Studies on the constituents of Syringa species. XII. New glycosides from the leaves of Syringa reticulata (BLUME) HARA. (1/8)

Three new glycosides, 6'-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosylsyringopicroside (1), secologanoside 7-methyl ester (2) and (+)-lariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from the leaves of Syringa reticulata. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Compound 1 is the first naturally occurring iridoid di-glycoside having melibiose. Comparison of the spectral data of 2 and that previously recognized as secologanoside 7-methyl ester led to the conclusion that the recognized structure should be revised to the sodium salt of secoxyloganin (2').  (+info)

Divergent potentials for cytoplasmic inheritance within the genus Syringa. A new trait associated with speciogenesis. (2/8)

Epifluorescence microscopic detection of organelle DNA in the mature generative cell is a rapid method for determining the potential for the mode of cytoplasmic inheritance. We used this method to examine 19 of the known 22 to 27 species in the genus Syringa. Organelle DNA was undetectable in seven species, all in the subgenus Syringa, but was detected in the 12 species examined of the subgenera Syringa and Ligustrina. Therefore, species within the genus Syringa display differences in the potential cytoplasmic inheritance. Closer examination revealed that the mature generative cells of the species in which organelle DNA was detected contained both mitochondria and plastids, but cells of the species lacking detectable organelle DNA contained only mitochondria, and the epifluorescent organelle DNA signals from the mature generative cells corresponded to plastid DNA. In addition, semiquantitative analysis was used to demonstrate that, during pollen development, the amount of mitochondrial DNA decreased greatly in the generative cells of the species examined, but the amount of plastid DNA increased remarkably in the species containing plastids in the generative cell. The results suggest that all Syringa species exhibit potential maternal mitochondrial inheritance, and a number of the species exhibit potential biparental plastid inheritance. The difference between the modes of potential plastid inheritance among the species suggests different phylogenies for the species; it also supports recent conclusions of molecular, systematic studies of the Syringa. In addition, the results provide new evidence for the mechanisms of maternal mitochondrial inheritance in angiosperms.  (+info)

Analysis of climate change affecting German forests by combination of meteorological and phenological data within a GIS environment. (3/8)

The regional assessment of global change effects on plant phenology usually relies on local observations that need to be up-scaled. Therefore, methodological difficulties mostly related to data spatial resolution and congruency arise while performing broader-scale evaluations. Geostatiscs could be a useful tool to solve this type of problem, provided that a database with adequate spatial and temporal resolution is available. An assessment of variations in air temperature and plant phenology was carried out at the country level by using two German datasets regarding spring phenological phases of 15 plant species and air temperature. The data were collected from 1961-2002 at 1,279 and 675 sites, respectively. The annual mean air temperature in Germany was found to rise from 8.3 degrees C in the 1961-1990 period to 9.1 degrees C in the 1991-2002 term. The overall 15-species mean for the start of spring was found to be 6 days earlier in the latter period. The geostatistical analysis of the data revealed the suitability of Syringa vulgaris to be used as an indicator species to detect phenological changes in German forests. Moreover, their spatial patterns were found to be related to altitude and latitude. Therefore, geostatistics proved to be a useful tool to overcome some of the methodological problems related to the regional assessments of global change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.  (+info)

Two new neolignans from Syringa velutina Kom. (4/8)

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Two new phenylglycol derivatives isolated from Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica and their antifungal activities. (5/8)

Two new phenylglycol derivatives, (S)-(+)-2-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-ethoxyl- ethanol and (S)-(+)-2-(3,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-acetoxy-ethanol, were isolated from the leaves of Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, along with two known phenethylols, p-hydroxyl phenethanol and 3,4-dihydroxy phenethanol. The planar structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, and their absolute stereochemistry was established by modified Mosher's method. The two known compounds were identified by comparison of spectral data with published references. The two new compounds showed conspicuous antifungal activities by agar medium assay.  (+info)

Genome-driven investigation of compatible solute biosynthesis pathways of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and their contribution to water stress tolerance. (6/8)

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Iridoid glycosides fraction of Folium syringae leaves modulates NF-kappaB signal pathway and intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in experimental colitis. (7/8)

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Floral to green: mating switches moth olfactory coding and preference. (8/8)

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