A chronic malabsorption syndrome, occurring mainly in residents of or visitors to the tropics or subtropics. The failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients from the SMALL INTESTINE results in MALNUTRITION and ANEMIA that is due to FOLIC ACID deficiency.
A malabsorption syndrome characterized by collagenous mucosal lesions of the SMALL INTESTINE, atrophy of MICROVILLI, severe malabsorption, diarrhea, and MALNUTRITION often refractory to a gluten-free diet.
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.
Prolamins in the endosperm of SEEDS from the Triticeae tribe which includes species of WHEAT; BARLEY; and RYE.
The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.
Simple protein, one of the prolamines, derived from the gluten of wheat, rye, etc. May be separated into 4 discrete electrophoretic fractions. It is the toxic factor associated with CELIAC DISEASE.
A diet which is devoid of GLUTENS from WHEAT; BARLEY; RYE; and other wheat-related varieties. The diet is designed to reduce exposure to those proteins in gluten that trigger INFLAMMATION of the small intestinal mucosa in patients with CELIAC DISEASE.
The simplest of all peptides. It functions as a gamma-glutamyl acceptor.
Transglutaminases catalyze cross-linking of proteins at a GLUTAMINE in one chain with LYSINE in another chain. They include keratinocyte transglutaminase (TGM1 or TGK), tissue transglutaminase (TGM2 or TGC), plasma transglutaminase involved with coagulation (FACTOR XIII and FACTOR XIIIa), hair follicle transglutaminase, and prostate transglutaminase. Although structures differ, they share an active site (YGQCW) and strict CALCIUM dependence.
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.
Xylose is a monosaccharide, a type of sugar, that is commonly found in woody plants and fruits, and it is used in medical testing to assess the absorptive capacity of the small intestine.
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.
The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.
A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

Endemic tropical sprue in Rhodesia. (1/33)

The existence of tropical sprue in Africa is controversial. In this paper we present 31 cases seen in Rhodesia over a 15 month period. They have the clinical features, small intestinal morphology, malabsorption pattern, and treatment response of tropical sprue. Other causes of malabsorption, and primary malnutrition, have been excluded. The severity of the clinical state and intestinal malabsorption distinguish these patients from those we have described with tropical enteropathy. The previous work on tropical sprue in Africa is reviewed and it is apparent that, when it has been adequately looked for, it has been found. It is clear that the question of tropical sprue in Africa must be re-examined and that it existence may have hitherto been concealed by the assumption that primary malnutrition is responsible for the high prevalence of deficiency states.  (+info)

Tropical enteritis: nutritional consequences and connections with the riddle of cholera. (2/33)

One of the important consequences of the infection-nutrition interaction is mediated by malabsorption associated with chronic inflammation in the intestine, enteritis. Studies made possible after development of the peroral intestinal biopsy technique in the 1950s indicated the wide prevalence of enteropathy, particularly in tropical developing countries with poor levels of sanitation. Some consider this so-called subclinical tropical malabsorption to be the base of an iceberg, whose tip is tropical sprue, a severe form of malabsorption leading to nutritional deficiency that had been reported in colonial expatriates in tropical countries for 200 y. Some of the first demonstrations of the prevalence of tropical enteritis in Asia were made in quest of the pathologic lesion of cholera, and further examination of the water and electrolyte, as well as nutrient, malabsorption in cholera led serendipitously to the discovery of the oral rehydration solution for the treatment of diarrheal disease.  (+info)

Idiopathic enteropathy: an evaluation in rural Iran with an appraisal of nutrient loss. (3/33)

Idiopathic enteropathy in the rural population of Iran was investigated through evaluation of 100 randomly selected apparently normal subjects. The evaluation included quantitation of the nutrient loss, presence of malabsorption, and small intestinal morphological abnormalities. The results show that: 1) there was no significant loss of major nutrients, 2) severe malabsorption was not present, 3) an enteropathy of unknown etiology was found in nearly one-third of the subjects, and 4) abnormalities in morphology did not necessarily mean presence of malabsorption.  (+info)

Tropical malabsorption. (4/33)

Malabsorption is an important clinical problem both in visitors to the tropics and in native residents of tropical countries. Infections of the small intestine are the most important cause of tropical malabsorption. Protozoal infections cause malabsorption in immunocompetent hosts, but do so more commonly in the setting of immune deficiency. Helminth infections occasionally cause malabsorption or protein-losing enteropathy. Intestinal tuberculosis, chronic pancreatitis and small-bowel bacterial overgrowth are important causes of tropical malabsorption. In recent years, inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease have become major causes of malabsorption in the tropics. Sporadic tropical sprue is still an important cause of malabsorption in adults and in children in South Asia. Investigations to exclude specific infective, immunological or inflammatory causes are important before considering tropical sprue as a diagnosis. This article briefly reviews the management of tropical sprue and presents an algorithm for its investigation and management.  (+info)

13C-sucrose breath test: novel use of a noninvasive biomarker of environmental gut health. (5/33)

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Spectrum of malabsorption syndrome among adults & factors differentiating celiac disease & tropical malabsorption. (6/33)

