with 19p13.2 deletion encompassing NFIX gene and novel NFIX sequence variant ... 19p13.13 deletion syndrome is a condition that results from a chromosomal change in which a small piece of chromosome 19 is ... 19p13.13 deletion syndrome is typically not inherited but results from the deletion. of a chromosomal segment during the ...
Reye syndrome is sotos syndrome. The cariostatic mechanisms of health and chemical meningitis. ... Syndromes eg, russell-silver, noonan, bloom, and cockayne syndromes, and cyclic neutropenia and presence or absence of the ... Velocardiofacial syndrome deletion q syndrome also called classic heat stroke a. Prompt lowering of preload and cardiac output ... In this lateral chest x-ray may show the characteristic hand-wringing or gender distribution female in rett syndrome, seizures ...
Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity in Brazilian Patients with Sotos Syndrome. Molecular Syndromology. doi:10.1159/000370169 ... disease-modifying therapies for Rett syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. ... overgrowth syndromes and intellectual disability (ID) syndromes. Dr. Boccuto is currently an assistant research scientist at ... obtained from Christianson syndrome patients (an autism related syndrome) to further elucidate mechanisms underlying the ...
  • Mutations in the NSD1 gene cause Sotos syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the Japanese population, the most common genetic change leading to Sotos syndrome deletes genetic material from the region of chromosome 5 containing the NSD1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in the NSD1 protein and its HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY are associated with the syndrome. (childrensmercy.org)
  • In the majority of cases, the cause of Sotos syndrome is a point mutation in the NSD1 gene on chromosome 5. (medicinelearners.com)
  • To estimate the frequency of NSD1 defects in the Brazilian SoS population and possibly reveal other genes implicated in the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome, we collected a cohort of 21 Brazilian patients, who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SoS, and analyzed the NSD1 and PTEN genes by means of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and mutational screening analyses. (clemson.edu)
  • Although NSD1 disruption leads to another NDD called Sotos syndrome, no one really knew how NSD1 fits into the mCA picture. (epigenie.com)
  • However, it is now understood that Sotos syndrome is caused by a variety of molecular genetic alterations resulting in haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene at chromosome 5q35 and that Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is caused by heterogeneous abnormalities in the imprinting of a number of growth regulatory genes within chromosome 11p15 in the majority of cases. (e-apem.org)
  • Multiple genetic syndromes may also cause HI, including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Kabuki syndrome, Turner syndrome, Sotos syndrome, congenital disorders of glycosylation (types 1a and 1t) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. (chop.edu)
  • Congenital or postnatal overgrowth syndrome most often in height and occipitofrontal circumference with variable delayed motor and cognitive development. (childrensmercy.org)
  • It can also be a feature of various congenital syndromes and is then referred to as syndromic macrocephaly. (medscape.com)
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth, tumor predisposition and congenital malformations. (orpha.net)
  • Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a multiple anomaly, congenital disorder characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features and variable degree of intellectual disability. (clemson.edu)
  • To avoid confusion in the terminology, we propose to name this type of hypertrichosis Ambras syndrome in reference to the first documented family with congenital hypertrichosis universalis in the 16th century. (symptoma.com)
  • A small number of patients with Sotos syndrome have developed cancer, most often in childhood, but no single form of cancer has been associated with this condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among various conditions showing overgrowth, genetic overgrowth syndrome refers to a nonhormonally mediated overgrowth condition which can accompany increased height and/or head circumference, various degrees of mental retardation, or physical dysmorphisms in children 1) . (e-apem.org)
  • Sotos syndrome (SS, OMIM#117550), also known as cerebral gigantism, is a prenatal and postnatal overgrowth syndrome characterized by excessive growth resulting in tall stature and macrocephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, and developmental delay. (e-apem.org)
  • The traits define a unique condition that the researchers call 'CHD8 overgrowth syndrome. (spectrumnews.org)
  • The researchers have so far noted the effects of CHD8 overgrowth syndrome on only the skeletal system, though Graham says head circumference usually tracks with brain size. (spectrumnews.org)
  • These are designed by a laboratory to include genes commonly associated with a broad phenotype (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ataxia, intellectual disability) or a recognizable syndrome with genetic heterogeneity (e.g. (nih.gov)
  • Small cell lung carcinoma in a patient with Sotos syndrome: are genes at 3p21 involved in both conditions? (bmj.com)
  • The signs and symptoms of 19p13.13 deletion syndrome result from the loss of multiple genes in the deleted region. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recently, mutations and possible pathogenetic rare CNVs, both affecting a few candidate genes for overgrowth, have been reported in patients with Sotos-like overgrowth features. (clemson.edu)
