Spinal diseases. Medical search. Definitions

'Spinal diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that affect the structural integrity, function, or health of the spinal column, including degenerative disorders, infections, inflammatory processes, traumatic injuries, neoplasms, and congenital abnormalities.

Spinal neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, and originate from cells within the spinal structure or spread to the spine from other parts of the body (metastatic).

Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.

The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.

Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.

Narrowing of the spinal canal.

Operative immobilization or ankylosis of two or more vertebrae by fusion of the vertebral bodies with a short bone graft or often with diskectomy or laminectomy. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed, p236; Dorland, 28th ed)

Spinal epidural abscess associated with epidural catheterization: report of a case and a review of the literature. (1/1040)

We describe a 53-year-old man who developed a catheter-related epidural abscess 8 days after left upper lobectomy for lung cancer. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in a culture of the epidural pus. Magnetic resonance imaging was essential for the diagnosis of epidural abscess and for determining the extent of spread. The patient was treated by laminectomy and administration of appropriate antibiotics, with almost complete recovery, except for urinary retention. A literature search yielded 29 additional cases of catheter-related epidural abscess. The median duration of catheterization was 4 days and the median time to onset of the clinical symptoms after catheter placement was 8 days. Eleven of the 30 patients had some underlying disorders, including malignancy or herpes zoster, or were receiving steroids. Nine of the 10 patients with thoracic epidural abscess had persistent neurological deficits, whereas 12 of the 15 patients with lumbar epidural abscess showed a full recovery after treatment. Surgical decompression was not required in six patients without significant neurological deficits, who recovered following antibiotic treatment (four patients) or percutaneous drainage (two patients). Thoracic catheters are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of epidural abscess and persistent neurological sequelae following treatment. (+info)

A five-year assessment of controlled trials of in-patient and out-patient treatment and of plaster-of-Paris jackets for tuberculosis of the spine in children on standard chemotherapy. Studies in Masan and Pusan, Korea. Fifth report of the Medical Research Council Working Party on tuberculosis of the spine. (2/1040)

In two centres in Korea 350 patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis of the thoracic and/or lumbar spine were allocated at random: in Masan to in-patient rest in bed (IP) for six months followed by out-patient treatment or to ambulatory out-patient treatment (OP) from the start; in Pusan to out-patient treatment with a plaster-of-Paris jacket (J) for nine months or to ambulatory treatment without any support (No J). All patients recieved chemotherapy with PAS with isoniazid for eighteen months, either supplemented with streptomycin for the first three months (SPH) or without this supplement (PH), by random allocation. The main analysis of this report concerns 299 patients (eighty-three IP, eighty-three OP, sixty-three J, seventy No J; 143 SPH, 156 PH). Pre-treatment factors were similar in both centres except that the patients in Pusan had, on average, less extensive lesions although in a greater proportion the disease was radiographically active. One patient (J/SPH) died with active spinal disease and three (all No J/SPH) with paraplegia. A fifth patient (IP/PH) who died from cardio respiratory failure also had pulmonary tuberculosis. Twenty-three patients required operation and/or additional chemotherapy for the spinal lesion. A sinus or clinically evident abscess was either present initially or developed during treatment in 41 per cent of patients. Residual lesions persisted in ten patients (four IP, two OP, one J, three No J; six SPH, four PH) at five years. Thirty-two patients had paraparesis on admission or developing later. Complete resolution occurred in twenty on the allocated regimen and in eight after operation or additional chemotherapy or both. Of the remaining four atients, all of whom had operation and additional chemotherapy, three died and one still had paraparesis at five years. Of 295 patients assessed at five years 89 per cent had a favourable status. The proportions of the patients responding favourably were similar in the IP (91 per cent) and OP (89 per cent) series, in the J (90 per cent) and No J (84 per cent) series and in the SPH (86 per cent) and PH (92 per cent) series. (+info)

Extradural inflammation associated with annular tears: demonstration with gadolinium-enhanced lumbar spine MRI. (3/1040)

Annular tears are manifest on MRI as the high-intensity zone (HIZ) or as annular enhancement. Patients with annular tears may experience low back pain with radiation into the lower limb in the absence of nerve root compression. Inflammation of nerve roots from leak of degenerative nuclear material through full-thickness annular tears is a proposed mechanism for such leg pain. The aim of this study is to illustrate the appearance of extradural enhancement adjacent to annular tears in patients being investigated for low back pain with radiation into the lower limb(s). Sagittal T1- and T2-weighted spin echo and axial T1-weighted spin echo sequences were obtained in eight patients being investigated for low back and leg pain. In all patients, the T1-weighted sequences were repeated following intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). Annular tears were identified at 12 sites in eight patients. Extradural inflammation appeared as a region of intermediate signal intensity replacing the fat between the posterior disc margin and the theca, which enhanced following Gd-DTPA. The inflammatory change was always associated with an annular tear, and in four cases directly involved the nerve root. Enhancement of the nerve root was seen in two cases. The findings may be relevant in the diagnosis of chemical radiculopathy secondary to inflammation at the site of an annular leak from a degenerating disc. (+info)

Can autologous bone culture predict spinal fusion capacity? (4/1040)

The capacity of the individual patient to initiate osteoblast proliferation as a predictor for successful lumbar spinal fusion has not yet been reported. The objectives of this study were, first, to analyze the relationship between in vitro osteoblast proliferation and clinical bony fusion in the individual patient in order to predict the fusion outcome and, second, to measure the effect of preoperative tobacco smoking on osteoblast proliferation. Sixty-one patients (mean age 46 years) underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion in the period 1994-1995. Thirty-eight patients received CD pedicle screw implants and 23 received posterolateral fusions alone. During surgery, autogenous iliac bone was harvested and 1 g of trabecular bone without blood or bone marrow was then isolated for cell culturing. The cultures were classified as excellent (confluence within 4 weeks), good (confluence between 4 and 6 weeks) and poor (no or poor growth). Spine fusion was evaluated by two independent observers from plain anterior-posterior, lateral, and flexion/extension radiographs taken 1 year postoperatively, and the functional outcome was measured by the Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ). Twenty-three patients had excellent, 19 good, and 19 poor in vitro osteoblast proliferation. Bony fusion was obtained in 77% of patients: 83% in the CD instrumentation group and 70% in the non-instrumentation group (NS). There was no significant correlation between osteoblast proliferation and spinal fusion or functional outcomes when analyzing the CD instrumentation and non-instrumentation groups together or separately. Elderly patients had a significantly poorer osteoblast proliferation than younger patients (P < 0.008). Preoperative tobacco consumption had no discernible effect on osteoblast proliferation, and no correlation between smoking and fusion was found. Further refinement of autologous osteoblast culturing may provide a biological tool for selection of patients who require biological enhancement of their bone fusion capacity. The poorer osteoblast proliferation related to advanced age supports the important negative biological influence of age on bony fusion. However, with more sensitive testing and better discrimination, other results are possible - or can in any event not be excluded. (+info)

