Stomach
Splenic Rupture
Aortic Rupture
Heart Rupture
Uterine Rupture
Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
Gastric rupture secondary to successful Heimlich manoeuvre. (1/35)
A fatal case of gastric rupture following the Heimlich manoeuvre is reported. This life-threatening complication has only been reported previously in seven patients with a high mortality rate. All patients should be assessed immediately following this manoeuvre for any potentially life-threatening complications. (+info)Localized avascular necrosis of lesser curve of stomach complicating highly selective vagotomy. (2/35)
The fourth case of localized avascular necrosis of the lesser curve of the stomach after highly selective vagotomy is reported. The pathogeneses was probably related to the relative poverty of the submucosal blood supply along the lesser curve. This complication may be prevented by peritonealizing the lesser curve before closing the abdominal wall. (+info)Gastric necrosis and perforation as a complication of splenectomy. Case report and related references. (3/35)
Necrosis of the stomach after isolated splenectomy with the formation of gastrocutaneous fistula is a rare event that occurs in less than 1% of splenectomies. It is more frequent when the removal of the spleen is done because of hematological diseases. Its mortality index can reach 60% and its pathogenesis is controversial, as it may be attributed both to direct trauma of the gastric wall and to ischemic phenomena. Although the stomach may exhibit exuberant arterial blood irrigation, anatomical variations can cause a predisposition towards the appearance of potentially ischemic areas, especially after ligation of the short gastric vessels around the major curvature of the stomach. Once this is diagnosed in the immediate postoperative period, it becomes imperative to reoperate. The surgical procedure will depend on the conditions of the peritoneal cavity and patient's clinic status. The objective of this study was to report on the case of a patient submitted to splenectomy because of closed abdominal traumatism, who then presented peritonitis and percutaneous gastric fistula in the post-operative period. During the second operation, perforations were identified in anterior gastric wall where there had been signs of vascular stress. The lesion was sutured after revival of its borders, and the patient had good evolution. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment of this unusual complication are needed to reduce its high mortality rate. (+info)Spontaneous gastric rupture in the newborn: a clinical review of nineteen cases. (4/35)
The term "spontaneous gastric rupture" is used to describe our cases of neonatal gastric perforation. Nineteen such neonates are reviewed. Current opinions regarding the possible etiology is included in the discussion. Neonatal asphyxia was the most commonly seen predisposing cause in our series (63%). Roentgenograms of the abdomen are most helpful in making a positive diagnosis. Surgical repair is the treatment of choice. All the surviving patients in our series underwent surgical repair. The need for gastrostomy during surgery should be individualized. The mortality was 27% in the cases operated since 1970; a significant improvement as compared to a mortality rate of 62% for the cases operated before 1970. (+info)Gastric rupture caused by acute gastric distention in non-neonatal children: clinical analysis of 3 cases. (5/35)
OBJECTIVE: To study gastric rupture, a progressive, rapid and high mortality condition, caused by acute gastric distention (GRAGD) and its appropriate diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and experiences in 3 children with GRAGD were reviewed. RESULTS: Case 1: After diagnosing GRAGD and stabilizing her shock with massive fluid replacement, gastrostomy was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful because of fasting, suction, fluid infusion, correction of acidosis and supporting nutrition. Case 2: After diagnosing gastric distention which subsided with conservative therapy for 9 days, she suddenly had gastric rupture when she had not eaten for 6 days. She died of shock and had no chance for surgery. Case 3: The patient had sudden abdominal pain, distention and vomiting with severe shock for 4 days. Emergency surgery found gastric rupture and the method was the same as Case 1. The patient survived but has brain impairment. Case 1 and 3 showed multifocal transmural necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms like overeating, bulimia, changes in kind of food, X-ray showing large distended stomach and massive pneumoperitoneum were seen after gastric rupture and can help to diagnose this condition. Clinical course of gastric distention with toxic shock progresses rapidly, however subsequent gastric rupture exacerbates the shock and makes the treatment difficult treatment. It is extremely important that a laparotomy be performed at once after stabilizing shock with massive fluid replacement. Postoperative nutritional support and fluid replacement will increase survival. It is very important that when gastric distention disappears after conservative therapy, the doctor should assess carefully whether the gastric wall recovery is under way by using effective methods of examination. (+info)Gastric rupture in a diver due to rapid ascent. (6/35)
