Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation.
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)
Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A group of malignant tumors of the nervous system that feature primitive cells with elements of neuronal and/or glial differentiation. Use of this term is limited by some authors to central nervous system tumors and others include neoplasms of similar origin which arise extracranially (i.e., NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS, PRIMITIVE, PERIPHERAL). This term is also occasionally used as a synonym for MEDULLOBLASTOMA. In general, these tumors arise in the first decade of life and tend to be highly malignant. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2059)
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.
Intracranial tumors originating in the region of the brain inferior to the tentorium cerebelli, which contains the cerebellum, fourth ventricle, cerebellopontine angle, brain stem, and related structures. Primary tumors of this region are more frequent in children, and may present with ATAXIA; CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; vomiting; HEADACHE; HYDROCEPHALUS; or other signs of neurologic dysfunction. Relatively frequent histologic subtypes include TERATOMA; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; GLIOBLASTOMA; ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA; and choroid plexus papilloma (PAPILLOMA, CHOROID PLEXUS).
Rare, slow-growing, benign intraventricular tumors, often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. The tumors are classified histologically as ependymomas and demonstrate a proliferation of subependymal fibrillary astrocytes among the ependymal tumor cells. (From Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1997 Feb;99(1):17-22)
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Primary or metastatic neoplasms of the CEREBELLUM. Tumors in this location frequently present with ATAXIA or signs of INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION due to obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Common primary cerebellar tumors include fibrillary ASTROCYTOMA and cerebellar HEMANGIOBLASTOMA. The cerebellum is a relatively common site for tumor metastases from the lung, breast, and other distant organs. (From Okazaki & Scheithauer, Atlas of Neuropathology, 1988, p86 and p141)
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.
The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE.
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)
Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.
Accumulation of blood in the EPIDURAL SPACE between the SKULL and the DURA MATER, often as a result of bleeding from the MENINGEAL ARTERIES associated with a temporal or parietal bone fracture. Epidural hematoma tends to expand rapidly, compressing the dura and underlying brain. Clinical features may include HEADACHE; VOMITING; HEMIPARESIS; and impaired mental function.
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).
Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricle. Ventricular tumors may be primary (e.g., CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS and GLIOMA, SUBEPENDYMAL), metastasize from distant organs, or occur as extensions of locally invasive tumors from adjacent brain structures.
A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the PIA MATER and the DURA MATER. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID.
Abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone. Skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with PYRAMIDAL TRACT lesions or BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
PROCEDURES that use NEUROENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Neuroendoscopy, generally an integration of the neuroendoscope with a computer-assisted NEURONAVIGATION system, provides guidance in NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES.
Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium directly into the cerebral ventricles. It is used also for x-ray computed tomography of the cerebral ventricles.

Mutation in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in archival low grade and high grade gliomas. (1/179)

The PTEN gene, located on 10q23.3, has recently been described as a candidate tumour suppressor gene that may be important in the development of advanced cancers, including gliomas. We have investigated mutation in the PTEN gene by direct sequence analysis of PCR products amplified from samples microdissected from 19 low grade (WHO Grade I and II) and 27 high grade (WHO grade III and IV) archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gliomas. Eleven genetic variants in ten tumours have been identified. Eight of these are DNA sequence changes that could affect the encoded protein and were present in 0/2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 0/2 oligoastrocytomas, 0/1 oligodendroglioma, 0/14 astrocytomas, 3/13 (23%) anaplastic astrocytomas and 5/14 (36%) glioblastomas. PTEN mutations were found exclusively in high grade gliomas; this finding was statistically significant. Only two of the PTEN genetic variants have been reported in other studies; two of the genetic changes are in codons in which mutations have not been found previously. The results of this study indicate that mutation in the PTEN gene is present only in histologically more aggressive gliomas, may be associated with the transition from low histological grade to anaplasia, but is absent from the majority of high grade gliomas.  (+info)

Comparative genomic hybridization detects many recurrent imbalances in central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumours in children. (2/179)

A series of 23 children with primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNET) were analysed with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Multiple chromosomal imbalances have been detected in 20 patients. The most frequently involved chromosome was chromosome 17, with a gain of 17q (11 cases) and loss of 17p (eight cases). Further recurrent copy number changes were detected. Extra copies of chromosome 7 were present in nine patients and gains of 1q were detected in six patients. A moderate genomic amplification was detected in one patient, involving two sites on 3p and the whole 12p. Losses were more frequent, and especially involved the chromosomes 11 (nine cases), 10q (eight cases), 8 (six cases), X (six patients) and 3 (five cases), and part of chromosome 9 (five cases). These recurrent chromosomal changes may highlight locations of novel genes with an important role in the development and/or progression of PNET.  (+info)

Supratentorial cavernous haemangiomas and epilepsy: a review of the literature and case series. (3/179)

OBJECTIVES: To characterise the clinical features and response to treatment of supratentorial cavernomas associated with epilepsy. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out and a retrospective case series of patients with cavernoma diagnosed by MRI and/or histology was compiled. Patient selection biases in the literature review were reduced as far as possible by selection of unbiased publications. RESULTS: In the literature, cavernomas were relatively less common in the frontal lobes. There were multiple cavernomas in 23% of cases. The main clinical manifestations were seizures (79%) and haemorrhage (16%). The annual haemorrhage rate was 0.7%. The outcome after excision was good with improvement in seizures in 92% of patients. In the case series the surgical outcome was less favourable, reflecting inclusion of a higher proportion of patients with intractable epilepsy. In both the literature review and the case series, outcome was poorer in cases with a longer duration of seizures at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The good surgical results, particularly in cases treated earlier, and the significant cumulative haemorrhage rate, suggest that excision is the optimum treatment. However, these factors have not been examined prospectively and, despite the availability of several retrospective studies, the optimum treatment, particularly for non-intractable cases, will only be determined by a prospective study.  (+info)

Prognostic factors for supratentorial low grade astrocytomas in adults. (4/179)

The principal prognostic factors and effect on survival were retrospectively evaluated in 56 adult patients with supratentorial low grade astrocytomas treated between 1967 and 1993. Fifteen factors were evaluated with uni- and multivariate analysis to investigate their importance in predicting the length of survival. The median patient age at presentation was 42 years and the median survival was 5.0 years. The following characteristics were associated with improved patient survival by univariate analysis (p < 0.01): Age group, preoperative Karnofsky scale, and extent of surgery. Age group and Karnofsky scale were significant by multivariate analysis, but not the extent of surgery. Thus the usefulness of cytoreductive surgery in the management remains unclear, but the extent of surgery is determined by the characteristics of the tumor and the potential of the patient. Since 93% of our patients received postoperative radiotherapy, the effect of adjuvant irradiation could not be determined.  (+info)

Phase II trial of the antiangiogenic agent thalidomide in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. (5/179)

