Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the DERMIS. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct.
Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, originating from the sweat glands (eccrine or apocrine) and found anywhere on the skin surface.
The fluid excreted by the SWEAT GLANDS. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products.
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.
Sebaceous gland neoplasms are uncommon cutaneous tumors that originate from the sebaceous glands, which can be benign (e.g., seborrheic keratosis, syringoma, trichofolliculoma) or malignant (e.g., sebaceous carcinoma, sebaceomatosis, mucoepidermoid carcinoma).
Tumors or cancer of the anal gland.
Simple sweat glands that secrete sweat directly onto the SKIN.
Perianal glands, also known as hepatoid glands, are sebaceous glands located in the perianal region of many mammals, including humans, that produce and secret lubricating oils for skin protection and cleanliness.
Neoplasms of the sublingual glands.
A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)
A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. (Stedman, 25th ed)
The process of exocrine secretion of the SWEAT GLANDS, including the aqueous sweat from the ECCRINE GLANDS and the complex viscous fluids of the APOCRINE GLANDS.
Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.
Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A usually benign tumor made up predominantly of myoepithelial cells.
A benign tumor characterized histologically by tall columnar epithelium within a lymphoid tissue stroma. It is usually found in the salivary glands, especially the parotid.
Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.
Large, branched, specialized sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a HAIR FOLLICLE instead of directly onto the SKIN.
Submandibular Gland Neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors, which can be benign or malignant, originating from the glandular tissues of the submandibular salivary gland located beneath the mandible (jawbone).
Accessory salivary glands located in the lip, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth, palate and intramaxillary.
Transmembrane proteins belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that play an essential role in the normal development of several ectodermally derived organs. Several isoforms of the ectodysplasins exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the MRNA for the protein. The isoforms ectodysplasin A1 and ectodysplasin A2 are considered biologically active and each bind distinct ECTODYSPLASIN RECEPTORS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of ectodysplasin result in ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 1, ANHIDROTIC.
Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).
Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.
Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a cluster of oval alveoli. Each alveolus consists of a transparent BASEMENT MEMBRANE enclosing epithelial cells. The ducts from most sebaceous glands open into a HAIR FOLLICLE, but some open on the general surface of the SKIN. Sebaceous glands secrete SEBUM.
A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.
One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Members of the TNF receptor family that are specific for ECTODYSPLASIN. At least two subtypes of the ectodysplasin receptor exist, each being specific for a ectodysplasin isoform. Signaling through ectodysplasin receptors plays an essential role in the normal ectodermal development. Genetic defects that result in loss of ectodysplasin receptor function results ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA.
Neoplasms composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of other skin appendages. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the sebaceous or sweat glands or in the other skin appendages.
Abnormally diminished or absent perspiration. Both generalized and segmented (reduced or absent sweating in circumscribed locations) forms of the disease are usually associated with other underlying conditions.
A malignant tumor of the skin appendages, which include the hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and the mammary glands. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
The largest of the three pairs of SALIVARY GLANDS. They lie on the sides of the FACE immediately below and in front of the EAR.
Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.
A benign tumor of the sweat glands which is usually multiple and results from malformation of sweat ducts. It is uncommon and more common in females than in males. It is most likely to appear at adolescence, and further lesions may develop during adult life. It does not appear to be hereditary. (Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, pp2407-8)
The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
Reconstitution of eroded or injured EPITHELIUM by proliferation and migration of EPITHELIAL CELLS from below or adjacent to the damaged site.
Vesicular amine transporter proteins that transport the neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE into small SECRETORY VESICLES. Proteins of this family contain 12 transmembrane domains and exchange vesicular PROTONS for cytoplasmic acetylcholine.
A salivary gland on each side of the mouth below the TONGUE.
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.
Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, and upper bronchial EPITHELIUM. It plays an important role in maintaining water HOMEOSTASIS in the LUNGS and may also regulate release of SALIVA and TEARS in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the LACRIMAL GLAND.
The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.
An alpha adrenergic antagonist.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine).
The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).
A ectodysplasin receptor subtype that is specific for ECTODYSPLASIN A1. It signals via the specific signaling adaptor EDAR-ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN. Loss of function of the edar receptor is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA and ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 3, ANHIDROTIC.
A sebaceous gland that, in some animals, acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland. The harderian gland excretes fluid that facilitates movement of the third eyelid.
A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.
A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor that acts as a specific signaling adaptor protein for the EDAR RECEPTOR and plays an important role in ectodermal development. It binds to edar receptor via its C-terminal death domain region and to other specific TNF receptor-associated factors via its N-terminal domain. Loss of function of edar-associated death domain protein is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA.
4(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Cholinesterase inhibitor. Synonym: YuB 25.
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.
The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.
A rare malignant neoplasm of the sweat glands. It most often develops as a form of degenerative progression from a benign ECCRINE POROMA.
Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.
The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.
An X-linked form of ectodermal dysplasia which results from mutations of the gene encoding ECTODYSPLASIN.
An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.
Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.
A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

Multiple eyelid cysts resembling apocrine hidrocystomas in three Persian cats and one Himalayan cat. (1/131)

Multiple eyelid cysts were evaluated and treated in four cats. Surgical removal of the cysts was performed in two cats. Histopathologic examination revealed multilocular cystic structures of various size. The cysts were lined by cuboidal to columnar cells with papillary or cystic projections into the cyst lumen. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant granules were seen within the apical cytoplasm of many of the cells. The eyelid masses in these cats resembled apocrine hidrocystomas in human beings, both clinically and on histopathologic examination.  (+info)

Papillary hidradenoma: immunohistochemical analysis of steroid receptor profile with a focus on apocrine differentiation. (2/131)

AIM: To make a quantitative evaluation by image analysis of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and androgen receptors in papillary hidradenomas and anogenital sweat glands. METHODS: 20 papillary hidradenomas and the anogenital sweat glands detected in surgical specimens selected from 10 vulvectomies for squamous carcinoma, eight haemorrhoidectomies, and one anal polypectomy, all from female patients, were investigated by the avidinstreptavidin peroxidase testing system. RESULTS: 90% of papillary hidradenomas and almost all the anogenital sweat glands showed immunoreactivity for oestrogen receptor and, more weakly, for progesterone receptor, with immunolabelled nuclear area ranging from 10% to 90%. Conversely conventional sweat glands did not show any nuclear staining. Overexpression of androgen receptors occurred in 20% of papillary hidradenomas, with nuclear staining strictly bordering papillary epithelium with apocrine differentiation. There was no immunoreactivity for androgen receptors in anogenital sweat glands. CONCLUSIONS: Oestrogen and progesterone receptors seem to represent reliable markers for differentiating between anogenital sweat glands and conventional sweat glands, and a further link to explain why papillary hidradenomas occur almost exclusively in the female anogenital region. Positivity for oestrogen/progesterone receptors suggests that epithelia either of anogenital sweat glands or of papillary hidradenomas are controlled by ovarian steroid hormones. Androgen receptor nuclear staining of the epithelium with apocrine differentiation in vulvar papillary hidradenoma strengthens its homology with breast duct papilloma.  (+info)

Androgen receptors: a marker to increase sensitivity for identifying breast cancer in skin metastasis of unknown primary site. (3/131)

Metastatic lesions to the skin may present a dilemma in the identification of the primary site. Breast carcinoma, metastatic to the skin, that is negative for estrogen receptors (ERs) and/or progesterone receptors (PRs) may be mimicked by a number of other metastatic lesions. In the present study, 16 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded infiltrating ductal carcinomas metastatic to the skin, which were ER-/PR-, ER-/PR+, or ER+/PR-; 5 metastatic lesions to the skin from primary lesions other than breast cancer; and 5 eccrine tumors were examined for immunoreactivity to the androgen receptor. The majority of the metastatic breast lesions (82%) exhibited immunopositivity for androgen receptor, whereas the metastatic skin lesions from primary lesions other than breast cancer and the eccrine tumors were immunonegative. Thus, androgen receptor immunohistochemistry could serve as a marker to increase sensitivity for identifying breast cancer in skin metastasis of unknown primary sites.  (+info)

Malignant hidradenoma: a rare sweat gland tumour. (4/131)

Malignant hidradenoma is a rare sweat gland carcinoma, which can have an aggressive course with recurrence and/or metastasis. A case is reported, in an elderly male. The tumour had a histologic similarity to its benign counterpart, but exhibited additional features of infiltrative growth pattern and invasion of adjacent tissue.  (+info)

Eccrine adenocarcinoma of the footpads in 2 cats. (5/131)

Adenocarcinoma of sweat glands of the footpads was diagnosed in 2 cats. Clinical signs included lameness and swelling of multiple digits. Pulmonary metastasis was detected in one case. Diagnosis was based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. Eccrine adenocarcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of footpads lesions in aged cats.  (+info)

Clear cell hidradenoma of the eyelid: a case report. (6/131)

Sweat gland tumours are extremely rare in the eyelids. We report a case of a clear cell hidradenoma (nodular hidradenoma) in an elderly female, who had presented with a nodular swelling in a eyelid. Clear cell hidradenomas arise as intradermal nodules from eccrine sweat glands. Ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical studies have shown nodular hidradenomas to be intermediate between eccrine poroma and eccrine spiradenoma. No apocrine differentiation has ever been observed in these tumours. Malignant forms are distinctly unusual. This case is being documented for the extremely uncommon presentation of this tumour as an eyelid mass. Complete primary excision is advocated and local steroid preparations should bot be used.  (+info)

Molecular cytogenetic comparison of apocrine hyperplasia and apocrine carcinoma of the breast. (7/131)

The relationship of apocrine metaplasia to invasive breast cancer is controversial. Different authors have reported that apocrine differentiation in proliferative lesions may be a risk factor, a precursor lesion, or have no association with malignancy. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic alterations in benign apocrine hyperplasia with apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive apocrine carcinomas of the breast using comparative genomic hybridization. The mean number of alterations in apocrine hyperplasia was 4.1 (n = 10) compared to 10.2 in apocrine DCIS (n = 10) and 14.8 (n = 4) in invasive carcinoma. The most common alterations in apocrine hyperplasia were gains of 2q, 13q, and 1p and losses of 1p, 17q, 22q, 2p, 10q, and 16q. Apocrine DCIS and invasive carcinomas showed gains of 1q, 2q, 1p, and losses of 1p, 22q, 17q, 12q, and 16q as their most common DNA copy number changes. Apocrine hyperplasia is considered to be a benign lesion and its relationship to invasive carcinoma remains unclear. Our data suggest that some apocrine hyperplasias may be clonal proliferations. The mean number of alterations are lower in apocrine hyperplasia, however the changes show considerable overlap with those identified in in situ and invasive apocrine carcinoma. These alterations are also commonly seen in nonapocrine breast cancer. The data are consistent with apocrine hyperplasia as a putative nonobligate precursor of apocrine carcinoma.  (+info)

Metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma: response to docetaxel (Taxotere) chemotherapy. (8/131)

BACKGROUND: Eccrine porocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm of the intra-epidermal sweat gland duct. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case of eccrine porocarcinoma in a female renal transplant patient aged 45 years is described with a review of pertinent literature. RESULTS: The primary tumour was highly pleomorphic. In places large and small cells merged and focally the former component infiltrated the epidermis in a manner akin to Paget's disease of the breast. The majority of the tumour was high grade; using the modified Bloom and Richardson grading system, usually applied to mammary ductal carcinomas, the tumour graded as 3. Metastatic disease developed nine months following primary surgical treatment. The metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma was resistant to epirubicin but responded to docetaxel chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: There are no data to support the use of adjuvant therapy in the management of eccrine porocarcinoma. The use of the modified Bloom and Richardson grading system may define cases at high risk of relapse in which adjuvant therapy might be considered. Metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma has proven resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents. We report the first use of docetaxel in the management of this disease. The treatment was well tolerated and resulted in marked symptomatic and radiological responses. Treatment with docetaxel should be considered in future cases of this rare tumour.  (+info)

Sweat glands are specialized tubular structures in the skin that produce and secrete sweat, also known as perspiration. They are part of the body's thermoregulatory system, helping to maintain optimal body temperature by releasing water and heat through evaporation. There are two main types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine.