A 37-year-old, experienced female diver developed gastric rupture due to rapid ascent from a depth of 37 meters. The incident was preceded by a heavy meal, intake of soda beverages, swallowing of air and water under water, and panic. Sharp abdominal pain was present immediately after surfacing and afterwards. Full abdominal distension developed within two hours after the ascent. No other diving-related pathology was found. Surgery was performed around three hours after the accident and revealed pneumoperitoneum, gastric rupture, gastric content in the abdomen cavity, and signs of acute peritonitis. On surgery, a 4-cm rupture of the lesser curvature was found and sutured. The patient was discharged eight days after the event. (+info)A spontaneously ruptured gastric stromal tumor with cystic degeneration presenting as hemoperitoneum: a case report. (7/35)
We report a case of a 38-yr-old man with a spontaneously ruptured gastric stromal tumor presenting as hemoperitoneum in outpatient clinic. He visited our hospital with generalized abdominal pain after abdominal CT scan for the evaluation of the asymptomatic palpable abdominal mass. Repeated abdominal CT scan showed a size decrement of cystic mass compared with the previous abdominal CT scan, and newly developed fluid collection in the left paracolic gutter. An emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured gastric stromal tumor with bloody fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive reactivity to C-kit protein and CD34. The patient presented with hemoperitoneum due to spontaneous rupture of the tumor, which is an extremely rare complication. (+info)Gastric rupture after awake fibreoptic intubation in a patient with laryngeal carcinoma. (8/35)
An 86-yr-old man with recurrent laryngeal carcinoma developed gastric rupture after awake fibreoptic intubation before induction of general anaesthesia. Early clinical signs included a distended, tense and tympanic abdomen with pain and massive pneumoperitoneum (chest radiograph). Laparotomy revealed a 4-cm longitudinal perforation along the lesser curvature of the stomach. This case represents a rare but severe complication that may occur during fibreoptic intubation in the awake patient. (+info)A stomach rupture, also known as gastrointestinal perforation, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a hole or tear in the lining of the stomach. This can allow the contents of the stomach to leak into the abdominal cavity, causing inflammation and infection (peritonitis).
Stomach rupture can be caused by several factors, including trauma, severe gastritis or ulcers, tumors, or certain medical procedures. Symptoms may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and decreased bowel sounds. If left untreated, stomach rupture can lead to sepsis, organ failure, and even death. Treatment typically involves surgery to repair the perforation and antibiotics to treat any resulting infection.
A rupture, in medical terms, refers to the breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure in the body. This can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, injury, increased pressure, or degeneration. A ruptured organ or structure can lead to serious complications, including internal bleeding, infection, and even death, if not treated promptly and appropriately. Examples of ruptures include a ruptured appendix, ruptured eardrum, or a ruptured disc in the spine.
In anatomical terms, the stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. It is part of the gastrointestinal tract and plays a crucial role in digestion. The stomach's primary functions include storing food, mixing it with digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid to break down proteins, and slowly emptying the partially digested food into the small intestine for further absorption of nutrients.
The stomach is divided into several regions, including the cardia (the area nearest the esophagus), the fundus (the upper portion on the left side), the body (the main central part), and the pylorus (the narrowed region leading to the small intestine). The inner lining of the stomach, called the mucosa, is protected by a layer of mucus that prevents the digestive juices from damaging the stomach tissue itself.
In medical contexts, various conditions can affect the stomach, such as gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach or duodenum), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach cancer. Symptoms related to the stomach may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.
