Tongue
Tongue Diseases
Tongue, Fissured
Hypoglossal Nerve
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide
Taste Buds
Hyoid Bone
Halitosis
Deglutition
Palate, Soft
Lingual Nerve
Mouth
Palate
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Mouth Mucosa
Taste
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Speech Articulation Tests
Pharynx
Pharyngeal Muscles
Epidemiology of the most common oral mucosal diseases in children. (1/8)
Dentists who treat children must be alert to the possibility of finding diseases of the oral mucosa, especially in younger children. The present study aimed to review the most updated information and the experience of our group in order to yield epidemiological data that assist diagnosis of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa in children. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a wide variability in the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in different regions of the world and have led researchers to draw disparate conclusions. Moreover, studies have not been designed using standard criteria, further explaining the wide variability in the percentage of different groups of children with oral lesions, which ranges from 4.1 to 52.6%. The lesions most frequently considered by authors and that most often appear in the different studies are: recurrent aphthous stomatitis (0.9-10.8%), labial herpes (0.78-5.2%), fissured tongue (1.49-23%), geographic tongue (0.60-9.8%), oral candidiasis (0.01-37%) and traumatic injury (0.09%-22.15%). Dentists must be able to detect any of the numerous possible disorders and perform the correct differential diagnosis, key to the treatment plan. The aim of this paper, based on a review of the different national and international studies, is to contribute data on the most important oral mucosal diseases in the paediatric population in terms of prevalence and differential diagnosis. (+info)Phenotypic and dermatological manifestations in Down Syndrome. (2/8)
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with various uncommon dermatological disorders and increased frequency of some common dermatoses. This study was conducted over a 2-year period to evaluate the frequency of phenotypic and dermatologic manifestations in patients with Down syndrome in south India. The most common phenotypic manifestations that characterize DS include the epicanthic fold (93.7%), brachicephaly (90.6%), flat nasal bridge (84.2%), upward angle of eyes (83.2%), wide gap between first and second toe (81.1%), clinodactyly (77.9%), small nose (74.7%), short broad neck (72.6%), single palmar crease (61.1%), increased nuchal skin fold (61.1%), and fissured tongue (52.6%). The most common dermatological manifestation seen in patients with DS were lichenification, xerosis, dental anomaly, fine, sparse hair, and delayed dentition. Alopecia areata was seen in 9.4 percent of patients and tended to be severe. Infections were relatively less common in our study. Our study has highlighted many phenotypic features and dermatoses, which may help provide better care for patients and counseling to the families. (+info)Gingival fibromatosis with hemi-osseous hyperplasia of jaws, focal maxillary viral papillomatosis of gingiva, fissured tongue and congenitally missing anterior teeth: a case report and surgical management of a new syndrome. (3/8)
(+info)Psoriasis and oral lesions: multicentric study of Oral Mucosa Diseases Italian Group (GIPMO). (4/8)
OBJECTIVE: This is a multicentric, observational and controlled study designed to verify the existence of a significant association between plaque-type psoriasis and oral lesions, such as geographic tongue and/or fissured tongue. STUDY DESIGN: during a period of 9 months all consecutive patients with plaque-type psoriasis were enrolled using simple nonrandom (sequential) sampling. The control group included healthy subjects presenting to the same Dermatology centers to monitor pigmented skin lesions; the patients were matched for age and sex. All patients were examined for oral lesions. RESULTS: Out of a total of 535 psoriatic patients and 436 control group patients, oral mucosal lesions were detected in 188 (35.1%) and 86 (19.7%) cases, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant. Fissured tongue (FT) and geographic tongue (GT), which were most frequently detected, were seen more frequently in psoriatic patients (FT: 22.6%; GT: 9.1%) than the control group (FT: 10.3%; GT: 5.2%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the similar studies reported in the literature and the large number of patients involved in our study, we can conclude that FT and GT can be clearly suggested as oral manifestations of plaque-type psoriasis, although the reason for this association is not clear. (+info)Prevalence of oral lesions and normal variants of the oral mucosa in 12 to 15-year-old students in Tehran, Iran. (5/8)
(+info)Benign migratory glossitis with fissured tongue. (6/8)
(+info)Granulomatous cheilitis of Miescher: the diagnostic proof for a Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. (7/8)
BACKGROUND: The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a very rare clinical entity and its classical form is being characterized by the following triad: facial nerve palsy, swelling of the lips and fissured tongue. However, the monosymptomatic form is more common and the typical manifestation is facial edema and/or enlargement of the lips. CASE REPORT: We report a case of monosymptomatic MRS with a positive biopsy of granulomatous cheilitis. CONCLUSIONS: In the daily practice as a pediatrician, it is not usual to diagnose a patient as having MRS. We consider that this is partly because of misdiagnosis. We therefore believe that this case report will supply additional information, in the scope of recurrent facial paralysis and orofacial edema in both children and adults. (+info)Prevalence of fungi in cases of geographical and fissured tongue. (8/8)
One of the most common malformations of the tongue is fissured tongue, very often, is accompanied by geographic tongue; the etiopathogenesis of them is not known. The aim of study was to evaluate the prevalence of fungi in cases of fissured and geographic tongue, and to determine their species and susceptibility to selected antifungal drugs. The study included 104 patients with fissured and/or geographical tongue. To determine fungi present in the tongue, the material was collected with a sterile swab for mycological examination. The procedure was conducted according to that used at our Department. The in vitro susceptibility of the strains to nystatin and miconazole was evaluated. In 45 (43%) cases fissured tongue, in 28 (27%) geographic tongue, and in 31 (30%) both conditions were diagnosed. Mycological examination revealed fungi on the tongue in 73 (70%) patients, including 31 patients (69%) with fissured tongue, 19 (68%) with geographic tongue, and 23 (74%) with concomitant changes. The most frequently detected was Candida albicans (detected in 48-66% of cases); in individual cases, other species of Candida species were found. The strains demonstrated greater sensitivity to nystatin than to miconazole. An analysis of reported symptoms based on the presence or absence of fungi on the tongue revealed that idiopathic pain and burning were significantly more frequently reported by patients with fungi on the tongue (p = 0.034174). Statistically significant differences exist between the presence and absence of fungi with regard to the signs, symptoms of changes on the tongue (p = 0.026015). Also, statistically significant differences (p = 0.00000) exist regarding the presence of fungi with regard to brushing a fissured tongue, or a fissured and geographic tongue; fungi are frequently present when brushing is absent. The prevalence of fungi is greatest in patients with geographic tongue, especially those who do not brush the surface of the tongue. (+info)In medical terms, the tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity that plays a crucial role in various functions such as taste, swallowing, and speech. It's covered with a mucous membrane and contains papillae, which are tiny projections that contain taste buds to help us perceive different tastes - sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The tongue also assists in the initial process of digestion by moving food around in the mouth for chewing and mixing with saliva. Additionally, it helps in forming words and speaking clearly by shaping the sounds produced in the mouth.
