An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo.
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.
The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.
Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers.
Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.
Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.
Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.
A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.
Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
Proteins in the nucleus or cytoplasm that specifically bind RETINOIC ACID or RETINOL and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Retinoic acid receptors, like steroid receptors, are ligand-activated transcription regulators. Several types have been recognized.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.

Influence of infection during pregnancy on fetal development. (1/7)

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CD24 expression identifies teratogen-sensitive fetal neural stem cell subpopulations: evidence from developmental ethanol exposure and orthotopic cell transfer models. (2/7)

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Antithrombotic therapy for pregnant women. (3/7)

Coagulability increases during pregnancy, and thromboembolism can easily occur. Venous thromboembolism is a cause of death in pregnant women, but arterial thrombosis such as ischemic stroke in pregnancy is also not uncommon. In pharmacotherapy for thromboembolism in pregnant women, fetal toxicity and teratogenicity must be carefully considered. As anticoagulants in pregnant women, unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin are recommended, but warfarin is not recommended since it has a low molecular weight and crosses the placenta. Various types of new oral anticoagulant drugs have been available in Japan since 2011. However, the Japanese package inserts for these anticoagulants advise quite cautious administration in pregnant women. The guidelines on pregnant women include less information about antiplatelet drugs than anticoagulant drugs. Aspirin may cause teratogenicity and fetal toxicity, and perinatal mortality is increased. However, when low doses of aspirin are administered as antiplatelet therapy, the US Food and Drug Administration has assigned pregnancy category C, and treatment is relatively safe. Neurosurgeons and neurologists commonly encounter pregnant women with thromboembolism, such as ischemic stroke. Up-to-date information and correct selection of drugs are necessary in consultation with specialists in perinatal care.  (+info)

Multiple abnormalities due to a nonsense mutation in the Alx4 gene. (4/7)

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Depletion of retinoic acid receptors initiates a novel positive feedback mechanism that promotes teratogenic increases in retinoic acid. (5/7)

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Teratogenic risk and contraceptive counselling in psychiatric practice: analysis of anticonvulsant therapy. (6/7)

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Teratogenic potential of antiepileptic drugs in the zebrafish model. (7/7)

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Teratogens are substances, such as certain medications, chemicals, or infectious agents, that can cause birth defects or abnormalities in the developing fetus when a woman is exposed to them during pregnancy. They can interfere with the normal development of the fetus and lead to a range of problems, including physical deformities, intellectual disabilities, and sensory impairments. Examples of teratogens include alcohol, tobacco smoke, some prescription medications, and infections like rubella (German measles). It is important for women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant to avoid exposure to known teratogens as much as possible.

"Drug-induced abnormalities" refer to physical or physiological changes that occur as a result of taking medication or drugs. These abnormalities can affect various organs and systems in the body and can range from minor symptoms, such as nausea or dizziness, to more serious conditions, such as liver damage or heart rhythm disturbances.

Drug-induced abnormalities can occur for several reasons, including:

1. Direct toxicity: Some drugs can directly damage cells and tissues in the body, leading to abnormalities.
2. Altered metabolism: Drugs can interfere with normal metabolic processes in the body, leading to the accumulation of harmful substances or the depletion of essential nutrients.
3. Hormonal imbalances: Some drugs can affect hormone levels in the body, leading to abnormalities.
4. Allergic reactions: Some people may have allergic reactions to certain drugs, which can cause a range of symptoms, including rashes, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
5. Interactions with other drugs: Taking multiple medications or drugs at the same time can increase the risk of drug-induced abnormalities.

It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for signs of drug-induced abnormalities and to adjust medication dosages or switch to alternative treatments as necessary. Patients should also inform their healthcare providers of any symptoms they experience while taking medication, as these may be related to drug-induced abnormalities.

Teratogenesis is the formation or production of abnormal physical features and structural malformations in a developing fetus that are caused by the exposure to teratogens. Teratogens are various environmental agents such as alcohol, drugs, medications, chemicals, infectious diseases, radiation, and maternal factors (like diabetes, obesity) that can disrupt normal embryonic or fetal development during pregnancy. The severity and type of birth defects depend on the timing, duration, and dosage of exposure to these teratogens. It is important to note that not all exposures to teratogens will result in birth defects, but increased risks are associated with their exposure during critical periods of development.

Dichloroethylenes are a group of chemical compounds that contain two chlorine atoms and two hydrogen atoms bonded to a pair of carbon atoms. The two carbon atoms are arranged in a double-bonded configuration, resulting in a geometric isomerism known as cis-trans isomerism.

Therefore, there are two main types of dichloroethylenes:

1. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (also known as (Z)-1,2-dichloroethylene): This is a colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor. It is used as a solvent and in the production of other chemicals.
2. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (also known as (E)-1,2-dichloroethylene): This is also a colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor. It is used as a refrigerant, solvent, and in the production of other chemicals.

