Tinea
Tinea Pedis
Tinea Capitis
Tinea Versicolor
Trichophyton
Tinea Favosa
Onychomycosis
Microsporum
Arthrodermataceae
Hand Dermatoses
Malassezia
Fomites
Candidiasis, Cutaneous
Intertrigo
Antifungal Agents
Clotrimazole
Administration, Topical
Naphthalenes
Wrestling
Encyclopedias as Topic
Pityriasis Rosea
Isolation of dermatophytes, Candida species and systemic fungi from dermatologic specimens in Montreal, 1963 to 1973. (1/37)
Of 10 057 specimens of scrapings from skin, nails and scalp examined for dermatophytes, yeasts, pityriasis versicolor and systemic mycoses between 1963 and 1973, 30.4 percent were positive for fungi. Skin produced the highest proportion (68.6 percent) of positive scrapings, scalp the lowest (4.2 percent). Trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species (23.6 percent); of lesser prevalence were Microsporum canis (9.3 percent), T. mentagrophytes (8.4 percent) and Epidermophyton floccosum (4.8 percent). Double infections were encountered on 102 occasions; T. rubrum and Candida parapsilosis were the most frequent cohabiting species. The introduction in 1966 of periodic acid-Schiff staining for routine examination of scrapings resulted in better diagnostic results, particularly in the case of culturally nonproductive specimens and cases of pityriasis versicolor. Blastomyces dermatitidis and Cryptococcus neoformans were isolated from two patients in the course of routine investigation for dermatophytes. (+info)Immunology of diseases associated with Malassezia species. (2/37)
Malassezia species are members of the human cutaneous commensal flora, in addition to causing a wide range of cutaneous and systemic diseases in suitably predisposed individuals. Studies examining cellular and humoral immune responses specific to Malassezia species in patients with Malassezia-associated diseases and healthy controls have generally been unable to define significant differences in their immune response. The use of varied antigenic preparations and strains from different Malassezia classifications may partly be responsible for this, although these problems can now be overcome by using techniques based on recent work defining some important antigens and also a new taxonomy for the genus. The finding that the genus Malassezia is immunomodulatory is important in understanding its ability to cause disease. Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system and activation of the complement cascade contrasts with its ability to suppress cytokine release and downregulate phagocytic uptake and killing. The lipid-rich layer around the yeast appears to be pivotal in this alteration of phenotype. Defining the nonspecific immune response to Malassezia species and the way in which the organisms modulate it may well be the key to understanding how Malassezia species can exist as both commensals and pathogens. (+info)Isolated scalp involvement with pityriasis versicolor alba (pityrias versicolor albus capitis) in a patient from a dry, temperate region. (3/37)
Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor) is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin involving the hyphal (filamentous) form of Pityrosporum orbiculare. Clinical cutaneous infection is common in humid, tropical climates, but declines to less than 5 percent in temperate climates. Isolated face or scalp involvement is rare. We present a boy living in a temperate region who had sudden onset of scalp and hairline involvement with tinea versicolor. (+info)Common hyperpigmentation disorders in adults: Part II. Melanoma, seborrheic keratoses, acanthosis nigricans, melasma, diabetic dermopathy, tinea versicolor, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. (4/37)
Nevi, or moles, are localized nevocytic tumors. The American Cancer Society's "ABCD" rules are useful for differentiating a benign nevus from malignant melanoma. While acanthosis nigricans may signal an underlying malignancy (e.g., gastrointestinal tumor), it more often is associated with insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome) or obesity. Melasma is a facial hyperpigmentation resulting from the stimulation of melanocytes by endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Treatments for melasma include bleaching agents, laser therapy, and a new medication that combines hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Lesions that develop on the shins of patients with diabetic dermopathy often resolve spontaneously; no treatment is effective or recommended. Tinea versicolor responds to treatment with selenium sulfide shampoo and topical or oral antifungal agents. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation can occur in persons of any age after trauma, skin irritation, or dermatoses. (+info)Study of the distribution of Malassezia species in patients with pityriasis versicolor and healthy individuals in Tehran, Iran. (5/37)
BACKGROUND: Pityriasis versicolor is a superficial infection of the stratum corneum which caused by a group of yeasts formerly named pityrosporium. The taxonomy of these lipophilic yeasts has recently been modified and includes seven species referred as Malassezia. The aim of this study is to compare the distribution of Malassezia species isolated from pityriasis versicolor lesions and those isolated from healthy skins. METHODS: Differentiation of all malassezia species performed using morphological features and physiological test including catalase reaction, Tween assimilation test and splitting of esculin. RESULTS: In pityriasis versicolor lesions, the most frequently isolated species was M. globosa (53.3%), followed by M. furfur (25.3%), M. sympodialis(9.3%), M. obtusa (8.1%) and M. slooffiae (4.0%). The most frequently isolated species in the skin of healthy individuals were M. globosa, M. sympodialis, M. furfur, M. sloofiae and M. restricta which respectively made up 41.7%, 25.0%, 23.3%, 6.7% and 3.3% of the isolated species. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data, M. globosa was the most prevalent species in the skin of healthy individuals which recovered only in the yeast form. However, the Mycelial form of M. globosa was isolated as the dominant species from pityriasis versicolor lesions. Therefore, the role of predisposing factors in the conversion of this yeast to mycelium and its subsequent involvement in pityriasis versicolor pathogenicity should be considered. (+info)Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and serum lipids in patients with superficial fungal disease. (6/37)
