Tumors or cancer of the SPLEEN.
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.
DNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.
A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Neoplasms developing from some structure of the connective and subcutaneous tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in connective or soft tissue.
Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS.
Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
A multilocular tumor with mucin secreting epithelium. They are most often found in the ovary, but are also found in the pancreas, appendix, and rarely, retroperitoneal and in the urinary bladder. They are considered to have low-grade malignant potential.
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.
Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.
Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.
Neoplasms composed of vascular tissue. This concept does not refer to neoplasms located in blood vessels.
Tumors or cancer of the EYE.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Tumors or cancer of the NOSE.
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.
Tumors, cancer or other neoplasms produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.
Neoplasms composed of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in muscles.
Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue.
A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumor may develop from a mucinous cystadenoma, or it may be malignant at the onset. The cysts are lined with tall columnar epithelial cells; in others, the epithelium consists of many layers of cells that have lost normal structure entirely. In the more undifferentiated tumors, one may see sheets and nests of tumor cells that have very little resemblance to the parent structure. (Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p184)
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.
Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.
Neoplasms composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of other skin appendages. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the sebaceous or sweat glands or in the other skin appendages.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Splenic marginal zone lymphomas of mice. (1/418)

Splenic marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs) have been found to occur at a high frequency in NFS.N mice congenic for high-expressing ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) genes from AKR and C58 mice. Based on morphological, immunological, and molecular studies of these mice, MZL is clearly recognizable as a distinct disease with a characteristic clinical behavior. MZL was staged according to the degree of accumulation and morphological change of cells within the splenic marginal zone, as follows: 1) a moderate increase in normal-looking MZ cells, judged to be prelymphomatous, and 2) MZL in three variants: i) distinct enlargement of MZ by normal-looking cells (MZL), ii) distinct enlargement of MZ by basophilic centroblast-like cells (MZL+), and iii) extensive splenic involvement by centroblast-like cells (MZL++). The rate of mitosis and apoptosis increases with lymphoma grade. In most cases, emergence of a dominant IgH clonal pattern in paired splenic biopsy and necropsy samples was correlated with progression. MZLs were transplantable and homed to the spleen. MZL may constitute a commonly occurring lymphoma type unrecognized, in part, because of the centroblastic morphology of high-grade MZL and possible overgrowth of lower-grade MZL by more aggressive follicular lymphomas.  (+info)

Analysis of the frequency of microsatellite instability and p53 gene mutation in splenic marginal zone and MALT lymphomas. (2/418)

AIMS: Studies of the genetic characteristics of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) have failed to identify genetic changes specific to this tumour. Microsatellite instability is a type of genomic instability associated with different types of human cancer. Although microsatellite instability is rare in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, it has been found in some specific subsets, such as marginal zone lymphomas arising in mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), where an association with p53 mutation has been described. Because it has been proposed that SMZL and MALT are close in histogenetic terms, this study investigated the comparative frequency of microsatellite instability and p53 mutation in patients with SMZL and MALT lymphomas. METHODS: Microsatellite instability was investigated using seven microsatellite marker loci in 14 patients with SMZL and 20 patients with MALT lymphomas. In an attempt to clarify the role of p53 gene mutation in the pathogenesis of SMZL, exons 5-8 were also investigated by polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing in a total of 20 patients with SMZL and 22 patients with MALT lymphomas. RESULTS: Microsatellite instability was not detected in patients with SMZL, although five of 20 patients with MALT lymphomas had microsatellite instability. The frequency of p53 mutation was low in both series (two of 20 patients with SMZL and one of 22 patients with MALT lymphomas). No significant association was found between p53 mutation and microsatellite instability. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that microsatellite instability is not associated with the molecular pathogenesis of SMZL, confirming the relatively increased frequency of microsatellite instability in MALT lymphomas, and perhaps suggesting that MALT and SMZL have different mechanisms of tumorigenesis.  (+info)

7q31-32 allelic loss is a frequent finding in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. (3/418)

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) has been recognized as an entity defined on the basis of its morphological, phenotypic, and clinical characteristic features. Nevertheless, no characteristic genetic alterations have been described to date for this entity, thus making an exact diagnosis of SMZL difficult in some cases. As initial studies showed that chromosome region 7q22-32 is deleted in some of these cases, we analyzed a larger group of SMZL and other lymphoproliferative disorders that may partially overlap with it. To better define the frequency of 7q deletion in SMZL and further identify the deleted region, polymerase chain reaction analysis of 13 microsatellite loci spanning 7q21-7q36 was performed on 20 SMZL and 26 non-SMZL tissue samples. The frequency of allelic loss in SMZL (8/20; 40%) was higher than that observed in other B-cell lymphoproliferative syndromes (2/26; 7.7%). This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The most frequently deleted microsatellite was D7S487 (5/11; 45% of informative cases). Surrounding this microsatellite the smallest common deleted region of 5cM has been identified, defined between D7S685 and D7S514. By comparative multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis, we detected a homozygous deletion in the D7S685 (7q31.3) marker in one case. These results suggest that 7q31-q32 loss may be used as a genetic marker of this neoplasia, in conjunction with other morphologic, phenotypic, and clinical features. A correlation between 7q allelic loss and tumoral progression (death secondary to the tumor or large cell transformation) in SMZL showed a borderline statistical significance. The observation of a homozygous deletion in this chromosomal region may indicate that there is a tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of this lymphoproliferative neoplasia.  (+info)

Properties of cell lines derived from tumors induced by Friend virus in BALB/c and BALB/c-H-2b mice. (4/418)

Cell lines have been established in culture from Friend virus-induced tumors of BALB/c (H-2d) and congenic BALB/c-H-2b (BALB.B) origin. Spleens from virus-infected hosts in the terminal stages of erythroleukemic disease provided tissues for the establishment of subcutaneously transplantable tumors of both strains. Subsequently cells of these tumors were introduced into culture and passed serially. Complete, infectious Friend virus (FV) has been routinely recovered from culture supernates of BALB.B tumor cells (HFL/b) throughout its 2-yr passage history. However, after only a few transfer generations in culture BALB/c tumor cells (HFL/d) became nonproducers of virus detectable in either the spleen focus assay in vivo or the XC assay in vitro. Nonproducer HFL/d cells possessed the complete genomes of the components of the FV complex, since FV could be recovered from them either by cocultivation with helper virus-infected syngeneic embryo fibroblasts or by serial passage in the ascitic form in normal, syngeneic adult hosts.  (+info)

Dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma through chromosome 7q translocations. (5/418)

The increased or inappropriate expression of genes with oncogenic properties through specific chromosome translocations is an important event in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Recent studies have found deletions or translocations of chromosome 7q to be the most common cytogenetic abnormality observed in SLVL, a leukemic variant of SMZL, with the q21-q22 region being most frequently affected. In three patients with translocations between chromosomes 2 and 7, the cloning of the breakpoints at 7q21 revealed that each was located within a small region of DNA 3.6 kb upstream of the transcription start site of cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). In each case the translocation event was consistent with aberrant VJ recombination between the immunoglobulin light chain region (Ig kappa) on chromosome 2p12 and DNA sequences at 7q21, resembling the heptamer recombination site. The t(7;21) breakpoint in an additional patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), resided 66 kb telomeric to the t(2;7) breakpoints juxtaposing CDK6 to an uncharacterized transcript. In two of the SLVL patient samples, the CDK6 protein was found to be markedly over expressed. These results suggest that dysregulation of CDK6 gene expression contributes to the pathogenesis of SLVL and SMZL.  (+info)

Hepatosplenic B-cell lymphoma associated with hemophagocytic syndrome: a case report. (6/418)

While T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) associated with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) has been frequently observed, B-cell NHL associated with HPS has been rarely reported. We report a case of hepatosplenic B-cell lymphoma associated with HPS in a 41-year-old woman who presented with fever of unknown origin. An abdominal CT scan revealed splenomegaly with focal splenic infarction. Splenectomy and a liver wedge biopsy showed sinusoidal-pattern infiltration of medium to large tumor cells with positive reaction to a B-lymphocyte marker. Findings on bone marrow examination showed proliferation of histiocytes with avid hemophagocytosis.  (+info)