  • Although the exact functions of the causing genes have not yet been completely understood, these overgrowth syndromes can be good models to clarify the complex basis of human growth and help to develop better-directed therapies in the future. (e-apem.org)
  • Other signs and symptoms that can occur with 19p13.13 deletion syndrome include seizures, abnormalities of brain structure, and mild differences in facial features (such as a prominent forehead ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The differential diagnoses of Sotos syndrome such as Weaver syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome or deletion 22qter syndrome should be ruled out. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Differential diagnoses include Simpson-Golabi-Behmel, Costello, Perlman, and Sotos syndromes, and mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (see these terms). (orpha.net)
  • Regarding differential diagnoses to outline conditions that are not overgrowth syndromes by strict definition, Table 2 presents syndromes associated with macrosomia at birth that later usually progress to normal growth parameters or failure to thrive . (symptoma.mt)
  • It is similar to Weaver syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Weaver syndrome. (bmj.com)
  • Weaver syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder that presents with a range of musculoskeletal, cutaneous, cognitive, and facial symptoms. (symptoma.mt)
  • Poor coordination , owing to the extreme laxity of ligaments, and very loose skin are additional findings in patients suffering from Weaver syndrome [4]. (symptoma.mt)
  • Their findings, published in Nature in September 2019, could help identify targets in the development of precision drugs designed to treat head and neck cancers, as well as genetic diseases such as Sotos and Tatton Brown-Rahamn Syndromes. (muhc.ca)
  • Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive physical growth during the first years of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sotos syndrome is characterized by excessive growth in childhood. (medicinelearners.com)
  • This paper reviews clinical characteristics and molecular basis of typical genetic overgrowth syndromes, focusing on Sotos syndrome (OMIM#117550) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (OMIM#130650). (e-apem.org)
  • These symptoms are very typical and make you think about the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome at an early stage. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Even the characteristic symptoms of accelerated body growth allow the doctor to quickly make the suspected diagnosis of Sotos syndrome. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Lachiewicz AM, Dawson DV, Spiridigliozzi GA. Physical characteristics of young boys with fragile X syndrome: reasons for difficulties in making a diagnosis in young males. (medscape.com)
  • Bailey DB Jr, Raspa M, Bishop E, Holiday D. No change in the age of diagnosis for fragile x syndrome: findings from a national parent survey. (medscape.com)
  • However, there are overlaps in clinical and molecular features between overgrowth syndromes, thus making a specific diagnosis is often difficult. (e-apem.org)
  • The signs and symptoms of 19p13.13 deletion syndrome vary among affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The WT1 -related Wilms tumor (WT) syndromes are a group of hereditary disorders caused by alterations in a gene known as WT1 . (chop.edu)
  • In addition to the WT1 -related Wilms tumor syndromes, there are a number of other genetic conditions associated with the development of WT. (chop.edu)
  • WT1 -related Wilms tumor syndromes are caused by alterations, or "mutations," at a specific area in an individual's genetic information. (chop.edu)
  • Clinical features of Wilms tumor predisposition syndromes (See Table 1 and Table 2 . (nih.gov)
  • Noonan syndrome). (nih.gov)
  • Syndromes eg, russell-silver, noonan, bloom, and cockayne syndromes, and cyclic neutropenia and presence or absence of the graft is possible that even while on therapy or an oral agent can be mistaken for asthma and copd. (elastizell.com)
  • citation needed] About 95 percent of Sotos syndrome cases occur by spontaneous mutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mutation in a ganglioside biosynthetic enzyme, ST3GAL5, results in salt & pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous disorder with altered glycolipid and glycoprotein glycosylation. (sc.edu)
  • Although most cases of Sotos syndrome occur sporadically, familial cases have also been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sotos syndrome is a sporadically occurring, rare malformation syndrome. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Individuals with Sotos syndrome often have intellectual impairment, and most also display autistic traits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Boccuto is a clinical geneticist who trained for several years under Professor Neri in Rome with a focus on hereditary cancer, overgrowth syndromes and intellectual disability (ID) syndromes. (sc.edu)
  • Disrupting either DNMT3A or MeCP2 can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) , such as Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS). (epigenie.com)
  • SETD2 and DNMT3A screen in the Sotos-like syndrome French cohort. (bvsalud.org)
  • He is also characterizing the metabolic profiles of cells from patients with autism, ID, and overgrowth, as well as mental disorders such as schizophrenia, ADD/ADHD, and Tourette syndrome. (sc.edu)
  • The study appeared in the American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics as part of a special issue on overgrowth syndromes, including the autism-related Sotos syndrome . (spectrumnews.org)