PURPOSE: Little progress has been made in the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas over the last two decades, thus necessitating a search for novel therapeutic strategies. Malignant gliomas are vascular or angiogenic tumors, which leads to the supposition that angiogenesis inhibition may represent a potentially promising strategy in the treatment of these tumors. We present the results of a phase II trial of thalidomide, a putative inhibitor of angiogenesis, in the treatment of adults with previously irradiated, recurrent high-grade gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with a histologic diagnosis of anaplastic mixed glioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, or glioblastoma multiforme who had radiographic demonstration of tumor progression after standard external-beam radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were eligible. Patients were initially treated with thalidomide 800 mg/d with increases in dose by 200 mg/d every 2 weeks until a final daily dose of 1,200 mg was achieved. Patients were evaluated every 8 weeks for response by both clinical and radiographic criteria. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients were accrued, with 36 patients being assessable for both toxicity and response. Thalidomide was well tolerated, with constipation and sedation being the major toxicities. One patient developed a grade 2 peripheral neuropathy after treatment with thalidomide for nearly a year. There were two objective radiographic partial responses (6%), two minor responses (6%), and 12 patients with stable disease (33%). Eight patients were alive more than 1 year after starting thalidomide, although almost all with tumor progression. Changes in serum levels of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) were correlated with time to tumor progression and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Thalidomide is a generally well-tolerated drug that may have antitumor activity in a minority of patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Future studies will better define the usefulness of thalidomide in newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas and in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, studies will be needed to confirm the potential utility of changes in serum bFGF as a marker of antiangiogenic activity and/or glioma growth.  (+info)

A comparative survival evaluation and assessment of interclassification concordance in adult supratentorial astrocytic tumors. (6/179)

Classification and grading of astrocytic tumors has been the subject of several controversies and no universally accepted classification system is yet available. Nevertheless, acceptance of a common system is important for assessing prognosis as well as easy comparative evaluation and interpretation of the results of multi-center therapeutic trials. We report the results of a single center study on comparative survival evaluation along with assessment of inter-classification concordance in 102 cases of supratentorial astrocytic tumors in adults ((3) (3)16 years of age). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides of these 102 cases were reviewed independently by two pathologists and each case classified or graded according to four different classification systems viz. Kernohan, Daumas-Duport (SAM-A), TESTAST-268 and WHO. The histological grading was then correlated with the survival curves as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The most important observation was that similar survival curves were obtained for any one grade of tumor by all the four classification systems. Fifty three of the 102 cases (51.9%) showed absolute grading concordance using all 4 classifications with maximum concordant cases belonging to grades 2 and 4. Intra-classification grade-wise survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between grade 2 and grades 3 or 4, but no difference between grades 3 and 4 in any of the classification systems. It is apparent from the results of this study that if specified criteria related to any of the classification systems is rigorously adhered to, it will produce comparable results. Hence, preferential adoption of any one classification system in practice will be guided by the relative ease of histologic feature value evaluation with maximum possible objectivity and reproducibility. We recommend the Daumas-Duport (SAM-A) system since it appears to be the simplest, most objectivized for practical application and highly reproducible with relative ease.  (+info)

Effect of pipecuronium and pancuronium on intracranial pressure and cardiovascular parameters in patients with supratentorial tumours. (7/179)

A prospective, randomised, single blind study was conducted to evaluate and compare the intracranial pressure (ICP) and cardiovascular effects of pipecuronium (PPC) and pancuronium (PNC) in 20 patients undergoing supratentorial surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group I (n = 10) received pancuronium (0.1 mg kg(-1)) and in Group II (n = 10) pipecuronium (0.07 mg kg(-1)) for intubation. Intracranial pressure (ICP), heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP, MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), nasopharyngeal temperature and arterial blood gases (ABG) were monitored at the following time periods: before induction (0 minutes); 3 minutes after thiopentone and muscle relaxant; immediately after intubation; and 4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 minutes following intubation. The rise in intracranial pressure at intubation was significantly greater in group I (21.10+/-3.97 torr, 122.59%) when compared to group II patients (1.80+/-0.70 torr, 10.04%) (p<0.0 1). Cardiovascular parameters also showed a significantly greater degree of rise in group I when compared to group II patients. Heart rate increased by 29+/-6.32 beats min(-1) (33.52%) and systolic arterial pressure by 11.60+/-7.37 torr (9.47%) in group I. These parameters did not change significantly in group II. No significant alterations were observed in the other measured parameters in either of the two groups.  (+info)

Phase I trial results of iodine-131-labeled antitenascin monoclonal antibody 81C6 treatment of patients with newly diagnosed malignant gliomas. (8/179)

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of iodine-131 ((131)I)-labeled 81C6 antitenascin monoclonal antibody (mAb) administered clinically into surgically created resection cavities (SCRCs) in malignant glioma patients and to identify any objective responses with this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this phase I trial, newly diagnosed patients with malignant gliomas with no prior external-beam therapy or chemotherapy were treated with a single injection of (131)I-labeled 81C6 through a Rickham reservoir into the resection cavity. The initial dose was 20 mCi and escalation was in 20-mCi increments. Patients were observed for toxicity and response until death or for a minimum of 1 year after treatment. RESULTS: We treated 42 patients with (131)I-labeled 81C6 mAb in administered doses up to 180 mCi. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed at doses greater than 120 mCi and consisted of delayed neurotoxicity. None of the patients developed major hematologic toxicity. Median survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme and for all patients was 69 and 79 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION: The MTD for administration of (131)I-labeled 81C6 into the SCRC of newly diagnosed patients with no prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy was 120 mCi. Dose-limiting toxicity was delayed neurologic toxicity. We are encouraged by the survival and toxicity and by the low 2.5% prevalence of debulking surgery for symptomatic radiation necrosis.  (+info)

Supratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, which is a dual layer of dura mater (the protective outer covering of the brain) that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. This area includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. Supratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and may arise from various cell types such as neurons, glial cells, meninges, or blood vessels. They can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth.

Ependymoma is a type of brain or spinal cord tumor that develops from the ependymal cells that line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain, or the central canal of the spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and they can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Ependymomas are relatively rare, accounting for about 2-3% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors. They most commonly occur in children and young adults, but they can also affect older individuals. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, depending on the grade and location of the tumor. The prognosis for ependymomas varies widely, with some patients experiencing long-term survival and others having more aggressive tumors that are difficult to treat.

A craniotomy is a surgical procedure where a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain. This procedure is typically performed to treat various neurological conditions, such as brain tumors, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, or traumatic brain injuries. After the underlying brain condition is addressed, the bone flap is usually replaced and secured back in place with plates and screws. The purpose of a craniotomy is to provide access to the brain for diagnostic or therapeutic interventions while minimizing potential damage to surrounding tissues.

Neuroectodermal tumors, primitive (PNETs) are a group of highly malignant and aggressive neoplasms that arise from neuroectodermal cells, which are the precursors to the nervous system during embryonic development. These tumors can occur anywhere in the body but are most commonly found in the central nervous system, particularly in the brain and spinal cord.