Superficial mycosis, including dermatophytic infections, tinea versicolor, and cutaneous candidiasis is mostly limited to the outer layers of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes. In this study, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were compared between 42 patients with superficial fungal disease and 27 control subjects. Both the patients and controls were found to be normolipemic. The patients with superficial fungal disease had significantly higher concentrations of high-density cholesterol (HDL) compared to the control group (p=0.0462). However, there was no difference in the serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentrations. A significantly higher incidence of heterozygosity E2/3 was found in the patients (p=0.0228), and significantly lower incidence of homozygosity E3/3 in all patients, and those with candidiasis and dermatophytosis (p=0.0139, 0.0194 and 0.0337, respectively) compared to the control group. The E3/4 genotype differences between patients and controls were not statistically significant. There were slight differences in the allele frequencies between the two groups, but these did not reach statistically significant levels. It was concluded that the presence of apoE2/3 genotype, high HDL-cholesterol levels and the absence of apoE3/3 genotype can be regarded as risk factors for superficial fungal disease, especially dermatophytosis. (+info)Superficial fungal infections seen at the National Skin Centre, Singapore. (7/37)
Cutaneous fungal infections are common in Singapore. The National Skin Centre is a tertiary referral centre for dermatological diseases in the country, and sees more than 2,500 cases of superficial fungal infections annually. AIM: This study analyses data collated from the centre's medical record office as well as fungal culture results from the mycology laboratory. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2003, there were a total of 12,903 cases of superficial fungal infections seen at the centre. The majority of patients (n=9335) (72.3%) were males. The most common infection was tinea pedis (n=3516) (27.3%), followed by pityriasis versicolor (n=3249) (25.2%) and tinea cruris (n=1745) (13.5%). Candidal infections were also common (n=1430), the majority of which were cases of candidal intertrigo. There were very few cases of tinea capitis, which is uncommon in Singapore. The number of cases of onychomycosis has shown a rising trend over the past 5 years. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent fungal pathogen isolated from all cases of superficial fungal infections of the skin, except for tinea pedis, where Trichophyton interdigitale was the most frequently isolated organism. Dermatophytes remain the most commonly isolated fungal pathogens isolated in toenail onychomycosis, whilst Candida species accounted for the majority of isolates in fingernail onychomycosis. CONCLUSION: Current epidemiologic trends of superficial fungal infections in Singapore show some similarities to recent studies from the United Kingdom and United States. (+info)Sparing of the upper axillary area in pityriasis versicolor. (8/37)
Increased temperature and sweating are considered factors predisposing to pityriasis versicolor. In this case report, sparing of the vaults of the axillae which are naturally occluded and sweaty areas, in a patient with widespread lesions of pityriasis versicolor is discussed. It is the second observation in this regard and further contributions are invited. (+info)Tinea is a common fungal infection of the skin, also known as ringworm. It's called ringworm because of its characteristic red, circular, and often scaly rash with raised edges that can resemble a worm's shape. However, it has nothing to do with any kind of actual worm.
The fungi responsible for tinea infections belong to the genus Trichophyton, Microsporum, or Epidermophyton. These fungi thrive in warm, damp environments and can be contracted from infected people, animals, or contaminated soil. Common types of tinea infections include athlete's foot (tinea pedis), jock itch (tinea cruris), and ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis).
Treatment for tinea typically involves antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the location and severity of the infection. Proper hygiene and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent the spread of this contagious condition.
Tinea Pedis, also known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. The causative agents are dermatophytes, which thrive in warm and damp environments. Common symptoms include itching, burning, cracked, blistered, or scaly skin, and sometimes painful peeling or cracking of the skin. It is contagious and can spread to other parts of the body or to other people through direct contact or via contaminated surfaces. Proper hygiene, keeping the feet dry, and using antifungal medications are common methods of preventing and treating this condition.
Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection, primarily affecting the scalp and hair. It is commonly known as "ringworm of the scalp." The term "ringworm" is a misnomer because it has nothing to do with worms; instead, it refers to the ring-like appearance of the rash caused by these fungi.
The infection is more prevalent in children than adults and can spread through direct contact with an infected person or animal (like pets), or via contaminated objects such as combs, brushes, hats, etc. The causative agents are typically mold-like fungi called dermatophytes, which belong to the genera Microsporum or Trichophyton.
Symptoms of tinea capitis include itchiness, scaling, hair loss (in patches), and the presence of black dots on the scalp where broken hairs remain. In some cases, inflammation and pustules may occur. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through microscopic examination of hair or scale samples, and sometimes by culture.
Treatment typically involves oral antifungal medications like griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole for several weeks to ensure complete eradication of the fungus. Topical antifungals are often used in conjunction with oral therapy. Good hygiene practices and avoiding sharing personal items can help prevent transmission.
Tinea versicolor is a superficial fungal infection of the skin, caused by the pathogen Malassezia furfur (previously known as Pityrosporum ovale). It is characterized by the appearance of multiple round or oval patches that are hypopigmented (lighter than the surrounding skin) or hyperpigmented (darker than the surrounding skin), scaly, and can be pruritic (itchy). The lesions typically appear on the trunk and proximal extremities, often in a symmetrical pattern. Tinea versicolor is more common in warm, humid climates and in individuals with oily skin or weakened immune systems. It is usually diagnosed based on the clinical presentation and can be confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings or fungal cultures. Treatment typically involves topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or selenium sulfide, but oral medication may be necessary for severe or widespread infections.