1. Eccrine sweat glands: These are distributed throughout the body, with a higher concentration on areas like the palms, soles, and forehead. They are responsible for producing a watery, odorless sweat that primarily helps to cool down the body through evaporation.

2. Apocrine sweat glands: These are mainly found in the axillary (armpit) region and around the anogenital area. They become active during puberty and produce a thick, milky fluid that does not have a strong odor on its own but can mix with bacteria on the skin's surface, leading to body odor.

Sweat glands are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, meaning they function involuntarily in response to various stimuli such as emotions, physical activity, or changes in environmental temperature.

Sweat gland neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the sweat glands. These growths can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign sweat gland neoplasms include hidradenomas and syringomas, which are usually slow-growing and cause little to no symptoms. Malignant sweat gland neoplasms, also known as sweat gland carcinomas, are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as a lump or mass under the skin, pain, swelling, and redness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the growth.

Sweat, also known as perspiration, is the fluid secreted by the sweat glands in human skin. It's primarily composed of water, with small amounts of sodium chloride, potassium, and other electrolytes. Sweat helps regulate body temperature through the process of evaporation, where it absorbs heat from the skin as it turns from a liquid to a gas.

There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine. Eccrine glands are found all over the body and produce a watery, odorless sweat in response to heat, physical activity, or emotional stress. Apocrine glands, on the other hand, are mainly located in the armpits and groin area and become active during puberty. They produce a thicker, milky fluid that can mix with bacteria on the skin's surface, leading to body odor.

It is important to note that while sweating is essential for maintaining normal body temperature and overall health, excessive sweating or hyperhidrosis can be a medical condition requiring treatment.

Salivary gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the salivary glands. These glands are responsible for producing saliva, which helps in digestion, lubrication of food and maintaining oral health. Salivary gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as swelling, painless lumps, or difficulty swallowing if they grow large enough to put pressure on surrounding tissues.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and have the potential to invade nearby structures and metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Symptoms of malignant salivary gland neoplasms may include rapid growth, pain, numbness, or paralysis of facial nerves.

Salivary gland neoplasms can occur in any of the major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands) or in the minor salivary glands located throughout the mouth and throat. The exact cause of these neoplasms is not fully understood, but risk factors may include exposure to radiation, certain viral infections, and genetic predisposition.

Sebaceous gland neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sebaceous glands, which are small oil-producing glands found in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sebum, a natural oil that helps keep the skin and hair moisturized. Sebaceous gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign sebaceous gland neoplasms include:

* Seborrheic keratosis: These are common, harmless growths that appear as rough, scaly patches on the skin. They can be tan, brown, or black in color and vary in size from small to large.
* Sebaceous adenoma: This is a benign tumor that arises from the sebaceous glands. It typically appears as a small, yellowish bump on the skin.

Malignant sebaceous gland neoplasms include:

* Sebaceous carcinoma: This is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that arises from the sebaceous glands. It often appears as a hard, painless nodule on the eyelid or other areas of the face and can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
* Basal cell carcinoma: While not exclusively a sebaceous gland neoplasm, basal cell carcinomas can sometimes arise from the sebaceous glands. These are slow-growing but invasive skin cancers that typically appear as pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.

It is important to have any new or changing growths on the skin evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine whether they are benign or malignant and to develop an appropriate treatment plan if necessary.

Anal gland neoplasms, also known as anal sac tumors, are abnormal growths that develop from the cells lining the anal glands. These glands are located on either side of the anus in dogs and some other animals, and they produce a scent used for marking territory.

Anal gland neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors are more common and tend to grow quickly, invading surrounding tissues and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). Common symptoms of anal gland neoplasms include straining to defecate, bleeding from the rectum, and a firm mass that can be felt near the anus.

Treatment for anal gland neoplasms typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may also be recommended. The prognosis for animals with anal gland neoplasms depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, whether it has spread to other parts of the body, and the overall health of the animal.

Eccrine glands are the most numerous type of sweat glands in the human body, found in virtually all skin locations. They play a crucial role in thermoregulation by producing a watery sweat that cools the body when it evaporates on the skin surface. These glands are distributed over the entire body, with a higher concentration on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and forehead.

Structurally, eccrine glands consist of two main parts: the coiled secretory portion located in the dermis and the straight duct that extends through the dermis and epidermis to reach the skin surface. The secretory portion is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium, while the duct is lined with a simple squamous or low cuboidal epithelium.

Eccrine glands are stimulated to produce sweat by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, particularly through the release of acetylcholine at the neuro-glandular junction. The sweat produced is primarily water with small amounts of electrolytes, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium. This composition helps maintain the body's electrolyte balance while facilitating heat loss during physical exertion or in hot environments.

Perianal glands, also known as hepatoid glands or circumanal glands, are specialized sebaceous glands located in the perianal region of many mammals, including dogs and cats. These glands are found in the skin around the anus and are responsible for producing a scent that is unique to each individual animal. The secretions from these glands play a role in territorial marking and communication.

In humans, there are no true perianal glands, but there are some sweat glands located in the perianal region that can sometimes become inflamed or infected, leading to conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa or perianal abscesses. However, these conditions are not related to the perianal glands found in animals.

Sublingual gland neoplasms refer to the abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sublingual salivary glands, which are located beneath the tongue in the floor of the mouth. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign sublingual gland neoplasms are typically slow-growing and cause little to no discomfort, although they may become large enough to interfere with speaking, swallowing, or breathing. Malignant sublingual gland neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow rapidly, invade surrounding tissues, and potentially spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

The most common type of benign sublingual gland neoplasm is a pleomorphic adenoma, while malignant tumors may include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment options for sublingual gland neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor but often involve surgical excision, with or without radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

A pleomorphic adenoma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that typically develops in the salivary glands, although they can also occur in other areas such as the nasopharynx and skin. "Pleomorphic" refers to the diverse appearance of the cells within the tumor, which can vary in size, shape, and arrangement.

Pleomorphic adenomas are composed of a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, which can form glandular structures, squamous (scale-like) cells, and areas that resemble cartilage or bone. These tumors tend to grow slowly and usually do not spread to other parts of the body.

While pleomorphic adenomas are generally not dangerous, they can cause problems if they become large enough to press on surrounding tissues or structures. In some cases, these tumors may also undergo malignant transformation, leading to a cancerous growth known as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Surgical removal is the standard treatment for pleomorphic adenomas, and the prognosis is generally good with proper management.

Parotid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the parotid gland, which is the largest of the salivary glands and is located in front of the ear and extends down the neck. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign parotid neoplasms are typically slow-growing, painless masses that may cause facial asymmetry or difficulty in chewing or swallowing if they become large enough to compress surrounding structures. The most common type of benign parotid tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.

Malignant parotid neoplasms, on the other hand, are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. They may present as rapidly growing masses that are firm or fixed to surrounding structures. Common types of malignant parotid tumors include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

The diagnosis of parotid neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical evaluation, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to determine the nature of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the neoplasm but may include surgical excision, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops in the salivary glands or, less commonly, in other areas such as the lungs or skin. It is called "mucoepidermoid" because it contains two types of cells: mucus-secreting cells and squamous (or epidermoid) cells.

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas can vary in their behavior, ranging from low-grade tumors that grow slowly and rarely spread to other parts of the body, to high-grade tumors that are aggressive and can metastasize. The treatment and prognosis for mucoepidermoid carcinoma depend on several factors, including the grade and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.

It is important to note that while I strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, this definition may not capture all the nuances of this medical condition. Therefore, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for medical advice.

A sweat gland adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops in the sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing sweat to help regulate body temperature. When an adenoma forms in the sweat glands, it can cause a variety of symptoms depending on its size and location.

Sweat gland adenomas are relatively rare and can occur anywhere on the body where there are sweat glands. They typically appear as painless, slow-growing lumps or bumps under the skin. In some cases, they may cause excessive sweating, discomfort, or other symptoms if they press on nearby nerves or structures.

The exact cause of sweat gland adenomas is not fully understood, but they are thought to arise from abnormal growth and division of the cells that make up the sweat glands. Treatment options for these tumors may include surgical removal, depending on their size, location, and symptoms. If left untreated, some sweat gland adenomas may continue to grow and cause complications over time.

Sweating, also known as perspiration, is the production of sweat by the sweat glands in the skin in response to heat, physical exertion, hormonal changes, or emotional stress. Sweat is a fluid composed mainly of water, with small amounts of sodium chloride, lactate, and urea. It helps regulate body temperature by releasing heat through evaporation on the surface of the skin. Excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, can be a medical condition that may require treatment.

Palatal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that occur on the palate, which is the roof of the mouth. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slower growing and less likely to spread, while malignant neoplasms are more aggressive and can invade nearby tissues and organs.

Palatal neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, environmental exposures, and viral infections. They may present with symptoms such as mouth pain, difficulty swallowing, swelling or lumps in the mouth, bleeding, or numbness in the mouth or face.

The diagnosis of palatal neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies, and sometimes biopsy to determine the type and extent of the growth. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or spread of the neoplasm.

Chloroprene is a colorless liquid with a mild, rubbery odor. It is chemically known as 2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene and is primarily used in the industrial production of polychloroprene, a type of synthetic rubber that is resistant to heat, oil, and weathering.

In a medical context, chloroprene itself is not commonly used or encountered. However, exposure to chloroprene during its manufacture or use in industrial settings has been associated with an increased risk of certain health effects, including neurological damage, liver toxicity, and cancer. Therefore, occupational safety regulations exist to limit worker exposure to this chemical.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare type of cancer that can occur in various glands and tissues of the body, most commonly in the salivary glands. AdCC is characterized by its slow growth and tendency to spread along nerves. It typically forms solid, cystic, or mixed tumors with distinct histological features, including epithelial cells arranged in tubular, cribriform, or solid patterns.