Both cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylenes can be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin. They can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects such as damage to the liver and kidneys.

Radiation-induced abnormalities refer to changes in tissues, organs, or bodily functions that are caused by exposure to radiation. These abnormalities can occur as a result of therapeutic radiation used in cancer treatment or from exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation in diagnostic procedures or environmental settings.

The severity and type of radiation-induced abnormalities depend on several factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the part of the body that was exposed, and the individual's sensitivity to radiation. Some common radiation-induced abnormalities include:

1. Radiation sickness: This is a set of symptoms that occur after exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and fever.
2. Skin damage: Radiation can cause skin redness, blistering, and peeling, especially in areas where the radiation was focused.
3. Cataracts: Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause cataracts, which are cloudy areas that develop in the lens of the eye.
4. Infertility: Radiation exposure can damage the reproductive organs and lead to infertility in both men and women.
5. Increased risk of cancer: Exposure to radiation can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as leukemia and thyroid cancer.
6. Damage to the nervous system: High levels of radiation exposure can cause damage to the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as headaches, seizures, and confusion.
7. Genetic mutations: Radiation exposure can cause genetic mutations that can be passed down to future generations.

It is important to note that the risk of developing radiation-induced abnormalities depends on many factors, including the dose and duration of radiation exposure, the individual's sensitivity to radiation, and their overall health status. If you have concerns about radiation exposure or radiation-induced abnormalities, it is best to speak with a healthcare professional.

Congenital abnormalities, also known as birth defects, are structural or functional anomalies that are present at birth. These abnormalities can develop at any point during fetal development, and they can affect any part of the body. They can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both.

Congenital abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may include structural defects such as heart defects, neural tube defects, and cleft lip and palate, as well as functional defects such as intellectual disabilities and sensory impairments. Some congenital abnormalities may be visible at birth, while others may not become apparent until later in life.

In some cases, congenital abnormalities may be detected through prenatal testing, such as ultrasound or amniocentesis. In other cases, they may not be diagnosed until after the baby is born. Treatment for congenital abnormalities varies depending on the type and severity of the defect, and may include surgery, therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is a term used to describe a range of effects that can occur in an individual whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. These effects may include physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalities, and can vary in severity and combination from one individual to another.

The four diagnostic categories within FASD are:

1. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): This is the most severe form of FASD and is characterized by a specific pattern of facial features, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system dysfunction.
2. Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS): This category includes individuals who have some, but not all, of the features of FAS.
3. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): This category includes individuals who have functional or cognitive impairments due to prenatal alcohol exposure, but do not meet the criteria for FAS or pFAS.
4. Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD): This category includes individuals who have physical birth defects due to prenatal alcohol exposure.

It is important to note that FASD is a completely preventable condition, and there is no known safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy.

Maternal-fetal exchange, also known as maternal-fetal transport or placental transfer, refers to the physiological process by which various substances are exchanged between the mother and fetus through the placenta. This exchange includes the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the fetal bloodstream, as well as the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide from the fetal bloodstream to the mother's bloodstream.

The process occurs via passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport mechanisms across the placental barrier, which is composed of fetal capillary endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix, and the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. The maternal-fetal exchange is crucial for the growth, development, and survival of the fetus throughout pregnancy.

Embryonic and fetal development is the process of growth and development that occurs from fertilization of the egg (conception) to birth. The terms "embryo" and "fetus" are used to describe different stages of this development:

* Embryonic development: This stage begins at fertilization and continues until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy. During this time, the fertilized egg (zygote) divides and forms a blastocyst, which implants in the uterus and begins to develop into a complex structure called an embryo. The embryo consists of three layers of cells that will eventually form all of the organs and tissues of the body. During this stage, the basic structures of the body, including the nervous system, heart, and gastrointestinal tract, begin to form.
* Fetal development: This stage begins at the end of the 8th week of pregnancy and continues until birth. During this time, the embryo is called a fetus, and it grows and develops rapidly. The organs and tissues that were formed during the embryonic stage continue to mature and become more complex. The fetus also begins to move and kick, and it can hear and respond to sounds from outside the womb.

Overall, embryonic and fetal development is a complex and highly regulated process that involves the coordinated growth and differentiation of cells and tissues. It is a critical period of development that lays the foundation for the health and well-being of the individual throughout their life.

Valproic acid is a medication that is primarily used as an anticonvulsant, which means it is used to treat seizure disorders. It works by increasing the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps to reduce abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In addition to its use as an anticonvulsant, valproic acid may also be used to treat migraines and bipolar disorder. It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid solutions, and is usually taken by mouth. As with any medication, valproic acid can have side effects, and it is important for patients to be aware of these and to discuss them with their healthcare provider.

Ethanol is the medical term for pure alcohol, which is a colorless, clear, volatile, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor and burning taste. It is the type of alcohol that is found in alcoholic beverages and is produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts.