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi that are primarily responsible for causing various superficial and cutaneous infections in humans and animals. These infections, known as dermatophytoses or ringworm, typically involve the skin, hair, and nails. Some common examples of diseases caused by Trichophyton species include athlete's foot (T. rubrum), jock itch (T. mentagrophytes), and scalp ringworm (T. tonsurans).
The fungi in the Trichophyton genus are called keratinophilic, meaning they have a preference for keratin, a protein found in high concentrations in skin, hair, and nails. This characteristic allows them to thrive in these environments and cause infection. The specific species of Trichophyton involved in an infection will determine the clinical presentation and severity of the disease.
In summary, Trichophyton is a medical term referring to a group of fungi that can cause various skin, hair, and nail infections in humans and animals.
'Epidermophyton' is a genus of fungi that can cause skin and nail infections in humans. These types of infections are known as dermatophytoses or ringworm infections. The most common species that infect humans is Epidermophyton floccosum, which tends to cause infections of the feet (athlete's foot), nails, and groin (jock itch).
Epidermophyton fungi thrive on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails. They invade the dead outer layers of the skin or nails, causing inflammation, itching, scaling, and other symptoms. The infections can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects like towels, shoes, or floors.
To diagnose an Epidermophyton infection, a healthcare professional may collect a sample from the affected area and examine it under a microscope for the presence of fungal elements. The diagnosis can also be confirmed through culture methods, where the sample is grown on specialized media to identify the specific fungal species.
Treatment for Epidermophyton infections typically involves topical or oral antifungal medications, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Preventive measures such as keeping the skin clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, and wearing breathable footwear can help reduce the risk of contracting and spreading these types of infections.
Tinea favosa, also known as "black dot ringworm," is a chronic and severe form of tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). It is caused by the fungus Trichophyton schoenleinii. The name "black dot" refers to the appearance of hair shafts that become broken off at the skin surface, leaving small black dots on the scalp.
The infection often affects children and can cause scaling, alopecia (hair loss), and formation of kerion (a severely inflamed and pustular lesion). The condition is highly contagious and can spread through contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects such as combs, brushes, hats, and towels.
Tinea favosa can be challenging to treat due to its chronic nature and the development of extensive scarring and permanent hair loss if left untreated. Treatment typically involves oral antifungal medications for an extended period, along with proper hygiene measures to prevent the spread of infection.
Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections, including those affecting the skin, hair, and nails. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi, particularly dermatophytes, which cause these infections. Griseofulvin can be obtained through a prescription and is available in oral (by mouth) and topical (on the skin) forms.
The primary mechanism of action for griseofulvin involves binding to tubulin, a protein necessary for fungal cell division. This interaction disrupts the formation of microtubules, which are crucial for the fungal cell's structural integrity and growth. As a result, the fungi cannot grow and multiply, allowing the infected tissue to heal and the infection to resolve.
Common side effects associated with griseofulvin use include gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), headache, dizziness, and skin rashes. It is essential to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully when taking griseofulvin, as improper usage may lead to reduced effectiveness or increased risk of side effects.
It is important to note that griseofulvin has limited use in modern medicine due to the development of newer and more effective antifungal agents. However, it remains a valuable option for specific fungal infections, particularly those resistant to other treatments.
Onychomycosis is a medical term that refers to a fungal infection in the nails (both fingernails and toenails). This condition occurs when fungi, usually dermatophytes, invade the nail bed and cause damage to the nail plate. It can lead to symptoms such as discoloration, thickening, crumbling, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Onychomycosis can be challenging to treat and may require long-term antifungal therapy, either topical or oral, or even removal of the infected nail in severe cases.
Microsporum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae. These fungi are known to cause various types of tinea (ringworm) infections in humans and animals. They are characterized by their ability to produce large, thick-walled macroconidia that are typically round to oval in shape.
The most common species of Microsporum that infect humans include M. canis, M. audouinii, and M. gypsum. These fungi are often found in soil and on the skin or fur of animals such as cats, dogs, and cattle. They can cause a variety of skin infections, including tinea capitis (scalp ringworm), tinea corporis (body ringworm), and tinea unguium (nail ringworm).
Microsporum infections are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications. Prevention measures include good personal hygiene, avoiding contact with infected animals, and prompt treatment of any fungal infections.
Foot dermatoses refer to various skin conditions that affect the feet. These can include inflammatory conditions like eczema and psoriasis, infectious diseases such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections (like plantar warts caused by HPV), and autoimmune blistering disorders. Additionally, contact dermatitis from irritants or allergens can also affect the feet. Proper diagnosis is essential to determine the best course of treatment for each specific condition.
Dermatomycoses are a group of fungal infections that affect the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Dermatophyte infections, also known as tinea, are the most common type of dermatomycoses and can affect different areas of the body, such as the scalp (tinea capitis), beard (tinea barbae), body (tinea corporis), feet (tinea pedis or athlete's foot), hands (tinea manuum), and nails (tinea unguium or onychomycosis). Yeast infections, such as those caused by Candida albicans, can lead to conditions like candidal intertrigo, vulvovaginitis, and balanitis. Mold infections are less common but can cause skin disorders like scalded skin syndrome and phaeohyphomycosis. Dermatomycoses are typically treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.
Arthrodermataceae is a family of fungi that includes several medically important dermatophytes, which are fungi that can cause skin and nail infections known as tinea. Some notable genera within this family include:
1. Trichophyton: This genus contains several species that can cause various types of tinea infections, such as athlete's foot (tinea pedis), ringworm (tinea corporis), and jock itch (tinea cruris). Some species can also cause nail infections (tinea unguium or onychomycosis).