The term "carcinoma" refers to a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells lining various organs and glands. In this case, adenoid cystic carcinoma is a specific type of carcinoma that arises in the salivary glands or other glandular tissues.

The primary treatment options for AdCC include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy. Despite its slow growth, adenoid cystic carcinoma has a propensity to recur locally and metastasize to distant sites such as the lungs, bones, and liver. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the risk of late recurrences.

Myoepithelioma is a very rare, benign (non-cancerous) tumor that arises from the myoepithelial cells, which are found in various glands throughout the body, including salivary glands, sweat glands, and mammary glands. These tumors typically appear as slow-growing, painless masses. While they are usually benign, some myoepitheliomas can become malignant (cancerous) and invasive, leading to more serious health concerns. Treatment for myoepithelioma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor.

Adenolymphoma is a rare, benign tumor that arises from the lymphoid tissue found in glandular structures, such as the salivary glands. It is also known as Warthin's tumor or cystic papillary adenolymphoma.

The tumor is composed of multiple cyst-like spaces lined by columnar epithelial cells and surrounded by lymphoid tissue, which may contain lymphocytes, plasma cells, and occasionally, germinal centers. The etiology of adenolymphoma is unclear, but it has been associated with smoking and genetic factors.

Adenolymphomas are typically slow-growing and painless, although they can cause discomfort or facial asymmetry if they become large enough. They are usually diagnosed through imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, followed by a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of adenolymphoma typically involves surgical excision, which is usually curative. Recurrence after surgery is rare, but long-term follow-up is recommended due to the potential for malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma or other malignancies.

Sweat gland diseases are medical conditions that affect the functioning or structure of sweat glands, leading to excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), lack of sweating (anhydrosis), or abnormal sweating (e.g., foul-smelling sweat). There are two main types of sweat glands in humans: eccrine glands, which produce a watery sweat that helps regulate body temperature, and apocrine glands, which are located in the armpits and groin and produce a thicker, milky sweat that can mix with bacteria on the skin and cause body odor.

Some examples of sweat gland diseases include:

1. Hidradenitis suppurativa: A chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the apocrine glands, leading to the formation of abscesses, nodules, and sinus tracts.
2. Primary focal hyperhidrosis: A condition that causes excessive sweating in specific areas of the body, such as the armpits, hands, feet, or face, without any underlying medical cause.
3. Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis: Excessive sweating that affects the entire body and is caused by an underlying medical condition, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, or obesity.
4. Cystic adenoma of the axilla: A benign tumor that arises from the apocrine glands in the armpit.
5. Eccrine nevus: A rare congenital condition characterized by an increased number of eccrine glands in a localized area of the skin, leading to excessive sweating.
6. Fox-Fordyce disease: A chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the apocrine glands, causing itchy papules and pustules in the armpits and groin.
7. Pachyonychia congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by thickened nails, palmoplantar keratoderma, and abnormalities of the eccrine glands, leading to excessive sweating and odor production.

Apocrine glands are a type of sweat gland found in mammals, including humans. They are most concentrated in areas with dense hair follicles, such as the axillae (armpits) and genital region. These glands release their secretions into the hair follicle, which then reaches the skin surface through the pores.

Apocrine glands become active during puberty and are associated with the production of odorous sweat. The sweat produced by apocrine glands is initially odorless but can acquire a smell when it comes into contact with bacteria on the skin surface, which break down the organic compounds in the sweat. This can contribute to body odor.

It's important to note that while apocrine glands are often associated with body odor, they do not cause body odor directly. The odor is produced when the sweat from apocrine glands mixes with bacteria on the skin surface.

Submandibular gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the submandibular glands. These are one of the three pairs of major salivary glands located beneath the jaw and produce saliva that helps in digestion. Submandibular gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms are typically slow-growing, do not invade surrounding tissues, and rarely spread to other parts of the body. Common types of benign submandibular gland neoplasms include pleomorphic adenomas and monomorphic adenomas.

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are aggressive and can invade nearby structures or metastasize (spread) to distant organs. Common types of malignant submandibular gland neoplasms include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma.

Symptoms of submandibular gland neoplasms may include a painless swelling or mass in the neck, difficulty swallowing, speaking, or breathing, numbness or tingling in the tongue or lips, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor but often involve surgical excision, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Minor salivary glands are numerous small exocrine glands that produce saliva and are distributed throughout the oral cavity, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and paranasal sinuses. They are classified as "minor" due to their smaller size compared to the three pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual). The minor salivary glands are primarily mucous glands, although some contain serous cells. They are responsible for producing approximately 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. These glands help moisten the oral cavity, protect the mucosal lining, and facilitate speaking, chewing, and swallowing.

Ectodysplasins are a group of signaling proteins that play crucial roles in the development and differentiation of ectodermal tissues, including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. They are involved in various signaling pathways and help regulate cell growth, migration, and pattern formation during embryogenesis. Mutations in genes encoding ectodysplasins can lead to genetic disorders characterized by abnormalities in these tissues, such as ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.

Salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva, which is secreted into the oral cavity to keep the mouth and throat moist, aid in digestion by initiating food breakdown, and help maintain dental health. There are three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands located in the cheeks, the submandibular glands found beneath the jaw, and the sublingual glands situated under the tongue. Additionally, there are numerous minor salivary glands distributed throughout the oral cavity lining. These glands release their secretions through a system of ducts into the mouth.

Endocrine gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths (tumors) that develop in the endocrine glands. These glands are responsible for producing hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate various functions and processes in the body. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms tend to grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may also metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can occur in any of the endocrine glands, including:

1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it produces several hormones that regulate growth and development, as well as other bodily functions.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and calcium balance.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones such as adrenaline, cortisol, and aldosterone that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located behind the stomach, it produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels, and digestive enzymes that help break down food.
6. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
7. Gonads (ovaries and testicles): located in the pelvis (ovaries) and scrotum (testicles), they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics.

Endocrine gland neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on the type and location of the tumor. For example, a pituitary gland neoplasm may cause headaches, vision problems, or hormonal imbalances, while an adrenal gland neoplasm may cause high blood pressure, weight gain, or mood changes.

Diagnosis of endocrine gland neoplasms typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to measure hormone levels. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy, depending on the type and stage of the tumor.

Exocrine glands are a type of gland in the human body that produce and release substances through ducts onto an external or internal surface. These glands are responsible for secreting various substances such as enzymes, hormones, and lubricants that help in digestion, protection, and other bodily functions.

Exocrine glands can be further classified into three types based on their mode of secretion:

1. Merocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by exocytosis, where the secretory product is enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell. Examples include sweat glands and mucous glands.
2. Apocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by pinching off a portion of the cytoplasm along with the secretory product. An example is the apocrine sweat gland found in the armpits and genital area.
3. Holocrine glands: These glands release their secretions by disintegrating and releasing the entire cell, including its organelles and secretory products. An example is the sebaceous gland found in the skin, which releases an oily substance called sebum.

Sebaceous glands are microscopic, exocrine glands that are found in the dermis of mammalian skin. They are attached to hair follicles and produce an oily substance called sebum, which is composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and metabolites of fat-producing cells (fatty acids, cholesterol). Sebum is released through a duct onto the surface of the skin, where it forms a protective barrier that helps to prevent water loss, keeps the skin and hair moisturized, and has antibacterial properties.

Sebaceous glands are distributed throughout the body, but they are most numerous on the face, scalp, and upper trunk. They can also be found in other areas of the body such as the eyelids (where they are known as meibomian glands), the external ear canal, and the genital area.

Abnormalities in sebaceous gland function can lead to various skin conditions, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain types of skin cancer.

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the development and formation of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The condition is usually present at birth or appears in early infancy.

The symptoms of ED can vary widely depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder. Common features may include:

* Sparse or absent hair
* Thin, wrinkled, or rough skin
* Abnormal or missing teeth
* Nail abnormalities
* Absent or reduced sweat glands, leading to heat intolerance and problems regulating body temperature
* Ear abnormalities, which can result in hearing loss
* Eye abnormalities

ED is caused by mutations in genes that are involved in the development of ectodermal tissues. Most cases of ED are inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that a child can inherit the disorder even if only one parent (dominant) or both parents (recessive) carry the mutated gene.

There is no cure for ED, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include measures to maintain body temperature, such as cooling vests or frequent cool baths; dental treatments to replace missing teeth; hearing aids for hearing loss; and skin care regimens to prevent dryness and irritation.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

Mammary glands are specialized exocrine glands found in mammals, including humans and other animals. These glands are responsible for producing milk, which is used to nurse offspring after birth. The mammary glands are located in the breast region of female mammals and are usually rudimentary or absent in males.

In animals, mammary glands can vary in number and location depending on the species. For example, humans and other primates have two mammary glands, one in each breast. Cows, goats, and sheep, on the other hand, have multiple pairs of mammary glands located in their lower abdominal region.

Mammary glands are made up of several structures, including lobules, ducts, and connective tissue. The lobules contain clusters of milk-secreting cells called alveoli, which produce and store milk. The ducts transport the milk from the lobules to the nipple, where it is released during lactation.

Mammary glands are an essential feature of mammals, as they provide a source of nutrition for newborn offspring. They also play a role in the development and maintenance of the mother-infant bond, as nursing provides opportunities for physical contact and bonding between the mother and her young.

The submandibular glands are one of the major salivary glands in the human body. They are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and produce saliva that helps in digestion, lubrication, and protection of the oral cavity. The saliva produced by the submandibular glands contains enzymes like amylase and mucin, which aid in the digestion of carbohydrates and provide moisture to the mouth and throat. Any medical condition or disease that affects the submandibular gland may impact its function and could lead to problems such as dry mouth (xerostomia), swelling, pain, or infection.

Ectodysplasin receptors are a group of proteins that belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. They play crucial roles in the development and function of ectodermal tissues, which include the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands.

There are two main types of Ectodysplasin receptors: EDAR (Ectodysplasin A Receptor) and XEDAR (X-linked Ectodysplasin A Receptor). These receptors bind to their respective ligands, Ectodysplasin A (EDA) and Ectodysplasin A2 (EDA2), which are also members of the TNF family.

When EDA or EDA2 binds to EDAR or XEDAR, it activates a signaling pathway that involves several downstream molecules, including TRAF6 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6) and NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). This signaling cascade ultimately leads to the regulation of gene expression and cellular responses that are essential for ectodermal development.

Mutations in the genes encoding EDA, EDAR, or XEDAR have been associated with various genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasias, which are characterized by abnormalities in the development of ectodermal tissues.

Neoplasms, adnexal and skin appendage refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sweat glands, hair follicles, or other structures associated with the skin. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur anywhere on the body.

Adnexal neoplasms are tumors that arise from the sweat glands or hair follicles, including the sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands. These tumors can range in size and severity, and they may cause symptoms such as pain, itching, or changes in the appearance of the skin.