Tongue neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the tongue tissue. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign tongue neoplasms may include entities such as papillomas, fibromas, or granular cell tumors. They are typically slow growing and less likely to spread to other parts of the body.
Malignant tongue neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancers that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant tongue neoplasm is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the thin, flat cells (squamous cells) that line the surface of the tongue.
Tongue neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening on the tongue, pain or burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and unexplained bleeding from the mouth. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.
Tongue diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue. These conditions can be categorized into several types, including:
1. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause tongue inflammation (glossitis), pain, and ulcers. Common causes include streptococcus, herpes simplex, and candida albicans.
2. Traumatic injuries: These can result from accidental bites, burns, or irritation caused by sharp teeth, dental appliances, or habitual habits like tongue thrusting or chewing.
3. Neoplasms: Both benign and malignant growths can occur on the tongue, such as papillomas, fibromas, and squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Congenital disorders: Some individuals may be born with abnormalities of the tongue, like ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) or macroglossia (enlarged tongue).
5. Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders can affect tongue movement and sensation, such as Bell's palsy, stroke, or multiple sclerosis.
6. Systemic diseases: Various systemic conditions can have symptoms that manifest on the tongue, like diabetes mellitus (which can cause dryness and furring), iron deficiency anemia (which may lead to atrophic glossitis), or Sjögren's syndrome (which can result in xerostomia).
7. Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of tongue symptoms remains unknown, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic glossitis or burning mouth syndrome.
Proper diagnosis and treatment of tongue diseases require a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, often involving a dental or medical specialist such as an oral pathologist, otolaryngologist, or dermatologist.
A fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves or furrows on the surface of the tongue. These grooves can vary in number and depth, and they may cover the entire surface of the tongue or only appear in certain areas. A fissured tongue is also sometimes referred to as a "scrotal tongue" due to its appearance.
While a fissured tongue is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment, it can occasionally be associated with other conditions such as down syndrome, oral cancer, or certain vitamin deficiencies. It may also increase the risk of tooth decay and gum disease due to the accumulation of food particles and bacteria in the grooves. In some cases, a fissured tongue may cause discomfort or pain, especially if it becomes infected or inflamed. If you have concerns about a fissured tongue or are experiencing symptoms related to this condition, it is recommended that you consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment options.
Tongue habits refer to the specific and repetitive ways in which an individual's tongue moves or rests inside their mouth. These habits can include things like tongue thrusting, where the tongue presses against the front teeth during speech or swallowing; tongue sucking, where the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth; or improper tongue positioning during rest, where the tongue may be positioned too far forward in the mouth or rest against the bottom teeth.
Tongue habits can have an impact on dental and oral health, as well as speech development and clarity. For example, persistent tongue thrusting can lead to an open bite, where the front teeth do not come together when the mouth is closed. Improper tongue positioning during rest can also contribute to the development of a deep overbite or an anterior open bite.
In some cases, tongue habits may be related to underlying conditions such as muscle weakness or sensory integration disorders. Speech-language pathologists and orthodontists may work together to assess and address tongue habits in order to improve oral function and overall health.
The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII), is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles of the tongue, allowing for its movement and function. These muscles include the intrinsic muscles that alter the shape of the tongue and the extrinsic muscles that position it in the oral cavity. The hypoglossal nerve also has some minor contributions to the innervation of two muscles in the neck: the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius. These functions are related to head turning and maintaining head position. Any damage to this nerve can lead to weakness or paralysis of the tongue, causing difficulty with speech, swallowing, and tongue movements.
Glossitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the tongue. This condition can cause symptoms such as swelling, redness, pain, and smoothness or discoloration of the tongue's surface. Glossitis can have various causes, including nutritional deficiencies (such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency), allergic reactions, infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), irritants (such as hot and spicy foods, alcohol, or tobacco), and autoimmune disorders (such as pemphigus vulgaris or lichen planus). Treatment for glossitis depends on the underlying cause.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide is a chemical compound that is often used in laboratory research as a carcinogenic agent. Its molecular formula is C6H4N2O3, and it is known to cause DNA damage and mutations, which can lead to the development of cancer. It is primarily used in scientific research to study the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and to test the effectiveness of potential cancer treatments.
It is important to note that 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide is not a medication or a treatment for any medical condition, and it should only be handled by trained professionals in a controlled laboratory setting.
Glossectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the partial or total removal of the tongue. This type of surgery may be performed for various reasons, such as treating certain types of cancer (like oral or tongue cancer) that have not responded to other forms of treatment, or removing a portion of the tongue that's severely damaged or injured due to trauma.
The extent of the glossectomy depends on the size and location of the tumor or lesion. A partial glossectomy refers to the removal of a part of the tongue, while a total glossectomy involves the complete excision of the tongue. In some cases, reconstructive surgery may be performed to help restore speech and swallowing functions after the procedure.
It is essential to note that a glossectomy can significantly impact a patient's quality of life, as the tongue plays crucial roles in speaking, swallowing, and taste sensation. Therefore, multidisciplinary care involving speech therapists, dietitians, and other healthcare professionals is often necessary to help patients adapt to their new conditions and optimize their recovery process.
A taste bud is a cluster of specialized sensory cells found primarily on the tongue, soft palate, and cheek that are responsible for the sense of taste. They contain receptor cells which detect specific tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami (savory). Each taste bud contains supporting cells and 50-100 taste receptor cells. These cells have hair-like projections called microvilli that come into contact with food or drink, transmitting signals to the brain to interpret the taste.
The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck, superior to the thyroid cartilage. It does not articulate with any other bones and serves as an attachment point for various muscles, including those involved in swallowing, breathing, and speaking. The unique structure of the hyoid bone allows it to support the tongue and contribute to the stability of the airway.
Halitosis is a medical term that refers to noticeably unpleasant breath. It's also commonly known as bad breath. This condition can result from several factors, including poor oral hygiene, certain foods, smoking, alcohol use, dry mouth, and various medical conditions (such as gastrointestinal issues, respiratory infections, or liver and kidney problems). Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices, like brushing twice a day and flossing daily, can help prevent halitosis. In some cases, mouthwashes, sugar-free gums, or mints may provide temporary relief. However, if bad breath persists, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or dentist for further evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Deglutition is the medical term for swallowing. It refers to the process by which food or liquid is transferred from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated muscle movements and neural responses. The deglutition process involves several stages, including oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases, each of which plays a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient swallowing.
Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty with swallowing, which can result from various underlying conditions such as neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, or muscular weakness. Proper evaluation and management of deglutition disorders are essential to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration.
The soft palate, also known as the velum, is the rear portion of the roof of the mouth that is made up of muscle and mucous membrane. It extends from the hard palate (the bony front part of the roof of the mouth) to the uvula, which is the small piece of tissue that hangs down at the back of the throat.
The soft palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing. During swallowing, it moves upward and backward to block off the nasal cavity, preventing food and liquids from entering the nose. In speech, it helps to direct the flow of air from the mouth into the nose, which is necessary for producing certain sounds.
Anatomically, the soft palate consists of several muscles that allow it to change shape and move. These muscles include the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus. The soft palate also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide sensation and help regulate its function.
The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It provides general sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, including taste sensation from the same region. It also supplies sensory innervation to the floor of the mouth and the lingual gingiva (gum tissue). The lingual nerve is closely associated with the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and their ducts.
In medical terms, the mouth is officially referred to as the oral cavity. It is the first part of the digestive tract and includes several structures: the lips, vestibule (the space enclosed by the lips and teeth), teeth, gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The mouth is responsible for several functions including speaking, swallowing, breathing, and eating, as it is the initial point of ingestion where food is broken down through mechanical and chemical processes, beginning the digestive process.
The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals, separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It consists of two portions: the anterior hard palate, which is composed of bone, and the posterior soft palate, which is composed of muscle and connective tissue. The palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing, as it helps to direct food and air to their appropriate locations during these activities.
In medical terms, a "lip" refers to the thin edge or border of an organ or other biological structure. However, when people commonly refer to "the lip," they are usually talking about the lips on the face, which are part of the oral cavity. The lips are a pair of soft, fleshy tissues that surround the mouth and play a crucial role in various functions such as speaking, eating, drinking, and expressing emotions.
The lips are made up of several layers, including skin, muscle, blood vessels, nerves, and mucous membrane. The outer surface of the lips is covered by skin, while the inner surface is lined with a moist mucous membrane. The muscles that make up the lips allow for movements such as pursing, puckering, and smiling.
The lips also contain numerous sensory receptors that help detect touch, temperature, pain, and other stimuli. Additionally, they play a vital role in protecting the oral cavity from external irritants and pathogens, helping to keep the mouth clean and healthy.
The glossopharyngeal nerve, also known as the ninth cranial nerve (IX), is a mixed nerve that carries both sensory and motor fibers. It originates from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem and has several functions:
1. Sensory function: The glossopharyngeal nerve provides general sensation to the posterior third of the tongue, the tonsils, the back of the throat (pharynx), and the middle ear. It also carries taste sensations from the back one-third of the tongue.
2. Special visceral afferent function: The nerve transmits information about the stretch of the carotid artery and blood pressure to the brainstem.
3. Motor function: The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle, which helps elevate the pharynx during swallowing. It also provides parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland, stimulating saliva production.
4. Visceral afferent function: The glossopharyngeal nerve carries information about the condition of the internal organs in the thorax and abdomen to the brainstem.
Overall, the glossopharyngeal nerve plays a crucial role in swallowing, taste, saliva production, and monitoring blood pressure and heart rate.
The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.
The lingual frenum is a small fold of mucous membrane that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth. It contains muscle fibers and can vary in length, thickness, and attachment level. In some individuals, the lingual frenum may be too short or tight, restricting tongue movement, which is known as being "tongue-tied" or having ankyloglossia. This condition can potentially impact speech, feeding, and oral hygiene, although in many cases, it does not cause any significant problems.