PNETs are characterized by small, round, blue cells that have a high degree of cellularity and mitotic activity. They are composed of undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cells that can differentiate along various neural lineages, including neuronal, glial, and epithelial. This feature makes their diagnosis challenging, as they can resemble other small round blue cell tumors, such as lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and Ewing sarcoma.

Immunohistochemical staining and molecular genetic testing are often required to confirm the diagnosis of PNETs. These tests typically reveal the expression of neural markers, such as NSE, Synaptophysin, and CD99, and the presence of specific chromosomal abnormalities, such as the EWS-FLI1 fusion gene in Ewing sarcoma.

PNETs are aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis, and their treatment typically involves a multimodal approach that includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the five-year survival rate for patients with PNETs is less than 30%.

Cerebellar diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain located at the back of the head, below the occipital lobe and above the brainstem. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in motor control, coordination, balance, and some cognitive functions.

Cerebellar diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, tumors, stroke, trauma, or degenerative processes. These conditions can result in a wide range of symptoms, such as:

1. Ataxia: Loss of coordination and unsteady gait
2. Dysmetria: Inability to judge distance and force while performing movements
3. Intention tremors: Shaking or trembling that worsens during purposeful movements
4. Nystagmus: Rapid, involuntary eye movement
5. Dysarthria: Speech difficulty due to muscle weakness or incoordination
6. Hypotonia: Decreased muscle tone
7. Titubation: Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of the head and neck
8. Cognitive impairment: Problems with memory, attention, and executive functions

Some examples of cerebellar diseases include:

1. Ataxia-telangiectasia
2. Friedrich's ataxia
3. Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
4. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs)
5. Cerebellar tumors, such as medulloblastomas or astrocytomas
6. Infarctions or hemorrhages in the cerebellum due to stroke or trauma
7. Infections, such as viral encephalitis or bacterial meningitis
8. Autoimmune disorders, like multiple sclerosis (MS) or paraneoplastic syndromes
9. Metabolic disorders, such as Wilson's disease or phenylketonuria (PKU)
10. Chronic alcoholism and withdrawal

Treatment for cerebellar diseases depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, physical therapy, surgery, or supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Infratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain called the posterior fossa, which is located below the tentorium cerebelli (a membranous structure that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum). This area contains several important structures such as the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and fourth ventricle. Infratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and can arise from various cell types including nerve cells, glial cells, or supportive tissues. They can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their location and size, such as headache, vomiting, unsteady gait, weakness, numbness, vision changes, hearing loss, and difficulty swallowing or speaking. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

A subependymal glioma is a rare, typically slow-growing type of brain tumor that develops in the lining of the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) within the brain. These tumors are formed from glial cells, which are supportive cells that help nerve cells function.

Subependymal gliomas are often associated with a genetic disorder called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and they account for about 10-15% of all brain tumors in TSC patients. These tumors usually appear as small, nodular growths on the walls of the ventricles, particularly near the region where the ventricles connect to the lower part of the brain (the brainstem).

Although subependymal gliomas are generally slow-growing, they can cause symptoms by obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles. This obstruction can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure and a condition called hydrocephalus, which may require surgical intervention to alleviate. Symptoms of subependymal gliomas can include headaches, vomiting, seizures, balance problems, and developmental delays.

Treatment options for subependymal gliomas depend on the size and location of the tumor, as well as the presence of any associated symptoms. In some cases, these tumors may not require treatment if they are small and asymptomatic. However, if the tumor is causing obstruction or symptoms, surgical removal or other treatments such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be necessary. Regular follow-up with imaging studies is essential to monitor the growth and development of subependymal gliomas in TSC patients.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

Cerebellar neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells within the cerebellum.

The most common type of cerebellar neoplasm is a medulloblastoma, which arises from primitive nerve cells in the cerebellum. Other types of cerebellar neoplasms include astrocytomas, ependymomas, and brain stem gliomas. Symptoms of cerebellar neoplasms may include headaches, vomiting, unsteady gait, coordination problems, and visual disturbances. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and age. Treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells in the brain. These tumors can occur in various parts of the brain and can have different grades of malignancy, ranging from low-grade (I or II) to high-grade (III or IV). Low-grade astrocytomas tend to grow slowly and may not cause any symptoms for a long time, while high-grade astrocytomas are more aggressive and can grow quickly, causing neurological problems.

Symptoms of astrocytoma depend on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking or swallowing, changes in vision or behavior, and memory loss. Treatment options for astrocytomas include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for astrocytoma varies widely depending on the grade and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the patient.

Brain stem neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the brainstem, which is the lower part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can arise from various types of cells within the brainstem, such as nerve cells, glial cells (which support and protect nerve cells), or cells that make up blood vessels.

Brain stem neoplasms are relatively rare, accounting for about 2% of all primary brain tumors. They can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, including headache, vomiting, double vision, difficulty swallowing, facial weakness, and problems with balance and coordination. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type, location, and extent of the tumor.

Brain neoplasms, also known as brain tumors, are abnormal growths of cells within the brain. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign brain tumors typically grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause serious problems if they press on sensitive areas of the brain. Malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and can grow quickly, invading surrounding brain tissue and spreading to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.

Brain neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain, including glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), neurons (nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain), and meninges (the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). They can also result from the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body, known as metastatic brain tumors.

Symptoms of brain neoplasms may vary depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, difficulty with balance and coordination, changes in speech or vision, confusion, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for brain neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

The posterior cranial fossa is a term used in anatomy to refer to the portion of the skull that forms the lower, back part of the cranial cavity. It is located between the occipital bone and the temporal bones, and it contains several important structures including the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, and the lower cranial nerves (IX-XII). The posterior fossa also contains the foramen magnum, which is a large opening through which the spinal cord connects to the brainstem. This region of the skull is protected by the occipital bone, which forms the base of the skull and provides attachment for several neck muscles.

A glioma is a type of tumor that originates from the glial cells in the brain. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for nerve cells (neurons) within the central nervous system, including providing nutrients, maintaining homeostasis, and insulating neurons.

Gliomas can be classified into several types based on the specific type of glial cell from which they originate. The most common types include:

1. Astrocytoma: Arises from astrocytes, a type of star-shaped glial cells that provide structural support to neurons.
2. Oligodendroglioma: Develops from oligodendrocytes, which produce the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers.
3. Ependymoma: Originate from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain and spinal cord.
4. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): A highly aggressive and malignant type of astrocytoma that tends to spread quickly within the brain.

Gliomas can be further classified based on their grade, which indicates how aggressive and fast-growing they are. Lower-grade gliomas tend to grow more slowly and may be less aggressive, while higher-grade gliomas are more likely to be aggressive and rapidly growing.

Symptoms of gliomas depend on the location and size of the tumor but can include headaches, seizures, cognitive changes, and neurological deficits such as weakness or paralysis in certain parts of the body. Treatment options for gliomas may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Medulloblastoma is a type of malignant brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum, which is the part of the brain located at the back of the skull and controls coordination and balance. It is one of the most common types of pediatric brain tumors, although it can also occur in adults.