Skin appendage neoplasms are similar to adnexal neoplasms, but they specifically refer to tumors that arise from structures such as hair follicles, nails, and sweat glands. Examples of skin appendage neoplasms include pilomatricomas (tumors of the hair follicle), trichilemmomas (tumors of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle), and sebaceous adenomas (tumors of the sebaceous glands).

It is important to note that while many adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms are benign, some can be malignant and may require aggressive treatment. If you notice any unusual growths or changes in your skin, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and care.

Hypohidrosis is a medical condition characterized by reduced or absent sweating. It's the opposite of hyperhidrosis, which is excessive sweating. Sweating is an essential function that helps regulate body temperature through the evaporation of sweat on the skin surface. When this process is impaired due to hypohidrosis, it can lead to difficulties in maintaining a normal body temperature, especially during physical exertion or in hot environments.

Hypohidrosis may be localized, affecting only certain areas of the body, or generalized, affecting the entire body. The causes of hypohidrosis are varied and include genetic factors, nerve damage, skin disorders, dehydration, burns, or the use of certain medications. Depending on its underlying cause, hypohidrosis can be managed through appropriate treatments, such as addressing nerve damage, managing skin conditions, or adjusting medication usage.

Carcinoma of the skin appendages refers to a type of cancer that originates in the specialized cells of the skin's sweat glands, hair follicles, or sebaceous glands. These cancers are relatively rare and can present as various subtypes, including eccrine carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, hidradenocarcinoma, and malignant adnexal tumors.

The symptoms of skin appendage carcinomas may include:

1. A firm, painless lump or nodule under the skin that may be skin-colored, red, or blue.
2. Ulceration, crusting, or bleeding from the lesion.
3. Itching, burning, or pain in the affected area.
4. Lymph node enlargement near the tumor site.

Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy to ensure complete removal and reduce the risk of recurrence. Regular follow-up appointments with a dermatologist or oncologist are essential for monitoring and early detection of any potential recurrences or new primary cancers.

Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist, which means it stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system by binding to muscarinic receptors. It is primarily used in the treatment of dry mouth (xerostomia) caused by radiation therapy or Sjögren's syndrome, as well as in the management of glaucoma due to its ability to construct the pupils and reduce intraocular pressure. Pilocarpine can also be used to treat certain cardiovascular conditions and chronic bronchitis. It is available in various forms, including tablets, ophthalmic solutions, and topical gels.

The parotid gland is the largest of the major salivary glands. It is a bilobed, accessory digestive organ that secretes serous saliva into the mouth via the parotid duct (Stensen's duct), located near the upper second molar tooth. The parotid gland is primarily responsible for moistening and lubricating food to aid in swallowing and digestion.

Anatomically, the parotid gland is located in the preauricular region, extending from the zygomatic arch superiorly to the angle of the mandible inferiorly, and from the masseter muscle anteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly. It is enclosed within a fascial capsule and has a rich blood supply from the external carotid artery and a complex innervation pattern involving both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers.

Parotid gland disorders can include salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis), infections, inflammatory conditions, benign or malignant tumors, and autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome.

Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond the normal requirement for thermoregulation. It can affect various parts of the body, but it primarily occurs in the palms, soles, underarms, and face. The sweating can be so profuse that it can interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress or embarrassment. Hyperhidrosis can be primary (idiopathic), meaning there is no underlying medical condition causing it, or secondary, due to a known cause such as anxiety, certain medications, infections, or medical conditions like diabetes or hyperthyroidism.

Syringomas are benign, slow-growing skin tumors that originate from the eccrine sweat glands. They typically appear as multiple, small, skin-colored or slightly yellowish papules, often found on the lower eyelids, upper cheeks, and other areas of the face. They can also occur on the chest, abdomen, and genital regions. Syringomas are more common in women than men and usually develop during adolescence or early adulthood. While they are generally harmless and do not cause any symptoms, some people may seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.

In medical terms, the skin is the largest organ of the human body. It consists of two main layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer), as well as accessory structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands. The skin plays a crucial role in protecting us from external factors such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental hazards, while also regulating body temperature and enabling the sense of touch.

Re-epithelialization is a medical term that refers to the process of healing and restoration of the epithelium, which is the tissue that lines the outer surface of the body and the inner surfaces of organs and cavities. This tissue is made up of cells called epithelial cells, which form a protective barrier against the external environment.

Re-epithelialization occurs when the epithelium is damaged or injured, such as during wound healing. During this process, specialized epithelial cells called keratinocytes migrate to the site of injury and proliferate, eventually covering the wounded area and forming a new layer of epithelium. This helps to restore the protective barrier and prevent infection and other complications.

Re-epithelialization is an important part of the healing process and is necessary for the proper functioning of many organs and systems in the body. It is a complex process that involves the coordinated interaction of various cells, signaling molecules, and other factors.

Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins (VAChT) are specialized integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in the storage and release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) within synaptic vesicles. These transport proteins are located in the membranes of synaptic vesicles, which are small, membrane-bound organelles found in nerve terminals.

VAChT is responsible for actively transporting ACh from the cytosol (the fluid inside the cell) into these synaptic vesicles. The protein uses the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to move ACh against its concentration gradient, accumulating it within the vesicles to high concentrations. This allows for the efficient and rapid release of ACh into the synapse upon stimulation of the nerve terminal, facilitating neurotransmission between neurons.

Defects in VAChT function or expression have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including certain forms of epilepsy and mental retardation, highlighting its importance in maintaining normal neural communication.

The sublingual glands are a pair of salivary glands located in the floor of the mouth, beneath the tongue. They are the smallest of the major salivary glands and produce around 5-10% of the total saliva in the mouth. The sublingual glands secrete saliva containing electrolytes, enzymes (such as amylase), and antibacterial compounds that help in digestion, lubrication, and protection against microorganisms.

The sublingual glands' secretions are released through multiple small ducts called the ducts of Rivinus or minor sublingual ducts, as well as a larger duct called the duct of Wharton, which is a common excretory duct for both sublingual and submandibular glands.

Sublingual gland dysfunction can lead to conditions such as dry mouth (xerostomia), dental caries, or oral infections.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.

Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.

Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.

There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. When this gene is not functioning properly, thick, sticky mucus builds up in various organs, leading to a range of symptoms.

In the lungs, this mucus can clog the airways, making it difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of lung infections. Over time, lung damage can occur, which may lead to respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus can prevent the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, impairing nutrient absorption and leading to malnutrition. CF can also affect the reproductive system, liver, and other organs.

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis may include persistent coughing, wheezing, lung infections, difficulty gaining weight, greasy stools, and frequent greasy diarrhea. The severity of the disease can vary significantly among individuals, depending on the specific genetic mutations they have inherited.

Currently, there is no cure for cystic fibrosis, but treatments are available to help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These may include airway clearance techniques, medications to thin mucus, antibiotics to treat infections, enzyme replacement therapy, and a high-calorie, high-fat diet. Lung transplantation is an option for some individuals with advanced lung disease.

Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a type of aquaporin, which is a family of water channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water molecules across cell membranes. Specifically, AQP5 is found in various tissues, including the lungs, salivary and lacrimal glands, sweat glands, and cornea. It plays a crucial role in maintaining water homeostasis and lubrication in these tissues.

In the lungs, AQP5 helps regulate airway surface liquid volume and composition, contributing to proper lung function. In the salivary and lacrimal glands, it aids in fluid secretion, ensuring adequate moisture in the mouth and eyes. In sweat glands, AQP5 facilitates water transport during sweating, helping to regulate body temperature. Lastly, in the cornea, AQP5 helps maintain transparency and hydration, contributing to clear vision.

Defects or dysfunctions in AQP5 can lead to various conditions, such as dry mouth (xerostomia), dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), and potentially impaired lung function.

An "injection, intradermal" refers to a type of injection where a small quantity of a substance is introduced into the layer of skin between the epidermis and dermis, using a thin gauge needle. This technique is often used for diagnostic or research purposes, such as conducting allergy tests or administering immunizations in a way that stimulates a strong immune response. The injection site typically produces a small, raised bump (wheal) that disappears within a few hours. It's important to note that intradermal injections should be performed by trained medical professionals to minimize the risk of complications.

Dibenzylchloroethane is not a medical term or a medication used in medicine. It is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2CHCl. This compound is not commonly used in a clinical setting, and it does not have a specific medical definition. If you have any questions about a specific chemical compound or medication, I would be happy to help if you provide more context.

Methacholine compounds are medications that are used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and confirm the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with respiratory symptoms such as cough, wheeze, or shortness of breath. These compounds act as bronchoconstrictors, causing narrowing of the airways in individuals who have heightened sensitivity and reactivity of their airways, such as those with asthma.

Methacholine is a synthetic derivative of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that mediates nerve impulse transmission in the body. When inhaled, methacholine binds to muscarinic receptors on the smooth muscle surrounding the airways, leading to their contraction and narrowing. The degree of bronchoconstriction is then measured to assess the patient's airway responsiveness.

It is important to note that methacholine compounds are not used as therapeutic agents but rather as diagnostic tools in a controlled medical setting under the supervision of healthcare professionals.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium. It forms a protective barrier that prevents water loss and inhibits the entry of microorganisms. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and its cells are nourished by diffusion from the underlying dermis. The bottom-most layer of the epidermis, called the stratum basale, is responsible for generating new skin cells that eventually move up to replace dead cells on the surface. This process of cell turnover takes about 28 days in adults.

The most superficial part of the epidermis consists of dead cells called squames, which are constantly shed and replaced. The exact rate at which this happens varies depending on location; for example, it's faster on the palms and soles than elsewhere. Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are also located in the epidermis, specifically within the stratum basale layer.

In summary, the epidermis is a vital part of our integumentary system, providing not only physical protection but also playing a crucial role in immunity and sensory perception through touch receptors called Pacinian corpuscles.

The EDA receptor (Ectodysplasin A receptor) is a gene that encodes a transmembrane protein involved in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including the skin and hair follicles. The Edar receptor plays a crucial role in the signaling pathway that regulates the formation and patterning of these structures during embryonic development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with several human genetic disorders, such as ectodermal dysplasia, which is characterized by abnormalities in the hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands.

The Harderian gland is a specialized exocrine gland located in many vertebrate species, including birds and mammals. In humans, it is rudimentary and not fully developed. However, in other animals like rodents, lagomorphs (rabbits and hares), and some reptiles, this gland plays a significant role.

The Harderian gland is primarily responsible for producing and secreting lipids, which help to lubricate the eye's surface and the nictitating membrane (third eyelid). This lubrication ensures that the eyes remain moist and protected from dryness and external irritants. Additionally, the secretions of the Harderian gland contain immunoglobulins, which contribute to the animal's immune defense system by providing protection against pathogens.

In some animals, the Harderian gland also has a role in pheromone production and communication. The study and understanding of this gland are particularly important in toxicological research, as it is often used as an indicator of environmental pollutant exposure and their effects on wildlife.

The adrenal glands are a pair of endocrine glands that are located on top of the kidneys. Each gland has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex produces hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens, which regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and other vital functions. The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, including epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help the body respond to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness.