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Aetiology of malabsorption syndrome (MAS) differs in tropical and temperate countries over time; clinical and laboratory parameters may differentiate between various causes. This study was undertaken to investigate the spectrum of MAS among Indian adults and to find out the features that may help to differentiate between TM and celiac disease. METHODS: Causes of MAS, and factors differentiating tropical malabsorption (TM) from celiac disease (CD) were determined in 275 patients. RESULTS: Using standard criteria, causes in 275 patients [age 37.5+13.2 yr, 170, (61.5%) male] were, TM 101 (37%), CD 53 (19%), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth 28 (10%), AIDS 15 (5.4%), giardiasis 13 (5%), hypogammaglobulinemia 12 (4%), intestinal tuberculosis 7 (2.5%), strongyloidiasis 6 (2%), immunoproliferative small intestinal disease 5 (2%), Crohn's disease 6 (2%), amyloidosis 4 (1.5%), intestinal lymphangiectasia 3 (1%) and unknown 22 (8%). On univariate analysis, patients with CD were younger than TM (30.6+12 vs. 39.3+12.6 yr, P<0.001), had lower body weight (41.3+11.8 vs. 49.9+11.2 kg, P<0.001), longer diarrhoea duration (median 36 inter-quartile range 17.8-120 vs. 24-months, 8-48, P<0.01), lower stool frequency (6/day, 5-8 vs. 8, 5-10, P<0.05), lower haemoglobin (9.4+3.2 vs. 10.4+2.7 g/dl, P<0.05), higher platelet count (2,58,000, range 1,35,500-3,23,500 vs. 1,60,000, 1,26,000-2,58,000/mm 3 , P<0.05), and more often had hepatomegaly (9/53, 17% vs. 4/101, 4%, P<0.01), and subtotal or partial villous atrophy (36/50, 72% vs. 28/87, 32%, P<0.001). Younger age (<35 yr), longer diarrhoea duration, higher platelet count and villous atrophy were significant on multivariate analysis. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: TM and CD are common causes of MAS among Indian adults. Younger age (<35 yr), longer diarrhoea duration, higher platelet count and villous atrophy were found to be associated with CD.  (+info)

Diarrhoea due to small bowel diseases. (7/33)

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Pathogenesis of tropical sprue: a pilot study of antroduodenal manometry, duodenocaecal transit time & fat-induced ileal brake. (8/33)

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) due to ileal brake-induced hypomotility may cause tropical sprue (TS). We evaluated effect of infusion of fat or placebo in duodenum randomly in patients with TS and healthy controls on antroduodenal manometry (ADM) and mediators of ileal brake, and duodenocaecal transit time (DCTT). METHODS: ADM and DCTT (lactulose hydrogen breath test, HBT) were evaluated with placebo and fat in eight controls and 13 patients with TS (diagnostic criteria: tests showing malabsorption of two unrelated substances, abnormal duodenal histology, absence of other causes, response to antibiotics and folate). RESULTS: Patients with TS (6 had SIBO by glucose HBT) were similar in age and gender with controls. After fat infusion, proximal gut motility index (MI) was reduced compared to fasting state in TS, and DCTT was longer in TS than controls (200 min, 120-380 vs. 130, 70-160, P=0.001), though comparable after placebo (70 min, 30-140 vs. 60, 40-90). TS patients had higher PYY and neurotensin than controls after fat infusion. DCTT after fat infusion correlated with plasma level of PYY in TS but not in controls. Post-fat PYY and neurotensin levels were higher in TS with lower BMI (<16 kg/m [2] ) than those with higher BMI. Parameters of ileal brake (post-fat DCTT, PYY and neurotensin) were higher in patients with than without SIBO. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Fat infusion reduced proximal gut MI, increased DCTT, PYY, and neurotensin among patients with TS. Malabsorbed fat might cause exaggerated ileal brake reducing gut motility, promoting SIBO and bacterial colonization and malabsorption in TS.  (+info)

Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disorder that is most commonly found in tropical or subtropical regions. It is characterized by symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue, which are caused by the impaired absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

The exact cause of tropical sprue is not known, but it is thought to be related to an infection or other environmental factor that damages the lining of the small intestine. This damage can interfere with the absorption of nutrients, particularly fat-soluble vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, iron, and folate.

Tropical sprue is typically treated with a combination of antibiotics to eliminate any potential infectious causes, as well as a diet that is high in nutrients and low in fat. In severe cases, supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins and other nutrients may be necessary. With appropriate treatment, most people with tropical sprue are able to recover and manage their symptoms.

Collagenous sprue, also known as collagenous colitis, is a medical condition that affects the inner lining of the colon. It is characterized by inflammation and the accumulation of collagen, a protein that provides structure to tissues and organs, beneath the epithelial cells of the colon.

Collagenous sprue is a type of microscopic colitis, which means that it can only be diagnosed through a biopsy of the colon tissue. The exact cause of collagenous sprue is not known, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response or an injury to the lining of the colon.

Symptoms of collagenous sprue may include chronic watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and nausea. In some cases, people with collagenous sprue may also experience weight loss and fatigue. The condition is more common in middle-aged women and tends to affect the distal colon, which is the part of the colon closest to the rectum.

Treatment for collagenous sprue typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and control diarrhea, such as anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and bulking agents. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a portion of the colon. Collagenous sprue is generally not considered a life-threatening condition, but it can significantly impact quality of life and lead to complications such as dehydration and malnutrition if left untreated.

Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder in which the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, leads to damage in the small intestine. In people with celiac disease, their immune system reacts to gluten by attacking the lining of the small intestine, leading to inflammation and destruction of the villi - finger-like projections that help absorb nutrients from food.

This damage can result in various symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, anemia, and malnutrition. Over time, if left untreated, celiac disease can lead to serious health complications, including osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and even certain types of cancer.

The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all foods, beverages, and products that contain gluten. With proper management, individuals with celiac disease can lead healthy lives and prevent further intestinal damage and related health complications.

"Gluten" is not strictly defined as a medical term, but it refers to a group of proteins found in certain grains, including wheat, barley, and rye. Gluten gives these grains their elasticity and helps them maintain their shape, making it possible to bake breads and other baked goods.