HHV-8 is associated with a plasmablastic variant of Castleman disease that is linked to HHV-8-positive plasmablastic lymphoma. (7/418)

Castleman disease (CD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology that is associated with the development of secondary tumors, including B-cell lymphoma. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) sequences have been described in some cases of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). Using a monoclonal antibody against an HHV-8-latent nuclear antigen, we show that HHV-8 is specifically associated with a variant of MCD in which HHV-8-positive plasmablasts that show lambda light-chain restriction localize in the mantle zone of B-cell follicles and coalesce to form microscopic lymphomas in some cases. Furthermore, we show that the frank plasmablastic lymphoma that develops in patients with this plasmablastic variant of MCD is also positive for HHV-8 and lambda light chain. Plasmablastic lymphoma associated with MCD is a new disease entity associated with HHV-8 infection. (Blood. 2000;95:1406-1412)  (+info)

Late Epstein-Barr virus infection of a hepatosplenic gamma delta T-cell lymphoma arising in a kidney transplant recipient. (8/418)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: gd T-cell lymphomas are only exceptionally observed in transplanted patients. Aim of this study was the detailed characterization of one such case. DESIGN AND METHODS: The patient developed spontaneous splenic rupture six years after kidney transplantation. The splenic red pulp was infiltrated by medium-sized and large lymphoid cells with two or more nucleoli. At autopsy, similar lymphoid cells infiltrated the hepatic sinusoids. Histologic, immunologic and molecular studies were carried out. RESULTS: By immunohistochemistry, the atypical lymphoid cells were found to express CD3, CD45 and CD43, indicating their T-lineage origin. Approximately 99% of spleen mononuclear cells (MNC) were CD3(+), gammadelta TcR+, CD4-, CD8-, alphabeta TcR-. A clonal gammadelta TcR rearrangement (Vgamma1-Jgamma1.3/2.3-Cgamma2; Vdelta1-Ddelta2-Jdelta1) was detected. The final diagnosis was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, hepato-splenic gammadelta-type. EBV infection of spleen MNC was documented by molecular studies. However, in situ hybridization for EBER-1 (EBV-RNA) showed that only a minority of malignant lymphoid cells (5-7%) were EBV-infected. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that EBV infection was as a late event involving an already transformed gd T-cell clone.  (+info)

Splenic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the spleen, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can arise from various cell types present within the spleen, including hematopoietic cells (red and white blood cells, platelets), stromal cells (supporting tissue), or lymphoid cells (part of the immune system).

There are several types of splenic neoplasms:

1. Hematologic malignancies: These are cancers that affect the blood and bone marrow, such as leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. They often involve the spleen, causing enlargement (splenomegaly) and neoplastic infiltration of splenic tissue.
2. Primary splenic tumors: These are rare and include benign lesions like hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, and hamartomas, as well as malignant tumors such as angiosarcoma, littoral cell angiosarcoma, and primary splenic lymphoma.
3. Metastatic splenic tumors: These occur when cancer cells from other primary sites spread (metastasize) to the spleen. Common sources of metastasis include lung, breast, colon, and ovarian cancers, as well as melanomas and sarcomas.

Symptoms of splenic neoplasms may vary depending on the type and extent of the disease but often include abdominal pain or discomfort, fatigue, weight loss, and anemia. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans) and sometimes requires a biopsy for confirmation. Treatment options depend on the type of neoplasm and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.

Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.

Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.

There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.

Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

Multiple primary neoplasms refer to the occurrence of more than one primary malignant tumor in an individual, where each tumor is unrelated to the other and originates from separate cells or organs. This differs from metastatic cancer, where a single malignancy spreads to multiple sites in the body. Multiple primary neoplasms can be synchronous (occurring at the same time) or metachronous (occurring at different times). The risk of developing multiple primary neoplasms increases with age and is associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the kidney tissues that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various types of kidney cells, including the renal tubules, glomeruli, and the renal pelvis.

Malignant kidney neoplasms are also known as kidney cancers, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common type. Benign kidney neoplasms include renal adenomas, oncocytomas, and angiomyolipomas. While benign neoplasms are generally not life-threatening, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to compromise kidney function or if they undergo malignant transformation.

Early detection and appropriate management of kidney neoplasms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and overall prognosis. Regular medical check-ups, imaging studies, and urinalysis can help in the early identification of these growths, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

A "second primary neoplasm" is a distinct, new cancer or malignancy that develops in a person who has already had a previous cancer. It is not a recurrence or metastasis of the original tumor, but rather an independent cancer that arises in a different location or organ system. The development of second primary neoplasms can be influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and previous treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

It is important to note that the definition of "second primary neoplasm" may vary slightly depending on the specific source or context. In general medical usage, it refers to a new, separate cancer; however, in some research or clinical settings, there might be more precise criteria for defining and diagnosing second primary neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma, mucinous is a type of cancer that begins in the glandular cells that line certain organs and produce mucin, a substance that lubricates and protects tissues. This type of cancer is characterized by the presence of abundant pools of mucin within the tumor. It typically develops in organs such as the colon, rectum, lungs, pancreas, and ovaries.

Mucinous adenocarcinomas tend to have a distinct appearance under the microscope, with large pools of mucin pushing aside the cancer cells. They may also have a different clinical behavior compared to other types of adenocarcinomas, such as being more aggressive or having a worse prognosis in some cases.

It is important to note that while a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucinous can be serious, the prognosis and treatment options may vary depending on several factors, including the location of the cancer, the stage at which it was diagnosed, and the individual's overall health.

Thyroid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the thyroid gland, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can vary in size and may cause a noticeable lump or nodule in the neck. Thyroid neoplasms can also affect the function of the thyroid gland, leading to hormonal imbalances and related symptoms. The exact causes of thyroid neoplasms are not fully understood, but risk factors include radiation exposure, family history, and certain genetic conditions. It is important to note that most thyroid nodules are benign, but a proper medical evaluation is necessary to determine the nature of the growth and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are a group of rare, chronic blood cancers that originate from the abnormal proliferation or growth of one or more types of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. These disorders result in an overproduction of mature but dysfunctional blood cells, which can lead to serious complications such as blood clots, bleeding, and organ damage.

There are several subtypes of MPDs, including:

1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of mature granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CML is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which drives uncontrolled cell growth and division.
2. Polycythemia Vera (PV): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of all three types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - in the bone marrow. This can lead to an increased risk of blood clots, bleeding, and enlargement of the spleen.
3. Essential Thrombocythemia (ET): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and bleeding.
4. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF): A disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone marrow tissue with scar tissue, leading to impaired blood cell production and anemia, enlargement of the spleen, and increased risk of infections and bleeding.
5. Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL): A rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CNL can lead to an increased risk of infections and organ damage.

MPDs are typically treated with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of MPD, the patient's age and overall health, and the presence of any comorbidities.

The term "DNA, neoplasm" is not a standard medical term or concept. DNA refers to deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the genetic material present in the cells of living organisms. A neoplasm, on the other hand, is a tumor or growth of abnormal tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

In some contexts, "DNA, neoplasm" may refer to genetic alterations found in cancer cells. These genetic changes can include mutations, amplifications, deletions, or rearrangements of DNA sequences that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Identifying these genetic abnormalities can help doctors diagnose and treat certain types of cancer more effectively.

However, it's important to note that "DNA, neoplasm" is not a term that would typically be used in medical reports or research papers without further clarification. If you have any specific questions about DNA changes in cancer cells or neoplasms, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional or conducting further research on the topic.

Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.

Parotid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the parotid gland, which is the largest of the salivary glands and is located in front of the ear and extends down the neck. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign parotid neoplasms are typically slow-growing, painless masses that may cause facial asymmetry or difficulty in chewing or swallowing if they become large enough to compress surrounding structures. The most common type of benign parotid tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.