Edar-associated death domain protein (EDARADD) is a gene that encodes for a protein involved in the signaling pathway of the ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR). The EDAR signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the development of various organs, including skin, hair, teeth, and sweat glands.

The EDARADD protein contains a death domain that interacts with the death domain of EDAR upon activation by ectodysplasin A (EDA). This interaction leads to the recruitment of additional signaling proteins and ultimately activates downstream targets, which regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Mutations in the EDARADD gene have been associated with several human genetic disorders, including ectodermal dysplasias, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and an autosomal recessive form of cleft lip/palate. These conditions are characterized by abnormalities in the development of structures derived from the ectoderm, such as skin, hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Naphthylvinylpyridine" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. It appears to be more related to organic chemistry than to medicine. Naphthylvinylpyridine is an aromatic compound consisting of a pyridine ring (a six-membered ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom) substituted with a naphthalene ring and a vinyl group.

This compound may have potential uses in various chemical reactions or processes, but it does not have a direct relevance to medical definitions as far as I am aware. If you have any further questions about organic chemistry or related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them, to the best of my ability.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

Body temperature regulation, also known as thermoregulation, is the process by which the body maintains its core internal temperature within a narrow range, despite varying external temperatures. This is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, which acts as a thermostat and receives input from temperature receptors throughout the body. When the body's temperature rises above or falls below the set point, the hypothalamus initiates responses to bring the temperature back into balance. These responses can include shivering to generate heat, sweating to cool down, vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels to regulate heat loss, and changes in metabolic rate. Effective body temperature regulation is crucial for maintaining optimal physiological function and overall health.

In medical terms, the foot is the part of the lower limb that is distal to the leg and below the ankle, extending from the tarsus to the toes. It is primarily responsible for supporting body weight and facilitating movement through push-off during walking or running. The foot is a complex structure made up of 26 bones, 33 joints, and numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves that work together to provide stability, balance, and flexibility. It can be divided into three main parts: the hindfoot, which contains the talus and calcaneus (heel) bones; the midfoot, which includes the navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; and the forefoot, which consists of the metatarsals and phalanges that form the toes.

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from the eccrine sweat glands. These glands are responsible for producing most of the sweat that helps to cool the body. Eccrine porocarcinoma typically appears as a slow-growing, firm nodule or plaque on the skin, often occurring on the head, neck, or trunk. It can also present as an ulcerated lesion.

The development of eccrine porocarcinoma is thought to be associated with long-term sun exposure, chronic irritation, and immunosuppression. The exact cause of this cancer remains unclear. Treatment usually involves surgical excision of the tumor, with possible radiation therapy or chemotherapy in advanced cases. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary due to the risk of recurrence and metastasis (spread) to other parts of the body.

Adrenal gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the adrenal glands. These glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. Adrenal gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign adrenal tumors are called adenomas and are usually small and asymptomatic. However, some adenomas may produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, weight gain, and mood changes.

Malignant adrenal tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas and are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances.

It is important to diagnose and treat adrenal gland neoplasms early to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as hormone level testing and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

"Skin physiological phenomena" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, I can provide some information about the general concepts that might be encompassed by this term.

Physiological phenomena refer to the functions and processes that occur in living organisms. When it comes to the skin, there are many different physiological phenomena that take place, including:

1. Barrier function: The skin acts as a barrier to protect the body from external elements such as bacteria, viruses, chemicals, and UV radiation.
2. Temperature regulation: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweat production and blood flow.
3. Sensation: The skin contains nerve endings that allow us to feel touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
4. Vitamin D synthesis: The skin can produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
5. Moisture regulation: The skin helps maintain the body's moisture balance by producing sweat and preventing water loss.
6. Immunological function: The skin plays a role in the immune system by providing a physical barrier and containing immune cells that help fight off infections.
7. Excretion: The skin eliminates waste products through sweat.
8. Wound healing: The skin has the ability to repair itself after injury, through a complex process involving inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling.

Therefore, "skin physiological phenomena" could refer to any or all of these functions and processes that take place in the skin.

Ectodermal dysplasia 1, anhidrotic (EDA) is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the development of structures derived from the ectodermal layer of the embryo. The ectoderm is one of the three germ layers that form during embryonic development and gives rise to the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands, among other structures.

The term "anhidrotic" in EDA refers to the absence or reduced function of sweat glands (hypohidrosis or anhidrosis), which can lead to overheating and difficulty regulating body temperature. This is a key feature of this form of ectodermal dysplasia.

EDA is caused by mutations in the EDA gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called ectodysplasin A. This protein plays a crucial role in the development of ectodermal structures, particularly during early embryonic stages. Mutations in the EDA gene can lead to abnormal development and function of these structures, resulting in the symptoms associated with EDA.

Some common features of EDA include:

1. Absent or sparse hair (hypotrichosis)
2. Abnormal or missing teeth (oligodontia)
3. Absent or reduced sweat glands (anhidrosis or hypohidrosis)
4. Characteristic facial features, such as a prominent forehead, thick eyebrows, and a saddle nose
5. Dry, rough, or thin skin
6. Nail abnormalities

EDA is typically inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that males are more likely to be affected than females. Females who carry the mutated gene can also show milder symptoms of the disorder. There is no cure for EDA, but various treatments and management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

A hypertrophic cicatrix is a type of scar that forms when the body overproduces collagen during the healing process. Collagen is a protein that helps to repair and strengthen tissues in the body. However, when too much collagen is produced, it can cause the scar to become thickened, raised, and firm.

Hypertrophic scars are usually red or pink in color and may be itchy or painful. They typically develop within a few weeks of an injury or surgery and can continue to grow for several months before eventually stabilizing. Unlike keloids, which are a more severe type of scar that can grow beyond the boundaries of the original wound, hypertrophic scars do not extend beyond the site of the injury.

While hypertrophic scars can be unsightly and cause discomfort, they are generally not harmful to one's health. Treatment options may include corticosteroid injections, silicone gel sheeting, pressure therapy, or laser surgery to help reduce the size and appearance of the scar. It is important to seek medical advice if you are concerned about a hypertrophic scar or if it is causing significant discomfort or distress.

Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.

Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

Adrenergic fibers are a type of nerve fiber that releases neurotransmitters known as catecholamines, such as norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). These neurotransmitters bind to adrenergic receptors in various target organs, including the heart, blood vessels, lungs, glands, and other tissues, and mediate the "fight or flight" response to stress.

Adrenergic fibers can be classified into two types based on their neurotransmitter content:

1. Noradrenergic fibers: These fibers release norepinephrine as their primary neurotransmitter and are widely distributed throughout the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and some parasympathetic ganglia. They play a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular function, respiration, metabolism, and other physiological processes.
2. Adrenergic fibers with dual innervation: These fibers contain both norepinephrine and epinephrine as neurotransmitters and are primarily located in the adrenal medulla. They release epinephrine into the bloodstream, which acts on distant target organs to produce a more widespread and intense "fight or flight" response than norepinephrine alone.

Overall, adrenergic fibers play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and responding to stress by modulating various physiological functions through the release of catecholamines.

Muscarinic agonists are a type of medication that binds to and activates muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which are found in various organ systems throughout the body. These receptors are activated naturally by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and when muscarinic agonists bind to them, they mimic the effects of acetylcholine.

Muscarinic agonists can have a range of effects on different organ systems, depending on which receptors they activate. For example, they may cause bronchodilation (opening up of the airways) in the respiratory system, decreased heart rate and blood pressure in the cardiovascular system, increased glandular secretions in the gastrointestinal and salivary systems, and relaxation of smooth muscle in the urinary and reproductive systems.

Some examples of muscarinic agonists include pilocarpine, which is used to treat dry mouth and glaucoma, and bethanechol, which is used to treat urinary retention. It's important to note that muscarinic agonists can also have side effects, such as sweating, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, due to their activation of receptors in various organ systems.

Keratins are a type of fibrous structural proteins that constitute the main component of the integumentary system, which includes the hair, nails, and skin of vertebrates. They are also found in other tissues such as horns, hooves, feathers, and reptilian scales. Keratins are insoluble proteins that provide strength, rigidity, and protection to these structures.

Keratins are classified into two types: soft keratins (Type I) and hard keratins (Type II). Soft keratins are found in the skin and simple epithelial tissues, while hard keratins are present in structures like hair, nails, horns, and hooves.

Keratin proteins have a complex structure consisting of several domains, including an alpha-helical domain, beta-pleated sheet domain, and a non-repetitive domain. These domains provide keratin with its unique properties, such as resistance to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress.

In summary, keratins are fibrous structural proteins that play a crucial role in providing strength, rigidity, and protection to various tissues in the body.