Pulmonary embolism caused by acrylic cement: a rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty. (5/1040)

A pulmonary embolus of acrylic cement was present in a 41-year-old woman with Langerhans' cell vertebral histiocytosis (LCH) after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Chest radiograph and CT confirmed pulmonary infarction and the presence of cement in the pulmonary arteries. She was treated with anticoagulants, and responded favorably. This rare complication occurred because perivertebral venous migration was not recognized during vertebroplasty. Adequate preparation of cement and biplane fluoroscopy are recommended for vertebroplasty. (+info)

Fungal spinal osteomyelitis in the immunocompromised patient: MR findings in three cases. (6/1040)

The MR imaging findings of fungal spinal osteomyelitis in three recipients of organ transplants showed hypointensity of the vertebral bodies on T1-weighted sequences in all cases. Signal changes and enhancement extended into the posterior elements in two cases. Multiple-level disease was present in two cases (with a total of five intervertebral disks involved in three cases). All cases lacked hyperintensity within the disks on T2-weighted images. In addition, the intranuclear cleft was preserved in four of five affected disks at initial MR imaging. MR features in Candida and Aspergillus spondylitis that are distinct from pyogenic osteomyelitis include absence of disk hyperintensity and preservation of the intranuclear cleft on T2-weighted images. Prompt recognition of these findings may avoid delay in establishing a diagnosis and instituting treatment of opportunistic osteomyelitis in the immunocompromised patient. (+info)

Segmental spinal dysgenesis: neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation. (7/1040)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD) is a rare congenital abnormality in which a segment of the spine and spinal cord fails to develop properly. Our goal was to investigate the neuroradiologic features of this condition in order to correlate our findings with the degree of residual spinal cord function, and to provide insight into the embryologic origin of this disorder. We also aimed to clarify the relationship between SSD and other entities, such as multiple vertebral segmentation defects, congenital vertebral displacement, and caudal regression syndrome (CRS). METHODS: The records of patients treated at our institutions for congenital spinal anomalies were reviewed, and 10 cases were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria for SSD. Plain radiographs were available for review in all cases. MR imaging was performed in eight patients, one of whom also underwent conventional myelography. Two other patients underwent only conventional myelography. RESULTS: Segmental vertebral anomalies involved the thoracolumbar, lumbar, or lumbosacral spine. The spinal cord at the level of the abnormality was thinned or even indiscernible, and a bulky, low-lying cord segment was present caudad to the focal abnormality in most cases. Closed spinal dysraphisms were associated in five cases, and partial sacrococcygeal agenesis in three. Renal anomalies were detected in four cases, and dextrocardia in one; all patients had a neurogenic bladder. CONCLUSION: SSD is an autonomous entity with characteristic clinical and neuroradiologic features; however, SSD and CRS probably represent two faces of a single spectrum of segmental malformations of the spine and spinal cord. The neuroradiologic picture depends on the severity of the malformation and on its segmental level along the longitudinal embryonic axis. The severity of the morphologic derangement correlates with residual spinal cord function and with severity of the clinical deficit. (+info)

Epidurography and therapeutic epidural injections: technical considerations and experience with 5334 cases. (8/1040)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Even in experienced hands, blind epidural steroid injections result in inaccurate needle placement in up to 30% of cases. The use of fluoroscopy and radiologic contrast material provides confirmation of accurate needle placement within the epidural space. We describe our technique and experience with contrast epidurography and therapeutic epidural steroid injections, and review the frequency of systemic and neurologic complications. METHODS: Epidural steroid injections were performed in 5489 consecutive outpatients over a period of 5 1/2 years by three procedural neuroradiologists. In 155 cases (2.8%), the injections were done without contrast material owing to either confirmed or suspected allergy. The remaining 5334 injections were performed after epidurography through the same needle. Patients and referring clinicians were instructed to contact us first regarding complications or any problem potentially related to the injection. In addition, the referring clinicians' offices were instructed to contact us regarding any conceivable procedure-related complications. RESULTS: Only 10 patients in the entire series required either oral (n = 5) or intravenous (n = 5) sedation. Four complications (0.07%) required either transport to an emergency room (n = 2) or hospitalization (n = 2). None of the complications required surgical intervention, and all were self-limited with regard to symptoms and imaging manifestations. Fluoroscopic needle placement and epidurography provided visual confirmation of accurate needle placement, distribution of the injectate, and depiction of epidural space disease. CONCLUSION: Epidurography in conjunction with epidural steroid injections provides for safe and accurate therapeutic injection and is associated with an exceedingly low frequency of untoward sequelae. It can be performed safely on an outpatient basis and does not require sedation or special monitoring. (+info)

Spinal diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the spinal column, which is made up of vertebrae (bones), intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerves, ligaments, and muscles. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or even paralysis, depending on the severity and location of the condition. Here are some examples of spinal diseases:

1. Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition where the intervertebral discs lose their elasticity and height, leading to stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
2. Herniated disc: This occurs when the inner material of the intervertebral disc bulges or herniates out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pressure on the spinal nerves and resulting in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area.
3. Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramen (the openings where the spinal nerves exit the spinal column), which can cause pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and result in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
4. Scoliosis: This is a curvature of the spine that can occur in children or adults, leading to an abnormal posture, back pain, and decreased lung function.
5. Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that affects the facet joints in the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility.
6. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and fusion of the vertebrae.
7. Spinal tumors: These are abnormal growths that can occur in the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, causing pain, neurological symptoms, or even paralysis.
8. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can affect the spine, leading to pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
9. Trauma: Fractures, dislocations, or sprains of the spine can occur due to accidents, falls, or sports injuries, causing pain, neurological deficits, or even paralysis.

Spinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors found within the spinal column, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumors can originate in the spine itself, called primary spinal neoplasms, or they can spread to the spine from other parts of the body, known as secondary or metastatic spinal neoplasms. Spinal neoplasms can cause various symptoms, such as back pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis, depending on their location and size. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize long-term complications and improve the patient's prognosis.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a physiological and biochemical process that occurs in the spinal discs, which are located between each vertebra in the spine. These discs act as shock absorbers and allow for movement and flexibility of the spine.