In a medical context, taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts with taste buds, which are specialized sensory cells found primarily on the tongue. The tongue's surface contains papillae, which house the taste buds. These taste buds can identify five basic tastes: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami (savory). Different areas of the tongue are more sensitive to certain tastes, but all taste buds can detect each of the five tastes, although not necessarily equally.
Taste is a crucial part of our sensory experience, helping us identify and differentiate between various types of food and drinks, and playing an essential role in appetite regulation and enjoyment of meals. Abnormalities in taste sensation can be associated with several medical conditions or side effects of certain medications.
In medical terms, the jaw is referred to as the mandible (in humans and some other animals), which is the lower part of the face that holds the lower teeth in place. It's a large, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw and serves as a attachment point for several muscles that are involved in chewing and moving the lower jaw.
In addition to the mandible, the upper jaw is composed of two bones known as the maxillae, which fuse together at the midline of the face to form the upper jaw. The upper jaw holds the upper teeth in place and forms the roof of the mouth, as well as a portion of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.
Together, the mandible and maxillae allow for various functions such as speaking, eating, and breathing.
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in the squamous cells, which are flat, thin cells that form the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. Squamous cell carcinoma can also develop in other areas of the body including the mouth, lungs, and cervix.
This type of cancer usually develops slowly and may appear as a rough or scaly patch of skin, a red, firm nodule, or a sore or ulcer that doesn't heal. While squamous cell carcinoma is not as aggressive as some other types of cancer, it can metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body if left untreated, making early detection and treatment important.
Risk factors for developing squamous cell carcinoma include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and older age. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, avoiding tanning beds, and getting regular skin examinations.
Mastication is the medical term for the process of chewing food. It's the first step in digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, making it easier to swallow and further digest. The act of mastication involves not only the physical grinding and tearing of food by the teeth but also the mixing of the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. This process helps to enhance the efficiency of digestion and nutrient absorption in the subsequent stages of the digestive process.
Speech articulation tests are diagnostic assessments used to determine the presence, nature, and severity of speech sound disorders in individuals. These tests typically involve the assessment of an individual's ability to produce specific speech sounds in words, sentences, and conversational speech. The tests may include measures of sound production, phonological processes, oral-motor function, and speech intelligibility.
The results of a speech articulation test can help identify areas of weakness or error in an individual's speech sound system and inform the development of appropriate intervention strategies to improve speech clarity and accuracy. Speech articulation tests are commonly used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate children and adults with speech sound disorders, including those related to developmental delays, hearing impairment, structural anomalies, neurological conditions, or other factors that may affect speech production.
The pharynx is a part of the digestive and respiratory systems that serves as a conduit for food and air. It is a musculo-membranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.
The pharynx has three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is the uppermost region, which lies above the soft palate and is connected to the nasal cavity. The oropharynx is the middle region, which includes the area between the soft palate and the hyoid bone, including the tonsils and base of the tongue. The laryngopharynx is the lowest region, which lies below the hyoid bone and connects to the larynx.
The primary function of the pharynx is to convey food from the oral cavity to the esophagus during swallowing and to allow air to pass from the nasal cavity to the larynx during breathing. It also plays a role in speech, taste, and immune defense.
The pharyngeal muscles, also known as the musculature of the pharynx, are a group of skeletal muscles that make up the walls of the pharynx, which is the part of the throat located just above the esophagus and behind the nasal and oral cavities. These muscles play a crucial role in several vital functions, including:
1. Swallowing (deglutition): The pharyngeal muscles contract in a coordinated sequence to propel food or liquids from the mouth through the pharynx and into the esophagus during swallowing.
2. Speech: The contraction and relaxation of these muscles help shape the sounds produced by the vocal cords, contributing to the production of speech.
3. Respiration: The pharyngeal muscles assist in maintaining an open airway during breathing, especially during sleep and when the upper airways are obstructed.
The pharyngeal muscles consist of three layers: the outer circular muscle layer, the middle longitudinal muscle layer, and the inner inferior constrictor muscle layer. The specific muscles that make up these layers include:
1. Superior constrictor muscle (outer circular layer)
2. Middle constrictor muscle (middle longitudinal layer)
3. Inferior constrictor muscle (inner inferior constrictor layer)
4. Stylopharyngeus muscle
5. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
6. Palatopharyngeus muscle
7. Buccinator muscle (partially contributes to the middle longitudinal layer)
These muscles work together to perform their various functions, and any dysfunction in these muscles can lead to problems like swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), speech impairments, or respiratory issues.
The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.
The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.
In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.