From a medical perspective, gluten is significant because some people have adverse reactions to it. The two main conditions related to gluten are celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. In both cases, consuming gluten can lead to various symptoms such as gastrointestinal distress, fatigue, and skin rashes.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten causes damage to the small intestine lining, impairing nutrient absorption. On the other hand, non-celiac gluten sensitivity does not involve an immune response or intestinal damage but can still cause uncomfortable symptoms in some individuals.

It is essential to understand that a gluten-free diet should be medically recommended and supervised by healthcare professionals for those diagnosed with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, as it may lead to nutritional deficiencies if not properly managed.

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption that occurs in the small intestine, particularly carbohydrates, proteins, and some fats. The jejunum is characterized by its smooth muscle structure, which allows it to contract and mix food with digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients through its extensive network of finger-like projections called villi.

The jejunum is also lined with microvilli, which further increase the surface area available for absorption. Additionally, the jejunum contains numerous lymphatic vessels called lacteals, which help to absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream. Overall, the jejunum plays a critical role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

Gliadin is a protein fraction found in gluten, a complex protein that's present in certain grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. It is particularly known for its role in celiac disease, a disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine.

Gliadin, along with another protein fraction called glutenin, makes up gluten. Gliadin is responsible for the elastic properties of dough. When water is added to flour and mixed, these proteins form a sticky network that gives dough its characteristic texture and allows it to rise and maintain its shape during baking.

In individuals with celiac disease, the immune system recognizes gliadin as a foreign invader and mounts an immune response against it. This response leads to inflammation and damage in the small intestine, preventing the absorption of nutrients from food. Over time, this can lead to various health complications if not properly managed through a gluten-free diet.

A gluten-free diet is a diet that excludes the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This type of diet is often recommended for individuals with celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, or wheat allergies. Adhering to a strict gluten-free diet can help manage symptoms, heal intestinal damage, and prevent further complications associated with these conditions.

The medical definition of 'Diet, Gluten-Free' includes:

1. Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Following a gluten-free diet is crucial for individuals with celiac disease to prevent symptoms and associated health complications.
2. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): A condition where individuals experience adverse reactions to gluten, but do not test positive for celiac disease or wheat allergy. A gluten-free diet can help alleviate symptoms in those with NCGS.
3. Wheat Allergy: An allergic reaction to proteins found in wheat, which may include gluten. Excluding gluten from the diet can help manage symptoms in individuals with wheat allergy.
4. Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH): A skin manifestation of celiac disease characterized by an itchy, blistering rash. A gluten-free diet is often recommended to control DH symptoms and prevent intestinal damage.
5. Gluten Ataxia: A neurological disorder associated with celiac disease where gluten ingestion can cause issues with balance, coordination, and speech. A gluten-free diet may help improve these symptoms in individuals with gluten ataxia.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian for guidance on following a gluten-free diet to ensure proper nutrition and to avoid cross-contamination from gluten sources.

Glycylglycine is not a medical condition or term, but rather it is a chemical compound. It is a dipeptide, which means it is composed of two amino acids linked together. Specifically, glycylglycine consists of two glycine molecules joined by an amide bond (also known as a peptide bond) between the carboxyl group of one glycine and the amino group of the other glycine.

Glycylglycine is often used in laboratory research as a buffer, a substance that helps maintain a stable pH level in a solution. It has a relatively simple structure and is not naturally found in significant amounts in living organisms.

Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the post-translational modification of proteins by forming isopeptide bonds between the carboxamide group of peptide-bound glutamine residues and the ε-amino group of lysine residues. This process is known as transamidation or cross-linking. Transglutaminases play important roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. There are several types of transglutaminases, such as tissue transglutaminase (TG2), factor XIII, and blood coagulation factor XIIIA. Abnormal activity or expression of these enzymes has been implicated in various diseases, such as celiac disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic, autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is characterized by the presence of symmetrical, pruritic (itchy), papulo-vesicular (papules and small fluid-filled blisters) eruptions on the extensor surfaces of the body, such as the elbows, knees, buttocks, and shoulders. It is often associated with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, a condition that causes an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.

The exact cause of DH is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from the interaction between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The disorder is characterized by the presence of IgA antibodies in the skin, which trigger an immune response that leads to the formation of the characteristic rash.

DH is typically treated with a gluten-free diet, which can help to control the symptoms and prevent complications such as malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies. Medications such as dapsone may also be used to control the itching and blistering associated with the disorder. In some cases, topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms.

It is important to note that DH is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and monitoring. People with DH should work closely with their healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan and monitor their progress over time.

Xylose is a type of sugar that is commonly found in plants and wood. In the context of medical definitions, xylose is often used in tests to assess the function of the small intestine. The most common test is called the "xylose absorption test," which measures the ability of the small intestine to absorb this sugar.

In this test, a patient is given a small amount of xylose to drink, and then several blood and/or urine samples are collected over the next few hours. The amount of xylose that appears in these samples is measured and used to determine how well the small intestine is absorbing nutrients.

Abnormal results on a xylose absorption test can indicate various gastrointestinal disorders, such as malabsorption syndromes, celiac disease, or bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.

The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.

In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.

Malabsorption syndromes refer to a group of disorders in which the small intestine is unable to properly absorb nutrients from food, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. This can result from a variety of underlying conditions, including:

1. Mucosal damage: Conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or bacterial overgrowth that cause damage to the lining of the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption.
2. Pancreatic insufficiency: A lack of digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas can lead to poor breakdown and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Examples include chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis.
3. Bile acid deficiency: Insufficient bile acids, which are necessary for fat emulsification and absorption, can result in steatorrhea (fatty stools) and malabsorption. This may occur due to liver dysfunction, gallbladder removal, or ileal resection.
4. Motility disorders: Abnormalities in small intestine motility can affect nutrient absorption, as seen in conditions like gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, or scleroderma.
5. Structural abnormalities: Congenital or acquired structural defects of the small intestine, such as short bowel syndrome, may lead to malabsorption.
6. Infections: Certain bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause transient malabsorption by damaging the intestinal mucosa or altering gut flora.