Malignant parotid neoplasms, on the other hand, are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. They may present as rapidly growing masses that are firm or fixed to surrounding structures. Common types of malignant parotid tumors include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

The diagnosis of parotid neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to determine the nature of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the neoplasm but may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor (not cancerous), which arises from glandular epithelial cells and is covered by a thin layer of connective tissue. These tumors can develop in various locations within the body, including the ovaries, pancreas, and other organs that contain glands.

There are two main types of cystadenomas: serous and mucinous. Serous cystadenomas are filled with a clear or watery fluid, while mucinous cystadenomas contain a thick, gelatinous material. Although they are generally not harmful, these tumors can grow quite large and cause discomfort or other symptoms due to their size or location. In some cases, cystadenomas may undergo malignant transformation and develop into cancerous tumors, known as cystadenocarcinomas. Regular medical follow-up and monitoring are essential for individuals diagnosed with cystadenomas to ensure early detection and treatment of any potential complications.

Neoplasms of connective and soft tissue are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the body's supportive tissues, such as cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and fat. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign connective and soft tissue neoplasms include:
- Lipomas: slow-growing, fatty tumors that develop under the skin.
- Fibromas: firm, benign tumors that develop in connective tissue such as tendons or ligaments.
- Nevi (plural of nevus): benign growths made up of cells called melanocytes, which produce pigment.

Malignant connective and soft tissue neoplasms include:
- Sarcomas: a type of cancer that develops in the body's supportive tissues such as muscle, bone, fat, cartilage, or blood vessels. There are many different types of sarcomas, including liposarcoma (fatty tissue), rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle), and osteosarcoma (bone).
- Desmoid tumors: a rare type of benign tumor that can become aggressive and invade surrounding tissues. While not considered cancerous, desmoid tumors can cause significant morbidity due to their tendency to grow and infiltrate nearby structures.

Connective and soft tissue neoplasms can present with various symptoms depending on their location and size. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis (spread) of the tumor.

Plasma cell neoplasms are a type of cancer that originates from plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing antibodies to help fight off infections. When plasma cells become cancerous and multiply out of control, they can form a tumor called a plasmacytoma.

There are two main types of plasma cell neoplasms: solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized tumor that typically forms in the bone, while multiple myeloma is a systemic disease that affects multiple bones and can cause a variety of symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, and anemia.

Plasma cell neoplasms are diagnosed through a combination of tests, including blood tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the stage and extent of the disease, but may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

Appendiceal neoplasms refer to various types of tumors that can develop in the appendix, a small tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant and can include:

1. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are usually slow-growing and may not cause any symptoms.
2. Carcinoids: These are neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the hormone-producing cells in the appendix. They are typically small and slow-growing, but some can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Mucinous neoplasms: These are tumors that produce mucin, a slippery substance that can cause the appendix to become distended and filled with mucus. They can be low-grade (less aggressive) or high-grade (more aggressive) and may spread to other parts of the abdomen.
4. Adenocarcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise from the glandular cells lining the appendix. They are relatively rare but can be aggressive and spread to other parts of the body.
5. Pseudomyxoma peritonei: This is a condition in which mucin produced by an appendiceal neoplasm leaks into the abdominal cavity, causing a jelly-like accumulation of fluid and tissue. It can be caused by both benign and malignant tumors.

Treatment for appendiceal neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Liver neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the liver that can be benign or malignant. Benign liver neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant liver neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other organs.

Liver neoplasms can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or secondary, meaning they have metastasized (spread) to the liver from another part of the body. Primary liver neoplasms can be further classified into different types based on their cell of origin and behavior, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic hemangioma.

The diagnosis of liver neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and biopsy to confirm the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type and extent of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or liver transplantation.

Mucinous cystadenoma is a type of benign tumor that arises from the epithelial cells lining the mucous membranes of the body. It is most commonly found in the ovary, but can also occur in other locations such as the pancreas or appendix.

Mucinous cystadenomas are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a slippery, gel-like substance that accumulates inside the tumor and causes it to grow into a cystic mass. These tumors can vary in size, ranging from a few centimeters to over 20 centimeters in diameter.

While mucinous cystadenomas are generally benign, they have the potential to become cancerous (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) if left untreated. Symptoms of mucinous cystadenoma may include abdominal pain or swelling, bloating, and changes in bowel movements or urinary habits. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Ovarian neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the ovary, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various cell types within the ovary, including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. Ovarian neoplasms are often classified based on their cell type of origin, histological features, and potential for invasive or metastatic behavior.

Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are the most common type and can be further categorized into several subtypes, such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and Brenner tumors. Some of these epithelial tumors have a higher risk of becoming malignant and spreading to other parts of the body.

Germ cell ovarian neoplasms arise from the cells that give rise to eggs (oocytes) and can include teratomas, dysgerminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. Stromal ovarian neoplasms develop from the connective tissue cells supporting the ovary and can include granulosa cell tumors, thecomas, and fibromas.

It is essential to diagnose and treat ovarian neoplasms promptly, as some malignant forms can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening if not managed appropriately. Regular gynecological exams, imaging studies, and tumor marker tests are often used for early detection and monitoring of ovarian neoplasms. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, depending on the type, stage, and patient's overall health condition.

Endocrine gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) that develop in the endocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions and processes in the body. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can occur in any of the endocrine glands, including:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it produces several hormones that regulate growth and development, as well as other bodily functions.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium balance.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located behind the stomach, it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, and digestive enzymes that help break down food.
6. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
7. Gonads (ovaries and testicles): located in the pelvis (ovaries) and scrotum (testicles), they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on the type and location of the tumor. For example, a pituitary gland neoplasm may cause headaches, vision problems, or hormonal imbalances, while an adrenal gland neoplasm may cause high blood pressure, weight gain, or mood changes.

Diagnosis of endocrine gland neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy, depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

Gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the gastrointestinal tract, which can be benign or malignant. The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

Benign neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. They can sometimes be removed completely and may not cause any further health problems.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous growths that can invade nearby tissues and organs and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These types of neoplasms can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

GI neoplasms can cause various symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. The specific symptoms may depend on the location and size of the neoplasm.

There are many types of GI neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), lymphomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. The diagnosis of GI neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) is a specific type of cancer that forms in the ducts that carry digestive enzymes out of the pancreas. It's the most common form of exocrine pancreatic cancer, making up about 90% of all cases.

The symptoms of PDC are often vague and can include abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), unexplained weight loss, and changes in bowel movements. These symptoms can be similar to those caused by other less serious conditions, which can make diagnosis difficult.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is often aggressive and difficult to treat. The prognosis for PDC is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of only about 9%. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these approaches. However, because PDC is often not detected until it has advanced, treatment is frequently focused on palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Experimental neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that are induced and studied in a controlled laboratory setting, typically in animals or cell cultures. These studies are conducted to understand the fundamental mechanisms of cancer development, progression, and potential treatment strategies. By manipulating various factors such as genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and pharmacological interventions, researchers can gain valuable insights into the complex processes underlying neoplasm formation and identify novel targets for cancer therapy. It is important to note that experimental neoplasms may not always accurately represent human cancers, and further research is needed to translate these findings into clinically relevant applications.

A neoplasm of vascular tissue is an abnormal growth or mass of cells in the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, are typically not harmful and may not require treatment. However, they can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to press on nearby organs or tissues. Malignant neoplasms, such as angiosarcomas, are cancerous and can invade and destroy surrounding tissue, as well as spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Treatment for vascular tissue neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the growth, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.

Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

Nose neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and have the potential to metastasize.

Nose neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as nasal congestion, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing through the nose, loss of smell, facial pain or numbness, and visual changes if they affect the eye. The diagnosis of nose neoplasms usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and biopsy to determine the type and extent of the growth. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.

Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.

Radiation-induced neoplasms are a type of cancer or tumor that develops as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms or molecules, leading to the formation of ions. This type of radiation can damage DNA and other cellular structures, which can lead to mutations and uncontrolled cell growth, resulting in the development of a neoplasm.

Radiation-induced neoplasms can occur after exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, such as that received during radiation therapy for cancer treatment or from nuclear accidents. The risk of developing a radiation-induced neoplasm depends on several factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the type of radiation, and the individual's genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced damage.

