A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.
Production of a radiographic image of a small or very thin object on fine-grained photographic film under conditions which permit subsequent microscopic examination or enlargement of the radiograph at linear magnifications of up to several hundred and with a resolution approaching the resolving power of the photographic emulsion (about 1000 lines per millimeter).
One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.
A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)
Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33)
Therapeutic technique for replacement of minerals in partially decalcified teeth.
Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
A test to determine the relative hardness of a metal, mineral, or other material according to one of several scales, such as Brinell, Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Shore. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Diagnostic tests conducted in order to measure the increment of active DENTAL CARIES over a period of time.
Removal of mineral constituents or salts from bone or bone tissue. Demineralization is used as a method of studying bone strength and bone chemistry.
Fluorides, usually in pastes or gels, used for topical application to reduce the incidence of DENTAL CARIES.
The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.
The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.
Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)
Dental caries involving the tooth root, cementum, or cervical area of the tooth.
The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)
The susceptibility of the DENTAL ENAMEL to dissolution.
Substances that promote DENTAL CARIES.
Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.
The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.
The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC; ENAMEL ORGAN; and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.
A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries.
The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)
Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.
Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.
A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)
Photographic techniques used in ORTHODONTICS; DENTAL ESTHETICS; and patient education.
The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.
The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)
Neodymium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.
Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.
Devices used in the home by persons to maintain dental and periodontal health. The devices include toothbrushes, dental flosses, water irrigators, gingival stimulators, etc.

The effect of triclosan toothpaste on enamel demineralization in a bacterial demineralization model. (1/173)

Triclosan has been incorporated into toothpaste to enhance inhibitory effects on bacterial metabolism in dental plaque. Many studies have confirmed these effects by showing a reduction of accumulation of dental plaque, gingivitis and calculus. However, there is no evidence for triclosan having an inhibitory effect on the dental plaque-induced demineralization of the dental hard tissues. Therefore, the effect of 0.3% triclosan added to non-fluoride and fluoride toothpaste was tested in an in vitro model, in which bovine enamel specimens were to be demineralized by acids produced in overlaying Streptococcus mutans suspensions. In a first set of experiments the toothpastes were added to the S. mutans suspensions at 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10,000 (w/v) dilutions. After 22 h incubation at 37 degrees C the suspensions were removed and assessed for calcium and lactate content, and pH. In this set of experiments, triclosan had no additive protective effect to the non-fluoride or fluoride toothpaste. In a second set of experiments, the enamel specimens were immersed daily for 3 min in 30% (w/v) slurries of the toothpastes before the 22 h incubation with the S. mutans suspensions. Under these conditions, triclosan showed an additional protective effect compared with non-fluoride toothpaste at a low concentration of S. mutans cells (0.07 mg cells dry weight per 600 microL suspension). It is concluded that the enamel surface may act as a reservoir for triclosan, which may protect the enamel surface against a mild acid attack. In combination with fluoride, however, as in toothpaste, triclosan has no additional protective effect against demineralization.  (+info)

Fluoride-releasing elastomerics--a prospective controlled clinical trial. (2/173)

A prospective controlled clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of stannous fluoride-releasing elastomeric modules (Fluor-I-Ties) and chain (Fluor-I-Chain) in the prevention of enamel decalcification during fixed appliance therapy. Forty-nine patients (782 teeth) were included in the experimental group, where the fluoride-releasing elastomerics were used. Forty-five patients (740 teeth) who received non fluoride-releasing elastomerics formed the control group. All patients had their elastomerics replaced at each visit. Enamel decalcification incidence and distribution were recorded using an index by direct clinical observation. In the control group enamel decalcification occurred in 73 per cent of patients and in 26 per cent of all teeth. In the experimental group the corresponding incidence was 63 and 16 per cent, respectively. The overall reduction in score per tooth produced by the fluoride-releasing elastomerics was 49 per cent, a highly significant difference (P < 0.001). A significant difference was seen in all but the occlusal enamel zones. The majority (over 50 per cent) of lesions occurred gingivally. The teeth most severely affected were the maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolars. There was no difference in treatment duration between groups.  (+info)