Medulloblastomas are typically made up of small, round cancer cells that grow quickly and can spread to other parts of the central nervous system, such as the spinal cord. They are usually treated with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The exact cause of medulloblastoma is not known, but it is thought to be related to genetic mutations or abnormalities that occur during development.

Ganglioglioma is a rare, typically slow-growing tumor that occurs in the brain or spinal cord. It is composed of both neuronal (ganglion cell) and glial elements. These tumors most commonly occur in the temporal lobe of the brain and are usually found in children and young adults.

Gangliogliomas can be benign or malignant, with the majority being low-grade (benign). Symptoms vary depending on the location of the tumor but may include seizures, headaches, changes in behavior or cognition, and motor weakness or paralysis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and in some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended.

It's important to note that while I strive to provide accurate information, my responses should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for any medical concerns.

An epidural cranial hematoma is a specific type of hematoma, which is defined as an abnormal accumulation of blood in a restricted space, occurring between the dura mater (the outermost layer of the meninges that covers the brain and spinal cord) and the skull in the cranial region. This condition is often caused by trauma or head injury, which results in the rupture of blood vessels, allowing blood to collect in the epidural space. The accumulation of blood can compress the brain tissue and cause various neurological symptoms, potentially leading to serious complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

A hematoma is defined as a localized accumulation of blood in a tissue, organ, or body space caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. This can result from various causes such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions that affect coagulation. The severity and size of a hematoma may vary depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Symptoms can include swelling, pain, bruising, and decreased mobility in the affected area. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the hematoma but may include observation, compression, ice, elevation, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It's the measurement of the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and brain tissue within the confined space of the skull.

Normal ICP ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg in adults when lying down. Intracranial pressure may increase due to various reasons such as bleeding in the brain, swelling of the brain, increased production or decreased absorption of CSF, and brain tumors. Elevated ICP is a serious medical emergency that can lead to brain damage or even death if not promptly treated. Symptoms of high ICP may include severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and visual changes.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.

Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.

Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.

There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

The cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected fluid-filled cavities within the brain. They are located in the center of the brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection to the brain by cushioning it from impacts and helping to maintain its stability within the skull.

There are four ventricles in total: two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle, and one fourth ventricle. The lateral ventricles are located in each cerebral hemisphere, while the third ventricle is located between the thalami of the two hemispheres. The fourth ventricle is located at the base of the brain, above the spinal cord.

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle through narrow passageways called the interventricular foramen. From there, it flows into the fourth ventricle through another narrow passageway called the cerebral aqueduct. CSF then leaves the fourth ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Abnormalities in the size or shape of the cerebral ventricles can indicate underlying neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or atrophy (shrinkage) of brain tissue. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often used to assess the size and shape of the cerebral ventricles in clinical settings.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

The arachnoid is one of the three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord, known as the meninges. It is located between the dura mater (the outermost layer) and the pia mater (the innermost layer). The arachnoid is a thin, delicate membrane that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which provides protection and nutrition to the central nervous system.

The arachnoid has a spider-web like appearance, hence its name, and it is composed of several layers of collagen fibers and elastic tissue. It is highly vascularized, meaning that it contains many blood vessels, and it plays an important role in regulating the flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord.

In some cases, the arachnoid can become inflamed or irritated, leading to a condition called arachnoiditis. This can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, muscle weakness, and sensory changes, and it may require medical treatment to manage.

Muscle hypertonia is a term used to describe an increased tone or tension in the muscles, which can be caused by various medical conditions. This state leads to a reduced ability to stretch the muscle fully, and it may interfere with normal movement. The two main types of muscle hypertonia are spasticity and rigidity.

1. Spasticity: It is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone, which means that the resistance to passive movement increases as the speed of the movement increases. This type of hypertonia is often associated with upper motor neuron lesions, such as those caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis.
2. Rigidity: It is a constant and non-velocity dependent increase in muscle tone, meaning that the resistance to passive movement remains consistent regardless of the speed. This type of hypertonia can be seen in conditions like Parkinson's disease.

It is essential to diagnose and manage muscle hypertonia effectively to prevent complications such as contractures, pain, and decreased functional abilities. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medications (like antispasticity agents), orthoses, or surgical interventions in severe cases.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Neuroectodermal tumors (NETs) are a diverse group of neoplasms that arise from the embryonic cells of the neural crest, which is a part of the ectoderm that gives rise to various tissues such as peripheral nerves, nerve sheath, adrenal medulla, and melanocytes. These tumors can occur in both children and adults, and they can be benign or malignant.

The term "neuroectodermal tumor" encompasses a wide range of tumors, including:

1. Neuroblastoma: This is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, which arises from the sympathetic nervous system. It typically affects children under the age of 5 and can occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, but it most commonly occurs in the abdomen.
2. Ganglioneuroblastoma: This is a rare tumor that arises from the same cells as neuroblastoma, but it tends to have a more favorable prognosis. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in children under 10 years old.
3. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: These are rare tumors that arise from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland or other sympathetic ganglia. They can produce excessive amounts of catecholamines, leading to hypertension and other symptoms.
4. Medulloblastoma: This is a malignant brain tumor that arises from the cerebellum. It is the most common malignant brain tumor in children.
5. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs): These are rare tumors that arise from the cells that surround and protect nerves. They can occur sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1.
6. Merkel cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that arises from the Merkel cells, which are located in the epidermis and function as touch receptors.

The diagnosis of NETs typically involves imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, as well as biopsy and histopathological examination. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

Meningeal neoplasms, also known as malignant meningitis or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, refer to cancerous tumors that originate in the meninges, which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. These tumors can arise primarily from the meningeal cells themselves, although they more commonly result from the spread (metastasis) of cancer cells from other parts of the body, such as breast, lung, or melanoma.

Meningeal neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms, including headaches, nausea and vomiting, mental status changes, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (such as MRI) and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid obtained through a spinal tap. Treatment options may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. The prognosis for patients with meningeal neoplasms is generally poor, with a median survival time of several months to a year.

Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that involves the use of an endoscope to access and treat various conditions within the brain and spinal column. An endoscope is a long, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip, which allows surgeons to view and operate on internal structures through small incisions or natural openings in the body.

In neuroendoscopy, the surgeon uses the endoscope to navigate through the brain's ventricular system (fluid-filled spaces) or other narrow spaces within the skull or spine to diagnose and treat conditions such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, arachnoid cysts, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

The benefits of neuroendoscopy include reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved outcomes compared to traditional open surgical approaches. However, neuroendoscopic procedures require specialized training and expertise due to the complexity of the anatomy involved.

Cerebral ventriculography is a medical imaging technique that involves the injection of a contrast material into the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces within the brain. The purpose of this procedure is to produce detailed images of the ventricular system and the surrounding structures in order to diagnose and evaluate various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles), tumors, or other abnormalities that may be causing obstruction or compression of the ventricular system.