2. Microsporum: This genus includes some of the less common causes of tinea infections, such as tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) and tinea corporis.
3. Epidermophyton: This genus contains species that can cause tinea infections of the feet, hands, and nails.
These fungi primarily feed on keratin, a protein found in skin, hair, and nails, and typically invade dead or damaged tissue. Infections caused by Arthrodermataceae are usually treatable with antifungal medications, either topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Hand dermatoses is a general term used to describe various inflammatory skin conditions that affect the hands. These conditions can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, itching, blistering, scaling, and cracking of the skin on the hands. Common examples of hand dermatoses include:
1. Irritant contact dermatitis: A reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with irritants such as chemicals, soaps, or detergents.
2. Allergic contact dermatitis: A reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with allergens, such as nickel, rubber, or poison ivy.
3. Atopic dermatitis (eczema): A chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin.
4. Psoriasis: A chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches that can occur anywhere on the body, including the hands.
5. Dyshidrotic eczema: A type of eczema that causes small blisters to form on the sides of the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet.
6. Lichen planus: An inflammatory skin condition that can cause purple or white patches to form on the hands and other parts of the body.
7. Scabies: A contagious skin condition caused by mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash.
Treatment for hand dermatoses depends on the specific diagnosis and may include topical creams or ointments, oral medications, phototherapy, or avoidance of triggers.
Malassezia is a genus of fungi (specifically, yeasts) that are commonly found on the skin surfaces of humans and other animals. They are part of the normal flora of the skin, but under certain conditions, they can cause various skin disorders such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, and atopic dermatitis.
Malassezia species require lipids for growth, and they are able to break down the lipids present in human sebum into fatty acids, which can cause irritation and inflammation of the skin. Malassezia is also associated with fungal infections in people with weakened immune systems.
The genus Malassezia includes several species, such as M. furfur, M. globosa, M. restricta, M. sympodialis, and others. These species can be identified using various laboratory methods, including microscopy, culture, and molecular techniques.
Fomites are objects or materials in the environment that can carry and transmit infectious organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Common examples of fomites include doorknobs, handrails, clothing, bedding, and towels. When an infected person touches or coughs on a fomite, the microorganisms can be transferred to another person who comes into contact with it. It's important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and cleaning surfaces, to reduce the spread of infections through fomites.
Cutaneous candidiasis is a fungal infection of the skin caused by Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. The infection can occur anywhere on the skin, but it typically affects warm, moist areas such as the armpits, groin, and fingers. The symptoms of cutaneous candidiasis include redness, itching, burning, and cracking of the skin. In severe cases, pustules or blisters may also be present.
The infection can occur in people of all ages but is more common in those with weakened immune systems, such as individuals with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or cancer. Other risk factors include obesity, poor hygiene, and the use of certain medications, such as antibiotics and corticosteroids.
Treatment for cutaneous candidiasis typically involves topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole or miconazole. In severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be necessary. Keeping the affected area clean and dry is also important to prevent the spread of the infection.
Intertrigo is a skin condition that occurs in warm, moist areas of the body where skin rubs together or overlaps, such as the groin, armpits, beneath the breasts, and between folds of fatty tissue. It is characterized by red, raw, itchy, or painful skin that may ooze or become scaly. Intertrigo can be caused by fungal or bacterial infections, excessive sweating, friction, or poor hygiene. Treatment typically involves keeping the affected area dry and exposed to air, using antifungal or antibacterial medications, and maintaining good personal hygiene.
Antifungal agents are a type of medication used to treat and prevent fungal infections. These agents work by targeting and disrupting the growth of fungi, which include yeasts, molds, and other types of fungi that can cause illness in humans.
There are several different classes of antifungal agents, including:
1. Azoles: These agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. Examples of azole antifungals include fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
2. Echinocandins: These agents target the fungal cell wall, disrupting its synthesis and leading to fungal cell death. Examples of echinocandins include caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin.
3. Polyenes: These agents bind to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, creating pores that lead to fungal cell death. Examples of polyene antifungals include amphotericin B and nystatin.
4. Allylamines: These agents inhibit squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in ergosterol synthesis. Examples of allylamine antifungals include terbinafine and naftifine.
5. Griseofulvin: This agent disrupts fungal cell division by binding to tubulin, a protein involved in fungal cell mitosis.
Antifungal agents can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously, depending on the severity and location of the infection. It is important to use antifungal agents only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or overuse can lead to resistance and make treatment more difficult.
Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, candidiasis (yeast infection), and oral thrush. It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi that cause these infections. Clotrimazole is available in several forms, including creams, lotions, powders, tablets, and lozenges.
The medical definition of Clotrimazole is:
A synthetic antifungal agent belonging to the imidazole class, used topically to treat various fungal infections such as candidiasis, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea versicolor. It works by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes, leading to increased permeability and death of fungal cells.
Topical administration refers to a route of administering a medication or treatment directly to a specific area of the body, such as the skin, mucous membranes, or eyes. This method allows the drug to be applied directly to the site where it is needed, which can increase its effectiveness and reduce potential side effects compared to systemic administration (taking the medication by mouth or injecting it into a vein or muscle).
Topical medications come in various forms, including creams, ointments, gels, lotions, solutions, sprays, and patches. They may be used to treat localized conditions such as skin infections, rashes, inflammation, or pain, or to deliver medication to the eyes or mucous membranes for local or systemic effects.