Study of the fluoridated adhesive resin cement--fluoride release, fluoride uptake and acid resistance of tooth structures. (3/173)

The objectives of this study, were to evaluate the fluoride release from fluoridate adhesive resin cement, fluoride uptake into surrounding tooth structures and the effect of their acid resistance. Several specimens were prepared using a plastic ring mould, from extracted human premolars, and prepared from enamel and dentin of the central area of the buccal surface of bovine teeth. The fluoride release rate of fluoridate adhesive resin cement (PN 200) per day was higher than other materials during the 7-day study period. Fluoride released and fluoride uptake by tooth structures was higher in the fluoridate adhesive resin cement. WDX analysis showed the fluoride concentration on dentin contact area was higher than that of enamel after 60 days of immersion in deionized water. The calcium release values were similar for enamel and dentin plates in the various test materials. The present findings indicated the important enhancement of tooth structure acid resistance by fluoridate material.  (+info)

Fluoride-releasing elastomeric modules reduce decalcification: a randomized controlled trial. (4/173)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fluoride releasing elastomeric modules reduced the incidence of decalcification around orthodontic brackets during a complete course of orthodontic treatment. DESIGN: A randomised controlled, split mouth design. SETTING: The study was carried out in the orthodontic department of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Dental Hospital, UK. SUBJECT AND METHODS: 21 consecutive patients (126 teeth) undergoing fixed appliance therapy were studied. A split mouth technique was adopted to examine the upper labial segment, where one side (left or right) was randomly assigned to the experimental group, and the opposite side served as a control throughout their course of orthodontic treatment. INTERVENTIONS: The control teeth were ligated to the archwire using conventional modules. The experimental teeth were ligated to the archwire using Fluoride releasing elastomeric modules. OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardised photographs were taken of the upper labial segment before and after completion of orthodontic treatment, and the degree of decalcification assessed in each tooth quadrant, using a modification of the Enamel Defect Score. RESULTS: Decalcification was found to occur in both treatment groups, though to a significantly greater degree on the control side (p = 0.002). The fluoride module side showed significantly fewer serious decalcified lesions than the control (p = 0.013). No patients withdrew from the study. CONCLUSIONS: It would appear that the use of fluoride releasing elastomeric modules reduces the degree of decalcification experienced during orthodontic treatment.  (+info)

Dental enamel formation and its impact on clinical dentistry. (5/173)

The nature of tooth enamel is of inherent interest to dental professionals. The current-day clinical practice of dentistry involves the prevention of enamel demineralization, the promotion of enamel remineralization, the restoration of cavitated enamel where demineralization has become irreversible, the vital bleaching of dental enamel that has become discolored, and the diagnosis and treatment of developmental enamel malformations, which can be caused by environmental or genetic factors. On a daily basis, dental health providers make diagnostic and treatment decisions that are influenced by their understanding of tooth formation. A systemic condition during tooth development, such as high fever, can produce a pattern of enamel defects in the dentition. Knowing the timing of tooth development permits estimates about the timing of the disturbance. The process of enamel maturation continues following tooth eruption, so that erupted teeth can become less susceptible to decay over time. Mutations in the genes encoding enamel proteins lead to amelogenesis imperfecta, a collection of inherited diseases having enamel malformations as the predominant phenotype. Defects in the amelogenin gene cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, and genes encoding other enamel proteins are candidates for autosomal forms. Here we review our current understanding of dental enamel formation, and relate this information to clinical circumstances where this understanding may be particularly relevant.  (+info)

Varnish or polymeric coating for the prevention of demineralization? An ex vivo study. (6/173)