The degenerative process involves changes in the structure and composition of the disc, including loss of water content, decreased production of proteoglycans (which help to maintain the disc's elasticity), and disorganization of the collagen fibers that make up the disc's outer layer (annulus fibrosus). These changes can lead to a decrease in the disc's height and mobility, as well as the development of tears or cracks in the annulus fibrosus.

In advanced stages of degeneration, the disc may herniate or bulge outward, causing pressure on nearby nerves and potentially leading to pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected area. It's worth noting that while intervertebral disc degeneration is a normal part of aging, certain factors such as injury, smoking, obesity, and repetitive stress can accelerate the process.

Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine, although other joints can also be involved. It causes swelling in the spinal joints (vertebrae) that can lead to stiffness and pain. Over time, some of these joints may grow together, causing new bone formation and resulting in a rigid spine. This fusion of the spine is called ankylosis.

The condition typically begins in the sacroiliac joints, where the spine connects to the pelvis. From there, it can spread up the spine and potentially involve other areas of the body such as the eyes, heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal system.

Ankylosing spondylitis has a strong genetic link, with most people carrying the HLA-B27 gene. However, not everyone with this gene will develop the condition. It primarily affects males more often than females and tends to start in early adulthood.

Treatment usually involves a combination of medication, physical therapy, and exercise to help manage pain, maintain mobility, and prevent deformity. In severe cases, surgery may be considered.

The spinal cord is a major part of the nervous system, extending from the brainstem and continuing down to the lower back. It is a slender, tubular bundle of nerve fibers (axons) and support cells (glial cells) that carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body. The spinal cord primarily serves as a conduit for motor information, which travels from the brain to the muscles, and sensory information, which travels from the body to the brain. It also contains neurons that can independently process and respond to information within the spinal cord without direct input from the brain.

The spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column (spine) and is divided into 31 segments: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each segment corresponds to a specific region of the body and gives rise to pairs of spinal nerves that exit through the intervertebral foramina at each level.

The spinal cord is responsible for several vital functions, including:

1. Reflexes: Simple reflex actions, such as the withdrawal reflex when touching a hot surface, are mediated by the spinal cord without involving the brain.
2. Muscle control: The spinal cord carries motor signals from the brain to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement and muscle tone regulation.
3. Sensory perception: The spinal cord transmits sensory information, such as touch, temperature, pain, and vibration, from the body to the brain for processing and awareness.
4. Autonomic functions: The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system originate in the thoracolumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord, respectively, controlling involuntary physiological responses like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.

Damage to the spinal cord can result in various degrees of paralysis or loss of sensation below the level of injury, depending on the severity and location of the damage.

The lumbar vertebrae are the five largest and strongest vertebrae in the human spine, located in the lower back region. They are responsible for bearing most of the body's weight and providing stability during movement. The lumbar vertebrae have a characteristic shape, with a large body in the front, which serves as the main weight-bearing structure, and a bony ring in the back, formed by the pedicles, laminae, and processes. This ring encloses and protects the spinal cord and nerves. The lumbar vertebrae are numbered L1 to L5, starting from the uppermost one. They allow for flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation movements of the trunk.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) refer to damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. This injury can be caused by direct trauma to the spine or by indirect damage resulting from disease or degeneration of surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. The location and severity of the injury on the spinal cord will determine which parts of the body are affected and to what extent.

The effects of SCI can range from mild sensory changes to severe paralysis, including loss of motor function, autonomic dysfunction, and possible changes in sensation, strength, and reflexes below the level of injury. These injuries are typically classified as complete or incomplete, depending on whether there is any remaining function below the level of injury.

Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage and improve the chances of recovery. Treatment usually involves immobilization of the spine, medications to reduce swelling and pressure, surgery to stabilize the spine, and rehabilitation to help regain lost function. Despite advances in treatment, SCI can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.

Spinal injections, also known as epidural injections or intrathecal injections, are medical procedures involving the injection of medications directly into the spinal canal. The medication is usually delivered into the space surrounding the spinal cord (the epidural space) or into the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds and protects the spinal cord (the subarachnoid space).

The medications used in spinal injections can include local anesthetics, steroids, opioids, or a combination of these. The purpose of spinal injections is to provide diagnostic information, therapeutic relief, or both. They are commonly used to treat various conditions affecting the spine, such as radicular pain (pain that radiates down the arms or legs), disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and degenerative disc disease.

Spinal injections can be administered using different techniques, including fluoroscopy-guided injections, computed tomography (CT) scan-guided injections, or with the help of a nerve stimulator. These techniques ensure accurate placement of the medication and minimize the risk of complications.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for specific information regarding spinal injections and their potential benefits and risks.

Spinal nerves are the bundles of nerve fibers that transmit signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body, which can be divided into five regions: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each spinal nerve carries both sensory information (such as touch, temperature, and pain) from the periphery to the spinal cord, and motor information (such as muscle control) from the spinal cord to the muscles and other structures in the body. Spinal nerves also contain autonomic fibers that regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure.

Spinal cord diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the spinal cord, which is a part of the central nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body. These diseases can cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and difficulty with movement and coordination.

Spinal cord diseases can be congenital or acquired, and they can result from a variety of causes, including infections, injuries, tumors, degenerative conditions, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors. Some examples of spinal cord diseases include multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, spinal cord injury, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

The treatment for spinal cord diseases varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, and rehabilitation. In some cases, the damage to the spinal cord may be irreversible, leading to permanent disability or paralysis.

Spinal anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that involves injecting local anesthetic medication into the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space, which is the space surrounding the spinal cord. This procedure is typically performed by introducing a needle into the lower back, between the vertebrae, to reach the subarachnoid space.

Once the local anesthetic is introduced into this space, it spreads to block nerve impulses from the corresponding levels of the spine, resulting in numbness and loss of sensation in specific areas of the body below the injection site. The extent and level of anesthesia depend on the amount and type of medication used, as well as the patient's individual response.

Spinal anesthesia is often used for surgeries involving the lower abdomen, pelvis, or lower extremities, such as cesarean sections, hernia repairs, hip replacements, and knee arthroscopies. It can also be utilized for procedures like epidural steroid injections to manage chronic pain conditions affecting the spine and lower limbs.

While spinal anesthesia provides effective pain relief during and after surgery, it may cause side effects such as low blood pressure, headache, or difficulty urinating. These potential complications should be discussed with the healthcare provider before deciding on this type of anesthesia.

Spinal nerve roots are the initial parts of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen, which are small openings between each vertebra in the spine. These nerve roots carry motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers to and from specific regions of the body. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerve roots in total, with 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal pair. Each root has a dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior) ramus that branch off to form the peripheral nervous system. Irritation or compression of these nerve roots can result in pain, numbness, weakness, or loss of reflexes in the affected area.