In the medical field, ethanol is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant, and it is also used as a solvent for various medicinal preparations. It has central nervous system depressant properties and is sometimes used as a sedative or to induce sleep. However, excessive consumption of ethanol can lead to alcohol intoxication, which can cause a range of negative health effects, including impaired judgment, coordination, and memory, as well as an increased risk of accidents, injuries, and chronic diseases such as liver disease and addiction.

Tretinoin is a form of vitamin A that is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris, fine wrinkles, and dark spots caused by aging or sun damage. It works by increasing the turnover of skin cells, helping to unclog pores and promote the growth of new skin cells. Tretinoin is available as a cream, gel, or liquid, and is usually applied to the affected area once a day in the evening. Common side effects include redness, dryness, and peeling of the skin. It is important to avoid sunlight and use sunscreen while using tretinoin, as it can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.

A mammalian embryo is the developing offspring of a mammal, from the time of implantation of the fertilized egg (blastocyst) in the uterus until the end of the eighth week of gestation. During this period, the embryo undergoes rapid cell division and organ differentiation to form a complex structure with all the major organs and systems in place. This stage is followed by fetal development, which continues until birth. The study of mammalian embryos is important for understanding human development, evolution, and reproductive biology.

Anticonvulsants are a class of drugs used primarily to treat seizure disorders, also known as epilepsy. These medications work by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. In addition to their use in treating epilepsy, anticonvulsants are sometimes also prescribed for other conditions, such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches.

Anticonvulsants can work in different ways to reduce seizure activity. Some medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, work by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which helps to stabilize nerve cell membranes and prevent excessive electrical activity. Other medications, such as valproic acid and gabapentin, increase the levels of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which has a calming effect on nerve cells and helps to reduce seizure activity.

While anticonvulsants are generally effective at reducing seizure frequency and severity, they can also have side effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In some cases, these side effects may be managed by adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication. It is important for individuals taking anticonvulsants to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor their response to the medication and make any necessary adjustments.

Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are a type of nuclear receptor proteins that play crucial roles in the regulation of gene transcription. They are activated by retinoic acid, which is a metabolite of vitamin A. There are three subtypes of RARs, namely RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, each encoded by different genes.

Once retinoic acid binds to RARs, they form heterodimers with another type of nuclear receptor called retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The RAR-RXR complex then binds to specific DNA sequences called retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the promoter regions of target genes. This binding event leads to the recruitment of coactivator proteins and the modification of chromatin structure, ultimately resulting in the activation or repression of gene transcription.

Retinoic acid and its receptors play essential roles in various biological processes, including embryonic development, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and immune function. In addition, RARs have been implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, where they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes depending on the context. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of RAR signaling has important implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

"Prenatal exposure delayed effects" refer to the adverse health outcomes or symptoms that become apparent in an individual during their development or later in life, which are caused by exposure to certain environmental factors or substances while they were still in the womb. These effects may not be immediately observable at birth and can take weeks, months, years, or even decades to manifest. They can result from maternal exposure to various agents such as infectious diseases, medications, illicit drugs, tobacco smoke, alcohol, or environmental pollutants during pregnancy. The delayed effects can impact multiple organ systems and may include physical, cognitive, behavioral, and developmental abnormalities. It is important to note that the risk and severity of these effects can depend on several factors, including the timing, duration, and intensity of the exposure, as well as the individual's genetic susceptibility.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.

The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.

C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.

One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.

Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.