Fissured tongue - Wikipedia
Fissured Tongue: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
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Glossitis6
- Yarom N, Cantony U, Gorsky M. Prevalence of fissured tongue, geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis among Israeli adults of different ethnic origins. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] and Down syndrome and in frequent association with benign migratory glossitis ( geographic tongue ). (medscape.com)
- Benign Migratory Glossitis is also known as geographic tongue because of the map like appearance of these spots. (epainassist.com)
- 1. Goswami M, Verma A, Verma M. Benign migratory glossitis with fissured tongue. (bvsalud.org)
- Benign migratory glossitis, also known as geographic tongue, is characterized by the tongue inflammation and is associated with pain and difficulty eating due to the lingual papillae atrophy. (bvsalud.org)
- He was diagnosed with migratory glossitis associated with a fissured tongue. (bvsalud.org)
Grooves and fissures3
- The tongue with all its grooves and fissures is a favorite spot for bacteria to build up. (oxyfresh.com)
- The tongue had deep grooves and fissures. (nursinganswers.net)
- A long & prominent central groove was evident on the dorsum of the tongue going in a straight line with numerous small grooves and fissures running laterally from the middle third of the tongue (Fig: 3). (nursinganswers.net)
Dorsum of the tongue2
- Fissured tongue is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue. (wikipedia.org)
- Fissured tongue is a common, benign clinical condition of unknown etiology usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. (bmj.com)
Geographic53
- It is also seen in most patients with Down syndrome, in association with geographic tongue, in patients with oral manifestations of psoriasis, and in healthy individuals. (wikipedia.org)
- Eidelman E, Chosack A, Cohen T. Scrotal tongue and geographic tongue: polygenic and associated traits. (medscape.com)
- Fissured tongue and geographic tongue have been reported in association with chronic granulomatous disease. (medscape.com)
- however, it is also seen in association with conditions such as Down syndrome and geographic tongue. (bmj.com)
- Geographic tongue appears as well-demarcated red areas of the dorsal and lateral tongue, with white scalloped borders. (bmj.com)
- Geographic tongue is a common, benign clinical condition that predominantly affects the lateral margins, the tip, and the dorsal surface of the tongue. (bmj.com)
- Geographic tongue presents as well-delineated areas of erythema with raised white circinate edges. (bmj.com)
- Geographic tongue: clinical characteristics of 188 cases. (bmj.com)
- Individuals with geographic tongue may not have the regular papillae or raised bumps on the tongue. (healthmd.net)
- Their tongue will resemble the geographic map having contours. (healthmd.net)
- What Is Geographic Tongue? (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue is a condition that causes red patches to form on your tongue or in other areas of your mouth. (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue affects about 1%-3% of people. (webmd.com)
- The main symptom of geographic tongue is the presence of uneven red patches on the top, sides, and underside of your tongue. (webmd.com)
- You may not know that you have geographic tongue until your dentist or doctor spots it during a mouth exam. (webmd.com)
- It's not common, but some people with geographic tongue might have a burning or painful feeling. (webmd.com)
- Doctors aren't sure what causes geographic tongue. (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue tends to run in families, so it might also have something to do with your genes. (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue is also linked to a condition called fissured tongue, which causes grooves to form on the tongue. (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue can happen at any age, but it's more likely in young adults. (webmd.com)
- American Academy of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology: "Geographic Tongue. (webmd.com)
- American Academy of Oral Medicine: "Geographic Tongue," "Fissured Tongue. (webmd.com)
- National Organization for Rare Disorders: "Geographic Tongue. (webmd.com)
- Geographic tongue is a noncancerous condition that causes smooth reddish, patches on your tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- It's called geographic tongue because the patch patterns resemble the way that land masses and oceans are shown on maps. (clevelandclinic.org)
- You can have geographic tongue without having symptoms. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue is noncancerous, doesn't cause health issues and doesn't require treatment. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue is a non-cancerous condition that creates patches of smooth reddish skin on your tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue is benign, meaning it doesn't spread. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue isn't painful and it's not serious. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Experts estimate about 3% of all people worldwide have geographic tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with this condition may not have symptoms and may not seek medical care, so it's possible that more people than estimated have geographic tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Who has geographic tongue? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Anyone can develop geographic tongue, from babies to children to adults. (clevelandclinic.org)
- People with geographic tongue have fewer papillae than normal. (clevelandclinic.org)
- They believe people with certain diseases are more likely to develop geographic tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- What deficiencies cause geographic tongue? (clevelandclinic.org)
- People who don't get enough zinc, iron, folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 from their daily diet may have an increased risk of developing geographic tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- What foods cause geographic tongue? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Food doesn't cause geographic tongue, but spicy foods may create tingling or burning sensations where you have patches. (clevelandclinic.org)
- How do healthcare providers diagnose geographic tongue? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue tends to run in families. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Can I prevent geographic tongue? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Healthcare providers aren't sure what causes geographic tongue, but they believe people with certain conditions, like diabetes or skin issues, have increased risk of developing geographic tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Can geographic tongue be cured? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Geographic tongue often goes away on its own without treatment, but it can come back. (clevelandclinic.org)