When applying topical medications, it is important to follow the instructions carefully to ensure proper absorption and avoid irritation or other adverse reactions. This may include cleaning the area before application, covering the treated area with a dressing, or avoiding exposure to sunlight or water after application, depending on the specific medication and its intended use.
Naphthalene is not typically referred to as a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with the formula C10H8. It is a white crystalline solid that is aromatic and volatile, and it is known for its distinctive mothball smell. In a medical context, naphthalene is primarily relevant as a potential toxin or irritant.
Naphthalene can be found in some chemical products, such as mothballs and toilet deodorant blocks. Exposure to high levels of naphthalene can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. Long-term exposure has been linked to anemia and damage to the liver and nervous system.
In addition, naphthalene is a known environmental pollutant that can be found in air, water, and soil. It is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and is also released from some industrial processes. Naphthalene has been shown to have toxic effects on aquatic life and may pose a risk to human health if exposure levels are high enough.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "wrestling" is not a medical term. It is an athletic activity or sport that involves two individuals trying to physically manipulate each other into a dominant position or force their opponent to the ground. If you have any medical questions or concerns, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Pityriasis rosea is a common, self-limited skin condition characterized by the development of oval or round, scaly, pinkish, inflamed patches on the skin. The initial lesion, known as the "herald patch," often appears before other lesions and measures 2-10 cm in diameter. It usually starts as a single, solitary, scaly, raised patch on the trunk that precedes the generalized eruption by about 1-2 weeks. The rash typically spreads to involve the chest, abdomen, back, arms, and legs, sparing the face, palms, and soles.
The rash is often asymptomatic but can be pruritic (itchy) in some cases. It usually resolves within 6-12 weeks without any treatment, although topical treatments such as corticosteroids or antihistamines may be used to relieve itching. The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is not known, but it is thought to be caused by a viral infection. It is more common in young adults and is more prevalent in the spring and fall seasons.
Tinea versicolor
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)
Selenium disulfide
Ciclopirox
Piedraia hortae
Acrisorcin
Tinea nigra
Fluconazole
Depigmentation
List of skin conditions
Cathelicidin
Intermammary cleft
KOH test
Fungal infection
Selsun Blue
Metalloid
Acalypha wilkesiana
Piedra
Malassezia
Malassezia globosa
Undecylenic acid
Inverse psoriasis
Malassezia furfur
Tioconazole
Zinc pyrithione
Econazole
Oxiconazole
Book of Leviticus
Ketoconazole
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Fungus8
- The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. (wikipedia.org)
- In cases of tinea versicolor caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, lightening of the skin occurs due to the fungus's production of azelaic acid, which has a slight bleaching effect. (wikipedia.org)
- Tinea Versicolor is caused by the excessive overgrowth of a normal, skin-inhabiting fungus, named Pityrosporum ovale. (skinmds.com)
- Tinea Versicolor Relief by Naturasil is guaranteed to remove this fungus - even the most serious of infections, using all-natural, safe, and effective ingredients. (naturasil.com)
- Tinea versicolor is a skin condition that results from the overgrowth of Malassezia furfur - a type of fungus (yeast) that occurs naturally on the skin. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Naturasil Tinea Versicolor Treatment is a topical homeopathic medicine that heals your fungal infection from the outside and penetrates deeply to kill the fungus on contact. (kingdomstates.com)
- Made with pure plant-based ingredients like Palm Kernel and Coconut Oil, it effectively treats a variety of skin issues, including fungal infections, Scabies rash, Tinea Versicolor, Ringworm, Jock Itch, Nail Fungus, and even Acne. (africanhorizons.org)
- Important note: After getting rid of the tinea versicolor fungus, spending some time in the sun is crucial to restore pigmentation to your skin. (africanhorizons.org)
Treat tinea5
- How do doctors treat tinea versicolor? (merckmanuals.com)
- How Does Contour Dermatology treat tinea versicolor? (contourderm.com)
- Antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos can help treat tinea versicolor. (naturasil.com)
- Any antifungal medications applied directly to the affected areas (topical) may be used to treat tinea versicolor. (msdmanuals.com)
- Selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue), ketoconazole, or tolnaftate (Tinactin) lotion can help treat tinea versicolor, which is a fungal infection that can appear as hypopigmented patches. (medlineplus.gov)
Ketoconazole17
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Symptoms10
- Some conditions with overlapping symptoms, such as vitiligo , are often mistaken for tinea versicolor. (healthline.com)
- If you develop symptoms of tinea versicolor, you may choose to treat the condition yourself. (healthline.com)
- What are the symptoms of tinea versicolor? (merckmanuals.com)
- Here is more information about tinea versicolor, its symptoms, and effective treatments. (eastcarolinadermatology.com)
- Therefore, to effectively fight the proliferation of the microorganism responsible for Tinea, you should significantly reduce or altogether avoid sugars until the symptoms are under control. (naturasil.com)
- ️ Natural cleansing medical soap packed with soothing ingredients to relieve symptoms of tinea versicolor, candida, and onychomycosis. (naturasil.com)
- Tinea versicolor usually does not cause other symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