A splenic rupture is a medical condition characterized by a tear or complete breakage in the spleen, leading to the release of blood into the abdominal cavity. The spleen is a soft, fist-shaped organ located in the upper left part of the abdomen, which plays an essential role in filtering the blood and fighting infections.
Splenic rupture can occur as a result of trauma, such as a car accident or a direct blow to the abdomen, or it may develop spontaneously due to underlying medical conditions, such as cancer, infection, or inflammatory diseases. The severity of the rupture can vary from a small tear to a complete shattering of the spleen, leading to significant bleeding and potentially life-threatening complications.
Symptoms of splenic rupture may include sudden, severe pain in the left upper abdomen or shoulder, lightheadedness, dizziness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and decreased blood pressure. If left untreated, a splenic rupture can lead to shock, organ failure, and even death. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the spleen (splenectomy) or repair the damage, followed by close monitoring and supportive care to manage any complications.
Aortic rupture is a medical emergency that refers to the tearing or splitting of the aorta, which is the largest and main artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. An aortic rupture can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding and requires immediate medical attention.
There are two types of aortic ruptures:
1. Aortic dissection: This occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall. This can cause the aorta to bulge or split, leading to a rupture.
2. Thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture: An aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area in the aortic wall. When an aneurysm in the thoracic aorta (the part of the aorta that runs through the chest) ruptures, it can cause severe bleeding and other complications.
Risk factors for aortic rupture include high blood pressure, smoking, aging, family history of aortic disease, and certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Symptoms of an aortic rupture may include sudden severe chest or back pain, difficulty breathing, weakness, sweating, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair the aorta and control bleeding.
A heart rupture, also known as cardiac rupture, is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear or hole in the muscle wall of the heart. This can happen as a result of a severe injury to the heart, such as from a car accident or a fall, or it can occur as a complication of a heart attack.
During a heart attack, blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked, causing the heart muscle to become damaged and die. If the damage is extensive, the weakened heart muscle may rupture, leading to bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart) or into one of the heart chambers.
A heart rupture can cause sudden cardiac arrest and death if not treated immediately. Symptoms of a heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair or replace the damaged portion of the heart.
Uterine rupture is a serious obstetrical complication characterized by the disruption or tearing of all layers of the uterine wall, including the serosa (outer covering), myometrium (middle layer of muscle), and endometrium (inner lining). This can occur during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. In some cases, it may also involve the rupture of the adjacent structures such as bladder or broad ligament. Uterine rupture is a medical emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent maternal and fetal mortality or morbidity.
The symptoms of uterine rupture might include severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, loss of fetal heart rate, changes in the mother's vital signs, and shock. The risk factors for uterine rupture include previous cesarean delivery, grand multiparity (having given birth to five or more pregnancies), use of labor-inducing drugs like oxytocin, and instrumental deliveries with vacuum extractors or forceps.
The management of uterine rupture typically involves an emergency laparotomy (open abdominal surgery) to repair the tear and stop any bleeding. In some cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary if the damage is too severe or if there are other complications. The prognosis for both mother and baby depends on various factors like the extent of the injury, timeliness of treatment, and the overall health status of the patient before the event.
Stomach neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the stomach that can be benign or malignant. They include a wide range of conditions such as:
1. Gastric adenomas: These are benign tumors that develop from glandular cells in the stomach lining.
2. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that can be found in the stomach and other parts of the digestive tract. They originate from the stem cells in the wall of the digestive tract.
3. Leiomyomas: These are benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the stomach wall.
4. Lipomas: These are benign tumors that develop from fat cells in the stomach wall.
5. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): These are tumors that develop from the neuroendocrine cells in the stomach lining. They can be benign or malignant.
6. Gastric carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the glandular cells in the stomach lining. They are the most common type of stomach neoplasm and include adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, and others.
7. Lymphomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the immune cells in the stomach wall.
Stomach neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. The diagnosis of stomach neoplasms usually involves a combination of imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy.