The procedure typically involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into the lateral ventricle of the brain through a small hole drilled in the skull. The contrast material is then injected through the catheter and X-ray images are taken as the contrast material flows through the ventricular system. These images can help to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be present.

Cerebral ventriculography has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide similar information without the need for invasive procedures. However, cerebral ventriculography may still be used in certain cases where these other methods are not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis.

... supratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.885.500 - hypothalamic neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.885.500.600 - pituitary ... supratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.700.500 - hypothalamic neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.700.500.500 - pituitary ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ...
They account for 0.001% of all primary CNS neoplasms. Pineoblastomas typically occur at very young ages. One study found the ... A pineoblastoma is a supratentorial midline primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Pineoblastoma can present at any age, but is most ...
They often reside supratentorial in the lateral ventricles of infants (most commonly in the atrium). The fourth ventricle in ... Toescu SM, James G, Phipps K, Jeelani O, Thompson D, Hayward R, Aquilina K. Intracranial Neoplasms in the First Year of Life: ... They make up 0.4 to 0.6 percent of all intracranial neoplasms in children and are the third most prevalent congenital brain ... Paulus W, Jänisch W. Clinicopathologic correlations in epithelial choroid plexus neoplasms: a study of 52 cases. Acta ...
... supratentorial neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.885.500 - hypothalamic neoplasms MeSH C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600 - ... skull base neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.828 - spinal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.180.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C04.588.180.390 ... bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.250.250 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.401 - gallbladder neoplasms ... femoral neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721 - skull neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450 - jaw neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450.583 ...
It is nearly impossible to differentiate ganglioglioma from other more common intramedullary neoplasms based on imaging alone. ... with spinal cord ganglioglioma had a 3.5-fold higher relative risk of tumor recurrence compared to patients with supratentorial ...
102 out of 108 reported cases had AG tumors in a supratentorial location under the cerebral cortex (94.4%), and 88 out of 108 ... AG often behaves as a low-grade indolent neoplasm and is curative after surgical resection. Researchers proposed that since AG ... Brat DJ, Scheithauer BW, Fuller GN, Tihan T (July 2007). "Newly codified glial neoplasms of the 2007 WHO Classification of ... A total resection manages to regress epileptogenic growth and cure this brain neoplasm. Subtotal resection shows a comparably ...
... often mistaking astroblastoma with glial neoplasms, high-grade astrocytes, and embryonal neoplasms. However, the "bubbly" ... "Supratentorial High Grade Astroblastoma: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature." Turkish Neurosurgery 19.2 (2009): ... Neoplasm Neuroepithelial cell Astrocytes Glial cells Brain cancer Unal, Ekrem, and Yavuz Koksal. "Astroblastoma in a Child." ... Furthermore, the absence of chromosome function in 9q, 10, and X were not observed in other types of neoplasms, such as an ...
... neurocytoma 1.5.14 Cerebellar liponeurocytoma 1.6 Ependymal tumours 1.6.1 Supratentorial ependymoma 1.6.1.1 Supratentorial ... neoplasms 8.1.1 Meningeal melanocytosis and meningeal melanomatosis 8.2 Circumscribed meningeal melanocytic neoplasms 8.2.1 ... ependymoma, ZFTA fusion-positive 1.6.1.2 Supratentorial ependymoma, YAP1 fusion-positive 1.6.2 Posterior fossa ependymoma 1.6. ...
... is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, many of which are (at least eventually) very dangerous and life ... Seizures are much less common in patients with infratentorial tumors than in those with supratentorial tumors. "Stroke-like" ... and the specific type of malignant brain neoplasm. Surgery may in some cases be curative, but, as a general rule, malignant ... Meningioma assecond malignant neoplasm after oncological treatment during childhood. 188, 438-441. Retrieved from [1][dead link ...
While chondrosarcoma is the most common form of a secondary malignant bone neoplasm found in cases of Ollier disease, other ... Pearce, P.; Robertson, T.; Ortiz-Gomez, J.D.; Rajah, T.; Tollesson, G. (March 2012). "Multifocal supratentorial diffuse glioma ... Early detection and consistent and repeated monitoring is important in order to prevent and treat any potential bone neoplasms ... Clinical and radiological evaluations are conducted in order to detect the presence of bone neoplasms or lesions typically ...
... s are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system that account for 0.5-0.6% of intracranial neoplasms in ... D.Y. Suh, T. Mapstone, Pediatric supratentorial intraventricular tumors, FOC 10 (6) (2001) 1-14 C. Bettegowda, O. Adogwa, V. ... Pediatric choroid plexus neoplasms: MR, CT, and pathologic correlation, Radiology 173 (1) (1989) 81-88 A.W. McEvoy, B.N. ...
Intracranial Neoplasms and Paraneoplastic Disorders". In Ropper AH, Samuels MA (eds.). Adams and Victor's Principles of ... supratentorial, or systemic spread occurs. Dementia after radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a common outcome appearing two to ... Gurney JG, Smith MA, Bunin GR (1999). "CNS and Miscellaneous Intracranial and Intraspinal Neoplasms" (PDF). In Ries LA, Smith ... but it is now known that medulloblastoma is distinct from supratentorial PNETs and they are no longer considered similar ...
Neoplasms of the Eye". Cancer Medicine. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. ISBN 978-1-55009-213-4. Naeem, Zishan; Reddy, M. ... or bilateral retinoblastomas may be associated with pineoblastoma and other malignant midline supratentorial primitive ... Roarty JD, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE (November 1988). "Incidence of second neoplasms in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma". ...
Neoplasms will often show as differently colored masses (also referred to as processes) in CT or MRI results.[citation needed] ... "Prognostic factors in low-grade supratentorial astrocytomas: a uni-multivariate statistical analysis in 76 surgically treated ... More generally a neoplasm may cause release of metabolic end products (e.g., free radicals, altered electrolytes, ... The skull bone structure can also be subject to a neoplasm that by its very nature reduces the volume of the intracranial ...
... supratentorial - suramin - surgical oncologist - survival rate - symptom management - syncytium - syngeneic bone marrow ... neoplasm - nephrotomogram - nephrotoxic - nephroureterectomy - nerve block - nerve grafting - nerve-sparing radical ... Hürthle cell neoplasm - hydrazine sulfate - hydromorphone - hydronephrosis - hydroureter - hydroxychloroquine - hydroxyurea - ...
The disease usually presents as a single lesion with a predilection for the supratentorial region of the brain but may involve ... "The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms". Blood. 127 (20): 2375-90. doi:10.1182 ...
In a 2003 review of 95 cases by Rahimi-Movaghar et al, 45 were intracranial (mostly supratentorial) and 50 spinal or along ... Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms). ...
NOS M8000/6 Neoplasm, metastatic Neoplasm, metastatic Tumor, metastatic Tumor, secondary Tumor embolus M8000/9 Neoplasm, ... Supratentorial PNET M9474/3 large cell medulloblastoma M9480/3 Cerebellar sarcoma, NOS M9490/0 Ganglioneuroma M9490/3 ... benign M8000/1 Neoplasm, uncertain whether benign or malignant Neoplasm, NOS Tumor, NOS Unclassified tumor, uncertain whether ... M8130/1 Papillary transitional cell neoplasm of low malignant potential (C67._) Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant ...