Spinal cord neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors within the spinal cord. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They originate from the cells within the spinal cord itself (primary tumors), or they may spread to the spinal cord from other parts of the body (metastatic tumors). Spinal cord neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size, including back pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

The spinal canal is the bony, protective channel within the vertebral column that contains and houses the spinal cord. It extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the sacrum, where the spinal cord ends and forms the cauda equina. The spinal canal is formed by a series of vertebral bodies stacked on top of each other, intervertebral discs in between them, and the laminae and spinous processes that form the posterior elements of the vertebrae. The spinal canal provides protection to the spinal cord from external trauma and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that circulates around the cord, providing nutrients and cushioning. Any narrowing or compression of the spinal canal, known as spinal stenosis, can cause various neurological symptoms due to pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition that refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which puts pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from it. This can occur due to various reasons such as degenerative changes in the spine, herniated discs, bone spurs, tumors, or fractures. The compression can lead to a range of symptoms including pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of bladder and bowel control. In severe cases, it can cause paralysis. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include physical therapy, medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal or the neural foramina (the openings through which nerves exit the spinal column), typically in the lower back (lumbar) or neck (cervical) regions. This can put pressure on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected areas, often in the legs, arms, or hands. It's most commonly caused by age-related wear and tear, but can also be due to degenerative changes, herniated discs, tumors, or spinal injuries.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure where two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together to create a solid bone. The purpose of this procedure is to restrict movement between the fused vertebrae, which can help reduce pain and stabilize the spine. This is typically done using bone grafts or bone graft substitutes, along with hardware such as rods, screws, or cages to hold the vertebrae in place while they heal together. The procedure may be recommended for various spinal conditions, including degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, scoliosis, or fractures.

Some other spinal diseases include spinal muscular atrophy, ankylosing spondylitis, lumbar spinal stenosis, spina bifida, spinal tumors, osteoporosis and cauda equina syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal muscular atrophy 1 (SMA1) , also known as Werdnig Hoffmann disease, is a genetic neuromuscular disorder that affects the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles (motor neurons). (rarediseases.org)
In spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, swallowing and chewing muscle weakness pose a choking hazard. (mda.org)
SMN2 splicing modifiers improve motor function and longevity in mice with spinal muscular atrophy. (broadinstitute.org)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease caused by mutation or deletion of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. (broadinstitute.org)
A better understanding of the needs of adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), best ensuring for their mental and social - as well as physical - well-being, is necessary to guide future research, care recommendations, and policy decisions, according to a review study published in Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases . (rehabpub.com)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutations that reduce the level of the survival motor neuron protein (SMN) resulting in death of alpha-motor neurons, yet it is unclear why these cells are preferentially affected by a reduction in this ubiquitously-expressed protein. (benthamscience.com)
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive, autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by a mutation of the SMN1 gene. (bmj.com)
FDA approved nusinersen (Spinraza, Biogen), the first drug to treat children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare and often fatal genetic disease affecting muscle strength and movement. (formularywatch.com)
There has been a long-standing need for a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy, the most common genetic cause of death in infants, and a disease that can affect people at any stage of life," said Billy Dunn, MD, director of the Division of Neurology Products in FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (formularywatch.com)
Spinraza is approved for use across the range of spinal muscular atrophy patients. (formularywatch.com)
Spinal muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a childhood form of Motor Neurone Disease. (abdn.ac.uk)
Rare Disease Report: Will a Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy be Available Soon? (globalgenes.org)
In this exclusive interview with Rare Disease Report , Kenneth Fischbeck, MD, of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland, talks about the many exciting preclinical and clinical studies that are underway to develop a treatment for patients with spinal muscular atrophy. (globalgenes.org)

Individuals with Myelomeningocele are born with an incompletely fused spine, and therefore exposing the spinal cord through an opening in the back. (wikipedia.org)

Some of the common cervical spine diseases include degenerative disc disease, cervical stenosis, and cervical disc herniation. (wikipedia.org)
Degenerative disc disease occurs over time when the discs within each vertebra in the neck begin to fall apart and begin to disintegrate. (wikipedia.org)
The relationship with spinal degenerative disc disease (DDD) is not known. (nih.gov)
Vacuum disc phenomenon is seen frequently with degenerative disc disease and is characterized by the collection of gas in the disc space. (aott.org.tr)
A world-first Australian medical therapy that uses stem cells to treat degenerative spinal disease has been approved for testing on patients in the U.S. (cellmedicine.com)
Spinal deformity affects individuals in every age and demographic group, but the prevalence increases with age as many causes are affected by degenerative conditions. (boneandjointburden.org)
Adult spinal deformity is a broad diagnostic classification that includes idiopathic scoliosis as well as de novo or degenerative curves, which often result in coronal and/or sagittal plane decompensation. (boneandjointburden.org)
Annular tears and injuries are predisposed to degenerative disc disease. (spinalbackrack.com)
Can your genes cause degenerative disc disease? (spinalbackrack.com)
Have You Been Diagnosed With Degenerative Disc Disease? (spinalbackrack.com)
Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is all part of the natural ageing process. (spinalbackrack.com)
Some conditions affecting spinal discs include: degenerative disc disease, disc protrusion, herniated disc, bulging disc, and the common term slipped disc. (eliteayurveda.com)
all secondary to disc degenerative disease. (pbaclouda2019.com)
The aging of joints is classically called arthritis or osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease . (pbaclouda2019.com)
Degenerative joint disease of the joints of our spinal column is known as spondylosis or spondyloarthritis . (pbaclouda2019.com)
The aging of the intervertebral disc is classically called degenerative disc disease . (pbaclouda2019.com)
The main reasons for completed, but invalid, spine scans were an insufficient scan area or partial scan, degenerative disease/severe scoliosis, and sclerotic spine/spinal fusion/laminectomy. (cdc.gov)

Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that runs down the middle of your back. (medlineplus.gov)
IVDD develops when the discs between the vertebrae undergo degeneration or herniate, leading to the compression of the spinal cord or nerves," Nadia Crighton from Pet Insurance Australia says. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
In this approach, the technology targets the six major nerves entering the spinal cord, aligning their activation with the timing of motor neuron engagement during walking. (michaeljfox.org)
If spinal cord pressure can be relieved or reduced before the spinal nerves are completely destroyed, paralysis may improve. (adam.com)
of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
At each spinal column along the entire length of the spine, nerves emerge through holes in the vertebral bone (foramina) on the right and left sides of the spinal column. (eliteayurveda.com)
The spinal nerves consist of the sensory nerve roots, which enter the spinal cord at each level, and the motor roots, which emerge from the cord at each level. (medscape.com)
The spinal nerves are named and numbered according to the site of their emergence from the vertebral canal. (medscape.com)