Radiation-induced neoplasms can take many years to develop after initial exposure to ionizing radiation, and they often occur at the site of previous radiation therapy. Common types of radiation-induced neoplasms include sarcomas, carcinomas, and thyroid cancer. It is important to note that while ionizing radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer, the overall risk is still relatively low, especially when compared to other well-established cancer risk factors such as smoking and exposure to certain chemicals.

Adenocarcinoma, papillary is a type of cancer that begins in the glandular cells and grows in a finger-like projection (called a papilla). This type of cancer can occur in various organs, including the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, and female reproductive system. The prognosis and treatment options for papillary adenocarcinoma depend on several factors, such as the location and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.

Carcinoma, papillary is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that line the glandular structures or the lining of organs. In a papillary carcinoma, the cancerous cells grow and form small finger-like projections, called papillae, within the tumor. This type of cancer most commonly occurs in the thyroid gland, but can also be found in other organs such as the lung, breast, and kidney. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is usually slow-growing and has a good prognosis, especially when it is diagnosed at an early stage.

Testicular neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors in the testicle that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They are a type of genitourinary cancer, which affects the reproductive and urinary systems. Testicular neoplasms can occur in men of any age but are most commonly found in young adults between the ages of 15 and 40.

Testicular neoplasms can be classified into two main categories: germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors. Germ cell tumors, which arise from the cells that give rise to sperm, are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Seminomas are typically slow-growing and have a good prognosis, while non-seminomas tend to grow more quickly and can spread to other parts of the body.

Non-germ cell tumors are less common than germ cell tumors and include Leydig cell tumors, Sertoli cell tumors, and lymphomas. These tumors can have a variety of clinical behaviors, ranging from benign to malignant.

Testicular neoplasms often present as a painless mass or swelling in the testicle. Other symptoms may include a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum, a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, and breast enlargement (gynecomastia).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests to detect tumor markers. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular self-examinations of the testicles are recommended for early detection and improved outcomes.

Neoplasms in muscle tissue refer to abnormal and excessive growths of muscle cells that can be benign or malignant. These growths can arise from any of the three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle. Neoplasms in muscle tissue are classified based on their origin, behavior, and histological features.

Benign neoplasms in muscle tissue include leiomyomas (smooth muscle), rhabdomyomas (skeletal muscle), and myxomas (cardiac muscle). These tumors are usually slow-growing and do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant neoplasms in muscle tissue, also known as sarcomas, include leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle), rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscle), and angiosarcoma (cardiac muscle). These tumors are aggressive, invasive, and have the potential to metastasize to other parts of the body.

Symptoms of neoplasms in muscle tissue depend on their location, size, and type. They may include a painless or painful mass, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment options for neoplasms in muscle tissue include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type, stage, location, and patient's overall health condition.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues that serve no purpose and can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Glandular and epithelial neoplasms refer to specific types of tumors that originate from the glandular and epithelial tissues, respectively.

Glandular neoplasms arise from the glandular tissue, which is responsible for producing and secreting substances such as hormones, enzymes, or other fluids. These neoplasms can be further classified into adenomas (benign) and adenocarcinomas (malignant).

Epithelial neoplasms, on the other hand, develop from the epithelial tissue that lines the outer surfaces of organs and the inner surfaces of cavities. These neoplasms can also be benign or malignant and are classified as papillomas (benign) and carcinomas (malignant).

It is important to note that while both glandular and epithelial neoplasms can become cancerous, not all of them do. However, if they do, the malignant versions can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body, making them potentially life-threatening.

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that arises from the mucin-producing cells in the lining of a cyst. It is a subtype of cystadenocarcinoma, which is a malignant tumor that develops within a cyst. Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas are typically found in the ovary or pancreas but can also occur in other organs such as the appendix and the respiratory tract.

These tumors are characterized by the production of large amounts of mucin, a gel-like substance that can accumulate within the cyst and cause it to grow. Mucinous cystadenocarcinomas tend to grow slowly but can become quite large and may eventually spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body if left untreated.

Symptoms of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma depend on the location and size of the tumor, but they may include abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, changes in bowel movements, or vaginal bleeding. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. The prognosis for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis and the patient's overall health.

An adenoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that develops from glandular epithelial cells. These types of cells are responsible for producing and releasing fluids, such as hormones or digestive enzymes, into the surrounding tissues. Adenomas can occur in various organs and glands throughout the body, including the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and digestive systems.

Depending on their location, adenomas may cause different symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Some common examples of adenomas include:

1. Colorectal adenoma (also known as a polyp): These growths occur in the lining of the colon or rectum and can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are essential for early detection and removal of these polyps.
2. Thyroid adenoma: This type of adenoma affects the thyroid gland and may result in an overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
3. Pituitary adenoma: These growths occur in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain and controls various hormonal functions. Depending on their size and location, pituitary adenomas can cause vision problems, headaches, or hormonal imbalances that affect growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
4. Liver adenoma: These rare benign tumors develop in the liver and may not cause any symptoms unless they become large enough to press on surrounding organs or structures. In some cases, liver adenomas can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
5. Adrenal adenoma: These growths occur in the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate stress responses, metabolism, and blood pressure. Most adrenal adenomas are nonfunctioning, meaning they do not secrete excess hormones. However, functioning adrenal adenomas can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome, depending on the type of hormone being overproduced.

It is essential to monitor and manage benign tumors like adenomas to prevent potential complications, such as rupture, bleeding, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment options may include surveillance with imaging studies, medication to manage hormonal issues, or surgical removal of the tumor in certain cases.

Soft tissue neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the soft tissues of the body. Soft tissues include muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and synovial membranes (the thin layer of cells that line joints and tendons). Neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and their behavior and potential for spread depend on the specific type of neoplasm.

Benign soft tissue neoplasms are typically slow-growing, well-circumscribed, and rarely spread to other parts of the body. They can often be removed surgically with a low risk of recurrence. Examples of benign soft tissue neoplasms include lipomas (fat tumors), schwannomas (nerve sheath tumors), and hemangiomas (blood vessel tumors).

Malignant soft tissue neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and may metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. They are often more difficult to treat than benign neoplasms and require a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Examples of malignant soft tissue neoplasms include sarcomas, such as rhabdomyosarcoma (arising from skeletal muscle), leiomyosarcoma (arising from smooth muscle), and angiosarcoma (arising from blood vessels).

It is important to note that soft tissue neoplasms can occur in any part of the body, and their diagnosis and treatment require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional with expertise in this area.

Hematologic neoplasms, also known as hematological malignancies, are a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and accumulation of abnormal blood cells or bone marrow cells. These disorders can originate from the myeloid or lymphoid cell lines, which give rise to various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Hematologic neoplasms can be broadly classified into three categories:

1. Leukemias: These are cancers that primarily affect the bone marrow and blood-forming tissues. They result in an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which interfere with the normal functioning of the blood and immune system. There are several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
2. Lymphomas: These are cancers that develop from the lymphatic system, which is a part of the immune system responsible for fighting infections. Lymphomas can affect lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
3. Myelomas: These are cancers that arise from the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. Multiple myeloma is the most common type of myeloma, characterized by an excessive proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to the production of abnormal amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins (M proteins) and bone destruction.

Hematologic neoplasms can have various symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bone pain. The diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and sometimes bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the disease and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

A neoplasm is a tumor or growth that is formed by an abnormal and excessive proliferation of cells, which can be benign or malignant. Neoplasm proteins are therefore any proteins that are expressed or produced in these neoplastic cells. These proteins can play various roles in the development, progression, and maintenance of neoplasms.

Some neoplasm proteins may contribute to the uncontrolled cell growth and division seen in cancer, such as oncogenic proteins that promote cell cycle progression or inhibit apoptosis (programmed cell death). Others may help the neoplastic cells evade the immune system, allowing them to proliferate undetected. Still others may be involved in angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen.