... refers to a benign adnexal tumor of the apical sweat gland. These are 1-3 cm translucent blue cystic nodules. It ... Obaidat NA, Alsaad KO, Ghazarian D (February 2007). "Skin adnexal neoplasms--part 2: an approach to tumours of cutaneous sweat ... and sometimes the term acrospiroma is used to generally describe benign sweat gland tumors. In addition, a single lesion may ... also been a change in understanding about how tumors that were previously believed to strictly derive from specific sweat gland ...
... "from sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and ectopic salivary glands" (Tural, Selçukbiricik, Günver, Karışmaz, and Serdengecti, ... Obaidat NA, Alsaad KO, Ghazarian D (February 2007). "Skin adnexal neoplasms--part 2: an approach to tumours of cutaneous sweat ... The rare neoplasms generally do not follow a determinate development path and are often difficult to diagnose. Histologically, ... Salivary Gland Type.' "Atypical mixed tumours of the skin,"(Hirsch and Helwig, 1961) their term for tumours characterised by " ...
His name is associated with "Verneuil's disease", a suppurative disease affecting the apocrine sweat glands that is generally ... Also, "plexiform neuroma" (a neoplasm consisting of twisted bundles of nerves) is sometimes referred to as "Verneuil's neuroma ...
... sebaceous gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.805.776 - sweat gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.839.500 - muscle neoplasms MeSH C04.588. ... anal gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.476.411.445 - duodenal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.476.411.501 - ileal neoplasms MeSH ... lip neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.591.692 - palatal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.591.824 - salivary gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588. ... peritoneal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.322.078 - adrenal gland neoplasms MeSH C04.588.322.078.265 - adrenal cortex neoplasms MeSH ...
... sebaceous gland neoplasms MeSH C17.800.882.743 - sweat gland neoplasms MeSH C17.800.893.592 - leg ulcer MeSH C17.800.893.592. ... sweat gland neoplasms The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C18). (Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February ... sebaceous gland neoplasms MeSH C17.800.804.066 - acrodermatitis MeSH C17.800.804.150 - dyskeratosis congenita MeSH C17.800. ... breast neoplasms MeSH C17.800.090.500.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C17.800.090.500.390 - carcinoma, ductal, breast MeSH ...
... is a cutaneous condition characterized by an uncommon benign sweat gland neoplasm that presents as a ... neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
... is a rare non-malignant adnexal neoplasm that develops from apocrine or eccrine sweat glands ... Nevus sebaceous is a congenital, hairless plaque composed of overgrown epidermis, sebaceous glands, follicles for hair, ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts). ... apocrine glands, and connective tissue. Sebaceous naevi are most commonly found on the scalp, however they may also be found on ...
A malignant acrospiroma is a sweat gland carcinoma of the hand, which may recur locally in 50% of patients after excision, with ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts, ... ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. Wilson KM, Jubert AV, Joseph JI (May 1989). "Sweat gland carcinoma of the hand (malignant acrospiroma ... Rare cancers, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
They are found in the sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands. Myoepithelial cells in these cases ... List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Jules J. Berman (2009). Neoplasms: principles of development and diversity ... Anatomy Atlases - Microscopic Anatomy, plate 07.141 - "Axillary Sweat Gland: Myoepithelium" Histology image: 43_13 at the ... These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. ...
Swanson, P. E.; Cherwitz, D. L.; Neumann, M. P.; Wick, M. R. (1987-2004). "Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: an histologic and ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts). ... clear cell eccrine carcinoma and non-specified sweat gland carcinomas. There is no research yet as to what causes Eccrine ... 669 It originates from the eccrine sweat glands of the skin, accounting for less than 0.01% of diagnosed cutaneous malignancies ...
... sebaceous sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. SA and SAC tumors were regarded as eccrine gland ... "Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Apocrine and Eccrine Differentiation". ... "Spiradenoma and cylindroma originate from the hair follicle bulge and not from the eccrine sweat gland: an immunohistochemical ... "Recent Advances on Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology for the Diagnosis of Adnexal Sweat Gland Tumors". Cancers. 14 (3 ...
A chondroid syringoma is a well circumscribed but unencapsulated, multilobulated sweat gland-derived tumor. It is centered in ... Minor changes: 6 November 2020 (Orphaned articles from June 2022, All orphaned articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts) ...
... apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. Acrospiromas are thought to derive from apocrine or eccrine sweat gland ducts ... neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Dermatology stubs). ... and eccrine sweat gland adenoma of the clear cell type), and ... "Recent Advances on Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biology for the Diagnosis of Adnexal Sweat Gland Tumors". Cancers. 14 (3 ...
... sebaceous sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. Poromas are eccrine or apocrine sweat gland tumors ... of these tumors in 3 studies examining 675 poroid neoplasms. They usually occur in the elderly population (mean age 65.1-66.6 ... poromas are regarded as distinct sweat gland tumors that differ from other sweat gland tumors by their characteristic clinical ... This part of the sweat gland duct is termed the acrosyringium and had led to grouping poromas in the acrospiroma class of skin ...
... is a malignant adnexal tumor of the sweat gland. It is the malignant variant of the benign hidradenoma. It may develop de novo ... neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Dermatology stubs). ...
... "sweat" glands are: True sweat glands or eccrine glands, sebaceous glands, which have an oily secretion around hair follicles, ... neoplasms, and cysts, Apocrine, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ... Hidrocystoma (also known as cystadenoma, a Moll's gland cyst, and a sudoriferous cyst) is an adenoma of the sweat glands.: 787 ... and apocrine glands, which have more oily product than eccrine glands and are found on the face, armpit, and groin. ...
NOS M8400/1 Sweat gland tumor, NOS (C44._) M8400/3 Sweat gland adenocarcinoma (C44._) Sweat gland carcinoma Sweat gland tumor, ... NOS M8000/6 Neoplasm, metastatic Neoplasm, metastatic Tumor, metastatic Tumor, secondary Tumor embolus M8000/9 Neoplasm, ... M8400/0 Sweat gland adenoma (C44._) Sweat gland tumor, benign Hidradenoma, NOS Syringadenoma, ... benign M8000/1 Neoplasm, uncertain whether benign or malignant Neoplasm, NOS Tumor, NOS Unclassified tumor, uncertain whether ...
"Morphological and distribution characteristics of sweat glands in hypertrophic scar and their possible effects on sweat gland ... Misago N, Narisawa Y (September 2006). "Cytokeratin 15 expression in neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation". Journal of ... Smalley MJ, Clarke RB (January 2005). "The mammary gland "side population": a putative stem/progenitor cell marker?". Journal ... of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 10 (1): 37-47. doi:10.1007/s10911-005-2539-0. PMID 15886885. S2CID 10879813. Furue M, ...
Typically performed if neoplasm is affecting deep part of parotid gland. Surgeon tries to remove the gland apart from the ... uncharacteristic sweating near glands), salivation from wound, numbness, facial asymmetry, necrosis (death of skin) near ... Parotid gland Salivary gland Otolaryngology Neoplasm Langerman, MD, Alexander. "Parotidectomy". WebMD LLC. Retrieved 14 ... Benign parotid gland neoplasms typically present after the age of 40 and have an equal presentation in both genders. Malignant ...
... sweat gland enlargement, and/or increased hair overlaying the tumor. Sixty-eight percent of these cases were diagnosed in the ... However, subsequent studies have found gene mutations in FHI tumor cells and conclude that it is a true neoplasm, i.e. a growth ... In any event, the identification of these EGFR can help distinguish FHI from other pediatric spindle cell neoplasms with ... Connective and soft tissue neoplasms, Benign neoplasms). ...
It contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels. The blood ... Diseases of the skin include skin infections and skin neoplasms (including skin cancer). Dermatology is the branch of medicine ... Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hairs, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, receptors, nails, and ... One average square inch (6.5 cm2) of skin holds 650 sweat glands, 20 blood vessels, 60,000 melanocytes, and more than 1,000 ...
... the auriculotemporal nerve is liable to damage and upon recovery it fuses with sweat glands. This can cause sweating on the ... Pleomorphic adenoma is seen to be a common benign neoplasm of the salivary gland and has an overall incidence of 54-68%. The ... The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals. In humans, the two parotid glands are present on either side of ... These are close to the main glands and consist of ectopic salivary gland tissue. Capsule of parotid gland Capsule of the ...
"Morphological and distribution characteristics of sweat glands in hypertrophic scar and their possible effects on sweat gland ... neoplasms. Hypertrophic scars are often distinguished from keloid scars by their lack of growth outside the original wound area ... sweat glands and sebaceous glands). The site of keratinocyte stem cells remains unknown but stem cells are likely to reside in ... Sweat glands do not form in scar tissue, which impairs the regulation of body temperature. Elastic fibers are generally not ...
Poroma is a benign, relatively common skin tumor that has the cellular features similar to those of a sweat gland duct. This ... of the neoplasms associated with the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene. These questions also apply to a wide range of neoplasms that have ... typically occurs as a solitary stalkless nodule on the soles and palms but may occur in any area where there are sweat glands. ... It is generally accepted that the BRD4-NUT protein promotes these neoplasms by maintaining their neoplastic cells in a ...
An adenolipoma is a type of lipoma (benign fat tumor) that develops in the eccrine sweat glands. They can occur either in the ... Benign neoplasms, Soft tissue tumor). ... The presence of eccrine sweat glands are used to distinguish ... Hjorth, L.; Thomsen, L.B.; Nielsen, V.T. (January 1986). "Adenolipoma of the thyroid gland". Histopathology. 10 (1): 91-96. doi ... Joon, Pawan; Weerakkody, Yuranga (2014-10-09), "Adenolipoma (thyroid gland)", Radiopaedia.org, doi:10.53347/rid-31440, S2CID ...
Benign neoplasms, Salivary gland neoplasia, Connective and soft tissue neoplasms). ... However, extensive surgery may cause significant morbidity, such as Frey´s syndrome (excessive sweat while eating) and salivary ... "Salivary Gland Neoplasms". Medscape.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Updated: Jan 13, 2021 Diagrams ... It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland. It derives its name from the ...
Sebaceous glands are glands located within the skin and are responsible for secreting an oily substance named sebum. They are ... neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ... Newly formed nodules often swell with sweating (which is pathognomonic for the condition), but this diminishes over time. ... Sebaceous hyperplasia is a disorder of the sebaceous glands in which they become enlarged, producing flesh-colored or yellowish ...
Historically, mature histiocytic and dendritic cell (HDC) neoplasms have been considered mature lymphoid neoplasms, since these ... The sweats are most common at night. Many subtypes of lymphomas are known. The two main categories of lymphomas are the non- ... salivary glands, tongue, the floor of the mouth, and retromolar region.[citation needed] Lymphoma is definitively diagnosed by ... lymphoma classification should reflect in which lymphocyte population the neoplasm arises. Thus, neoplasms that arise from ...
A milium (plural milia), also called a milk spot or an oil seed, is a clog of the eccrine sweat gland. It is a keratin-filled ... neoplasms, and cysts, Conditions of the skin appendages, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
These treatments can result in the destruction of sweat glands, and the risk increases with the number of treatments.[citation ... Some telangiectasias are due to developmental abnormalities that can closely mimic the behaviour of benign vascular neoplasms. ...
Phillip McKee discusses pathology of the most important low-grade sweat gland neoplasms. ...
Do you qualify for these Malignant Sweat Gland Neoplasm studies? Were researching treatments for 2023. ... Malignant Sweat Gland Neoplasm clinical trials at UC Irvine 1 in progress, 0 open to eligible people ...
Sweat Gland Neoplasms / drug therapy * Sweat Gland Neoplasms / genetics* * Vemurafenib Substances * Indoles ...