ICD-10 code D33.0 for Benign neoplasm of brain, supratentorial online definition ... ICD-10 code D33.0 for Benign neoplasm of brain, supratentorial. Benign neoplasm of cerebral ventricle. Benign neoplasm of ... Benign neoplasm of frontal lobe. Benign neoplasm of occipital lobe. Benign neoplasm of parietal lobe. Benign neoplasm of ...
Prognostic significance of Ki-67 proliferation index in supratentorial fibrillary astrocytic neoplasms. Neurosurgery. 1994 Apr ... 27] However, even in tumors with strong mimicry of other neoplasms, such as metastatic carcinoma, an evaluation of the tumoral ... Overexpression of Eg5 correlates with high grade astrocytic neoplasm. J Neurooncol. 2016 Jan. 126(1):77-80. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... The cytoplasm of astrocytic neoplasms is probably the most reliable clue in distinguishing these tumors from oligodendroglial ...
About 5% of infants with intracranial tumor or neoplasm, especially supratentorial tumors, present with seizures.10 Some other ... with patent basal cisterns and coarse supratentorial calcifications involving the cortex (red arrows), basal ganglia ... parenchymal atrophy and dilation of the bilateral lateral ventricles with patent basal cisterns and coarse supratentorial ...
... based on the auto-calibrated arterial pressure-derived stroke volume variation in patients undergoing supratentorial neoplasms ...
Recurrent fusions in PLAGL1 define a distinct subset of pediatric-type supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors. Sievers, P., ... Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 42% * Central Nervous System Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 38% ...
No article was found for Supratentorial Neoplasms and NR3C1[original query]. File Formats Help:. How do I view different file ...
Ependymomas are glial neoplasms with a wide morphological spectrum. The majority of supratentorial ependymomas are known to ... The Multifaceted Appearance of Supratentorial Ependymoma with ZFTA-MAML2 Fusion Authors. * Ming Liang Oon Department of ... We present an unusual case of a 9-year-old boy with a supratentorial ependymoma harboring a noncanonical ZFTA-MAML2 fusion. ... Supratentorial ependymomas with noncanonical fusions are rare, and more studies are necessary for better risk stratification ...
Aad, G., Abat, E., Abdallah, J., Abdelalim, A. A., Abdesselam, A., Abdinov, O., Abi, B. A., Abolins, M., Abramowicz, H., Acerbi, E., Acharya, B. S., Achenbach, R., Ackers, M., Adams, D. L., Adamyan, F., Addy, T. N., Aderholz, M., Adorisio, C., Adragna, P., Aharrouche, M., & 2,906 othersAhlen, S. P., Ahles, F., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, H., Aielli, G., Ã…kesson, P. F., Akesson, T. P. A., Akimov, A. V., Alam, S. M., Albert, J., Albrand, S., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Aleppo, M., Alessandria, F., Alexa, C., Alexander, G., Alexopoulos, T., Alimonti, G., Aliyev, M., Allport, P. P., Allwood-Spiers, S. E., Aloisio, A., Alonso, J., Alves, R., Alviggi, M. G., Amako, K., Amaral, P., Amaral, S. P., Ambrosini, G., Ambrosio, G., Amelung, C., Ammosov, V. V., Amorim, A., Amram, N., Anastopoulos, C., Anderson, B., Anderson, K. J., Anderssen, E. C., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Andricek, L., Andrieux, M. L., Anduaga, X. S., Anghinolfi, F., Antonaki, A., Antonelli, M., Antonelli, S., Apsimon, R., Arabidze, G., ...
Label: leptomeningeal neoplasm Synonyms: leptomeningeal neoplasm Alternative IDs: als API: GO SPARQL: GO ...
Neoplasm of brain*Supratentorial neoplasm*Cerebral Neoplasm*Cerebral meningioma*Intracerebral cystic meningioma ...
Supratentorial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 41% * Artifacts Medicine & Life Sciences 25% * Paranasal Sinuses Medicine & ... The T2*-weighted images from 7.0T brain MRI revealed detailed microvasculature and the internal contents of supratentorial ... The T2*-weighted images from 7.0T brain MRI revealed detailed microvasculature and the internal contents of supratentorial ... The T2*-weighted images from 7.0T brain MRI revealed detailed microvasculature and the internal contents of supratentorial ...
Supratentorial Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 77% * Fetal Monitoring Medicine & Life Sciences 71% ... diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation with a left frontal supratentorial tumor of a glioblastoma multiforme type, which manifested ... diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation with a left frontal supratentorial tumor of a glioblastoma multiforme type, which manifested ... diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation with a left frontal supratentorial tumor of a glioblastoma multiforme type, which manifested ...
... cranioparyngioma was the commonest supratentorial neoplasm (45.4). In children less than 16 years medulloblastoma and pilocytic ... Brain Neoplasms , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension , Neurosurgical Procedures ... Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Breast Diseases , Diagnostic Services , Breast Neoplasms , Ultrasonography, Mammary , Medical ... Out of 104 brain tumours; 83(79.8) were supratentorial and 21(20.2) were infratentorial in location while in adults 72(84.7) ...
Seizures in children with supratentorial astroglial neoplasms. Pediatr Neurosurg 1994;21(1):23-30. PMID 7947306 ... of patients with supratentorial malignant gliomas (36). Supratentorial tumors were more commonly associated with seizures than ... The differential diagnosis at that time was a primary glial neoplasm and, less likely, lymphoma, given a lack of significant ... Using previous classification schemas, the consensus was that as a group, supratentorial malignant gliomas have a less than 30 ...
D33.0] Benign neoplasm of brain, supratentorial (1). * [D33.1] Benign neoplasm of brain, infratentorial (1). ... D37.0] Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of lip, oral cavity and pharynx (1). ...
Supratentorial Neoplasms Explore _. Co-Authors (16) People in Profiles who have published with this person. ...
DTIs are WHO grade I neoplasms that are usually large and supratentorial. Neuroimaging further reveals enhancing solid and ... 3 The majority of these neoplasms reside in the supratentorial compartment and, as noted by Volpe, the clinical manifestations ... All tumours were supratentorial and all, save for one, involved the cerebral hemispheric lobes. Five of six were either ... interpreted this neoplasm to be malignant. A fairly detailed pathological description was offered and included spindle cells, ...
... supratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.885.500 - hypothalamic neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.885.500.600 - pituitary ... supratentorial neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.700.500 - hypothalamic neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.250.700.500.500 - pituitary ... spinal cord neoplasms MeSH C10.551.240.750.200 - epidural neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551. ... brain neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280 - cerebral ventricle neoplasms MeSH C10.228.140.211.280.300 - choroid plexus neoplasms ...
Information about the SNOMED CT code 94767002 representing Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain. ... Neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of brain, supratentorial 189487001. *Papillary glioneuronal tumor of brain 1156457009 ... Neoplasm of head 126631009. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of head 94864000. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of brain 94767002. ... Neoplasm of central nervous system 126951006. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of central nervous system 94784008. Neoplasm of ...
... supratentorial; supratentorial gliomas; supratentorial neoplasms; suprathoracic; supratonsillar; supratonsillar fossa; ...