- In some cases, tinea versicolor may not cause any symptoms. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- This is what causes the hypopigmentation and other symptoms of tinea versicolor. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- RESULTS: For the 17,745 children clinically examined, 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of tinea capitis. (bvsalud.org)
Yeast14
- The yeast that causes tinea versicolor lives on everyone's skin. (aad.org)
- When the yeast overgrows, it causes the skin disease tinea versicolor. (aad.org)
- Pityriasis versicolor is a common yeast infection of the skin, in which flaky discoloured patches appear on the chest and back. (dermnetnz.org)
- Tinea versicolor is a mild yeast infection of the skin. (merckmanuals.com)
- Tinea versicolor is caused by a yeast infection. (merckmanuals.com)
- Tinea versicolor is a reaction to increased counts of a yeast called Malassezia that normally lives on our skin and hair. (otcderm.com)
- In individuals who are prone to tinea versicolor, post- treatment recurrence may be prevented by the use of topical anti-yeast washes such as Nizoral shampoo several times a week while showering. (otcderm.com)
- Because Tinea Versicolor is caused by an overgrowth of a natural species of skin flora known as Malassezia furfur, the most effective preventative step is to ensure this balance of yeast growth does not shift into an uncontrollable growth. (naturasil.com)
- When the yeast grow out of control, a person can get a skin disease called tinea versicolor, a fungal infection on your skin. (contourderm.com)
- The cause of tinea versicolor is an overgrowth of yeast on the skin. (springstderm.com)
- Tinea versicolor is also known as pityriasis versicolor and it is caused by a type of yeast naturally lives in your skin. (homeodoctor.co.in)
- Tinea Versicolor is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of yeast in your system. (africanhorizons.org)
- Pityriasis versicolor is a fungal skin infection caused by a type of yeast . (kidshealth.org)
- Pityriasis versicolor is caused by a type of yeast that normally lives on the skin. (kidshealth.org)
Infection16
- The differential diagnosis for tinea versicolor infection includes:[citation needed] Progressive macular hypomelanosis Pityriasis alba Pityriasis rosea Seborrheic dermatitis Erythrasma Vitiligo Leprosy Syphilis Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation Treatments for tinea versicolor include: Topical antifungal medications containing selenium sulfide are often recommended. (wikipedia.org)
- Tinea versicolor or pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial cutaneous fungal infection characterized by pityriasiform desquamation and hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules formation, primarily located on the chest and back with tendency to spread. (medscape.com)
- Pityriasis versicolor (also known as tinea versicolor) is a fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia yeasts. (hse.ie)
- Tinea Versicolor is one of the common types of skin infection. (medgadget.com)
- Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection on your skin. (eastcarolinadermatology.com)
- Tinea versicolor is not considered an infection, and is not contagious. (otcderm.com)
- Tinea Versicolor is a chronic skin infection characterized by multiple, peeling, well-bordered patches of variable coloration, occurring most commonly on the chest and back. (skinmds.com)
- Factors that may contribute to or exacerbate a Tinea versicolor infection include high humidity, elevated rates of skin oil production due to hormones (ie. (skinmds.com)
- Even if you're not showcasing signs of an active Tinea Versicolor infection, if you've suffered from this condition in the past, the likelihood of future outbreaks is relatively high, especially if you're traveling to a humid tropical climate. (naturasil.com)
- Even if you're not showcasing active signs of an infection, applying these compounds to your skin while in a tropical climate may hinder the progression of Tinea. (naturasil.com)
- Tinea Versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a fungal infection that affects the skin. (naturalherbsclinic.com)
- Tinea versicolor, also called pityriasis Versicolor, is a common fungal infection of the skin. (naturalherbsclinic.com)
- Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection of the topmost layer of the skin that causes scaly, discolored patches. (msdmanuals.com)
- Tinea versicolor infection often returns. (msdmanuals.com)
- Tinea versicolor is a fungal infection of skin which is mainly observed in children as well as in adults. (homeodoctor.co.in)
- Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungal infection and leads to patches of discolored skin with a fine, dry, scaly surface. (medlineplus.gov)
Antifungal2
- Increasing prevalence of tinea versicolor, increasing awareness of the disease, rising healthcare expenditure, advanced diagnosis and treatment options, and approval of new antifungal medicines are leading the growth of global tinea versicolor treatment market. (medgadget.com)
- NATURASIL is the Top Natural Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor) Antifungal Treatment on the Market. (naturasil.com)
Causes tinea3
- What causes tinea versicolor? (healthline.com)
- Malassezia furfur is typically harmless and normally lives on the skin but in some people causes tinea versicolor. (msdmanuals.com)
- Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) causes TINEA VERSICOLOR. (bvsalud.org)
Malassezia13
- Tinea versicolor occurs when Malassezia grows rapidly on the surface of the skin. (healthline.com)
- Tinea versicolor results from an overgrowth of Malassezia furfur, which is part of normal skin flora and produces pigmentation changes when it flourishes beyond normal levels. (medscape.com)
- Pityriasis versicolor is caused by mycelial growth of fungi of the genus Malassezia . (dermnetnz.org)
- The white or hypopigmented type of pityriasis versicolor is thought to be due to a chemical produced by malassezia that diffuses into the epidermis and impairs the function of the melanocytes. (dermnetnz.org)