  • Organized in 1988, the Sotos syndrome Support Association (SSSA) is made up of families, physicians, genetic counselors, and health care agencies throughout the United States and the world. (sotossyndrome.org)
  • The volunteers that created the SSSA and continue to run the organization have always been family and friends of individuals effected by Sotos or similar syndromes. (sotossyndrome.org)
  • Bone marrow failure syndrome-2 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by trilineage bone marrow failure, learning disabilities, and microcephaly. (nih.gov)
  • Of the 49 babies with multiple malformations, 21 (42.8%) had recog- nized syndromes, most of which were autosomal recessive and 17 had chromosomal aberrations. (who.int)
  • The fragile X syndrome: no evidence for any recent mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Our Mission is to provide a social support environment for professionals and families of individuals affected by Sotos syndrome so they can meet, exchange ideas and help one another cope with the condition. (sotossyndrome.org)
  • The Association aims to connect and provide support for families, carers and individuals affected by Sotos Syndrome, while endeavouring to increase awareness, understanding and acceptance of Sotos Syndrome within the medical community, education sector and general community. (sotos.org.au)
  • Individuals with the WAGR syndrome are missing one working copy of the WT1 gene. (chop.edu)
  • Sotos Syndrome affects one in every 15,000 individuals. (fox26houston.com)
  • Sotos syndrome was first identified in 1964 by American endocrinologist Dr. Juan F. Sotos described. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Opposite epigenetic alterations in 11p15 result in opposite clinical features shown in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Russell-Silver syndrome. (e-apem.org)
  • These inherited cases enabled researchers to determine that Sotos syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
  • This syndrome is characterized by overgrowth and advanced bone age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dysmorphism, variable overgrowth, normal bone age, and severe developmental delay: a "Sotos-like" syndrome? (bmj.com)
  • An in depth study on growth, bone age, cranial CT scans and plasma somatomedin activity (SM-act) was made of 22 children with Sotos syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Due to the advanced bone age in Sotos syndrome, the onset of puberty is also premature. (medicinelearners.com)
  • In addition to the known characteristics of the syndrome, thin and brittle nails were found in three adolescent patients. (nih.gov)
  • 49,XXXXY syndrome: behavioural and developmental profiles. (bmj.com)
  • Follow this link to review classifications for Pancytopenia-developmental delay syndrome in Orphanet. (nih.gov)
  • Those are relatively nonspecific findings in and of themselves, but it's the combination that gives rise to a specific set of clinical features that we might call CHD8-related syndrome," Graham says. (spectrumnews.org)
  • citation needed] Sotos syndrome is not a life-threatening disorder and patients may have a normal life expectancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Natal molars, in particular, have been linked to Pfieffer syndrome (a genetic disorder) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (a white blood cell disorder). (thebump.com)
  • Brown was diagnosed with a genetic disorder, Sotos Syndrome, when he was 5 years old, Barcroft Media reported. (fox26houston.com)
  • He requires a wheelchair cannot speak has some hemiperisis (right-sided weakness) and was diagnosed with the genetic disorder Sotos Syndrome. (haliburtonecho.ca)
  • The molecular genetics of Alport syndrome: report of two workshops. (bmj.com)
  • De Smedt B, Swillen A, Verschaffel L, Ghesquiere P. Mathematical learning disabilities in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a review. (medscape.com)
  • Children with Sotos syndrome tend to be large at birth and are often taller, heavier, and have relatively large skulls (macrocephaly) than is normal for their age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Children with Sotos syndrome have very different intelligence quotients. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Due to the Sotos syndrome, the affected children suffer from a clearly delayed development. (medicinelearners.com)
  • Children with Sotos syndrome are often taller, heavier, and have larger heads than their peers. (sotos.org.au)
  • Murphy MM. A review of mathematical learning disabilities in children with fragile X syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Health supervision for children with fragile x syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Minocycline in Children and Adolescents with Fragile X Syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Turner syndrome: mechanisms and management. (nih.gov)
  • It is unclear how a reduced amount of this protein during development leads to learning disabilities, overgrowth, and the other features of Sotos syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overgrowth syndromes comprise a diverse group of conditions with unique clinical, behavioral and molecular genetic features. (e-apem.org)
  • Sotos Syndrome is a variable condition - different people can be affected in different ways, and to different degrees. (childgrowthfoundation.org)
  • Sotos syndrome is a genetic condition causing physical overgrowth during the first years of life. (sotos.org.au)
  • The condition can also be linked to Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia), pachyonychia congenita, and Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. (chkd.org)