Neoplasm proteins can also serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment response. For example, the presence or level of certain neoplasm proteins in biological samples such as blood or tissue may indicate the presence of a specific type of cancer, help predict the likelihood of cancer recurrence, or suggest whether a particular therapy will be effective.

Overall, understanding the roles and behaviors of neoplasm proteins can provide valuable insights into the biology of cancer and inform the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Uterine neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the uterus, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from different types of cells within the uterus, leading to various types of uterine neoplasms. The two main categories of uterine neoplasms are endometrial neoplasms and uterine sarcomas.

Endometrial neoplasms develop from the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus. Most endometrial neoplasms are classified as endometrioid adenocarcinomas, arising from glandular cells in the endometrium. Other types include serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma.

Uterine sarcomas, on the other hand, are less common and originate from the connective tissue (stroma) or muscle (myometrium) of the uterus. Uterine sarcomas can be further divided into several subtypes, such as leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma.

Uterine neoplasms can cause various symptoms, including abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, and difficulty urinating or having bowel movements. The diagnosis typically involves a combination of imaging tests (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI scans) and tissue biopsies to determine the type and extent of the neoplasm. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and patient's overall health but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy.

Intestinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissues of the intestines, which can be benign or malignant. These growths are called neoplasms and they result from uncontrolled cell division. In the case of intestinal neoplasms, these growths occur in the small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, or appendix.

Benign intestinal neoplasms are not cancerous and often do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to obstruct the intestines or cause bleeding. Common types of benign intestinal neoplasms include polyps, leiomyomas, and lipomas.

Malignant intestinal neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant intestinal neoplasm is adenocarcinoma, which arises from the glandular cells lining the inside of the intestines. Other types of malignant intestinal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinoid tumors.

Symptoms of intestinal neoplasms can vary depending on their size, location, and type. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Neoplasms, adnexal and skin appendage refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sweat glands, hair follicles, or other structures associated with the skin. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur anywhere on the body.

Adnexal neoplasms are tumors that arise from the sweat glands or hair follicles, including the sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands. These tumors can range in size and severity, and they may cause symptoms such as pain, itching, or changes in the appearance of the skin.

Skin appendage neoplasms are similar to adnexal neoplasms, but they specifically refer to tumors that arise from structures such as hair follicles, nails, and sweat glands. Examples of skin appendage neoplasms include pilomatricomas (tumors of the hair follicle), trichilemmomas (tumors of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle), and sebaceous adenomas (tumors of the sebaceous glands).

It is important to note that while many adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms are benign, some can be malignant and may require aggressive treatment. If you notice any unusual growths or changes in your skin, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and care.

Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).

In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.

Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.