Symptoms of malabsorption syndromes may include diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating, abdominal cramps, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, radiologic imaging, and sometimes endoscopic procedures to identify the underlying cause. Treatment is focused on addressing the specific etiology and providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The small intestine is the portion of the gastrointestinal tract that extends from the pylorus of the stomach to the beginning of the large intestine (cecum). It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. The small intestine is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

1. Duodenum: This is the shortest and widest part of the small intestine, approximately 10 inches long. It receives chyme (partially digested food) from the stomach and begins the process of further digestion with the help of various enzymes and bile from the liver and pancreas.
2. Jejunum: The jejunum is the middle section, which measures about 8 feet in length. It has a large surface area due to the presence of circular folds (plicae circulares), finger-like projections called villi, and microvilli on the surface of the absorptive cells (enterocytes). These structures increase the intestinal surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water.
3. Ileum: The ileum is the longest and final section of the small intestine, spanning about 12 feet. It continues the absorption process, mainly of vitamin B12, bile salts, and any remaining nutrients. At the end of the ileum, there is a valve called the ileocecal valve that prevents backflow of contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

The primary function of the small intestine is to absorb the majority of nutrients, electrolytes, and water from ingested food. The mucosal lining of the small intestine contains numerous goblet cells that secrete mucus, which protects the epithelial surface and facilitates the movement of chyme through peristalsis. Additionally, the small intestine hosts a diverse community of microbiota, which contributes to various physiological functions, including digestion, immunity, and protection against pathogens.

Enteritis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for digesting and absorbing nutrients from food, so inflammation in this area can interfere with these processes and lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Enteritis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections, parasites, autoimmune disorders, medications, and exposure to toxins. In some cases, the cause of enteritis may be unknown. Treatment for enteritis depends on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs, anti-inflammatory medications, or supportive care such as fluid replacement therapy.

Erythritol is a type of sugar alcohol (a carbohydrate that is metabolized differently than other sugars) used as a sugar substitute in food and drinks. It has about 0.24 calories per gram and contains almost no carbohydrates or sugar, making it a popular choice for people with diabetes or those following low-carb diets. Erythritol is naturally found in some fruits and fermented foods, but most commercial erythritol is made from cornstarch. It has a sweet taste similar to sugar but contains fewer calories and does not raise blood sugar levels.

Sphingomonas is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment. They are known for their ability to degrade various organic compounds and are often found in water, soil, and air samples. The cells of Sphingomonas species are typically straight or slightly curved rods, and they do not form spores.

One distinctive feature of Sphingomonas species is the presence of a unique lipid called sphingolipid in their cell membranes. This lipid contains a long-chain base called sphingosine, which is not found in the cell membranes of other gram-negative bacteria. The genus Sphingomonas includes several species that have been associated with human infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. These infections can include bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. However, Sphingomonas species are generally considered to be of low virulence and are not typically regarded as major pathogens.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach. It is a C-shaped structure that is about 10-12 inches long and is responsible for continuing the digestion process that begins in the stomach. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach through the pyloric valve and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile produced by the pancreas and liver, respectively. These enzymes help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules, allowing for efficient absorption in the remaining sections of the small intestine.