Hidradenoma refers to a benign adnexal tumor of the apical sweat gland. These are 1-3 cm translucent blue cystic nodules. It ... Obaidat NA, Alsaad KO, Ghazarian D (February 2007). "Skin adnexal neoplasms--part 2: an approach to tumours of cutaneous sweat ... and sometimes the term acrospiroma is used to generally describe benign sweat gland tumors. In addition, a single lesion may ... also been a change in understanding about how tumors that were previously believed to strictly derive from specific sweat gland ...
Benign Neoplasm of Sweat Glands and Ducts 1-9 - As given 23 Blank 20726 446 Other Fibromata 1-9 - As given 36 Blank 20713 ... Benign Neoplasm of Sweat Glands and Ducts .............................. 445 Other Fibromata ... Mammary Gland Development 1 - Absent 10 2 - Deficient 27 3 - Marked 82 Blank 20630 455 Fox Fordyce Disease - Axillary 1 - Yes 4 ... SEBACEOUS GLANDS 458 Sebum Production 1 - Increased 337 Blank 20412 459 Inclusion Cysts - Number 1 - Less than 4 440 2 - Four ( ...
Carcinomas of the eccrine sweat gland represent a rare group of tumors with potential for local destruction and metastasis. ... Penneys NS, Zlatkiss I. Immunohistochemical demonstration of ferritin in sweat gland and sweat gland neoplasms. J Cutan Pathol ... There is damage to sweat glands and suppression of sweating, which disrupts thermoregulation. ... on sweat glands remains to be elucidated. However, research shows UVR is known to suppress sweating, which disrupts body ...
"BENIGN NEOPLASM OF SWEAT GLANDS AND ..." N1DE0446 = "OTHER FIBROMATA" N1DE0447 = "ECTODERMAL APPENDAGES-ECTODERMAL GLANDS" ... "SEBACEOUS GLANDS-SEBUM PRODUCTION" N1DE0459 = "INCLUSION CYSTS-NUMBERS" N1DE0460 = "INCLUSION CYSTS-LARGEST (IN CM)" N1DE0461 ... "SEBORRHEIC GLAND DISEASES-(7141-7149)" N1DE0932 = "VITILIGO (716210" N1DE0933 = "HERPES SIMPLEX (096)" N1DE0934 = "ACNE ...
Primary mucinous carcinoma (PMC) of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm deriving from sweat glands [1]. It was first ... salivary glands, prostate, and ovaries. However, the breast and gastrointestinal tract are the most frequently implicated [5]. ...
Poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm of the intraepidermal portion of the sweat gland duct, called the acrosyringium.1 First ... poroma was originally identified as a tumor originating from the eccrine sweat gland.2 With time, it became evident that ... Eccrine poroma; tumors exhibiting features of the epidermal sweat duct unit. AMA Arch Derm. 1956;74(5):511-521. ... Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of eccrine poroid neoplasms. Dermatology. 2013;227(2):175-179. Available ...
This a benign neoplasm of the sweat glands. Its filled with fluid. Its related to acrospiroma (also called poroma), a tumor ...
It is a benign congenital hamartoma related to abnormalities of the epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair ... Secondary neoplasms associated with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn: a study of 707 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Feb;70(2):332-7 ... Secondary neoplasms arising from nevus sebaceus: A retrospective study of 450 cases in Taiwan. J Dermatol. 2016 Feb;43(2):175- ... Secondary neoplasms - mostly benign and occasionally malignant - can develop within NS, usually in adulthood. (1,2) Larger ...
Sweat Gland Neoplasms",. author = "Kalialis, {Louise Vennegaard} and Breiting, {Line Bro} and Siri Klausen and Karin Dahlstr{\o ... Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant tumour originating from the sweat glands. It is often misdiagnosed ... abstract = "Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant tumour originating from the sweat glands. It is often ... N2 - Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant tumour originating from the sweat glands. It is often ...
OF THE MEIBOMIAN GLAND-USUALLY PRESENT AS ULCERATED NODULAR LESOIN OF THE PALPEBRAE. SWEAT GLAND. APOCRINE OR ECCRINE GLAND CA ... Ectodermal Neoplasms. Ectodermal Neoplasms. ECTODERMAL-NEOPLASMS NOS. SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS ARE ALL ECTODERMAL. ADNEXAL TUMORS ...
Adnexal and Skin AppendageVascular NeoplasmsCommon Bile Duct NeoplasmsSweat Gland NeoplasmsNeoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ... Cord NeoplasmsVaginal NeoplasmsAdrenal Gland NeoplasmsNervous System NeoplasmsPenile NeoplasmsNeoplasm SeedingGenital Neoplasms ... Uterine NeoplasmsBreast NeoplasmsColonic NeoplasmsBone Marrow NeoplasmsEndocrine Gland NeoplasmsIntestinal NeoplasmsNeoplasms, ... Pancreatic NeoplasmsNeoplasmsLymphatic MetastasisSkin NeoplasmsNeoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and SerousLung NeoplasmsNeoplasms, ...
An adenoma or carcinoma that arises from the ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal. ... Disorder of sweat gland*Sweat gland neoplasm*Apocrine sweat gland neoplasm*Ceruminous Neoplasm*Ceruminous carcinoma ... Neoplasms of the Ear Canal.. Raymond M. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023 Oct;56(5):965-976. Epub 2023 Jul 24 doi: 10.1016/j.otc. ... Ceruminous Neoplasms of the Ear.. Nagarajan P. Head Neck Pathol 2018 Sep;12(3):350-361. Epub 2018 Aug 1 doi: 10.1007/s12105-018 ...
eccrine sweat gland neoplasm DOID:173 * ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma DOID:3502 ...
eccrine sweat gland neoplasm DOID:173 * extramammary Paget\s disease DOID:2099 ...
Crude overall rates of adrenal gland disorders among females tended to be higher than those of males, with female:male rate ... Among females, rates of Cushings syndrome and other disorders of adrenal gland were 31.6 per 100,000 active component service ... the most common incident adrenal gland disorder among male and female service members was adrenal insufficiency and the least ... overall rates of other disorders of adrenal gland and Cushings syndrome were lower than for adrenal insufficiency but higher ...
A tumor of the distal dermal segment of a sweat gland: Acrospiroma is a cutaneous ailment that appears mainly in women and is a ... kind of benign adnexal neoplasm linked to poromo, a benign skin tumor. ...
THORAX: A case of mixed cutaneous tumor of sweat gland origin. (Italian). A, Fumarola; Caronni, Ernesto P. ... NECK: Neoplasms, Combined approach for massive nasopharyngeal fibroma. Rege, S. R.; Shah, K. L.; Kantawala, S. A.; More ... NEOPLASMS: Malignant, Adeno-cystic carcinoma of the scalp with pulmonary metastasis. Sanderson, K. V.; Batten, J. C.; Wood, ... NEOPLASMS: Benign, Clinical study of liquid nitrogen spray technique on various skin lesions. (Japanese). M, Seki; Fukuda, ...
Immunohistology and Molecular Studies of Sweat Gland Tumors; Introduction; Normal Apocrine Glands; Normal Eccrine Glands; ... The complexity of some skin neoplasms makes it imperative that the role of immunohistochemistry in subtyping these conditions ... Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma; Hidradenocarcinoma Papilliferum; Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma; Ceruminous ... Apoeccrine Glands; Mammary-Like Glands; Cysts and Hamartomas; Apocrine Hidrocystoma, Eccrine Hidrocystoma, and Apocrine ...
Introduction Porocarcinoma is a neoplasm of eccrine sweat glands. While wide local excision (WLE) has traditionally been the ... Porocarcinoma is a neoplasm of eccrine sweat glands. While wide local excision (WLE) has traditionally been the surgical ...
Spiradenomas are benign cutaneous adnexal neoplasms with sweat gland differentiation that can manife ... PEComa of the Adrenal Gland: A Clinicopathologic Series of 7 Cases PEComas are a family of mesenchymal neoplasms composed of ... Reply: Salivary Gland Secretory Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and Genetic Characteristics of 215 Cases and Proposal for a ... Critical Appraisal of Histologic Grading for Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of Salivary Gland: Is an Objective Prognostic 2-tiered ...
A neoplasm of cells lining the skin openings of sweat glands.. -porosis. decrease in density. ... Benign epithelia neoplasm of the pituitary.. pituitary gland. A small, oval, unpaired, endocrine gland connected to the ... parotid gland. Either of the pair of salivary glands that lie on the sides of the face immediately below and in front of the ... parathyroid glands. Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the Neck and adjacent to the two ...
Carcinomas of the eccrine sweat gland represent a rare group of tumors with potential for local destruction and metastasis. ... Penneys NS, Zlatkiss I. Immunohistochemical demonstration of ferritin in sweat gland and sweat gland neoplasms. J Cutan Pathol ... There is damage to sweat glands and suppression of sweating, which disrupts thermoregulation. ... on sweat glands remains to be elucidated. However, research shows UVR is known to suppress sweating, which disrupts body ...
Mixed tumor of the skin (MTS) is a rare skin adnexal neoplasm occurring in sweat glands. It is usually benign, measures 0.5 to ...
Among the skin tumours, 19.6% sebaceous and sweat gland tumours, 15.9% histiocytic tumours, 10.9% epidermal tumours, 10.8% ... In turn, mesenchymal neoplasms and other tumours accounted for 20.0% of the examined skin tumours. According to the two-grade ... Neoplasms of the skin and subcutaneous tissues in dogs and cats. Br Vet J. 1986;142:1-19. ... Identification of the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and evaluation of breed and age distributions for selected ...
... or sweat gland origin. Most experts maintain that clear cell acanthoma is an epidermal tumor, as originally described.[3] Some ... It is unclear whether clear cell acanthoma represents a benign neoplasm or a reactive inflammatory dermatosis. For those that ...
Primary malignant neoplasms of the sweat glands are rare, constituting less than 1% of all primary malignant skin lesions1. ... until the conclusion that it was a primary carcinoma of the sweat gland. Keywords: breast carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, ... 6), an aspect that is widely found in breast neoplasms (lobular carcinoma with a classic aspect or tubule-lobular). Sweat gland ... The breast can be considered an apocrine gland, as well as the sweat gland, but modified 3. A primary adnexal cutaneous tumor ...
The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant sweat gland neoplasms. Cancer 65:1737 - 1741, 1990.. 17. Mooney, M., ... Sweat gland tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a subcutaneous mass regardless of signal ... IEA are rare malignant tumors derived from the eccrine sweat gland. They have been reported in 1 of every 13,000 specimen ... Allan R, Reier AR, Ashman CJ, Miles L. MR imaging appearance of plantar eccrine acrospiroma (Sweat gland tumor). Am J Roentgeno ...
  • Hidradenomas are often sub-classified based on subtle histologic differences, for example: Eccrine acrospiroma Clear-cell hidradenoma or acrospiroma Nodular hidradenoma or acrospiroma Solid-cystic hidradenoma Discussion of sweat gland tumors can be difficult and confusing due to the complex classification and redundant terminology used to describe the same tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, acrospiroma and hidradenoma are synonymous, and sometimes the term acrospiroma is used to generally describe benign sweat gland tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • There has also been a change in understanding about how tumors that were previously believed to strictly derive from specific sweat gland types may, in fact, derive from both eccrine or apocrine glands. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carcinomas of the eccrine sweat gland represent a rare group of tumors with potential for local destruction and metastasis. (medscape.com)
  • The specific classification of eccrine carcinomas is both complex and nebulous, mostly because of the paucity of reported cases but also because many of these tumors show little histologic resemblance to mature eccrine glands. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] who divide these tumors into those that arise de novo in normal skin and those that originate within preexisting benign sweat gland tumors. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] examining the incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities in malignant eccrine tumors showed low incidences of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or TP53 alterations in a mixed group of these neoplasms, in contrast to the frequent and multiple genetic abnormalities seen in tumors arising from epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. (lookformedical.com)
  • Retrospective evaluation of ceruminous gland tumors confined to the external ear canal of dogs and cats treated with biopsy and CO(2) laser ablation. (nih.gov)
  • Intraepidermal Eccrine Adenocarcinomas (IEA) are rare malignant tumors derived from the eccrine sweat glands of the skin. (faoj.org)
  • were the first to describe tumors exhibiting features of the epidermal sweat duct. (faoj.org)
  • Moreover, the antibody is particularly reactive in tumors of glandular origin (e.g. sweat glands). (histoprime.com)
  • Thus, appropriate classification of such sweat glands, and associated tumors, enables us to devise a specific and appropriate sweat gland tumor therapeutical plan, and also an associated precise prognosis, i.e. apocrine carcinomas are able to metastasize to regional lymph nodes and do so frequently, whereas eccrine carcinomas are typically not able to metastasize [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumors of the cutaneous adnexa arise from, or differentiate toward, structures in normal skin such as hair follicles, sweat ducts/glands, sebaceous glands, or a the disease and results in a specific diagnostic interpretation. (ejmjih.com)
  • This class of neoplasms includes benign tumors and highly aggressive carcinomas. (ejmjih.com)
  • Sweat Gland Tumors Arising on Acral Sites: A Molecular Survey. (nih.gov)