- In geographic tongue , some areas of the tongue are red and smooth (like ulcers), often surrounded by a white border. (msdmanuals.com)
- The cause is unknown, but fissured tongue may occur with geographic tongue and some other disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
- The article reports the case of a patient who presented both erosion, irregular and well demarcated, lateral dorsum clinical conditions, fissured tongue and geographic tongue, delimitation at the tongue apex were observed, with yellowish with acute symptomatic manifestation and treatment. (bvsalud.org)
- B) on the lateral edge and ventral face of the tongue, white-yellowish edges and deep with the geographic tongue10. (bvsalud.org)
- However, the incidence of cracks geographic tongue is low among pediatric patients, and its occurrence in this population is rare 11. (bvsalud.org)
- 9. What does a geographic tongue indicate? (hmopage.org)
- A geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue that resemble a map. (hmopage.org)
FINE FISSURED5
- Armstrong FINE FISSURED ceiling tiles are the classic, budget conscious panel with a non-directional visual, standard acoustics, and different panel edges. (kanopibyarmstrong.com)
- Fine Fissured provides an economical, non-directional visual with standard acoustical absorption. (tejasmaterials.com)
- Most Fine Fissured panels offer HumiGuard+ no sag performance, are resistant to surface growth of mold and mildew and can be recycled at the end of their usable life. (tejasmaterials.com)
- Fine Fissured panels are compatible with standard suspension system and Axiom perimeter trim items. (tejasmaterials.com)
- Some Fine Fissured panels are available in light tones. (tejasmaterials.com)
Lingua plicata3
- This is called lingua plicata or scrotal tongue in medical terms and this condition is harmless. (healthmd.net)
- Fissured tongue, also known as "Lingua plicata" or "Scrotal Tongue", is a common condition that affects about 2-5% of the population. (smilescare.com)
- 1 MRS is a non-caseating granulomatous disease showing (complete or incomplete form) a triad of facial paralysis, orofacial oedema and fissured tongue (scrotal tongue, lingua plicata, or furrowed tongue). (nursinganswers.net)
Seen in Melkersson-Rosentha1
- Fissured tongue is seen in Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (along with facial nerve paralysis and granulomatous cheilitis). (wikipedia.org)
Reddish brown discoloration2
- Once chronicity is established, the enlarged lip appears cracked and fissured, with reddish brown discoloration and scaling. (medscape.com)
- The lip may become hard, cracked, and fissured with a reddish-brown discoloration. (nih.gov)
Discoloration3
- Black discoloration on the top of the tongue may occur if a person takes bismuth preparations for an upset stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
- Brushing the tongue with a toothbrush or scraping it with a tongue scraper can remove such discoloration. (msdmanuals.com)
- A small blue-black discoloration on the underside of the tongue may be a tattoo caused by a fragment of dental amalgam filling material, which contains silver, becoming stuck in the tongue. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms8
- The causes and the symptoms of a fissure in the tongue. (9jastreet.com)
- The symptoms of fissured tongue range from being mild to being severe. (9jastreet.com)
- Your dentist or doctor will ask about your symptoms and look at your mouth and tongue. (webmd.com)
- Asking about your symptoms, such as whether your tongue hurts or if the patches on your tongue go away and come back. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Symptoms of Tongue Thrust in Children & Adults, its Causes, Treatment and What Happens If The Tongue Thrust Is Not Treated? (epainassist.com)
- the symptoms of scarlet fever disappear and the tongue goes back to its normal color. (epainassist.com)
- Kawasaki syndrome mostly affects toddlers and infants and has multiple symptoms like high fever, swelling of hands and feet and an unusually red tongue. (epainassist.com)
- The therapy used in this patient was effective in restoring the tongue papillae and improving signs and symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
Anal Fissure2
- Hi iam a 32 year old man suffering with Anal Fissure and Fistula. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Hi, I got anal fissure after the birth of my son. (abchomeopathy.com)
Migratory1
- Benign migratory glossite or geographical tongue is on the tongue as well. (bvsalud.org)
Lips7
- When seen in association with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, the morbidity is due not to the fissured tongue but is secondary to the granulomatous inflammation of the lips/facial soft tissues and facial paralysis. (medscape.com)
- She had fissuring on the tongue and lips. (e-ijd.org)
- The oral cavity includes the lips (vermillion and labial mucosa), buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue, hard and soft palate, gingivae, retromolar trigone and teeth. (medscape.com)
- For more information about the relevant anatomy, see Mouth Anatomy , Tongue Anatomy , Tooth Anatomy , Taste System Anatomy , and Lips and Perioral Region Anatomy . (medscape.com)
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips (usually upper lip), and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue. (nih.gov)
- The orofacial swelling is characterized by fissured, reddish-brown, swollen, nonpruritic lips or firm edema of the face. (nursinganswers.net)
- You may notice you have a dry tongue, lips or throat. (dornindentalcenter.com)
Diagnosis6
- Black hairy tongue: predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment. (bmj.com)
- however, if the spots fail to disappear over a course of 2 weeks, then consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis to rule out any other cause for the unusual appearance of the tongue. (epainassist.com)
- The least common feature is fissured tongue, although seen in one third to one half of patients but when present it assists in the diagnosis. (nursinganswers.net)
- The diagnosis of the patient with tongue tuberculosis is usually delayed. (iraqinmj.com)
- 10. Can tongue analysis replace medical diagnosis? (hmopage.org)
- If you have concerns about your tongue or any other health issues, consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. (hmopage.org)
Hairy10
- Hairy tongue occurs when the physiologic balance between keratin production and shedding through normal oral function is chronically disrupted with consequent elongation of the keratinized component of the filiform papillae that cover the tongue dorsum. (bmj.com)
- Improving oral hygiene, stopping smoking, and using a tongue scraper appropriately aids management of hairy tongue. (bmj.com)
- Hairy tongue is a common, benign clinical condition with the hairy appearance on the dorsal tongue caused by keratin retention on the top of the filiform papillae. (bmj.com)
- Hairy tongue presents on the dorsal surface as diffuse hair-like projections, particularly in the midline. (bmj.com)