Intraoperative electrocorticography-guided microsurgical management for patients with onset of supratentorial neoplasms ... Predictors of seizure freedom after resection of supratentorial low-grade gliomas. A review. J Neurosurg. 2011;115:240-4. ...
... monitoring during electrical stimulation in awake craniotomies for resection of supratentorial neoplasms is robust, but its ... Additionally, it is critical to not mistake TPB for alternative diagnoses, such as focal cortical dysplasia or neoplasm. ... with potential influence in outcomes for patients undergoing resection of high-grade glial neoplasms. ...
... of all diagnoses of pediatric supratentorial brain tumors. These neoplasms are highly proliferative and mitotically active and ... For this technique, a supratentorial craniotomy is used to expose the transverse sinus from above, and subsequently, dissection ... Patients with infratentorial tumors had improved overall survival compared with those with supratentorial tumors. Progression- ... had supratentorial ependymomas and 31% presented with infratentorial lesions. Regardless of tumor location or pathological ...
Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Supratentorial Neoplasms:drug therapy,. : In a 41 year old man, with Glioblastoma ... Intestinal Neoplasms:metabolism, Intestine, Small:pathology, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neuroendocrine Tumors: ... Neoplasm Grading, Radiosurgery:instrumentation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Retrospective Studies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, . ...
Central Nervous System Neoplasms [C04.588.614.250]. *Brain Neoplasms [C04.588.614.250.195]. *Supratentorial Neoplasms [C04.588. ... Central Nervous System Neoplasms [C10.551.240]. *Brain Neoplasms [C10.551.240.250]. *Supratentorial Neoplasms [C10.551.240.250. ... Brain Neoplasms [C10.228.140.211]. *Supratentorial Neoplasms [C10.228.140.211.885]. *Hypothalamic Neoplasms [C10.228.140.211. ...
Dive into the research topics of Radiation therapy treatment planning in supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme: An analysis ... Radiation therapy treatment planning in supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme: An analysis based on post mortem topographic ...
Supratentorial Neoplasms. *Syndrome. *Tectorial Membrane. *Texas. *Thrombophilia. *Thrombosis. *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ...
A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord. ... Childhood supratentorial embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered*Pediatric cerebral ependymoblastoma ... Neoplasm of the central nervous system*Primary Central Nervous System Neoplasm*Benign Intracranial Neoplasm*Benign Intracranial ... Refractory Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm. *Refractory Spinal Cord Neoplasm*Refractory Adult Spinal Cord ...
  • A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from the brain or the spinal cord. (beds.ac.uk)
  • PAs most frequently occur in the cerebellum, but are also found in other areas of the infratentorial (FCP) region like, brain stem, and fourth ventricle and in areas of the supratentorial (SVT) region like optic chiasm, diencephalon, third ventricle, and cerebral. (unica.it)
  • This is a case report of a 27-year-old female patient, G2P1, diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestation with a left frontal supratentorial tumor of a glioblastoma multiforme type, which manifested in the form of ictal absence. (unab.edu.co)
  • Glioblastoma Multiforme is a highly malignant central nervous system neoplasm. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • To characterize the incidence and mortality of the glioblastoma multiforme as it is seen at the primary care level, a retrospective study was done through the Georgia Tumor Registry on 299 patients with histologically confirmed supratentorial glioblastoma multiformes. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Treatment of a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor using magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy. (medtronic.com)
  • however, that term is no longer used to refer to a single tumor type but rather to a mixed neoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Flat tumors, termed en plaque, infiltrate the dura and grow as a thin carpet or sheet of tumor along the convexity dura, falx, or tentorium. (medscape.com)
  • This multicenter study aims to report neurofunctional status after resection of patients with supratentorial meningioma aged 80 years or older, to identify factors associated with outcome, and to validate a previously proposed decision support tool. (kl.ac.at)
  • We present an unusual case of a 9-year-old boy with a supratentorial ependymoma harboring a noncanonical ZFTA-MAML2 fusion. (uni-muenster.de)
  • This case had unusual histomorphological features lacking typical findings of ependymoma and bearing resemblance to a primitive neoplasm with focal, previously undescribed myogenic differentiation. (uni-muenster.de)
  • Ependymoma is a central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm composed of glial cells that have differentiated along ependymal lines. (medscape.com)
  • MRI is the diagnostic modality of choice in the workup and follow-up observation of intracranial neoplasms, including ependymoma. (medscape.com)
  • Seventy percent of supratentorial tumours are found in adults and seventy percent of brain tumours in children are infratentorial. (jebmh.com)
  • In general, they are preferentially located in the supratentorial compartment, and despite the occurrence of low-grade entities, these tumours are associated with a very poor prognosis. (touchoncology.com)
  • 2,3 The majority of these neoplasms reside in the supratentorial compartment and, as noted by Volpe, the clinical manifestations of congenital brain tumours usually involve one or more of four typical syndromes. (touchoncology.com)
  • Brain tumours are mixed group of neoplasms originating from the intracranial tissues. (waocp.com)
  • Tumours of the brain arise from neoplasms in the meninges and intracranial tissues. (hafsaabbas.com)
  • The T2*-weighted images from 7.0T brain MRI revealed detailed microvasculature and the internal contents of supratentorial brain tumors better than that of 1.5T brain MRI. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This study shows that 7.0T brain MRI can provide detailed information on the intratumoral components and margins in supratentorial brain tumors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm and the most diversified in histologic patterns among all primary tumors of the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • 3 , 9 , 16 , 29 , 30 ] In rare cases, distal extension into the pineal gland, optic chiasm, subcortical structures, and supratentorial ventricular system has been observed. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The main type of brain tumour is supratentorial that occurs in the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. (hafsaabbas.com)
  • The study confirmed previous suggestions that the incidence of the neoplasm is considerably higher in whites. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Figure A ) Cranial magnetic resonance imaging shows generalized parenchymal atrophy and dilation of the bilateral lateral ventricles with patent basal cisterns and coarse supratentorial calcifications involving the cortex, bilateral basal ganglia, and the vermis. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • B. Axial cranial MRI of case patient showing generalized parenchymal atrophy and dilation of the bilateral lateral ventricles (yellow arrows) with patent basal cisterns and coarse supratentorial calcifications involving the cortex (red arrows), basal ganglia bilaterally, and the vermis. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The majority of supratentorial ependymomas are known to harbor ZFTA fusions, most commonly to RELA . (uni-muenster.de)
  • Supratentorial ependymomas with noncanonical fusions are rare, and more studies are necessary for better risk stratification and identification of potential treatment targets. (uni-muenster.de)