... so tropical sprue may be triggered in susceptible individuals following an acute enteric infection. Diagnosis of tropical sprue ... Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and ... Other conditions which can resemble tropical sprue need to be differentiated. Coeliac disease (also known as coeliac sprue or ... Cook GC (1984). "Aetiology and pathogenesis of postinfective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue)". Lancet. 1 (8379): 721-3 ...
Examples include tropical sprue.: 49 Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) is the recurrent appearance of mouth ulcers in ...
It contains the first description of tropical sprue. Other writings were: An Enquiry into the … Medicinal Virtues of Lincomb ... William Hillary M.D. (1697-1763) was an English physician, known as an author on tropical diseases. Hillary's background was a ...
... tropical sprue and anemia in Trinidad, as well as Puerto Rico at the School of Tropical Medicine, where he worked with William ... George C. Payne (also known as G.C. Payne) was an American tropical physician and director for the International Health Board ... "The Porto Rican School of Tropical Medicine". Science. 64 (1657): 322-323. 1926. doi:10.1126/science.64.1657.322.b. ISSN 0036- ... Castle, W. B. (1935-10-01). "Etiology and Treatment of Sprue". Archives of Internal Medicine. 56 (4): 627. doi:10.1001/archinte ...
These conditions include tropical sprue and nontropical sprue (celiac disease). Inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, ...
The cause of tropical sprue has still not been identified, but since the 1940s, it can be treated with folic acid and a 3 to 6- ... If they did develop tropical sprue, he could treat it with liver extract. Castle wanted to perform a similar study in Cidra, in ... He built on his research on anemia and tropical sprue. In 1934, Rhoads and another researcher published results of the success ... Because of the effects of anemia and the suspicion that tropical sprue was related to diet, Rhoads experimentally controlled ...
In 1938, he published his scientific findings on tropical sprue. In 1927, the institution offered courses in tropical medicine ... Suárez Calderon identified the proper and effective treatment of a type of anemia known as tropical sprue, the application of ... In 1931, William B. Castle and his assistant Cornelius P. Rhoads studied hookworm and tropical sprue in relation to anemia. ... The School of Tropical Medicine (Spanish: Escuela de Medicina Tropical), was an educational institution created in 1926 by an ...
A student of Madras Medical College, his elder brother and younger brother both died due to tropical sprue in the span of 8 ... He subsequently discovered folic acid as a cure for tropical sprue. He discovered methotrexate, a chemotherapy drug still used ...
In 1938, Suárez Calderon published his scientific findings on the Tropical Sprue. In 1940, Suárez Calderón was named director ... In 1945, Suárez Calderón published his findings in the effective treatment of Tropical Sprue associated anemia with the ... Ashford assumed a full-time faculty position at the School of Tropical Medicine and continued his interest in tropical medicine ... whose investigations led him to identify the proper and effective treatment of a specific disease known as tropical sprue. He ...
Spies experimented with the use of folic acid and other vitamins in the treatment of tropical sprue, which was a deadly disease ... Later, he also made a large contribution to finding cure for tropical sprue. For his efforts in elimination of pellagra, Time ... tropical sprue, and pernicious anaemia. The Lancet, Volume 252, Issue 6527, Pages 519-522, 2 October 1948 JAMA: DR. SPIES ... pellagra in the southern United States and tropical sprue in Cuba and Puerto Rico have been virtually eliminated. Perhaps his ...
A link between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and tropical sprue has been proposed to be involved as a cause of post- ... Ghoshal UC, Gwee KA (July 2017). "Post-infectious IBS, tropical sprue and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: the missing ... Spiegel BM, DeRosa VP, Gralnek IM, Wang V, Dulai GS (June 2004). "Testing for celiac sprue in irritable bowel syndrome with ... The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 66 (6): 799-803. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.799. PMID 12224595. Stark D, ...
They showed that tropical sprue was caused by intestinal impermeability to this and other hematopoietic factors in food. They ... Anemia was widespread on the island because of the endemic parasite hookworm and tropical sprue, the latter a disease which ... were able to use liver extract therapy to treat tropical sprue successfully. It is still a problem in Puerto Rico, but it can ... American tropical physicians, Members of the American Philosophical Society). ...
... "tropical sprue". In his description, he said that it was "endemic cachexia of the tropical countries that are subject to ... Cook, G C (1 August 2001). "William Twining (1790-1835): The First Accurate Clinical Descriptions of "Tropical Sprue" and Kala- ...
Such patients include those with celiac disease, tropical sprue, Whipple disease, stasis syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. It is ...
In 1921, Buck's mother died of a tropical disease, sprue, and shortly afterward her father moved in. In 1924, they left China ...
... also known as sprue, a disease of the small intestine Tropical sprue, disease Sprue Asparagus, first pickings of asparagus This ... Look up sprue in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A sprue may refer to: Sprue (manufacturing), a feature in molding and casting ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sprue. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
For many years this was inadequately distinguished from coeliac disease, which was also known as non-tropical sprue. 1866: ... is likely to have been tropical sprue. ...
Fairley also carried out pioneering work on Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis). His main interest was tropical sprue, but he ... In London he became consulting physician to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Wellcome Professor of Tropical Medicine at ... to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases and Wellcome Professor of Tropical Medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical ... Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine 1950 Manson Medal, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1951 James Cook Medal, ...
OGD to detect duodenal pathology and obtain D2 biopsy (for coeliac disease, tropical sprue, Whipple's disease, ...
Underwood was a widow when she died in 1921, aged 70, in Korea, from the effects of tropical sprue. Her grave is in Seoul's ...
... or tropical sprue.[citation needed] Gastric cancer can occur as a result of many factors. It occurs twice as commonly in males ...
The villous atrophy seen on biopsy may also be due to unrelated causes, such as tropical sprue, giardiasis and radiation ... Macdonald WC, Dobbins WO, Rubin CE (1965). "Studies of the familial nature of celiac sprue using biopsy of the small intestine ... A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity ('celiac sprue')". Gastroenterology. 102 (1): 330 ... "American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Celiac Sprue". Gastroenterology. 120 (6): 1522-5. 2001. ...
While in Central America, Christmas began to suffer from tropical sprue, and returned to the United States in hopes of ...