If you have an accident that damages the vertebrae or other parts of the spine, this can also injure the spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
These include various diseases of the back or spine ("dorso-"), such as kyphosis. (wikipedia.org)
Spinal disease also includes cervical spine diseases, which are diseases in the vertebrae of the neck. (wikipedia.org)
Scoliosis is a common spinal disease in which the spine has a curvature usually in the shape of the letter "C" or "S". This is most common in girls, but there is no specific cause for scoliosis. (wikipedia.org)
There are many non-surgical treatments available to prevent, halt and even reverse many spine diseases. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms for spinal tumors may vary due to factors such as the type of tumor, the region of the spine, and the health of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal of your spine in your neck, chest, and back down to the first lumbar vertebra. (adam.com)
Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis , infection, cancer, or osteoporosis can weaken the spine, which normally protects the spinal cord. (adam.com)
Injury is due to a weakened spine from aging or bone loss ( osteoporosis ) or spinal stenosis. (adam.com)
Spine injuries can damage the spinal cord if they are at the upper portion of the lumbar spine or the lumbar and sacral nerve roots (cauda equina) if they are at the lower lumbar spine. (adam.com)
Spinal deformity is caused by abnormal curvature of the spine putting it out of alignment. (boneandjointburden.org)
When they become weak, they can place increased pressure on the spine, and lead to strain, as well as spinal compression. (spinalbackrack.com)
When there are spinal issues or disc issues in the spine, these issues can affect the entire body simultaneously. (eliteayurveda.com)
As indicated previously, the lumbar spine lacks a spinal cord. (eliteayurveda.com)
Due to this and the fact that the spinal canal in the low back is typically fairly spacious, problems in the lumbosacral region (lumbar spine and sacral region of the spine) typically result in nerve root problems rather than spinal cord injury. (eliteayurveda.com)
Radiography could be used to assess alterations in spinal curves as well as malpositioning of a vertebra, and Ussher urged "a careful neurological examination assisted by roentgenograms of the spine" when needed for differential diagnosis. (insightcla.com)
Mayo Clinic doctors trained in spine conditions (neurologists) and spinal surgery (neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons) have experience in evaluating and treating people with vertebral tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
Our method at Spinal Care Clinic centers on chiropractic wellness as well as relief of pain, especially spine pain and its related conditions. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
The spinal cord is located inside the vertebral canal, which is formed by the foramina of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae, which together form the spine. (medscape.com)

Lumbar spinal stenosis is classified as a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region of the vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
Lumbar spinal stenosis is very prevalent with 9.3% of the general population producing symptoms and the number is continuing to rise in patients older than 60. (wikipedia.org)
A spinal tap or lumbar puncture can be used to help diagnose MS. A small needle is inserted into the lower back to collect a sample of CSF. (livediseasefree.com)
However, the spinal cord fills the entire spinal canal is not, and he goes up to 2 - 3 lumbar vertebra. (ucoz.com)
The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum down to the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (at birth, down to second and third lumbar vertebrae). (medscape.com)
The cauda equina (Latin for horse tail) is the collection of lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots that travel caudally prior to exiting at their respective intervertebral foramina. (medscape.com)

For specific nontraumatic neurologic diseases that affect the spinal cord, see Multiple Sclerosis , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , and other articles listed in Differentials. (medscape.com)
A spinal tap test can show an increase in antibodies in the central nervous system (CNS) and is often used to diagnose MS. Yet, 5 to 10% of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis do not show increased antibodies in the CNS. (livediseasefree.com)

Most importantly, Soto and his colleagues were able to distinguish between patients with Alzheimer's disease and those with other neurodegenerative or neurological disorders with 90% sensitivity and 92% specificity by applying their test to cerebrospinal fluid samples. (sciencedaily.com)
Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incapacitating transient phenomenon, followed by continuous postural disorders. (elifesciences.org)
Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Diseases-and-Disorders/73718/5/Spinal_Cord_Injury. (unboundmedicine.com)
This is the most inclusive classification of spinal disc disorders. (eliteayurveda.com)
Although the relationship of spinal abnormalities to visceral disorders is not clear cut, correlation of radiographic, instrumentation, and clinical findings may enable the chiropractor to better define this relationship in a given patient. (insightcla.com)

and lesions in the spinal cord. (ed.ac.uk)
The 2017 McDonald criteria for MS diagnosis specifies that lesions on MRI images must be present in specific areas of the brain and spinal cord, and the size and number of these lesions must change over time. (livediseasefree.com)
As a result of dependence upon higher brain centers, certain lesions or diseases of the brain (eg, stroke, cancer, dementia) can result in a loss of voluntary control of the normal micturition reflex as well as symptoms such as urinary urgency. (medscape.com)
AFM is an illness that's characterized by the sudden onset of flaccid weakness in one or more extremities and also by distinct longitudinal gray matter lesions in the spinal cord. (cdc.gov)

When the spinal canal begins to lose its gap and gets thinner, it can cause pain in the neck, which can also cause a numb feeling in the arms and hands. (wikipedia.org)
The cord fills the whole spinal canal at the injury level and leads to further secondary ischemia. (medscape.com)
Although the accumulation of gas within the disc space does not have clinical significance, symptoms may develop when occurring within the spinal canal. (aott.org.tr)
In cases of gas accumulation in the spinal canal, discogenic pain may occur. (aott.org.tr)
Surgical therapy is still an acceptable method for the treatment of vacuum disc phenomenon and accumulation of gas within the spinal canal. (aott.org.tr)
Injury can also occur if the spinal canal protecting the spinal cord has become too narrow ( spinal stenosis ). (adam.com)
They collected every individual's cerebrospinal fluid, which bathes the mind and spinal twine, by inserting a needle into the spinal canal. (me.uk)
The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal, which is formed by the bodies and the vertebral arch. (ucoz.com)