OBJECTIVE: The ability of an experimental coating, Odyssey, to prevent demineralisation ex vivo was compared with that of a fluoride varnish, Duraphat and a chlorhexidine-containing varnish, Cervitec. DESIGN: an ex vivo single-blind study. SETTING: Hard tissue research laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: thirty bovine enamel blocks 0.5 cm x 1.5 cm were divided into 6 groups of 5 specimens. The enamel blocks were then allocated to one of 6 surface treatments. INTERVENTIONS: (1) surface left unprepared (control), (2) Duraphat application, (3) Cervitec application, (4) experimental polymer coating, (5) enamel conditioned with 10% citric acid and coated with the experimental polymer coating Odyssey (O + C), (6) enamel etched for 30 sec with 37% phosphoric acid and coated with the experimental coating (O + E). All specimens were cycled for 7 days through a daily procedure of demineralisation for 4 hours and remineralisation for 20 hours, and exposed to an equivalent of 2 months toothbrushing. A single operator blinded to the treatment allocation of each specimen carried artificial lesion depth assessment out using computer-assisted transverse microradiography. RESULTS: The control group had the greatest mean lesion depth (97.16 + 29.8 microm) with the Duraphat group exhibiting the lowest mean lesion depth (24.53 + 15.44 microm). The Duraphat, Odyssey, O + C and O + E groups all had significantly less lesion depth when compared with no surface preparation (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There were no significant differences between any of the Odyssey groups. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of Duraphat application in preventing demineralisation ex vivo has been demonstrated in the present study, but clinical trials are required to assess its usefulness in orthodontic practice.  (+info)

A resin veneer for enamel protection during orthodontic treatment. (7/173)

The aims of this study were to test the tensile bond strength of a recently developed veneer. Sound premolar teeth (120) extracted for orthodontic purposes were divided into two experimental and two control groups. In one experimental group (V1) 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (4META) was used on the surface veneer prepared with micro particle filled resin (MFR) as an adhesive for bracketing and in the second group (V2) 4META was applied on the surface veneer with the trial resin. For the controls, in group R 4META was used on the enamel surface without veneer and in group G light-cured glass ionomer cement was applied. The 30 samples in each group were divided into three groups of 10 samples and thermal cycled (TC) at 3000, 10,000 or left uncycled. Tensile testing was carried out using an Instron machine. After tensile testing the bond failures in the experimental groups were recorded using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. In group V2 the resin veneer was able to maintain sufficient bond force to enamel during clinical use. The bond strength of group V1 was significantly higher than that of groups R (P < 0.05) and G (P < 0.01) at TC 0, but for both TC 3000 and 10,000, the bond strength of group V1 was lower than groups R and G, respectively. There were significant differences between groups V1 and R (P < 0.01) for TC 3000, and between groups V1 and R and G (P < 0.01) at TC 10,000. The bond strength of group V2 was almost equal to that of group R at TC 0. At TC 3000, group V2 showed significantly lower bond strength than group R (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found compared with group G. At TC 10,000, there were no significant differences between groups V2, R or G. When comparing groups V1 and V2, the bond strength of group V1 was significantly higher than that of group V2 (P < 0.01) at TC 0, but the bond strength of group V1 was significantly lower than that of group V2 for both TC 3000 (P < 0.05) and TC 10,000 (P < 0.01). Comparison between groups R and G, showed that the bond strength of group R was significantly higher than that of group G for both TC 0 (P < 0.01) and TC 3000 (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was found for TC 10,000. In group V2, nine samples showed adhesive failure between the veneer surface and bracket adhesive before thermal cycling. There were significant differences between the MFR and both trial resin and glass ionomer cement (P < 0.01) when examining thermal expansion. No significant difference was found between the trial resin and glass ionomer cement. It is suggested that application of a resin veneer prior to bracket bonding is suitable for clinical application to protect the teeth and to prevent decalcification and caries.  (+info)

Effect of experimental fluoride-releasing tooth separator on acid resistance of human enamel in vitro. (8/173)

This study aimed to investigate the fluoride-releasing ability of an experimental tooth separator consisting of polyurethane elastomer with tin fluoride and its effect on the acid resistance of human enamel. The tooth separator was set around an enamel slab and stored in de-ionized water for 10 days. The daily concentration of fluoride in the de-ionized water was measured. Then the enamel surface was artificially decalcified by a lactic acid buffer solution (pH 4.5) for 96 hours. The mineral density at the surface layer of the enamel was measured to evaluate the acid resistance. The fluoride release increased with the amount of fluoride in the separator, but decreased with the immersion time. Both the enamel area contacting with the separator and its surrounding area showed lower mineral loss and lesion depth compared with the controls (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the experimental tooth separator would release enough fluoride and improve the acid resistance of the enamel surface layer.  (+info)