- In "hairy" tongue , keratin (a normal body protein that is in hair, skin, and nails) accumulates on the normal projections on the top of the tongue (papillae) and gives it a hairy appearance. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hairy tongue may develop when food debris is trapped in the papillae when people do not clean their mouth adequately. (msdmanuals.com)
- Usually, a product of smoking, drinking coffee or other dark drinks, or having poor dental hygiene, dark hairy looing patches can appear on your tongue. (crawfordleishmandental.com)
- It difficult to imagine this tongue problem, but it is not entirely uncommon for people to develop a black hairy tongue . (epainassist.com)
- 5. What does a black, hairy tongue indicate? (hmopage.org)
- A black, hairy tongue is usually harmless and occurs when the papillae on the tongue grow longer and trap bacteria. (hmopage.org)
Benign condition1
- Fissured tongue is a totally benign condition and is considered by most to be a variant of normal tongue architecture. (medscape.com)
Condition characterized1
- Fissured tongue is a clinical condition characterized by pain, discomfort, increased sensitivity and burning sensation the presence of numerous small grooves or cracks on the on the tongue, especially when he ate some specific foods tongue surface, usually disseminated from a medial central such as citrus fruits. (bvsalud.org)
Soreness2
- 3. Soreness of the tongue and pain in the tongue can also occur. (9jastreet.com)
- Feeling soreness in your tongue could mean a few things. (crawfordleishmandental.com)
Nasal bridge2
- The vast majority of children with Down syndrome have extra skin at the inner corners of the eyelids ("epicanthal folds"), slanting rather than horizontal eye openings ("slanted palpebral fissures"), and a flattened nasal bridge. (ds-health.com)
- Surgical procedures used toward this goal include partial resection of the tongue, correction of the down-turned lip, lifting of the nasal bridge, removal of fat from the neck, placing implants in the zygomatic bones (cheeks), removing the epicanthal folds and making the palpebral fissures more horizontal. (ds-health.com)
Groove4
- A fissured tongue occurs when there is a deep groove or fissure on the upper portion of the tongue or at the lateral part of the tongue. (9jastreet.com)
- Tiles with Square Lay-In are the easiest to install, but the visual effect of tegular, vector, or tongue & groove are interesting and appealing to many people. (kanopibyarmstrong.com)
- Tongue & Groove design provides a seamless, uninterrupted, grid-less look. (kanopibyarmstrong.com)
- Concealed and Tongue & Groove options provide a retro 1'x1' look. (tejasmaterials.com)
Facial5
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare condition consisting of a triad of persistent or recurring lip or facial swelling, intermittent seventh (facial) nerve paralysis ( Bell palsy ), and a fissured tongue. (medscape.com)
- In both these cases, the children will have fissured tongue along with facial swelling or paralysis on the face. (healthmd.net)
- Miescher-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome involves the association with facial nerve palsy and plicated tongue. (medscape.com)
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) classically shows a triad of orofacial swelling, fissured tongue and facial palsy, more commonly the oligosymptomatic form. (nursinganswers.net)
- chelitis granulomatosa, facial palsy, fissured tongue. (nursinganswers.net)
Usually harmless3
- Fissures on the tongue are usually harmless and in rare cases it can get infected if debris builds on it. (healthmd.net)
- These are usually harmless and can be fixed by cutting out the cause, practicing better hygiene, or scraping your tongue/brushing it when you brush your teeth. (crawfordleishmandental.com)
- A cracked tongue, also known as a fissured tongue, is usually harmless and often hereditary. (hmopage.org)
Hyposalivation2
- A significant association was found between oral candidiasis, denture stomatitis and the atrophic tongue with hyposalivation. (conicyt.cl)
- Studies have attributed a higher prevalence of oral candidiasis denture stomatitis, atrophic tongue, dysgeusia, fissured tongue, associated with both hyposalivation and xerostomia 3 , 7 , 9 , 18 , 28 . (conicyt.cl)
Sealants5
- How long do pit and fissure sealants last? (dentalhealth.org)
- How do pit and fissure sealants work? (dentalhealth.org)
- The many services we provide for children include examinations, cleanings, fillings, tongue tie treatments, fissure sealants and mouthguards for sport. (perthdentalclinic.com.au)
- Often, we recommend fissure sealants to our paediatric patients. (perthdentalclinic.com.au)
- If we feel that fissure sealants are a good option for your child, we'll be sure to discuss it with you at their appointment. (perthdentalclinic.com.au)
Atrophic1
- In the intrabuccal examination, areas around the atrophic mucosa with alternation among he presented normal periodontal conditions and good oral activity, remission and reactivation in several tongue sites4-6. (bvsalud.org)
Discomfort3
- This USA-made, dentist-recommended tongue scraper has a gentle scraping blade to get rid of tongue bacteria without causing discomfort. (oxyfresh.com)
- the tongue can be the site for various health issues which can result in major or minor discomfort and the inability to taste food. (epainassist.com)
- This paper reports the case of a 47-year-old male patient who sought dental care with the main complaint of burning, discomfort, increased sensitivity and a burning sensation on the tongue. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical condition1
- Fissured tongue (FT) is a clinical condition manifested by numerous little furrows on the tongue's surface. (nih.gov)
Polygenic1
- Although a specific etiology has not been elicited for fissured tongue, a polygenic or autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suspected because fissured tongue is seen with increased frequency in families with an affected proband. (medscape.com)
Occur4
- They may occur in isolated areas of the tongue or may cover the entire dorsum. (bmj.com)
- It can occur due to injury or trauma to the tongue or due to teeth grinding. (healthmd.net)
- It can occur due to allergic reactions, reflux disease or in rare cases due to tongue cancer. (healthmd.net)
- 5. The inflammation of the tongue can also occur. (9jastreet.com)
Syndrome5
- Fissured tongue is also sometimes a feature of Cowden's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Inform patients that fissured tongue is a frequent finding and no specific therapy is required, aside from that necessary to treat the manifestations of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, if present. (medscape.com)
- Fissured tongue is also found in about 80% of children with down syndrome. (crawfordleishmandental.com)
- Kawasaki Syndrome can also result in an unusually red tongue. (epainassist.com)
- Children with Down syndrome often have an open mouth and protruding tongue, though this appears to be worse in early childhood. (ds-health.com)
Projections2
- Papillae are tiny, hair-like projections that protect your tongue. (clevelandclinic.org)