  • In contrast, supratentorial WHO grade IV glioblastomas account for the majority of gliomas in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Magnetic resonance thermometry-guided laser-induced thermal therapy for intracranial neoplasms: initial experience. (medtronic.com)
  • No article was found for Supratentorial Neoplasms and NR3C1[original query] . (cdc.gov)
  • The Registry also provided the opportunity to define the relative racial frequencies of this neoplasm in a large biracial population. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This is the first study to demonstrate that Appalachian children are at greater risk of CNS neoplasms, and that much of this difference is in WHO grade I astrocytomas, 41% more common. (cdc.gov)
  • LGG are the most frequent brain neoplasms in children and young adults. (unica.it)
  • Meningiomas , as defined by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO), are "a group of mostly benign, slow-growing neoplasms that most likely derive from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid layer. (medscape.com)
  • Brain neoplasms occur at all ages and account for around 2-3 percent of all deaths in adults. (jebmh.com)
  • Meningiomas , as defined by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO), are "a group of mostly benign, slow-growing neoplasms that most likely derive from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid layer. (medscape.com)
  • Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), a benign neoplasm, is now a well recognized clinicopathological entity. (utmb.edu)
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disease characterized by the development of multiple hamartomas and benign or rarely malignant neoplasms distributed at various sites throughout the body, especially in the brain, skin, retina, kidney, heart, and lungs. (cindyandwendy.com)
  • 5. Monomorphous angiocentric glioma: a distinctive epileptogenic neoplasm with features of infiltrating astrocytoma and ependymoma. (nih.gov)
  • Unreliability of contemporary neurodiagnostic imaging in evaluating suspected adult supratentorial (low-grade) astrocytoma. (ajnr.org)
  • Supratentorial low-grade glioma is a heterogeneous group of brain tumours, accounting for roughly 10-15% of all adult primary intracranial tumours.Because of the relatively slow growth rate of low-grade gliomas, a long expected survival is not unreasonable. (checkorphan.org)
  • Without further information, however, the finding of solitary or multiple ring-enhancing lesions is not specific and the differential diagnosis is broad, including neoplasms, demyelinating disorders, other infections, and subacute insult to the brain parenchyma like contusion or stroke. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The main clinical signs were similar between the histogenetic categories, related to the involvement of the upper respiratory tract, sometimes accompanied by nervous signs (when there was brain invasion of nasal neoplasms or vice versa). (bvsalud.org)
  • Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system is a highly malignant neoplasm and that usually arises in the posterior fossa, survival from this is frequently poor. (karger.com)
  • A large cisterna magna was confirmed, and no other posterior fossa or supratentorial malformation was shown. (cindyandwendy.com)
  • Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation. (nih.gov)
  • Large supratentorial solitary inflammatory-demyelinating lesions (leukoencephalitis) may resemble neoplasms on MRI studies. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms constituted 2.1% of all neoplastic lesions seen in the study period. (atpjournal.org)
  • The lesions are either located near extra-axial infection or at common sites of hematogenous spread that are usually supratentorial, usually in the anterior circulation (ACA and MCA), and usually at the grey-white matter junctions and basal ganglia. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Figure 1: Post-contrast T1 weighted image (top row left) demonstrates multiple supratentorial ring-enhancing lesions with a thin capsule consistent with Early Capsule stage. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • This study aimed to quantify nasosinusal neoplasms diagnosed in dogs in 20 years (2000-2019) and characterize the main clinical, macroscopic, and histological aspects of these neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
  • 6. Supratentorial extraventricular ependymal neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 32 patients. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Supratentorial extraventricular ependymal neoplasms: a clinicopathologic study of 32 patients. (nih.gov)
  • This study suggests that the ICE combination is active in recurrent supratentorial malignant gliomas after failure of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but at the cost of substantial haematological toxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. (nih.gov)
  • and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (nih.gov)
  • Intracranial osteochondromas are very uncommon and represent only 0.1-0.3% of all intracranial neoplasms. (radiologyupdate.org)
  • Phase III study comparing three cycles of BCNU/Cisplatin followed by radiation therapy with radiation therapy and concurrent BCNU for patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma (ECOG 2394). (vumc.org)
  • Dr. Moots' research activities focus on chemotherapy trials for patients with primary CNS neoplasms. (vumc.org)
  • 16. Suprasellar giant cell ependymoma: a rare neoplasm in a unique location. (nih.gov)
  • Through this study, it was possible to establish the frequency of these neoplasms in 20 years and their clinical, macroscopic, and histological characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Introduction: Contrary to some earlier teachings that central nervous system (CNS) tumours are uncommon in black children, these neoplasms are the fourth most common paediatric tumours in Ibadan. (ajol.info)
  • Neoplasms background causes hematomas o the team calls you with eet no more often than with oral dosing or or recovery, a preemptive approach to patients and the widespread use o a e s d o chronic high requency lter above hz, and most, but not all postmenopausal women or on the institution where the meal he or she is a leading cause of hearing and vision. (easternpropane.com)
  • 7. Subependymomas Are Low-Grade Heterogeneous Glial Neoplasms Defined by Subventricular Zone Lineage Markers. (nih.gov)
  • Thirty-seven were WHO Grade 1, eleven Grade 2, ten Grade 3 and nineteen Grade 4 neoplasms. (ajol.info)
  • The neoplasms most frequently observed, in decreasing order of frequency, were: adenocarcinoma (9/50), squamous cell carcinoma (9/50), transmissible venereal tumor (5/50), osteosarcoma (5/50), chondrosarcoma (4/50), and undifferentiated sarcoma (4/50). (bvsalud.org)
  • The last major study of paediatric CNS neoplasms from Ibadan was in 1985. (ajol.info)
  • Stereotactic histologic correlations of computed tomography- and magnetic resonance imaging-defined abnormalities in patients with glial neoplasms. (ajnr.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging uses strong magnetic fields and optic neuritis mson history of symptoms or complications of amniocentesis to detect seizures and myoclonus, which are absent ba, bioavailability bp, blood pressure is stable, b.Uid restriction is often required to reduce the risk of mortality is o en novel or the treatment of acute noninfectious diarrhea and abdominal pain. (easternpropane.com)
  • Glial neoplasms: dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging. (ajnr.org)
  • Thirty-six patients previously treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy with a nitrosourea for malignant supratentorial gliomas received a combination of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (ICE) at tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • Click on any term below to browse the neoplasms index. (icd.codes)
  • The epithelial neoplasms have occurred in older dogs compared to those of other histogenic origins (mesenchymal and other origins/round cells). (bvsalud.org)
  • The frequency was 48% of epithelial neoplasms, 32% of mesenchymal neoplasms, and 10% of neoplasms with other origins and round cells. (bvsalud.org)