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During the last several years, myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have emerged as a leading systemic cause of splanchnic vein ... thromboses (which include PVT).[citation needed] The main portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior ...
Vascular accidents, such as rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, iliac aneurysm, or splenic aneurysm. Bleeding due to a ... Bleeding due to rupture of an intra-abdominal neoplasm, (e.g., Hepatoblastoma) Disseminated intravascular coagulation People on ...
The connection occurs through a cord of splenic tissue or fibrous band. Discontinuous (45%): Ectopic splenic tissue is present ... A few cases of testicular neoplasm have been reported in association with splenogonadal fusion. The reported cases have ... The presence of splenic tissue may be confirmed with a technetium-99m sulfur colloid scan. Splenogonadal fusion is separated ... Surgical approach should attempt to divide the mass and the gonad at the connecting plane for removal of the splenic tissue. ...
CEBPA mutation Myeloid neoplasms with germline DDX41 mutation Myeloid neoplasms with germline RUNX1 mutation Myeloid neoplasms ... non-CLL-type B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Hairy cell leukaemia Splenic B-cell lymphoma/ ... neoplasms with PDGFRA rearrangement Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with PDGFRB rearrangement Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 ... NOS Lymphoid neoplasms Precursor lymphoid neoplasms B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma, NOS B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma ...
... by invasion by cells foreign to the splenic environment (e.g., metastases, myeloid neoplasms, lipid storage diseases) Immune, ... Asplenia Hepatosplenomegaly Portal hypertension Sign (medicine) Splenic aspiration Splenic infarction Tropical splenomegaly ... Rosenberg, H K; Markowitz, R I; Kolberg, H; Park, C; Hubbard, A; Bellah, R D (1991). "Normal splenic size in infants and ... Signs of splenomegaly may include a palpable left upper quadrant abdominal mass or splenic rub. It can be detected on physical ...
... splenic infarction MeSH C15.604.744.680 - splenic neoplasms MeSH C15.604.744.742 - splenic rupture MeSH C15.604.744.742.500 - ... bone marrow neoplasms MeSH C15.378.420.155 - anemia, sickle cell MeSH C15.378.420.155.440 - hemoglobin sc disease MeSH C15.378. ... bone marrow neoplasms MeSH C15.378.190.625 - myelodysplastic syndromes MeSH C15.378.190.625.062 - anemia, refractory MeSH ... splenosis MeSH C15.604.744.909 - tuberculosis, splenic MeSH C15.604.744.954 - wandering spleen MeSH C15.604.921.500 - king's ...
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Hairy cell leukemia Plasma cell neoplasms: Plasma cell myeloma (also known as multiple myeloma) ... Historically, mature histiocytic and dendritic cell (HDC) neoplasms have been considered mature lymphoid neoplasms, since these ... lymphoma classification should reflect in which lymphocyte population the neoplasm arises. Thus, neoplasms that arise from ... July 2009). "The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: ...
... splenic rupture MeSH C21.866.017.680.500 - splenosis MeSH C21.866.017.809 - stomach rupture MeSH C21.866.088.268 - forearm ... neoplasms, radiation-induced MeSH C21.866.733.579 - osteoradionecrosis MeSH C21.866.733.720 - radiation injuries, experimental ... splenic rupture MeSH C21.866.761.555.500 - splenosis MeSH C21.866.761.684 - stomach rupture MeSH C21.866.761.853 - uterine ...
... degenerescence book type Spirochetes disease Spirurida infections Spleen neoplasm Splenic agenesis syndrome Splenic flexure ... muscular atrophy Spinal atrophy ophthalmoplegia pyramidal syndrome Spinal cord disorder Spinal cord injury Spinal cord neoplasm ...
Progress in surgical techniques in digestive system neoplasms. 2013; -Gong Ji Surgery Forum; OCT 27, 2013; Shanghai, CHINA. S. ... S. Uranues, B. Salehi, P. Kornprat, B: Todoric: Technique of laparoscopic left pancreatic resection preserving the splenic ... Laparoscopic resection of the pancreatic tail with splenic preservation. In: Am J Surg. 2006; 192(2), S. 257-261. ...
Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Mast cell leukemia Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm ... follicular lymphoma Primary cutaneous immunocytoma Primary effusion lymphoma Plasmablastic lymphoma Sézary syndrome Splenic ...
An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the main body of the spleen. Accessory spleens are ... "Hypersplenism caused by an accessory spleen mimicking an intra-abdominal neoplasm: report of a case". Surg. Today. 39 (9): 818- ... They may be found anywhere along the splenic vessels, in the gastrosplenic ligament, the splenorenal ligament, the walls of the ... Servadio Y, Leibovitch I, Apter S, Mor Y, Goldwasser B (1994). "Symptomatic heterotopic splenic tissue in the left renal fossa ...
EMH in the lymph nodes is usually associated with underlying hematopoietic neoplasms. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) tend ... The fact that EMH frequently occurs in the red pulp, is supported by current data that suggests that splenic sinus endothelial ... Despite the hypoxic/acidic conditions of the splenic microenvironment, supplied with a legion of macrophages making it ... Wolf BC, Neiman RS (1987). "Hypothesis: splenic filtration and the pathogenesis of extramedullary hematopoiesis in agnogenic ...
On occasion, their first presentation may be with splenic rupture. Most patients show no symptoms and the tumours are found ... Benign neoplasms). ...
Disseminated HS (including MH) is not readily treated surgically, since even in the splenic form, early metastasis to the liver ... histiocytic neoplasm which arises in multiple sites simultaneously. Most lesions previously defined as MH are probably more ... Secondary sites are widespread, but consistently include liver and lung (with splenic primary), and hilar lymph node (with lung ... cutaneous neoplasm in dogs. Histiocytomas usually occur as solitary lesions, which spontaneously regress, and seldom recur. ...
Cysts also may be present due to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Pancreas divisum is a malformation in which the ... Hemosuccus pancreaticus is associated with pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and aneurysms of the splenic artery. Angiography may ... Pancreatic tumors (masses) including pancreatic cancer Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm ... such as the splenic artery, that bleed into the pancreatic duct. Patients with hemosuccus may develop symptoms of ...
The disease shows a distinct sinusoidal pattern of infiltration which spares the splenic white pulp and hepatic portal triads. ... It is a systemic neoplasm comprising medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show significant sinusoidal infiltration in the liver ...
A typical transformation rate of 5-6% has been postulated in the UK, similar to the Richter's transformation rate for splenic ... and most kinds of blood neoplasms, including hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome, atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B- ... such as Splenic marginal zone lymphoma or B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. The diagnosis can be confirmed by viewing the cells ... data from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma to conclude that HCL and other rare B-cell neoplasms may share ...
There are four main types that make up the structure and functions of lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes and splenic tissue. ... Dendritic cell neoplasms are classified by the World Health Organization as follows: Langerhans cell histiocytosis Langerhans ... Kairouz S, Hashash J, Kabbara W, McHayleh W, Tabbara IA (October 2007). "Dendritic cell neoplasms: an overview". American ...
Tiu R. V.; Sekeres M. A. (2014). "Making sense of the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms overlap syndromes". Current ... "Splenic irradiation for splenomegaly: A systematic review". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 53: 47-52. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.016 ... neoplasms, and cysts, Pediatric cancers, Rare cancers). ...
Splenic infiltrates are typically found only in the red pulp. Hepatic infiltrates can be found in either the sinusoids, portal ... Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm that features a persistent neutrophilia in peripheral ...
Portal vein thrombosis Thrombosis of the splenic vein Renal vein thrombosis (thrombosis of the veins of the kidneys) Ovarian ... catheters Inflammatory diseases/some autoimmune diseases Nephrotic syndrome Obesity Infection HIV Myeloproliferative neoplasms ...
When used to characterize a neoplasm, in situ has referred to a localized, non-destructive accumulation in a tissue of cells ... Screening studies such as CT scans and bone marrow examinations are recommended to determine the presence of splenic FL, ... At diagnosis or thereafter, ISFL may also be associated with other lymphoid malignancies including splenic marginal zone ... Choi SM, O'Malley DP (December 2018). "Diagnostically relevant updates to the 2017 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms". ...
MBL-MZ Splenic marginal zone lymphoma and splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia: see above descriptions. Waldenström's ... Choi SM, O'Malley DP (December 2018). "Diagnostically relevant updates to the 2017 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms". ... These malignancies appear to have been primarily marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the splenic marginal zone B-cell, splenic ... splenic marginal zone lymphoma, or splenic lymphoma/leukemia unclassifiable at a rate of 1-2% per year whereas MBL-MZ ...
The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016 19;127(20):2375-90. ... biology of splenic marginal zone, prognostic factors in lymphoma). This research team was successfully affiliated with the ...
Splenic marginal zone lymphomas (SMZLs) are MZLs that initially are confined to the spleen, bone marrow, and blood. Nodal ... "The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms". Blood. 127 (20): 2375-90. doi:10.1182 ... Its prognosis appears to be slightly worse than that seen in extranodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas with ~15% of people ... MZLs represent 5-17% of all Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with the extranodal, splenic, and nodal forms accounting for 50-70%, ~20%, ...
It also confirms the genetic heterogeneity between the primary neoplasm of breast cancer patients and their respective ... Lung Splenic injection: Liver Carotid artery Injection: Brain The specific immunodeficient mice that were used were the NOD/ ...
Secondary peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses including splenic and hepatic abscesses generally occur because of the ... malignant neoplasms intestinal obstruction; decubitus ulcers; dental extraction; sickle cell disease; diabetes mellitus; ...
NOS M8000/6 Neoplasm, metastatic Neoplasm, metastatic Tumor, metastatic Tumor, secondary Tumor embolus M8000/9 Neoplasm, ... small noncleaved Burkitt-like lymphoma M9689/3 Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Splenic ... benign M8000/1 Neoplasm, uncertain whether benign or malignant Neoplasm, NOS Tumor, NOS Unclassified tumor, uncertain whether ... M8130/1 Papillary transitional cell neoplasm of low malignant potential (C67._) Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant ...
title = "Splenic metastases from mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and colon",. abstract = "Aims and background: Splenic ... Splenic metastases from mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and colon. Jacobe Cabanas, Rodrigo Gomes Da Silva, Luis Zappa, Jesus ... Splenic metastases from mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and colon. In: Tumori. 2006 ; Vol. 92, No. 2. pp. 104-112. ... Splenic metastases from mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and colon. / Cabanas, Jacobe; Gomes Da Silva, Rodrigo; Zappa, Luis ...