These symptoms can occur around the spinal cord, and also in other areas such as your arms and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
Those are symptoms of cervical stenosis disease. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Only a few symptoms occur for one with this disease, which include feeling tired in the spinal region or backaches. (wikipedia.org)
Trauma to the spinal cord typically leads to a combination of symptoms and signs resulting from immediate and delayed injury. (medscape.com)
They will also continue to explore its utility for detecting the disease before symptoms appear. (sciencedaily.com)
Without treatment, symptoms of SMA1 become apparent before 6 months of age and include worsening muscle weakness and poor muscle tone (hypotonia) due to loss of the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. (rarediseases.org)
When spinal cord injuries are in the neck area, symptoms can affect the arms, legs, and middle of the body. (adam.com)
When spinal injuries are at chest level, symptoms can affect the legs. (adam.com)
When spinal injuries are at the lower back level, symptoms can affect one or both legs. (adam.com)
Depending on the underlying malignancy, 2% to 5% of patients will develop clinical signs and symptoms of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) during the course of their disease. (mhmedical.com)
In this week's blog, we will talk about Parkinson's Disease, the symptoms, and the best way for chiropractic patients with Parkinson's Disease to manage it. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
In later stages of the disease, more sever symptoms may occur with decrease ability in autonomic movements such as blinking, smiling, bathroom habits, etc. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
Individuals with the disease are usually given powerful drugs that help reduce the symptoms, but as later stages progress, the drugs become more ineffective. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
This in hand will help further delay symptoms and prevent the disease from progressing less. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
however, the symptoms of chronic, untreated Lyme disease can occur at any time of the year. (cdc.gov)

2019). Neoplastic diseases of the spinal column. (mhmedical.com)
The NHANES program suspended field operations in March 2020 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. (cdc.gov)

Spinal cord disease can result from diverse pathologic processes including trauma . (medscape.com)
Spinal cord trauma is damage to the spinal cord. (adam.com)
[ 1 ] Neurogenic bladder is a term applied to urinary bladder malfunction due to neurologic dysfunction emanating from internal or external trauma, disease, or injury. (medscape.com)
Trauma is the most common cause of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)

Considerable differences exist in terms of clinical complications after traumatic and nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). (medscape.com)
It may result from direct injury to the cord itself or indirectly from disease of the nearby bones, tissues, or blood vessels. (adam.com)
A minor injury can damage the spinal cord. (adam.com)
Following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the main concerns from cat-owners is whether their cat can recover (i.e., a "functional pet" that can walk, able to regain urinary/fecal continence). (vin.com)
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs play pivotal roles in the progression and recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a serious traumatic disease in central nervous system. (minervamedica.it)
This project focuses on the mechanisms underlying plasma membrane calcium ATPase and collapsing response mediator protein-mediated neuronal degeneration and neuroprotection in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and spinal cord injury. (rutgers.edu)
O'Connor P. Incidence and patterns of spinal cord injury in Australia. (medscape.com)
Priapism in acute spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Tator CH, Fehlings MG. Review of clinical trials of neuroprotection in acute spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. (medscape.com)
National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. (medscape.com)
Sugarman B. Medical complications of spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Comparison of medical complications following nontraumatic and traumatic spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
McDonald JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. (medscape.com)
The development of evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Biering-Sorensen B, Kristensen IB, Kjaer M, Biering-Sorensen F. Muscle after spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Efficacy and safety of vardenafil in men with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Chronic spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
A prospective assessment of mortality in chronic spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
5. Preserving wellness and independence of the aging patient with spinal cord injury: a primary care approach for the rehabilitation medicine specialist. (medscape.com)
Hagen EM, Faerestrand S, Hoff JM, Rekand T, Gronning M. Cardiovascular and urological dysfunction in spinal cord injury. (medscape.com)
Cardiovascular disease and spinal cord injury: results from a national population health survey. (bcit.ca)
Over the last decade, there have been marked changes in the trends of morbidity and mortality among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). (bcit.ca)

This may lead to compression of the nerve root of the spinal cord and result in pain of the lower back and lower extremities. (wikipedia.org)
The spinal cord contains nerve fibers and cells. (adam.com)
Nerve impulses coming from the spinal cord receptors, transmitted via ascending pathways to the brain. (ucoz.com)

This review focuses on spinal cord anatomy. (medscape.com)
Basic clinical descriptions of common patterns of spinal cord involvement are related to essential aspects of spinal cord anatomy. (medscape.com)

IVDD is a debilitating spinal condition that affects the cushion-like discs between the vertebrae, causing pain, weakness, and mobility issues in affected dogs. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
Winsor (1) examined 50 cadavers with disease in 139 organs, and found "curve of the vertebrae" belonging to the same sympathetic segments as the diseased organs 128 times. (insightcla.com)
Snyder, Chance and Clarey (4) reported the presence of exostoses of the seventh or eighth thoracic vertebrae in 90% of post-mortem examination in patients with gallbladder disease. (insightcla.com)
The spinal column is made up of 24 segments (vertebrae). (pbaclouda2019.com)

Spinal DDD was confirmed by radiological diagnosis. (nih.gov)
Neuroanatomic diagnosis and specific spinal cord diseases. (everycat.org)
One update to the McDonald 2017 criteria, is that if someone has their first neurological flare (clinically isolated syndrome) and they are trying to get a diagnosis, the spinal tap may help them get an MS diagnosis and start treatment earlier. (livediseasefree.com)
For the diagnosis of tumors of the spinal cord is also applied this method of radiography, myelography as the - method, which is administered in the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord of contrast medium (eg air) and carrying out radiography. (ucoz.com)
The diagnosis can be made by a laboratory testing for the cryptococcal antigen, X- ray of the lung, or examination of spinal fluid. (cdc.gov)

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors - they are in the matter of the spinal cord (make up about 5% of all spinal tumors). (ucoz.com)
Pain is the most common symptom of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in adults and 60-70% of patients with pain is the first sign of disease. (ucoz.com)