- Pink pityriasis versicolor may also co-exist with seborrhoeic dermatitis as both are associated with malassezia overgrowth. (dermnetnz.org)
- Malassezia yeasts and pityriasis versicolor. (medscape.com)
- Gaitanis G, Velegraki A, Alexopoulos EC, Chasapi V, Tsigonia A, Katsambas A. Distribution of Malassezia species in pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis in Greece. (medscape.com)
- Morishita N, Sei Y, Sugita T. Molecular analysis of malassezia microflora from patients with pityriasis versicolor. (medscape.com)
- Krisanty RI, Bramono K, Made Wisnu I. Identification of Malassezia species from pityriasis versicolor in Indonesia and its relationship with clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
- Nakabayashi A, Sei Y, Guillot J. Identification of Malassezia species isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor and normal subjects. (medscape.com)
- Study of the distribution of Malassezia species in patients with pityriasis versicolor and healthy individuals in Tehran, Iran. (medscape.com)
- Levy JM, Magro C. Atrophying pityriasis versicolor as an idiosyncratic T cell-mediated response to Malassezia: A case series. (medscape.com)
- La Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) causa la TIÑA VERSICOLOR. (bvsalud.org)
Experience treating tinea v1
- Looking for doctors with the most experience treating tinea versicolor? (healthline.com)
Similar to tinea versicolor2
- The rash caused by pityriasis rosea is also similar to tinea versicolor, but this rash is usually preceded by a "herald patch," a lone red patch of scaly skin that appears a few days or weeks before the rash. (healthline.com)
- What Other Diseases Appear Similar to Tinea Versicolor? (eastcarolinadermatology.com)
Diagnosis of Tinea Versicolor1
- A diagnosis of tinea versicolor is usually based on its clinical appearance. (springstderm.com)
Scaly2
- If you've noticed patches of pale and scaly skin, then you could have a common condition called tinea versicolor. (eastcarolinadermatology.com)
- Tinea versicolor is often slightly scaly, and pink to light brown or even white. (otcderm.com)
20231
- Global tinea versicolor treatment market is expected to grow at the CAGR of ~7.1% during the forecast period and is estimated to reach USD 197.9 million by 2023. (medgadget.com)
Treatment21
- citation needed] Oral medications are viewed as a second-line of treatment for pityriasis versicolor in the event of widespread, severe, recalcitrant or recurrent cases. (wikipedia.org)
- Market Research Future has announced the addition of the "Global Tinea Versicolor Treatment Market Research Report which gives Market Size, Shares and Forecasts till 2022. (medgadget.com)
- Global tinea versicolor treatment market has been segmented on the basis of diagnosis which comprise physical exam, imaging tests, and others. (medgadget.com)
- Europe is the second largest market for tinea versicolor treatment. (medgadget.com)
- Germany is dominating this market while UK is the fastest growing tinea versicolor treatment market. (medgadget.com)
- 5 mg farmacia is indicated for the treatment of lamisil spray tinea versicolor lamisil spray tinea versicolor . (pm2pm.pl)
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- See " Treatment of tinea versicolor " for agents and dosages. (amboss.com)
- Muhammad N, Kamal M, Islam T, Islam N, Shafiquzzaman M. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral fluconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor. (medscape.com)
- For more information on treatment for Tinea Versicolor, or to schedule a skin check, please call and speak to a representative at the Berman Skin Institute. (skinmds.com)
- Products, such as Naturasil Tinea Versicolor treatment, feature these compounds mentioned above and are regarded as one of the most effective natural Tinea Versicolor treatments on the market. (naturasil.com)
- Call our office if you need treatment for tinea versicolor at 760-423-4000 or 888-977-7546 . (contourderm.com)
- ️ Also includes a bottle of our Tinea Treatment Liquid Booster for faster results. (naturasil.com)
- Treatment of tinea versicolor is usually with topical anti-fungal creams or, occasionally, with oral medications. (springstderm.com)
- To learn more about tinea versicolor treatment options, contact Spring Street Dermatology in SOHO, Tribeca, and Uptown, NYC to schedule a consultation. (springstderm.com)
- Tinea versicolor often returns, even with treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- The ointment is majorly used for the topical treatment of candidiasis and tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
- Our Naturasil Tinea Lavender Sulfur Soap is a natural, homeopathic treatment that contains micronized Sulfur and pure Lavender essential oils from various parts of the world. (africanhorizons.org)
- The all-natural treatment for tinea versicolor, including onychomycosis and candida, is without the harsh internal chemical treatments found in many traditional Tinea Versicolor Treatment methods. (africanhorizons.org)
- Pityriasis versicolor usually clears up quickly with treatment. (kidshealth.org)
- Someone who keeps getting pityriasis versicolor might need to repeated, regular treatment (weekly or monthly) to prevent further infections. (kidshealth.org)
Vitiligo9
- Many people mistake tinea versicolor as vitiligo. (eastcarolinadermatology.com)
- Tinea Versicolor vs. Vitiligo: What's the Difference? (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Despite their similar appearances, tinea versicolor and vitiligo are very different skin conditions with their own causes and treatments. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Both tinea versicolor and vitiligo only affect the skin. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- What Do Tinea Versicolor and Vitiligo Look Like? (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Both vitiligo and tinea versicolor can cause patches of discolored skin. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Where Do Tinea Versicolor and Vitiligo Develop? (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Both tinea versicolor and vitiligo cause discolored patches to appear on any part of the body. (myvitiligoteam.com)