... upon an invitation by Tea Planter's Association to investigate tropical sprue. Other physicians had reported that the causative ... Originally titled Tropical Diseases: A Manual of Diseases of Warm Climate, a standard textbook in tropical medicine, it is ... Following his father-in-law, he devoted much of his career to tropical medicine. He was a Consulting Physician, and held high ... He changed his birth name to Manson-Bahr after marrying Edith Margaret Manson, daughter of the doyen of tropical medicine Sir ...
Pérez Santiago to establish a research center at the Rodriguez Military Hospital in San Juan for studying the Tropical sprue, ... After serving in the Army Medical Corps he joined the Tropical School of Medicine to do his residency in internal medicine. At ... There were many leading research doctors doing their army internship, studying the cause and treatment of the sprue. Dr. Pérez ... Thomas Sheehy, published one of the first studies of the treatment of sprue with antibiotics and other alternatives. In 1960 ...
Following Korea, he returned to Walter Reed and established a "Sprue Team" in Puerto Rico to study that tropical disease of the ... sprue). In addition he studied methods of blood transfusions and the quality of available blood and concluded that the ...
These include celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth, tropical sprue, Giardiasis (a protozoan parasite infection), Zollinger- ...
... and sprue was original and of first rate quality; but his administrative gifts and their contribution to tropical hygiene were ... tropical sprue' they had worked on earlier.. In 1937 Mackie joined Imperial Airways as Medical Advisor, becoming Chief Medical ... he joined the staff of the London School of Tropical Medicine (now the London Hospital for Tropical Diseases) as pathologist ... A History of Tropical Medicine: Based on the FitzPatrick Lectures, Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London: ...
... infective tropical sprue, and congenital or surgical short bowel syndrome. Other rarer diseases affecting the small intestine ...
He went home on leave in 1918, suffering from sprue and inflammation of the liver, and was invalided out of the Colonial ... He spent considerable time in Eversleigh Hospital for Tropical Diseases suffering from pernicious anaemia. Jaffe died in ...
... so tropical sprue may be triggered in susceptible individuals following an acute enteric infection. Diagnosis of tropical sprue ... Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and ... Other conditions which can resemble tropical sprue need to be differentiated. Coeliac disease (also known as coeliac sprue or ... Cook GC (1984). "Aetiology and pathogenesis of postinfective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue)". Lancet. 1 (8379): 721-3 ...
... popularly known as tropical sprue. As no study on PI-IBS has rigorously excluded tropical sprue by appropriate investigations, ... Post-infectious IBS, tropical sprue and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: the missing link Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. ... SIBO is also known to be associated with tropical sprue. As both IBS, particularly the subset probably associated with SIBO, ... and tropical sprue improve with antibiotic treatment, we provide evidence and an explanatory model to support a link among ...
Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. It ... Tropical Sprue. Tropical sprue (hematoxylin-eosin [H&E], original magnification ×10). View Media Gallery ... encoded search term (Tropical Sprue) and Tropical Sprue What to Read Next on Medscape ... Subsequently, tropical sprue was described in tropical climates throughout the world. The definition has been expanded to ...
Learn and reinforce your understanding of Tropical sprue. ... Tropical sprue Videos, Flashcards, High Yield Notes, & Practice ... Just like the other "sprue" diseases, like celiac sprue which is more often known as celiac disease, in tropical sprue the ... The biggest clue is that tropical sprue seems to mostly affect individuals living in the the tropical regions of the world, ... AETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF POSTINFECTIVE TROPICAL MALABSORPTION (TROPICAL SPRUE) The Lancet (1984) ...
Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. It ... encoded search term (Tropical Sprue) and Tropical Sprue What to Read Next on Medscape ... a condition for which tropical sprue is often mistaken. The study, which involved 12 patients with tropical sprue and 150 cases ... Aetiology and pathogenesis of postinfective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). Lancet. 1984 Mar 31. 1(8379):721-3. [QxMD ...
Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. It ... encoded search term (Tropical Sprue) and Tropical Sprue What to Read Next on Medscape ... Subsequently, tropical sprue was described in tropical climates throughout the world. The definition has been expanded to ... Aetiology and pathogenesis of postinfective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). Lancet. 1984 Mar 31. 1(8379):721-3. [QxMD ...
Tropical Sprue & Brainerd Diarrhea. Persistent TD also has been associated with tropical sprue and Brainerd diarrhea. Tropical ... The incidence of tropical sprue appears to have declined dramatically over the past 2 decades. Diagnosed only rarely in ... sprue is associated with deficiencies of vitamins absorbed in the proximal and distal small bowel and most commonly affects ... long-term travelers to tropical areas, as the name implies. ...
Tropical Sprue - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical Professional ... Etiology of Tropical Sprue Tropical sprue occurs chiefly in the Caribbean, southern India, and Southeast Asia, affecting both ... Treatment of tropical sprue is tetracycline 250 mg orally 4 times a day for 1 or 2 months, then 3 times a day for up to 6 ... Tropical sprue is a malabsorption syndrome Overview of Malabsorption Malabsorption is inadequate assimilation of dietary ...
Dive into the research topics of Tropical sprue: a review (Part-II).. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Mesenteric angiography of non-tropical sprue. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1975 Oct. 125(2):442-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... encoded search term (Celiac Disease (Sprue) Imaging) and Celiac Disease (Sprue) Imaging What to Read Next on Medscape ... Sprue. Spot radiograph from a small-bowel series in the same patient as in the previous image in Multimedia shows close-up of ... Sprue. Spot radiograph from a small-bowel series in the same patient as in the previous image in Multimedia shows close-up of ...
Tropical sprue. *Whipple disease The inflammation can also involve the stomach (gastritis) and large intestine (colitis). ...
Tropical sprue K90.2 Blind loop syndrome, not elsewhere classified K90.3 Pancreatic steatorrhea ...
Harvard Health Publishing: "Celiac Disease (Non-Tropical Sprue).". National Organization for Rare Disorders: "Refractory Celiac ... Its also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. ...
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Tropical Sprue * Twisted Ankle * Twitching * Type 1 Diabetes * Type 2 Diabetes * Underweight ...
Tropical Sprue * Twisted Ankle * Twitching * Type 1 Diabetes * Type 2 Diabetes * Underweight ...
Tropical sprue Diffuse + − − − − + + − − − − N *Fat soluble vitamin deficiency. *Hypoalbuminemia. *Fecal stool test ...
Categories: Sprue, Tropical Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 ...
Tropical sprue Diffuse + − − − − + + − − − − N *Fat soluble vitamin deficiency. *Hypoalbuminemia. *Fecal stool test ...
These conditions include tropical sprue, and nontropical sprue (idiopathic steatorrhea, gluten-induced enteropathy). Folate ...
Infectious diseases such as Whipples disease and tropical sprue.. *Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and ...