It's generally an indication for spinal surgery in patients older than 65 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
Today, in well-organized spinal cord centers, 94% of patients survive the initial hospitalization. (medscape.com)
Additional analyses excluding patients with known connective tissue diseases and spondyloarthritis (SpA) also showed consistent results. (nih.gov)
Therefore, although this case demonstrates that spinal fixation surgery can be successful, it should probably only be offered after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation has been unsuccessful, or for well motivated patients who express a strong wish for this major reconstructive surgery. (bmj.com)
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a promising intervention for FoG in patients with PD, however its effects on distinct domains of postural control is not well known. (elifesciences.org)
The purpose of this chapter is to provide information on the burden of spinal deformity on patients and on our healthcare system. (boneandjointburden.org)
Similar findings were reported in living patients by Ussher (2), who suggested that the spinal abnormality could be the cause of the attendant visceral disorder. (insightcla.com)
Segmental vertebral lipping between the seventh and tenth thoracic segments was found in 88% of patients with gallbladder disease. (insightcla.com)
64% of patients with pancreatic disease demonstrated osteophytes, mostly at T8-T10. (insightcla.com)
31% of patients with duodenal disease had osteophytes at T9-L2. (insightcla.com)
MRI is a noninvasive tool that represents the method of choice for imaging the spinal cord in human patients. (everycat.org)
Patients were randomly assigned to receive an injection of Spinraza, into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord, or undergo a mock procedure without drug injection (a skin prick). (formularywatch.com)
In some cases, MS patients can show 10 bands or more on their spinal tap result. (livediseasefree.com)
IgG oligoclonal bands (OCB) are detected in the spinal fluid of about 90% of MS patients, but interestingly they are not present in all MS patients. (livediseasefree.com)
Access will be granted as part of the "compassionate early access authorization" procedure, which allows some patients with a severe and incurable disease to have access to a medication that does not have market authorization and is typically not covered by health insurance. (medscape.com)
Patients with ALS, a disease with no treatment that is typically fatal within 3-5 years, would undoubtedly qualify for consideration under such a procedure. (medscape.com)
Burlington and Hamilton chiropractic patients who experience osteoarthritis seem to have a higher risk of acquiring cardiovascular disease. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
The newest study reports that patients with musculoskeletal conditions have a 17% higher risk of acquiring a chronic disease. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
Your Burlington and Hamilton chiropractor at Spinal Care Clinic encourages you to take care of your Burlington and Hamilton back pain and neck pain conditions sooner than later and is here to help our Burlington and Hamilton chiropractic patients! (myspinalcareclinic.com)
Acute Lyme disease, except for the peculiar skin rash it produces in 60 to 80% of the patients in which it occurs, is a summer 'flu-like' illness without a cough. (cdc.gov)
Patients who do not receive treatment can become completely well, with a possibility of recurrent problems later, or they can develop further problems involving the heart, joints or nervous system as the disease progresses. (cdc.gov)
A study by Schüle et al of 608 patients with HSP found that the ability to walk unassisted was maintained by these patients for a median 22 years' disease duration but that independent walking ability was maintained longer by patients who had early onset disease. (medscape.com)
As a result, there have been interruptions of primary health care, closures of emergency hospital services, and the ending of the provision of medicines for patients with chronic diseases, including those suffering from cancer, blood diseases and kidney failure. (who.int)

The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)

With advances in acute care and in the management of septicemia, renal failure, and pneumonia, cardiovascular complications are now a leading cause of death in those with SCI.1 Moreover, several risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are amplified in individuals with SCI compared with able-bodied individuals, including physical inactivity, dyslipidemia, blood pressure irregularities, chronic inflammation, and abnormal glycemic control.2-22. (bcit.ca)
Dr. Janell Routh is a medical officer on the acute flaccid myelitis team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Adriana Lopez is an epidemiologist on the acute flaccid myelitis team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Finally, Dr. Manisha Patel is the acute flaccid myelitis team lead at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Cite this: French Regulator Approves Charcot Disease Treatment - Medscape - Oct 23, 2023. (medscape.com)

A spinal tumor is when unusual tissue begins growing and spreading in the spinal columns or spinal cords. (wikipedia.org)
Mayo Clinic's spinal tumor experts provide comprehensive care for adults and children with spinal tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
Having all this expertise in a single place, focused on you, means that you're not just getting one opinion - your care is discussed among the team, your test results are available quickly, appointments are scheduled in coordination, and the most highly specialized spinal tumor experts in the world are all working together for you. (mayoclinic.org)
As in the case with brain tumors, spinal cord tumors is important to not look or structure of the tumor and its location and the compression on certain segments of the brain, it exerts. (ucoz.com)

A thorough neurological examination is fundamental to evaluate the spinal cord function and provide the client with a reasonable prognosis. (vin.com)
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that is due to a lack of a neurotransmitter chemical called dopamine in a specific part of the brain. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)

As the most common spinal disease in dogs, Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) can cause intolerable pain for affected pets and significant costs to pet owners. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)

Sometimes, the normal wear and tear changes that occur in your spinal discs can cause you pain. (spinalbackrack.com)
If there were one thing I'd wish for, it would be the ability to predict when and where the next infectious disease outbreak would occur and stop it before it starts. (cdc.gov)

Neurodegenerative diseases of the spinal cord develop mainly in the late old age, but can be congenital and progress throughout life. (doclandmed.com)
to Treat neurodegenerative diseases of the spinal cord must under the supervision of experienced doctors. (doclandmed.com)

Musculoskeletal diseases account for more than 50% of disabling health conditions reported by adults. (boneandjointburden.org)

Spinraza is an injection administered into the fluid surrounding the spinal cord. (formularywatch.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is tested for infections, hemorrhages in the brain and spinal cord, demyelinating diseases and cancer. (livediseasefree.com)
The fluid is tested by electrophoresis, which separates IgG antibodies (IgG) and other proteins that can be present in MS and other diseases of the nervous system. (livediseasefree.com)
High levels of IgG antibodies in the spinal fluid and not in the blood, indicates an infection, or an inflammatory or autoimmune disease that involves the CNS. (livediseasefree.com)
A second study found the fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans causes specific antibodies in spinal fluid in the condition cryptococcal meningitis. (livediseasefree.com)
Excessive ranges of a sure enzyme within the fluid round an individual's mind and spinal twine may very well be an indication that they've Parkinson's illness - probably enabling the situation to be identified earlier. (me.uk)

However, a structurally intact spinal cord seen on MR/CT is not equivalent to intact function. (vin.com)

Many spinal cord injuries and cauda equina syndrome cases are medical emergencies and need surgery right away. (adam.com)

The most important predictors of an abnormal MRI study were the presence of spinal pain and the severity of clinical signs. (everycat.org)

This review focuses on the clinical description of common patterns of spinal cord involvement. (medscape.com)
She emphasized early successes of the neuroprosthesis for people with spinal cord injuries, but also told the news outlet, "More work is needed to inform the design of a large-scale clinical trial to establish its safety and efficacy to alleviate gait deficits and reduce the occurrence of freezing-of-gait. (michaeljfox.org)
In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the contribution of NMJ dysfunction in SMA disease pathogenesis, and also provide an overview of therapies currently under preclinical and clinical development for treatment of SMA. (benthamscience.com)
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 92 cats with clinical signs of spinal cord disease. (everycat.org)
Clinical signs of spinal cord tumors are extremely different. (ucoz.com)

Traumatic animals in shock should be treated prior to assess spinal cord function. (vin.com)