- Neither vitiligo nor tinea versicolor are contagious - you cannot catch them from someone else, and you cannot give them to someone else. (myvitiligoteam.com)
Known as pityriasis versicolor2
- this appearance is known as pityriasis versicolor alba. (dermnetnz.org)
- This condition is also known as pityriasis Versicolor. (naturalherbsclinic.com)
Contagious2
- But, like tinea versicolor, it's neither harmful nor contagious. (healthline.com)
- Is Pityriasis Versicolor Contagious? (kidshealth.org)
Naturasil1
- Yes, Naturasil for Tinea Versicolor really Works! (kingdomstates.com)
Fungal Infections1
- In addition to tinea capitis, other superficial fungal infections were identified among these children. (bvsalud.org)
Anti-fungal1
- Anti-fungal pills: if the tinea versicolor covers a large area of the body, is thick, or often returns after it is treated. (contourderm.com)
Pityriasis versicolor diagnosed1
- How is pityriasis versicolor diagnosed? (dermnetnz.org)
Infections1
- Kilic M, Oguztuzum S, Karadag S, Cakir E, Aydin M, Ozturk L. Expression of GSTM4 and GSTT1 in patients with Tinea versicolor, Tinea inguinalis, and Tinea pedis infections: a preliminary study. (medscape.com)
Pharmacie11
- Il est une association qui a pour objet de défendre les intérêts professionnels des pharmaciens et de la pharmacie en général. (pm2pm.pl)
- Pharmacie en ligne française à Tournus (71) - Livraison gratuite 24/48h en France et Belgique lamisil spray tinea versicolor . (pm2pm.pl)
- La pharmacie en ligne Pharma express est une véritable pharmacie belge. (lasthaven.com)
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- Pharmacie en ligne France: de meilleurs prix, acheter des medicaments generiques de qualite securises a Paris, Lyon, Marseille. (apsia.org)
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Yeasts2
- The yeasts induce enlarged melanosomes ( pigment granules ) within basal melanocytes in the brown type of pityriasis versicolor. (dermnetnz.org)
- It is easier to demonstrate the yeasts in scrapings taken from this type of pityriasis versicolor than in those taken from the white type. (dermnetnz.org)
Clinical3
- The first clinical observation of pityriasis versicolor was by Willan in 1801. (medscape.com)
- What are the clinical features of pityriasis versicolor? (dermnetnz.org)
- Crowson AN, Magro CM. Atrophying tinea versicolor: a clinical and histological study of 12 patients. (medscape.com)
Ligne5
- Acheter en ligne vos traitements authentiques contre l'impuissance comme le Viagra ou Cialis. (pm2pm.pl)
- Achetez vos médicaments et tous vos produits de santé en toute sécurité sur Unooc, partenaires des pharmacies françaises à proximité ou en ligne. (lasthaven.com)
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Sunburn1
- In general, pale or dark patches due to pityriasis versicolor do not tend to be more or less prone to sunburn than surrounding skin. (dermnetnz.org)
Rash1
- Tinea versicolor is a very common rash that causes scaling pink, light brown or white patches, usually on the chest and back. (otcderm.com)
Common9
- Sharp border Pityriasis versicolor is more common in hot, humid climates or in those who sweat heavily, so it may recur each summer. (wikipedia.org)
- Tinea versicolor can occur in people from all ethnic backgrounds, and it's more common in adolescents and young adults. (healthline.com)
- Pityriasis versicolor responds well to medical therapy, but recurrence is common and prophylactic therapy sometimes may be necessary. (hse.ie)
- Pityriasis versicolor most frequently affects young adults and is slightly more common in men than in women. (dermnetnz.org)
- Pityriasis versicolor is more common in hot, humid climates than in cool, dry climates. (dermnetnz.org)
- The most common species cultured from pityriasis versicolor are M globosa , M restricta and M sympodialis . (dermnetnz.org)
- Also called Pityriasis Versicolor, the condition is common, especially in tropical climates. (labroots.com)
- Tinea versicolor is common among people who live in tropical and subtropical climates . (myvitiligoteam.com)
- CONCLUSION: Tinea capitis is common among pupils in rural southern and central Côte d'Ivoire, especially in young boys. (bvsalud.org)
Occurs2
- Studies also show that tinea versicolor occurs with malnutrition and various diseases, including Cushing syndrome . (medscape.com)
- Tinea Versicolor occurs in young adults, and less commonly in older adults and the elderly. (skinmds.com)
Immune system1
- Other risk factors for tinea versicolor include heat and humidity and an immune system weakened by corticosteroid use, pregnancy, undernutrition, diabetes, or other disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Derm1
- But if a more extensive area is affected or it's spread to your scalp-called "tinea capitis"-your derm might prescribe an oral regimen too. (greatist.com)
Neck4
- Discolored patches of skin are the most noticeable symptom of tinea versicolor, and these patches usually show up on the arms, chest, neck, or back. (healthline.com)
- Pityriasis versicolor affects the trunk, neck, and/or arms, and is uncommon on other parts of the body. (dermnetnz.org)
- In this photo, the light areas on the face and neck are caused by tinea versicolor. (msdmanuals.com)
- Tinea versicolor often affects the neck, but rarely the face. (myvitiligoteam.com)
Furfur1
- M furfur is now the most commonly accepted name for the etiologic agent of tinea versicolor. (medscape.com)
Capitis2
- OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with tinea capitis and the prevalence rate of other dermatophytoses among primary school students in the rural and urban areas of the southern and central Côte d'Ivoire. (bvsalud.org)
- METHODS: From October 2008 to July 2009, 17,745 children ranging in age from 4-16 years, attending urban and rural primary schools in seven towns in Ivory Coast, were examined clinically for tinea capitis. (bvsalud.org)
Hypopigmentation1
- Tinea versicolor that develops in people with dark skin may result in the loss of skin color, known as hypopigmentation. (healthline.com)
Risk factors1
- What are the risk factors for tinea versicolor? (healthline.com)