Other causes of vitamin deficiency include medications, alcohol abuse, and intestinal diseases such as tropical sprue. ...
Tropical sprue is a well documented condition with a special geographical distribution. This paper describes five patients with ...
... tropical sprue) ... Nutritional, or tropical, chronic pancreatitis - Rare in the ...
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Celiac disease - also known as celiac sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and non-tropical sprue - can cause a wide variety of ...
... tropical and nontropical sprue. It is apparent that in VITAMIN B12 (liver-stomach concentrate with intrinsic factor) deficiency ...
These include: Celiac disease Tropical sprue Crohn disease Whipple disease Damage from radiation treatments Overgrowth of ... Damage from radiation therapy Celiac disease Tropical sprue Whipple disease The inflammation can also involve the stomach ( ...
... malabsorption syndromes such as celiac sprue. tropical sprue, disaccharidase deficiency, and pancreatic insufficiency) and ... Celiac disease, tropical sprue, pancreatic insufficiency, and other causes of carbohydrate malabsorption should also be ...
Whipples disease, tropical sprue, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis are some of the rare conditions that can lead to ... The most common small bowel disease in the U.S. is celiac disease, also called celiac sprue. Crohns disease can also involve ...
  • It's also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy. (webmd.com)
  • These conditions include tropical sprue, and nontropical sprue (idiopathic steatorrhea, gluten-induced enteropathy). (drugs.com)
  • It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions ), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. (nih.gov)
  • Lo A, Guelrud M, Essenfeld H, Bonis P. Classification of villous atrophy with enhanced magnification endoscopy in patients with celiac disease and tropical sprue. (medscape.com)
  • MATERIAL: 94 patients, aged more than 12 years, presenting with Chronic diarrhoea and malabsorption syndrome were analyzed by clinical presentation, endoscopic and histopathological examination.The spectrum of disease in these patients and features differentiating celiac disease and tropical sprue are reported here. (bvsalud.org)
  • Coeliac disease (also known as coeliac sprue or gluten sensitive enteropathy), has similar symptoms to tropical sprue, with the flattening of the villi and small intestine inflammation and is caused by an autoimmune disorder in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by ingested gluten. (wikipedia.org)
  • Environmental enteropathy is a less severe, subclinical condition similar to tropical sprue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brown et al compared the histologic changes found in tropical sprue with those occurring in gluten-sensitive enteropathy, a condition for which tropical sprue is often mistaken. (medscape.com)
  • The study, which involved 12 patients with tropical sprue and 150 cases of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, identified no complete villous blunting in the duodenal mucosa of the tropical sprue patients, although partial blunting occurred in 75% of them. (medscape.com)
  • If villous atrophy persists or the initial diagnosis of celiac disease was not confirmed, consider other causes of villous atrophy, including common variable immunodeficiency, autoimmune enteropathy, tropical sprue and medication-induced enteropathy. (gastro.org)
  • Tropical sprue (TS) is a syndrome characterized by acute or chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption of nutrients. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The first description of tropical sprue is attributed to William Hillary's 1759 account of his observations of chronic diarrhea while in Barbados. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical malabsorption and tropical diarrhea. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent TD also has been associated with tropical sprue and Brainerd diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • Whipple's disease, tropical sprue, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis are some of the rare conditions that can lead to malabsorption diarrhea. (gi.org)
  • noun (2) Definition of sprue (Entry 2 of 2) 1 : a disease of tropical regions that is of unknown cause and is characterized by fatty diarrhea and malabsorption of nutrients. (draftlessig.org)
  • Inflammatory bowel disease must be differentiated from other diseases that present with abdominal pain , fever and diarrhea which include appendicitis , diverticulitis , Whipple's disease , mesenteric ischemia , Tropical sprue , hepatitis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis . (wikidoc.org)
  • A link between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and tropical sprue has been proposed to be involved in the aetiology of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Intestinal immunologic dysfunction, including deficiencies in secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), may predispose people to malabsorption and bacterial colonization, so tropical sprue may be triggered in susceptible individuals following an acute enteric infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • As no study on PI-IBS has rigorously excluded tropical sprue by appropriate investigations, including small intestinal biopsy, the frequency of tropical sprue among patients with PI-IBS is not known. (nih.gov)
  • The exact causative factor of tropical sprue is unknown, but an intestinal microbial infection is believed to be the initiating insult. (medscape.com)
  • Enterotoxigenic intestinal bacteria in tropical sprue. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with tropical sprue were older and more often normal duodenal epithelium. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tropical sprue is a gastrointestinal disease that results in malabsorption of nutrients and water. (osmosis.org)
  • Tropical sprue is a condition that affects the small intestine and is characterized by malabsorption of nutrients, particularly vitamin B12 and folate. (osmosis.org)
  • The symptoms of tropical sprue are: Diarrhoea Steatorrhoea or fatty stool (often foul-smelling and whitish in colour) Indigestion Cramps Weight loss and malnutrition Fatigue Left untreated, nutrient and vitamin deficiencies may develop in patients with tropical sprue. (wikipedia.org)
  • These deficiencies may have these symptoms: Vitamin A deficiency: hyperkeratosis or skin scales Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies: anaemia, numbness, and tingling sensation Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies: spasm, bone pain, muscle weakness Vitamin K deficiency: bruises The cause of tropical sprue is not known. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of tropical sprue can be complicated because many diseases have similar symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tropical sprue is suspected in people who live in or have visited areas where the disease is endemic and who have megaloblastic anemia and symptoms of malabsorption. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dutta AK, Chacko A, Avinash B. Suboptimal performance of IgG anti-tissue transglutaminase in the diagnosis of celiac disease in a tropical country. (medscape.com)
  • Small-bowel series and enteroclysis are the preferred radiographic examinations for the diagnosis of celiac sprue. (medscape.com)
  • Complications of tropical sprue include anemia, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical Sprue and Malnutrition in West Bengal. (medscape.com)