... is a recently described and distinctive type of splenic lymphoma and is characterized by an indolent clinical course. By ... Splenic Neoplasms / genetics * Splenic Neoplasms / metabolism * Splenic Neoplasms / pathology* * Translocation, Genetic ... Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a recently described and distinctive type of splenic lymphoma and is characterized by ... Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with increased number of blasts: an aggressive variant? Hum Pathol. 1999 Oct;30(10):1153-60. doi ...
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. *Plasma cell neoplasms *Plasma cell myeloma. *Plasmacytoma. *Monoclonal immunoglobulin ... Mature B cell neoplasms. DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitts lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing ... Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms. **T cell prolymphocytic leukemia ... Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. ...
Synonyms: malignant Splenic tumor; malignant tumour of spleen; spleen neoplasm; Splenic neoplasm ... Synonyms: malignant Splenic tumor; malignant tumour of spleen; spleen neoplasm; Splenic neoplasm Alt IDs: DOID:671, ICD10CM: ...
Most pancreatic endocrine neoplasms discovered clinically are functional; ie, they secrete one or more hormonal products into ... Neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas can be divided into functional and nonfunctional varieties. ... The hypoechoic neoplasm (arrows) is seen in the body of the pancreas anterior to the splenic vein (SV) (Rosch, 1992). ... encoded search term (Neoplasms of the Endocrine Pancreas) and Neoplasms of the Endocrine Pancreas What to Read Next on Medscape ...
... including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, and solid organ transplant; HIV infection; and sickle ... congenital or acquired asplenia or splenic dysfunction; congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies; diseases and conditions ... including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, and solid organ transplant; HIV infection; and sickle ... malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas, Hodgkin disease, and other diseases associated with treatment with immunosuppressive ...
"Evaluation of cytological diagnostic accuracy for canine splenic neoplasms: An investigation in 78 cases using STARD guidelines ... Hemorrhage secondary to splenic and hepatic tumors can also cause ventricular arrythmias. Hemangiosarcoma of the skin usually ... Some episodes of collapse are a result of ventricular arrhythmias, which are relatively common in dogs with splenic or cardiac ... "cytological diagnosis of splenic neoplasia is reliable, but a negative result cannot be used to exclude the possibility of ...
Pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery from pancreatitis *Chronic pancreatitis *Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, combined ... Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm *Acinar cell carcinoma *solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm * ... Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm *Nonhyperfunctioning endocrine pancreatic tumor. and chapters 11-50. Gastrointestinal ...
Splenic. Urogenital. - Torsion, ruptured neoplasm. - Nephritis, pyelonephritis, ruptured bladder. - Ureteral / urethral calculi ...
View Rat Genome Database annotations to Splenic Neoplasms ... 3 RGD objects have been annotated to Splenic Neoplasms (DOID: ... An association has been curated linking Hras and Splenic Neoplasms in Rattus norvegicus. *The association was inferred from ...
REAL, revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasm. *SLVL, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes ...
mucinous cystic neoplasm. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019;50(1):91-97.. * Cited Here , ... Differential diagnosis of pancreatic epidermoid cyst without a solid component (residual splenic tissue) vs. ...
Splenic hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas are neoplasms derived from the splenic vascular endothelium. Congestion of neoplastic ... arrows). Splenic congestion is common, although a cause is not always apparent. Iatrogenic factors affecting the amount of ... Other causes of splenic congestion include cardiovascular disease, mononuclear cell leukemia in rats, and erythrocyte damage ... Angiectatic blood vessels in the spleen can be congested, but "splenic congestion" is typically a more generalized lesion ...
For a discussion of papillomas (viral warts), the most common, viral-induced neoplasms of the skin, see Papillomas . Benign... ... Differential diagnoses include splenic, uterine, and ovarian tumors.. Although the clinical signs are similar, there are two ... of the disease by plain radiography is difficult because of the similar opacity of ovarian cysts and abdominal neoplasms. ...
For a discussion of papillomas (viral warts), the most common, viral-induced neoplasms of the skin, see Papillomas . Benign... ... Differential diagnoses include splenic, uterine, and ovarian tumors.. Although the clinical signs are similar, there are two ... of the disease by plain radiography is difficult because of the similar opacity of ovarian cysts and abdominal neoplasms. ...
The use of ligating-dividing or other staplers will allow expedient and safe surgical removal of hemorrhaging splenic neoplasms ... Total splenectomy often is life-saving in hemorrhaging splenic malignancies, but a cure is rarely obtained if it is caused by a ... Abdominal hemorrhage is most frequently associated with splenic and hepatic tumors but can also be caused by tumors of other ... The most common canine splenic tumor is hemangiosarcoma. It usually affects older animals and metastasizes in more than 50% of ...
The primary differential diagnosis for the mass was a primary splenic neoplasm such as hemangiosarcoma or another malignant ... Large splenic masses arising from the splenic tail can result in dorsal jejunal displacement, whereas cranial gastric ... Primary splenic peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a dog. J Comp Pathol. 2009;141(2-3):195-198. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.03.009 ... Primary splenic peripheral nerve sheath tumour in a dog. J Comp Pathol. 2009;141(2-3):195-198. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.03.009 ...
Concurrent splenic displacement and congestion occurs.. Hemangiosarcoma. The most common neoplasm that causes sudden death in ... At necropsy, dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma often have hemoabdomen and a large, tumor-associated hematoma in the spleen. ...
In mice, neoplasms were observed in both the liver and lung. A significant increase in the incidence of multiple hepatocellular ... An increased incidence of splenic haematopoieisis was also observed in high-dose male mice (NTP, 2007). ... neoplasm, was noted that was significant at the highest dose. In contrast, male rats showed a significant increase in ... a non-significant increase in lung neoplasms was observed. Non-cancer effects, non-significant increases in the incidence of ...
Hemangioma is a benign neoplasm, and no need for more investigation, in this patient incidentally was seen. ... Yonso M, Splenic hemangioma. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 29 Sep 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-84896 ... ":"splenic-hemangioma-6","modality":"Ultrasound","series":[{"id":54028165,"content_type":"image/jpeg","frames":[{"id":54028165 ...
... nervous system neoplasms/ or exp *skin neoplasms/ or exp *soft tissue neoplasms/ or exp *splenic neoplasms/ or exp *urogenital ... hematologic neoplasms/ or exp *nervous system neoplasms/ or exp *skin neoplasms/ or exp *splenic neoplasms/ or exp *thoracic ... cecal neoplasms/ or exp *duodenal neoplasms/ or exp *ileal neoplasms/ or exp *jejunal neoplasms/ or exp *stomach neoplasms/ or ... cecal neoplasms/ or exp *duodenal neoplasms/ or exp *ileal neoplasms/ or exp *jejunal neoplasms/ or exp *stomach neoplasms/ or ...
Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) is is an uncommon lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the accumulation of small mature B cell lymphoid ... cells with abundant cytoplasm and "hairy" projections within the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and splenic red pulp. ...
Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri (180) 200 2 044 Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus (182) 210 2 061 Malignant neoplasms of ... Hepatic and splenic flexures and transverse colon (153.0-153.1,153.7) 05900 030 Descending colon (153.2) 06000 027 Sigmoid ... Malignant neoplasm of test is (186) 240 037 Malignant neoplasm of bladder (188) 250 078 Malignant neoplasms of kidney and other ... Malignant neoplasm of breast (174-175) 200 049 Malignant neoplasms of genital organs (179-187) 210 049 Malignant neoplasms of ...
Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable; this includes splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma and hairy cell ... The WHO classification subtypes for mature B-cell neoplasms are as follows:. * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small ... MCL is diagnosed in accordance with the WHO criteria for hematological neoplasms and detection of cyclin D1 expression or the t ... Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest ...
... intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, splenic vessel preserving ...
... splenic dysfunction, or splenectomy [if elective splenectomy is planned, vaccinate at least 2 weeks before surgery]); ... malignant neoplasms, anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ... including malignant neoplasms, leukemias, lymphomas and Hodgkin disease; or solid organ transplantation, congenital ...
... (MPNs) are a group of disorders characterized by a proliferation of normally developed ( ... Splenectomy, splenic irradiation *JAK2 inhibitors. * Cytoreduction: Options include hydroxyurea, cladribine, and interferon ... Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. . N Engl J Med. 2017. ; 376. (22). : p.2168-2181. .doi:. 10.1056/nejmra1406186. .. ,. Open in ... Genetics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. . Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2021. ; 35. (2). : p.217-236. .doi:. 10.1016/j.hoc. ...
Neoplastic cells originated in the splenic lymphatic cells and systemically caused severe metastatic lesions in the heart, ... In this paper, we describe light and electron microscopic features of neoplasms and neoplastic cells. ...
Splenic Neoplasm Whats New Not available Content Summary. Selected Rare Diseases. Browse full list of rare diseases A-Z *Alpha ...
... myeloproliferative neoplasm; SI: splenic irradiation; Abs: antibodies; CR: complete remission; DAC: decitabine; GVHD: graft- ... Malignancy risk factors and prognostic variables of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms in Chinese patients. ... BACKGROUND: Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) represent one of the precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal ...
  • Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with increased number of blasts: an aggressive variant? (nih.gov)
  • Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a recently described and distinctive type of splenic lymphoma and is characterized by an indolent clinical course. (nih.gov)
  • Pathologic splenic rupture occurred most commonly in patients with acute leukemia but has been well documented in chronic leukemias and in lymphoma as well. (nebraska.edu)
  • 2Includes chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, congenital immunodeficiency, congenital or acquired asplenia, or splenic dysfunction, diseases associated with treatment of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation therapy such as Hodgkin disease, leukemia, lymphoma, malignant neoplasm and solid organ transplant, HIV and sickle cell disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The cases included here were characterized by massive splenomegaly and a morphological picture showing a micronodular pattern of splenic involvement with follicle replacement, biphasic cytology, and marginal zone differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • We analyzed 6 HCLs, 7 marginal zone lymphomas, 12 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, 7 follicular lymphomas, 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 1 multiple myeloma (lymphocytic variant), and 3 bone marrows not involved by any B-cell neoplasm. (allenpress.com)