At Spinal Corrective Center, we combine state-of-the-art chiropractic techniques with the principles of The 100 Year Lifestyle to help people heal quickly and function at their highest level for a lifetime. (spinalcc.com)
Contact Spinal Care Clinic today to schedule your next Burlington and Hamilton chiropractic appointment. (myspinalcareclinic.com)

Spinal tumors are classically grouped into three categories: extradural tumors, intradural extramedullary tumors, and intradural intramedullary tumors ( Fig. 17-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
in contrast, spinal tumors secondary to metastatic disease tend to be extradural. (mhmedical.com)
Metastatic disease is far more common in the extradural space. (mhmedical.com)
Extradural spinal cord tumors - they are the most malignant. (ucoz.com)

The findings lend hope that doctors might soon have a way to diagnose the disease while treatments might have a better chance of working -- that is, before extensive brain damage and dementia set in. (sciencedaily.com)
Some researchers believe that individuals with Parkinson's disease experience a loss of bodily control due to weakened signals traveling to and from the brain. (michaeljfox.org)
The experimental treatment showed progress alongside other medicines and deep brain stimulation, a technique of introducing electricity that is applied to the brain instead of the spinal cord. (michaeljfox.org)
However, unlike the brain, spinal cord gray matter inside the white. (ucoz.com)
The spinal cord with the brain regulates the internal organs: heart, stomach, bladder and sexual organs. (ucoz.com)
From the brain impulses of a descending pathways coming to the underlying spinal cord and from there - to the authorities. (ucoz.com)
Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)
The central nervous system is composed of the brain, brain stem, and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
Christopher Uejio] C. gattii usually infects the lungs or the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord), causing diseases like pneumonia and meningitis, but it can also affect other parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord. (who.int)

Parkinson's disease), Soto says an FDA-approved test could be on the market in as little as three years. (sciencedaily.com)
A global team of researchers captured the attention of the scientific world with a publication in Nature Medicine in November outlining success in using electrical spinal cord stimulation to address gait and balance issues in a patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). (michaeljfox.org)
A man with early non-fluctuating Parkinson's disease developed disabling camptocormia. (bmj.com)
A tremor here and there is not clinically significant, but it has progressed for a longer period of time, you may want to refer to a neurologist to examine for Parkinson's Disease (PD). (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
What is Parkinson's Disease? (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
So, what healthcare providers will help manage a Parkinson's Disease. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)
If you have any further questions regarding Parkinson's Disease please feel free to visit our website at www.drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com or give us a call at (724) 547-3377. (drlarrywilkinsspinalcare.com)

In the paper, authors outline how delivering an electrical current to the spinal cord from the neuroprosthesis alleviated gait disruptions for their subject. (michaeljfox.org)
Normal gait, spinal pain only. (vin.com)

Spinal cord disease results from multiple diverse pathologic processes. (medscape.com)

These effects of lithium are concomitant with slowed disease progression and are reminiscent of the neurogenetic effects described in the sub-ependymal ventricular zone of the hippocampus. (fupress.net)
Drug therapy is aimed at stopping the progression of the disease and prevention of complications. (doclandmed.com)
We are now particularly interested to determine how this impacts on SMA disease development and progression. (abdn.ac.uk)
PARIS - The French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) has conditionally authorized AMX0035, a new medication aimed at slowing the progression of Charcot disease. (medscape.com)

In the majority of cases, this can be caused by spinal compression, but thankfully it can easily be treated at home, without resorting to any invasive procedures. (spinalbackrack.com)

and vascular spinal cord abnormality. (ed.ac.uk)

These tumors account for 55% of all spinal tumors. (ucoz.com)

Spinal decompression is an effective way to treat them. (spinalbackrack.com)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
I'm Commander Ibad Khan and I'm representing the Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity, COCA, with the Emergency Risk Communication Branch at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

The most characteristic symptom of early Lyme disease is the skin rash which occurs at the site of the tick bite from 5 to 40 or more days after the bite. (cdc.gov)

A number of plastic events were described in the spinal cord in the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). (fupress.net)
this group of diseases include Friedreich's ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (doclandmed.com)

Can Spinal Discs Be Repaired? (spinalbackrack.com)
If you are wondering whether spinal discs can be repaired, it must most likely be due to the fact that you wish to avoid invasive procedures such as a spinal fusion surgery. (spinalbackrack.com)
Spinal discs are intervertebral structures that are made out of a hard outer shell and a gel-like nucleus. (spinalbackrack.com)
The discs are responsible for spinal motion. (eliteayurveda.com)

Prevalence of disease, utilization of healthcare resources, impact of disease on health-related quality of life, and cost of care are useful tools for measuring the burden of deformity on our population and on our healthcare economy. (boneandjointburden.org)
The prevalence of spinal deformity has been reported at a wide range depending on the type of deformity and age. (boneandjointburden.org)

When it comes to treating Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in dogs, the approach can be diverse, depending on the severity of the condition. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
With a strong dedication to promoting responsible pet ownership, Pet Insurance Australia actively promotes preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) and other prevalent dog ailments. (petinsuranceaustralia.com.au)
As well, no antemortem studies on the relative frequency of the different etiologies responsible for feline spinal cord disease, such as lymphoma, feline infectious peritonitis, and intervertebral disc disease, exist in the literature. (everycat.org)
Harris JE, Dhupa S. Lumbosacral intervertebral disk disease in six cats. (everycat.org)

Also, many other inflammatory diseases and parasites are associated with increased antibodies in the CNS. (livediseasefree.com)

Intradural - extramedullary spinal tumors. (ucoz.com)

Reduced expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 and collapsin response mediator protein 1 promotes death of spinal cord neurons. (rutgers.edu)
SMA is a hereditary disease that causes weakness and muscle wasting because of the loss of lower motor neurons controlling movement. (formularywatch.com)

Depending on its pathogenesis, spinal cord disease can manifest with variable impairment of motor, sensory, or autonomic function. (medscape.com)

Musculoskeletal diseases cost $980 billion dollars in 2014, 5.76% of the annual GDP. (boneandjointburden.org)
Musculoskeletal diseases were diagnosed in 19% of the 1.2 billion health care visits in 2013. (boneandjointburden.org)
Musculoskeletal conditions like Burlington and Hamilton back pain, neck pain and osteoarthritis of the hip or knee, may lead to chronic disease like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or obesity. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
Address musculoskeletal diseases at the beginning in their development. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
Preventing and taking care of these musculoskeletal conditions early may help prevent the development of chronic diseases later. (myspinalcareclinic.com)
Just what the connection is between musculoskeletal conditions and chronic disease risk is not yet known. (myspinalcareclinic.com)