Teratogenesis at AllMusic Teratogenesis free download at Metal Injection (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Teratogenesis is the second EP by American thrash/death metal band Revocation. It was released for free through Scion A/V on ...
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Susceptibility to teratogenesis varies with the developmental stage at the time of exposure to an adverse influence. There are ... Common causes of teratogenesis include: Genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities Maternal health factors Nutrition ... Currently, its most instrumental meaning is that of the medical study of teratogenesis, congenital malformations or individuals ... Vargesson, Neil (2015-06-04). "Thalidomide‐induced teratogenesis: History and mechanisms". Birth Defects Research Part C: ...
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Teratogenesis Cyanazine may cause malformations in the embryonal development of some species. In Silurana tropicalis, exposure ...
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Other stochastic effects of ionizing radiation are teratogenesis, cognitive decline, and heart disease.[citation needed] ...
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... "acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis" caused by PAHs. that mutated within the tomcods in the Hudson River. An example ...
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Susceptibility to teratogenesis varies with the developmental stage at the time of exposure to an adverse influence. There are ... Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on the genotype of the conceptus and the manner in which this interacts with adverse ...
Teratogenesis at AllMusic Teratogenesis free download at Metal Injection (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Teratogenesis is the second EP by American thrash/death metal band Revocation. It was released for free through Scion A/V on ...
Example Mechanisms of Teratogenesis. In 1977 James Wilson proposed six principles of teratology that were subsequently ... 1. Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends upon the genotype of the conceptus and how it interacts with environmental factors. ... Vargesson N. Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015 Jun. 105 (2):140 ...
Teratogenesis. Dr. Sushma Bhardwaj. Part 1 : Introduction to teratogenesis. Published by drsushmabhardwaj on 23/03/20 , 572 ...
Similarly, phosphorylation of Y1176 is higher in C57BL/6J mice that are sensitive to ethanol teratogenesis than in ethanol ... coupling to ankyrin and the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton modulates ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion and ethanol teratogenesis. ... Similarly, phosphorylation of Y1176 is higher in C57BL/6J mice that are sensitive to ethanol teratogenesis than in ethanol ... coupling to ankyrin and the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton modulates ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion and ethanol teratogenesis. ...
Medication Teratogenesis and Pregnancy Complications. *Identify the timing and impact of medication exposures on fetal ...
Teratogenesis. Teratogenesis is the production of birth defects. A teratogen is anything that is capable of producing changes ...
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teratogenesis (biology). poison: Teratogenesis: Teratogenesis is a prenatal toxicity characterized by structural or functional ...
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... coupling to ankyrin and the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton modulates ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion and ethanol teratogenesis ... coupling to ankyrin and the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton modulates ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion and ethanol teratogenesis ...
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Teratogenesis Gabapentin did not increase the incidence of malformations, compared to controls, in the offspring of mice, rats ...
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Liver effects, teratogenesis, hair loss, oral ulcers. Up to 25 mg orally or subcutaneously every week. $60 for 40 2.5-mg ... Liver effects, gastrointestinal effects, teratogenesis. 10 to 20 mg orally every week. $30 ($175). ...
Lindhout D, Meinardi H, Meijer JW, Nau H. Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohorts: changes in ... teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment ...
Radioadaptive Response for Protection against Radiation-Induced Teratogenesis Ryuji Okazaki, Akira Ootsuyama, Toshiyuki ... Okazaki, R., Ootsuyama, A. and Norimura, T. Radioadaptive Response for Protection against Radiation-Induced Teratogenesis. ... These results suggest that primary conditioning with low doses of radiation suppresses radiation-induced teratogenesis. ...
Teratogenesis. Part V. Organ Toxicity. *Hepatotoxicity *Nephrotoxicity *Toxicology of the Nervous System *Reproductive System * ...
teratogenesis1362165712and appears on 7 listswas added by ry and appears on 7 lists ...
Stephens, T.D.; Bunde, C.J.W.; Fillmore, B.J. Mechanism of Action in Thalidomide Teratogenesis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2000, 59, ...
Cannabinoids Exacerbate Alcohol Teratogenesis by a CB1-Hedgehog Interaction. Sci Rep 9, 16057 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41598-019- ...
Lindhout D, Meinardi H, Meijer JW, Nau H. Antiepileptic drugs and teratogenesis in two consecutive cohorts: changes in ... teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment ...
There have been several hypotheses proposed for the mechanism of phenytoin-initiated teratogenesis (Hansen, 1991; Juchau et al. ... 1996) Biochemical toxicology of chemical teratogenesis. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 31:1-40. ... potentially initiating teratogenesis and other toxicities. Similarly, UGTs also may protect against P450-catalyzed ... Implications for embryotoxicity and teratogenesis. Drug Metab. Rev. 24:195-238. ...
  • All aspects of in vivo toxicology are covered, including systemic effects on specific organ systems, immune functions, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. (idosi.org)
  • Teratogenesis is the second EP by American thrash/death metal band Revocation. (wikipedia.org)
  • He won't be completely unfamiliar with Revocation either, having produced their 2012 EP Teratogenesis. (ztmag.com)
  • The exact risk of teratogenesis is lower than previously recorded. (nih.gov)
  • To date, no antiepileptic drug has proven safe in pregnancy in terms of teratogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Several lines of evidence in the field of molecular biology of RV have provided deeper insights into the teratogenesis process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The positive aspect is that with good medical management and good prenatal care approximately 90% of infants exposed to anticonvulsants in utero will not show evidence of teratogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Mereka terdahulu pernah menghasilkan sebuah music video bertajuk Zygomorphic dan terkini bersama mengiringi album sulung bertajuk Omniarch (2019) sebuah music video rasmi bertajuk Teratogenesis telah dihasilkan sebagai langkah promosi yang bagus untuk lebih maju ke hadapan. (dissectingtheeuphony.com)
  • Ox idative stress indices and histopathological effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug napr ox en in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). (nel.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug napr ox en on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). (nel.edu)
  • However, additional research is needed to understand the major epigenetic events leading to alcohol-induced teratogenesis of the HPA axis. (drugsandalcohol.ie)