  • Most pancreatic endocrine neoplasms discovered clinically are functional-that is, they secrete one or more hormonal products into the blood, which leads to a recognizable clinical syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Several other rare clinical syndromes have been proposed as possible functional endocrine syndromes associated with pancreatic neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with pancreatic neoplasms that have the histologic characteristics of a pancreatic endocrine tumor but no associated elevation in plasma hormone levels (excluding the pancreatic polypeptide level) and those without a recognizable clinical syndrome are considered to have nonfunctional pancreatic endocrine tumors. (medscape.com)
  • A subset of these patients have neoplasms that secrete pancreatic polypeptide (ie, PPomas). (medscape.com)
  • The cells in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms are termed amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells because they have a high amine content, are capable of amine precursor uptake, and contain an amino acid decarboxylase. (medscape.com)
  • Although the term islet cell tumor is often used to identify neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas, this is a misnomer because many pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors do not develop directly from islet cells. (medscape.com)
  • [ 16 ] The fact that many gastrinomas and somatostatinomas are found close to, but not within, the pancreatic parenchyma supports the notion of the possible extrapancreatic development of these neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Functional pancreatic endocrine neoplasms cause physiologic derangements related to the normal action of the hormonal product that the tumors overproduce. (medscape.com)
  • It is usually found around the splenic hilum or ligaments, pancreatic tail, or sometimes in the pancreatic parenchyma [ 7 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) may mimic pancreatic neoplasms, but requires no further treatment. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Imaging studies revealed a mixed neoplasm neoplasia inusual in the pancreatic body and tail. (bvsalud.org)
  • SPPT) is a rare exocrine pancreatic neoplasm, tumor' of the pancreas.4 not conflict of interests. (bvsalud.org)
  • These splenic tumor masses had a CT image compatible with metastases and not compatible with mucinous tumor layered out of the splenic capsule. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Conclusions: From our review of the clinical information available on these 9 patients, these splenic lesions were thought to be an entrapment of mucinous tumor within splenic surface trabeculae, which expand into the splenic parenchyma resembling metastatic disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Splenic artery was regularly patent but entirely trapped in the tumor. (uninsubria.it)
  • Solid cystic pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas with splenic metastasis: Case report and review of literature. (ijsurgery.com)
  • 7. Left-sided localization of the primary tumor (from the splenic flexure of the colon inclusive). (who.int)
  • Angiectatic blood vessels in the spleen can be congested, but "splenic congestion" is typically a more generalized lesion involving the red pulp sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • The spleen, sometimes called "the forgotten organ" of the abdomen, has received less attention than other abdominal solid organs, as splenic diseases are less common and frequently clinically asymptomatic [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Accessory spleen, which results from a failure of the embryonic splenic anlage to fuse and extreme lobulation that separates splenic tissue, is a normal variant observed in 10%-30% of individuals [ 7 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Hemangiosarcoma accounts for 5% of all visceral neoplasms 3 (organ cancers) and about 50% of splenic malignancies (spleen cancers) in dogs. (dogcancer.com)
  • An enlarged spleen can be the cause of hypersplenism, that is, sequestration and excessive destruction of blood cells (usually all, although it is limited to 1 or 2 cell lines) by splenic macrophages. (acnm-online-pharmacy-usa-store.com)
  • In the case of an enlarged spleen with lymphoproliferative neoplasms, the signs of hypersplenism, even with a large spleen, are not as pronounced as with portal hypertension or Gaucher disease. (acnm-online-pharmacy-usa-store.com)
  • Methods: Information on 9 patients who underwent splenectomy with intraparenchymal splenic masses associated with appendiceal or colorectal mucinous tumors with peritoneal dissemination was collected. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
  • Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. (booksca.ca)
  • Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL) is is an uncommon lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the accumulation of small mature B cell lymphoid cells with abundant cytoplasm and "hairy" projections within the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and splenic red pulp. (lls.org)
  • Neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas can be divided into functional and nonfunctional varieties. (medscape.com)
  • Case report This report describes the onset of asymptomatic multiple little splenic perfusion defects after the treatment of a LAP localized in the boby tail portion of the pancreas with the application of five percutaneous probes for IRE, in a 79 year-old man. (uninsubria.it)
  • Solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm (SPEN) of the pancreas is a rare cystic exocrine tumour of the pancreas that predominantly affects women between 30 and 40 years of age. (ijsurgery.com)
  • Romics L Jr, Oláh A, Belágyi T, Hajdú N, Gyurus P, Ruszinkó V. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas--proposed algorithms for diagnosis and surgical treatment. (ijsurgery.com)
  • Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas, Arquivos Brasileiros De Cirurgia Digestiva: Abcd. (ijsurgery.com)
  • Management of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of pancreas: A single center experience of 243 consecutive patients. (ijsurgery.com)
  • Hemangioma is a benign neoplasm, and no need for more investigation, in this patient incidentally was seen. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Less common MPNs, which are not associated with the driver mutations, include chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), chronic neutrophilic leukemia , and myeloproliferative neoplasm , unclassifiable. (amboss.com)
  • Hemorrhage secondary to splenic and hepatic tumors can also cause ventricular arrythmias. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytologic aspirates may be inconclusive with studies reporting various specificity, and negative results may not correlate with absence of disease, as one study concludes "cytological diagnosis of splenic neoplasia is reliable, but a negative result cannot be used to exclude the possibility of splenic neoplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • una neoplasia mixta en el cuerpo y cola pancreática. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1. A referral to p. 57 has been added to the table title, to refer the reader to the Myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable section, to which this table relates. (who.int)
  • The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), unclassifiable, requires that either all 3 criteria are met. (who.int)
  • Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, and anemia with nucleated and teardrop-shaped red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • abstract = "Aims and background: Splenic metastases associated with mucinous intraabdominal tumors have been an enigma in the radiologic and oncology literature. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • A correct preoperative diagnosis of splenic rupture was reported in only 10 of the 53 cases reviewed. (nebraska.edu)
  • Its noninvasiveness, extensive range of application, and low cost make US a useful and valuable tool for the detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of splenic abnormalities. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Concomitantly with the increasing frequency of imaging, more splenic lesions are being discovered and the requirements for the differential diagnosis are rising. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Knowledge of the US features of various splenic lesions will help narrow the differential diagnosis and guide clinical decision-making. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Ultrasonography is a useful and valuable tool for the detection, diagnosis, and follow-up of splenic abnormalities. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • However, with the increasing frequency of imaging and advances in imaging technology, more incidental splenic lesions are being discovered and the subsequent requirements for the differential diagnosis are growing. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Colonoscopy is widely accepted as a common investigation for the diagnosis and treatment of various colorectal conditions, in addition to screening and surveillance of colorectal neoplasms. (gastrores.org)
  • Neoplastic cells originated in the splenic lymphatic cells and systemically caused severe metastatic lesions in the heart, liver, kidney, digestive tracts, gills and the lateral musculature. (int-res.com)
  • In this pictorial essay, we introduce the representative US findings of many different splenic lesions, including normal sonographic findings, normal variants and congenital anomalies, infectious conditions, benign and malignant neoplasms, and non-neoplastic lesions. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Therefore, this pictorial essay elucidates the US findings of various splenic lesions, in correlation with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and pathology. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Renal fossa heterotopic splenic tissue is characteristically asymptomatic and is usually an incidental finding that has been reported to mimic renal or adrenal tumors. (karger.com)
  • The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites. (lookformedical.com)
  • 20 mm in diameter were histologically confirmed as malignant neoplasms (pheochromocytoma and adenocarcinoma). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, symptoms related directly to the splenic tissue do occur. (karger.com)
  • The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this paper, we describe light and electron microscopic features of neoplasms and neoplastic cells. (int-res.com)
  • Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal proliferations of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, which can manifest as an increased number of functionally normal platelets, red blood cells (RBCs). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of disorders characterized by a proliferation of normally developed (nondysplastic) multipotent hematopoietic stem cells from the myeloid cell line . (amboss.com)
  • The discovery of JAK2 V617F and the demonstration that BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are driven by abnormal JAK2 activation have led to advances in diagnostic algorithms, prognosis and ultimately also treatment strategies. (pvreporter.com)
  • Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. (lookformedical.com)
  • Splenic hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas are neoplasms derived from the splenic vascular endothelium. (nih.gov)
  • In particular vascular vasoconstriction miming splenic infarcts in humans has never been found. (uninsubria.it)
  • Other causes of splenic congestion include cardiovascular disease, mononuclear cell leukemia in rats, and erythrocyte damage secondary to treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Therefore, US is widely used and frequently chosen as the first imaging modality for most abdominal imaging, both for general abdominal examinations and for patients suspected of having splenic diseases. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • However, to the authors' knowledge, there are not enough up-to-date ultrasonographic imaging reviews of splenic diseases [ 2 - 5 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma subtotally replacing lymph node shows that the neoplasm tends to spare lymphoid follicles. (basicmedicalkey.com)