- The tongue's papillae (tiny, rounded projections) may become discolored if a person smokes or chews tobacco, eats certain foods or vitamins, or has colored bacteria growing on the tongue. (msdmanuals.com)
Lateral2
- Fissured tongue is a condition frequently seen in the general population that is characterized by grooves that vary in depth and are noted along the dorsal and lateral aspects of the tongue, as shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
- Because when it occurs, there are always fissures or grooves that appear on the tongue, especially on the lateral sides. (9jastreet.com)
Lesions4
- Odd tongues: the prevalence of common tongue lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age. (bmj.com)
- Fissured tongue is one of the nonspecific tongue lesions rarely observed in HIV patients under HAART. (journalcra.com)
- A 37-year-old wild caught female dolphin with a history of chronic, non-healing ulcerated lesions on the tongue and frenulum was diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma in July 2005. (vin.com)
- While most of the lesions remained 1-2 mm in size, one area in the sublingual tissue ventral to the left side of the tongue developed an ulcerated fissure and formed into a palpable mass. (vin.com)
Deep4
- Deep fissures like those seen on this dog's tongue can entrap hair. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Your dental team will tell you which teeth should be sealed after they have examined them, and checked whether the fissures are deep enough for sealing to help. (dentalhealth.org)
- In fissured tongue , deep grooves are located on the tongue surface. (msdmanuals.com)
- white edges and deep cracks at the dorsal region of the tongue. (bvsalud.org)
Painful2
- The fissured lip becomes painful and eventually acquires the consistency of firm rubber. (medscape.com)
- Store brand tongue scrapers can be rigid, uncomfortable and even painful on the tongue. (oxyfresh.com)
Papillae3
- Normally, your tongue is covered with papillae. (clevelandclinic.org)
- The oropharynx begins superiorly at the junction between the hard palate and the soft palate, and inferiorly behind the circumvallate papillae of the tongue. (medscape.com)
- Papillae or the small bumps present on the surface of the tongue generally grow over a lifetime. (epainassist.com)
Swollen2
- 6. What does a swollen tongue indicate? (hmopage.org)
- A swollen tongue can indicate an allergic reaction, hypothyroidism, or dehydration. (hmopage.org)
Examination1
- Your doctor can easily detect fissured tongue by mere examination of the tongue. (healthmd.net)
Mucous1
- And fissure is sometimes dry and some times mucous. (abchomeopathy.com)
Scraper11
- A tongue scraper collects bacteria from the nooks and crannies of the tongue like a toothbrush can't. (oxyfresh.com)
- That's why using a tongue scraper for bad breath is essential for a fresh-smelling mouth. (oxyfresh.com)
- Using a tongue scraper can help you enjoy your favorite foods on a whole new level and even aid in digestion. (oxyfresh.com)
- Why do dentists recommend that you use a tongue scraper first thing in the morning? (oxyfresh.com)
- Because a tongue scraper can remove much more bacteria versus a toothbrush, t his handy little tool plays an important role in preventing decay and expensive dental bills down the road. (oxyfresh.com)
- Using a tongue scraper will forever change your daily dental routine. (oxyfresh.com)
- Using a tongue scraper is an easy, inexpensive way to keep your mouth healthy and your breath fresh. (oxyfresh.com)
- For a clean tongue without the ouch , get the Oxyfresh Oolitt® Elite Tongue Scraper. (oxyfresh.com)
- Wondering how to clean your tongue scraper? (oxyfresh.com)
- Use the Oxyfresh Oolitt® Elite Tongue Scraper twice a day before brushing (remember - a tongue scraper removes 75% more bacteria versus a toothbrush), then go have a fresh breath kind of day! (oxyfresh.com)
- Scrape Your Way to Fresh Breath with the Oolitt® Elite Tongue Scraper. (oxyfresh.com)
Rectum2
- The doctor who is a specialist also said that my rectum is tight and that I am prone to getting back the fissure for as long as I breastfeed. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Fissures, with pain during stool, as if rectum were torn. (homeopathyforwomen.org)
Tooth2
- Pit and fissure sealing reduces tooth decay and the number of fillings you might need. (dentalhealth.org)
- While it may be less noticeable in the early stages, the changes may progress to more devastating oral complications such as tooth decay, oral fungal infections, bad taste, bad breath, fissured tongue, etc. (inoralhealth.com)
Strawberry3
- this tongue problem is defined by an abnormally red appearance of the tongue almost similar to the color of a strawberry. (epainassist.com)
- This common tongue problem is often accompanied by red splotches that make the tongue appear even more like a strawberry. (epainassist.com)
- Scarlet Fever results in a strawberry red tongue and this tongue problem is often treated with a course of antibiotics. (epainassist.com)
Characteristic1
- Presence of grooves or cracks on the tongue is characteristic marks of fissured tongue. (healthmd.net)
Practice2
- Brush your tongue properly and practice good hygiene. (healthmd.net)
- In fact, the practice of scraping the tongue dates back to ancient times. (oxyfresh.com)
Teeth2
- These are the teeth that have 'pits' (small hollows) and 'fissures' (grooves) on their biting surfaces. (dentalhealth.org)
- They will tell you if fissure sealing will help your teeth, and if it is the right time to do it. (dentalhealth.org)
Sensation1
- 1. A burning sensation on the tongue, especially on the part that the grooves or fissure appear. (9jastreet.com)
Dorsal surface1
- The occurrence of of breaks or slits in the tissue of the dorsal surface of the TONGUE . (nih.gov)
Mouth9
- The tongue is the flexible organ that we have in the mouth, we use it to move edible things around in the mouth, it is also our sense of taste. (9jastreet.com)
- and a tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- The lingual frenum is the primary soft tissue attachment of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. (medscape.com)
- Leukoplakia is characterized by the appearance of white patches in the mouth and on the tongue brought on by the excessive growth of cells. (epainassist.com)
- this tongue problem is a common yeast infection that affects the mouth and is most visibly prominent on the tongue. (epainassist.com)
- Oral thrush is characterized by yeast growth on the tongue and the mouth, which can be identified by its white patchy appearance that is similar to cottage cheese in consistency. (epainassist.com)
- Another common feature is a protruding tongue with an open mouth. (ds-health.com)
- A tongue tie is a condition marked by a short, tight or thick band of tissue that tethers the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. (perthdentalclinic.com.au)
- The tongue, a small muscular organ located in the mouth, is not only responsible for tasting and swallowing food but also for providing valuable insights into your overall health. (hmopage.org)