Post-infarction heart rupture is a serious and potentially fatal complication that can occur after a myocardial infarction (heart attack). It is defined as the disruption or tearing of the heart muscle (myocardium) in the area that was damaged by the heart attack. This condition typically occurs within 1 to 7 days following a heart attack, and it's more common in elderly patients and those with large infarctions.
There are three main types of post-infarction heart rupture:
1. Ventricular free wall rupture: This is the most common type, where there is a tear in the left ventricular wall, leading to rapid bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart). This can cause cardiac tamponade, which is a life-threatening situation characterized by increased pressure in the pericardial sac, compromising cardiac filling and reducing cardiac output.
2. Ventricular septal rupture: In this case, there is a tear in the interventricular septum (the wall separating the left and right ventricles), leading to a communication between the two chambers. This results in a shunt of blood from the high-pressure left ventricle to the low-pressure right ventricle, causing a sudden increase in pulmonary congestion and reduced systemic output.
3. Papillary muscle rupture: The papillary muscles are finger-like projections that attach the heart valves (mitral and tricuspid) to the ventricular walls. Rupture of these muscles can lead to severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, causing acute pulmonary edema and reduced cardiac output.
Symptoms of post-infarction heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of cardiogenic shock (such as cold sweats, weak pulse, and altered mental status). Diagnosis is typically made using echocardiography, CT angiography, or MRI. Treatment usually involves emergency surgical intervention to repair the rupture and stabilize the patient's hemodynamic condition.
Premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM) is a medical condition that occurs when the amniotic sac, which surrounds and protects the developing fetus, breaks or ruptures prematurely before labor begins. The amniotic sac is made up of two layers of fetal membranes - the inner amnion and the outer chorion.
In a normal pregnancy, the fetal membranes rupture spontaneously during labor as a sign that the delivery process has begun. However, if the membranes rupture before 37 weeks of gestation, it is considered premature rupture of membranes. PROM can lead to complications such as preterm labor, infection, and fetal distress.
PROM can be classified into two types based on the timing of membrane rupture:
1. Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM): When the membranes rupture before 37 weeks of gestation, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes. PPROM increases the risk of preterm labor and delivery, which can lead to various complications for the newborn, such as respiratory distress syndrome, brain bleeding, and developmental delays.
2. Term Premature Rupture of Membranes (TPROM): When the membranes rupture at or after 37 weeks of gestation, it is called term premature rupture of membranes. TPROM may not necessarily lead to complications if labor begins soon after the membrane rupture and there are no signs of infection. However, if labor does not start within 24 hours of membrane rupture, the risk of infection increases, and the healthcare provider may consider inducing labor or performing a cesarean delivery.
The exact cause of premature rupture of fetal membranes is not always known, but several factors can increase the risk, including previous PROM, bacterial infections, smoking, substance abuse, and trauma to the uterus. Healthcare providers monitor women with PROM closely for signs of infection and preterm labor and may recommend treatments such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, or hospitalization to reduce the risk of complications.
Stomach diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the stomach, a muscular sac located in the upper part of the abdomen and is responsible for storing and digesting food. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, and bloating. Some common stomach diseases include:
1. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause pain, irritation, and ulcers.
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
3. Peptic ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
4. Stomach cancer: Abnormal growth of cancerous cells in the stomach, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
5. Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach muscles are weakened or paralyzed, leading to difficulty digesting food and emptying the stomach.
6. Functional dyspepsia: A chronic disorder characterized by symptoms such as pain, bloating, and fullness in the upper abdomen, without any identifiable cause.
7. Eosinophilic esophagitis: A condition where eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the esophagus, causing inflammation and difficulty swallowing.
8. Stomal stenosis: Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, often caused by scar tissue or surgical complications.
9. Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing symptoms such as heartburn and difficulty swallowing.
These are just a few examples of stomach diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the stomach. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions and preventing complications.