  • Malignant Sweat Gland Tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple familial trichoepithelioma is a condition involving multiple skin tumors that develop from structures associated with the skin (skin appendages), such as hair follicles and sweat glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Affected individuals are also at increased risk of developing tumors in tissues other than skin appendages, particularly benign or malignant tumors of the salivary glands. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Adrenal Pheochromocytoma is a condition in which tumors are formed on the adrenal gland. (targetwoman.com)
  • These tumors occur predominantly on one adrenal gland as an unilateral condition. (targetwoman.com)
  • Tumors associated with the adrenal cortex fall into the functional category whereas the remaining part of the adrenal gland secreting mixed hormones such as sex hormones and aldosterone fall under the nonfunctional category. (targetwoman.com)
  • Individuals in the United States can also be exposed to radioiodine, primarily 123I and 131I, as a result of clinical procedures in which radioiodine compounds are administered to detect abnormalities of the thyroid gland or to destroy the thyroid gland to treat thyrotoxicosis or thyroid gland tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • The authors hypothesize that this difference may be partly explained by the fact that the bulk of eccrine sweat glands lie deep in the dermis, an environment relatively protected from the sun and environmental mutagens. (medscape.com)
  • Porocarcinoma is a neoplasm of eccrine sweat glands. (jofskin.org)
  • Eccrine sweat glands are one of the major sweat glands found in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eccrine sweat glands are innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and their major function is thermoregulation via evaporative heat loss and electrolyte balance [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Primary mucinous carcinoma (PMC) of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm deriving from sweat glands [ 1 ]. (cdlib.org)
  • An adenoma or carcinoma that arises from the ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple pulmonary metastases from adenoid cystic carcinoma of ceruminous glands of external auditory canal. (nih.gov)
  • Given these results, the authors discuss the difficulty in diagnosing differentiation from a primary or metastatic neoplasm of the scalp, with the resources currently available, until the conclusion that it was a primary carcinoma of the sweat gland. (bvsalud.org)
  • breast carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, skin cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to report and discuss the challenging differential diagnosis between a primary tumor of sweat glands and cutaneous metastasis of mammary carcinoma using anatomopathological and imaging diagnostic resources available today. (bvsalud.org)
  • The findings show the challenge in differentiating a primary tumor of the sweat gland from a metastatic cutaneous tumor of mammary carcinoma, even with the immunohistochemical resources currently available. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eccrine carcinoma is a quite rare malignant tumor that typically arises from a normal sweat gland and that features a rather high recurrence rate subsequent to simple excision. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eccrine carcinoma is a rare, malignant sweat gland tumor, generally featuring a slow growth rate and a rather high local recurrence rate [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sweat gland carcinomas were first reported by Stout and Cooley in 1951 with the observation that, "sweat gland carcinoma often developed at the site of pre-existing nodules of longstanding and they have a propensity to metastasize" [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Appropriate sweat gland carcinoma classification is clearly important since each of the specific sweat gland carcinomas features its own characteristic biological behavior [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Syringomatous carcinoma (SC) is a rare, slow-growing, heterogenous tumor of sweat gland origin. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • A rare adnexal carcinoma that is histopathologically identical to homologous lesions in the salivary gland and breast. (nih.gov)
  • Secretory Carcinoma of the Eyelid Arising in an Adnexal Gland. (nih.gov)
  • Additional benign neoplasms such as trichoepithelioma (8), tubular apocrine adenomas (9), sebaceomas (1), and others have been reported within NS. (aad.org)
  • There are three types of sweat glands that occur over the skin surface: eccrine, apocrine and apoeccrine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms . (lookformedical.com)
  • Primary malignant neoplasms of the sweat glands are rare, constituting less than 1% of all primary malignant skin lesions 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In Russia, in the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs, vulvar cancer is from 3 to 8% and takes fourth place. (med-blog.com)
  • Clinically, the most significant histological forms are malignant neoplasms developing from the integumentary squamous epithelium of the external genital organs. (med-blog.com)
  • Background: Aquaporin (AQP) expression has been investigated in various malignant neoplasms, and the overexpression of AQP is related to poor prognosis in some malignancies. (koreamed.org)
  • The high proportion of mitotic cells and resemblance to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the large intestine suggested that this neoplasm was adenocarcinoma rather than adenoma. (hindawi.com)
  • sebaceous adenoma is a more benign [[neoplasm]] of the sebaceous glands. (wikidoc.org)
  • The lesion extends into the hair follicles and sweat glands . (webpathology.com)
  • However, research shows UVR is known to suppress sweating, which disrupts body thermoregulation, and a study analyzing TP53 mutations in 16 sweat gland carcinomas identified 3 G:C → A:T transitions at dipyrimidine sequences on the antisense strand. (medscape.com)
  • Ceruminous gland carcinomas: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 17 cases. (nih.gov)
  • The first large study pertaining to the classification of sweat gland carcinomas was published in 1968 by Berg and McDivitt [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, as far as we are aware, sweat gland carcinomas are often under diagnosed or misdiagnosed due to their clinical rarity [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Porocarcinoma is a malignancy of the eccrine sweat gland. (koreamed.org)
  • 1 First described in 1956, poroma was originally identified as a tumor originating from the eccrine sweat gland. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the Neck and adjacent to the two lobes of thyroid gland. (easyauscultation.com)
  • Hidradenoma refers to a benign adnexal tumor of the apical sweat gland. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spiroma List of cutaneous conditions List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes Laws RA, English JC, Elston DM (November 1996). (wikipedia.org)
  • In summary, molecular alterations in cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck are often related to UV exposure. (ejmjih.com)
  • It's related to acrospiroma (also called poroma), a tumor of the distal part of the sweat gland. (facmedicine.com)
  • Acrospiroma is a cutaneous ailment that appears mainly in women and is a kind of benign adnexal neoplasm linked to poromo, a benign skin tumor. (wordinfo.info)
  • It is a benign congenital hamartoma related to abnormalities of the epidermis, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles. (aad.org)
  • Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. (lookformedical.com)
  • Advanced photo tactics are reviewed, having a focus on diffusion-weighted and also dynamic compare image along with their chance to aid characterize gentle muscle growths Hydroxyurea molecular weight and help with unique cancer from civilized malignancies.Neoplasms from the salivary glands are seen as a Oral medicine their designated histologic variety definitely nonspecific imaging findings. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • This is a unique case due to the low frequency 2 , the atypical clinical history, but mainly the difficult histopathological differential diagnosis and immunohistochemical evaluation among these neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 1 ] This article reviews basic salivary anatomy and physiology, several important diseases affecting the glands, salivary constituents as measures of health, trends in diagnosis, and the management of xerostomia and drooling. (medscape.com)
  • With the emergence of many immunomarkers, immunohistochemistry has become a vital ancillary diagnostic tool in dermatopathology and an essential adjunct for the correct identification of skin neoplasms. (edu.au)
  • The complexity of some skin neoplasms makes it imperative that the role of immunohistochemistry in subtyping these conditions is clearly understood. (edu.au)
  • The highest soft muscle resolution offered by magnet resonance photo is very useful in the monitoring associated with cancers with high propensities with regard to intraorbital, intracranial, as well as perineural condition propagate, which in turn normally include these because of the actual sinonasal tooth decay, nasopharynx, orbits, salivary glands, and also the pores and skin. (hdac-inhibitors.com)
  • Such sweat glands are distributed over the entire body skin surface, with the greatest density being found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The glands deposit sebum on the hairs, and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft. (wikidoc.org)
  • Here, the sebum traverses ducts which terminate in '''sweat pores''' on the surface of the skin. (wikidoc.org)
  • (noun) any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration. (wordinn.com)
  • the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid. (wordinn.com)
  • The authors concluded: "Our study confirms that most of the secondary neoplasms arising in association with nevus sebaceus are benign. (aad.org)
  • Poroma is a benign adnexal neoplasm of the intraepidermal portion of the sweat gland duct, called the acrosyringium . (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites. (lookformedical.com)
  • Dermoid Cyst is a rare condition in head and neck area, histologically characterized by epithelium containing structures attached on its wall, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles or nails. (bvsalud.org)
  • acid-fast bacilli were not visible, and weight loss but no night sweats. (cdc.gov)
  • Dentists are involved with aspects of salivary gland function in several ways, such as diagnosing problems involving the major and minor salivary glands, in the management of oral dryness associated with salivary problems, in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease resulting from decreased salivary flow, and in controlling salivation during restorative procedures. (medscape.com)
  • For those that consider this entity to be a tumor, there is further disagreement whether this is a tumor of epidermal, pilar, or sweat gland origin. (statpearls.com)
  • Importance to other animals== Certain species of [[Demodex mite]]s feed on sebum and are commonly found in the sebaceous glands of mammals, including those of humans. (wikidoc.org)
  • Both generalized and segmented (reduced or absent sweating in circumscribed locations) forms of the disease are usually associated with other underlying conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Significant abnormality or disease of the salivary glands, such as that associated with Sjögren syndrome or neoplasm, necessitates additional evaluation by an otolaryngologist or an otolaryngologist/head and neck surgeon for comprehensive treatment of the gland pathology itself. (medscape.com)
  • Metastases associated with adrenal gland are more prominent in the determination of preexisting neoplasms and underlying adrenal insufficiency. (targetwoman.com)
  • During 2002-2017, the most common incident adrenal gland disorder among male and female service members was adrenal insufficiency and the least common was adrenomedullary hyperfunction. (health.mil)
  • In both sexes, overall rates of other disorders of adrenal gland and Cushing's syndrome were lower than for adrenal insufficiency but higher than for hyperaldosteronism, adrenogenital disorders, and adrenomedullary hyperfunction. (health.mil)
  • In both sexes, the annual rates of adrenal insufficiency and other disorders of adrenal gland increased slightly during the 16-year period. (health.mil)
  • 1 Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the outer portion of the adrenal gland (adrenal cortex) does not produce an adequate amount of cortisol. (health.mil)
  • Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm which is common amongst the Yoruba ethinc group. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is unclear whether clear cell acanthoma represents a benign neoplasm or a reactive inflammatory dermatosis. (statpearls.com)
  • The incidence of secondary neoplasms was statistically related to age and anatomic site (P (aad.org)
  • A number of different cellular signaling and regulatory systems in the acini and ducts are involved with saliva formation when the glands are stimulated by gustatory, masticatory, and psychic stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • 1 The adrenal glands produce cortisol, aldosterone, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine), and small amounts of androgens (hormones with testosterone-like function). (health.mil)
  • Some of the significant hormones produced by the adrenal gland include aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones and adrenaline. (targetwoman.com)