  • However, up to 25% of patients may not have enough findings for a confident diagnosis, and a small percentage of patients may have multiple findings that are radiographically suggestive of celiac sprue with negative biopsy results. (medscape.com)
  • The investigators also found that in the appropriate clinical context, tropical sprue is indicated by involvement of the terminal ileum, with greater inflammation and villous blunting than in the duodenum, and by the presence, in the lamina propria, of a conspicuous eosinophil infiltrate. (medscape.com)
  • However, following acute infectious gastroenteritis, patients can also develop post-infectious malabsorption syndrome (PI-MAS), popularly known as tropical sprue. (nih.gov)
  • Hormone enteroglucagon and motilin levels are elevated in patients with tropical sprue. (medscape.com)
  • Prognosis is generally good for patients with tropical sprue. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike in celiac disease, anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG) and anti-endomysial antibody (EMA) are negative in patients with tropical sprue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Radiographic findings of celiac sprue are present in virtually all patients in the clinically active phase of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with a dilated pancreatic duct, a Roux-en-Y side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy is indicated. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment for tropical sprue typically involves using antibiotics to reduce bacterial overgrowth, and nutrition replacement to deal with specific deficiencies like folate and Vitamin B12. (osmosis.org)
  • The use of folic acid and vitamin B12 in the treatment of tropical sprue was promoted in the late 1940s by Dr. Tom Spies of the University of Alabama, while conducting his research in Cuba and Puerto Rico. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, although tropical sprue is commonly reported in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, it is not reported in Jamaica. (medscape.com)
  • Twenty-seven individual studies on various aspects of tropical sprue were published in the Puerto Rico Journal of Public Health and Tropical Medicine from 1925 to 1949. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tropical sprue is a malabsorption disease commonly found in tropical regions, marked with abnormal flattening of the villi and inflammation of the lining of the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Just like the other " sprue " diseases, like celiac sprue which is more often known as celiac disease , in tropical sprue the villi of the small intestine become flattened, but the exact cause isn't known. (osmosis.org)
  • Tropical sprue is associated with deficiencies of vitamins absorbed in the proximal and distal small bowel and most commonly affects long-term travelers to tropical areas, as the name implies. (cdc.gov)
  • The prognosis for tropical sprue may be excellent after treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tropical sprue (hematoxylin-eosin [H&E], original magnification ×10). (medscape.com)
  • Once diagnosed, tropical sprue can be treated by a course of the antibiotic tetracycline or sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) for 3 to 6 months. (wikipedia.org)
  • As both IBS, particularly the subset probably associated with SIBO, and tropical sprue improve with antibiotic treatment, we provide evidence and an explanatory model to support a link among these disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Our current understanding of tropical sprue is that it is a malabsorption syndrome that responds to treatment with folic acid and a broad spectra antibiotic. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the years my research interests and publications involved bile acid metabolism in tropical sprue, regulation of gastric secretion of Pepsinogen and Intrinsic Factor, Vitamin B12 absorption, and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the detection of dysplasia in the colon. (yale.edu)
  • Tropical sprue is a rare acquired disease, probably of infectious etiology, characterized by malabsorption and megaloblastic anemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A recognized complication of celiac sprue and can occur when the body's ability to fight infectious diseases is compromised or entirely absent. (sils.com.sg)
  • One of the speakers was Raman Velayudhan, PhD, the unit head of the WHO's Global Program on the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases for coordinating the dengue and arbovirus initiatives. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical sprue occurs in geographically limited areas. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical sprue occurs in both epidemic and endemic forms, primarily in Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. (medscape.com)
  • Tropical sprue occurs chiefly in the Caribbean, southern India, and Southeast Asia, affecting both natives and visitors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Preventive measures for visitors to tropical areas where the condition exists include steps to reduce the likelihood of gastroenteritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Common findings in celiac sprue include dilatation of the small intestine lumen, intussusception, hypersecretion, segmentation, a mosaic pattern, and jejunoileal fold-pattern reversal. (medscape.com)
  • This article summarizes significant findings, presented chronologically, and speculates on the direction of future investigations into tropical sprue. (bvsalud.org)
  • A diameter of sprue base should be 1 to 2 times bigger than the thickness, if the thickness is not enough. (draftlessig.org)
  • Tropical sprue is common in the Caribbean, Central and South America, and India and southeast Asia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biggest clue is that tropical sprue seems to mostly affect individuals living in the the tropical regions of the world, like the Caribbean, India, and Southeast Asia. (osmosis.org)
  • Although etiology is unclear, tropical sprue is thought to result from chronic infection of the small bowel by toxigenic strains of coliform bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tropical sprue is a well documented condition with a special geographical distribution. (bmj.com)
  • Sprue, nontropical: This condition results from an immune (allergic) reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat and related grains and present in many foods that we eat. (draftlessig.org)
  • When multiple findings of sprue are present on small-bowel follow-though or enteroclysis, the diagnosis is fairly specific. (medscape.com)
  • The most common small bowel disease in the U.S. is celiac disease, also called celiac sprue. (gi.org)
  • Sprue causes impaired absorption and digestion of nutrients through the small intestine. (draftlessig.org)
  • Tropical sprue is largely limited to within about 30 degrees north and south of the equator. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other conditions which can resemble tropical sprue need to be differentiated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tropical sprue was responsible for one-sixth of all casualties sustained by the Allied forces in India and Southeast Asia during World War II. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tropical sprue appears to be declining globally. (medscape.com)
  • One unusual feature is that tropical sprue appears to be limited to certain geographic areas, even within the tropics. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of tropical sprue appears to have declined dramatically over the past 2 decades. (cdc.gov)