Tooth demineralization is a process that involves the loss of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, from the hard tissues of the teeth. This process can lead to the development of dental caries or tooth decay. Demineralization occurs when acids produced by bacteria in the mouth attack the enamel of the tooth, dissolving its mineral content. Over time, these attacks can create holes or cavities in the teeth. Fluoride, found in many toothpastes and public water supplies, can help to remineralize teeth and prevent decay. Good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, can also help to prevent demineralization by removing plaque and bacteria from the mouth.

Microradiography is a radiographic technique that uses X-rays to produce detailed images of small specimens, such as microscopic slides or individual cells. In this process, the specimen is placed in close contact with a high-resolution photographic emulsion, and then exposed to X-rays. The resulting image shows the distribution of radiopaque materials within the specimen, providing information about its internal structure and composition at a microscopic level.

Microradiography can be used for various applications in medical research and diagnosis, including the study of bone and tooth microstructure, the analysis of tissue pathology, and the examination of mineralized tissues such as calcifications or osteogenic lesions. The technique offers high resolution and contrast, making it a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians seeking to understand the complex structures and processes that occur at the microscopic level in living organisms.

A tooth is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (upper and lower) of many vertebrates and used for biting and chewing food. In humans, a typical tooth has a crown, one or more roots, and three layers: the enamel (the outermost layer, hardest substance in the body), the dentin (the layer beneath the enamel), and the pulp (the innermost layer, containing nerves and blood vessels). Teeth are essential for proper nutrition, speech, and aesthetics. There are different types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, each designed for specific functions in the mouth.

Dental enamel is the hard, white, outermost layer of a tooth. It is a highly mineralized and avascular tissue, meaning it contains no living cells or blood vessels. Enamel is primarily composed of calcium and phosphate minerals and serves as the protective covering for the crown of a tooth, which is the portion visible above the gum line.

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, and its primary function is to provide structural support and protection to the underlying dentin and pulp tissues of the tooth. It also plays a crucial role in chewing and biting by helping to distribute forces evenly across the tooth surface during these activities.

Despite its hardness, dental enamel can still be susceptible to damage from factors such as tooth decay, erosion, and abrasion. Once damaged or lost, enamel cannot regenerate or repair itself, making it essential to maintain good oral hygiene practices and seek regular dental checkups to prevent enamel damage and protect overall oral health.

Pathologic bone demineralization is a condition characterized by the loss of minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, from the bones. This process makes the bones more porous, weaker, and more susceptible to fractures. It can occur due to various medical conditions, including osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease of bone, and cancer that has spread to the bones (metastatic cancer).

In a healthy individual, the body constantly remodels the bones by removing old bone tissue (resorption) and replacing it with new tissue. This process is regulated by two types of cells: osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, and osteoblasts, which produce new bone tissue. In pathologic bone demineralization, there is an imbalance between the activity of these two cell types, with excessive resorption and inadequate formation of new bone tissue.

Pathologic bone demineralization can lead to a range of symptoms, including bone pain, fractures, loss of height, and a decreased ability to perform daily activities. Treatment for this condition depends on the underlying cause but may include medications that slow down bone resorption or promote bone formation, as well as lifestyle changes such as exercise and dietary modifications.

Tooth remineralization is a natural process by which minerals, such as calcium and phosphate, are redeposited into the microscopic pores (hydroxyapatite crystals) in the enamel of a tooth. This process can help to repair early decay and strengthen the teeth. It occurs when the mouth's pH is neutral or slightly alkaline, which allows the minerals in our saliva, fluoride from toothpaste or other sources, and calcium and phosphate ions from foods to be absorbed into the enamel. Remineralization can be promoted through good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with a fluoride toothpaste, flossing, and eating a balanced diet that includes foods rich in calcium and phosphate.

Cariostatic agents are substances or medications that are used to prevent or inhibit the development and progression of dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities. These agents work by reducing the ability of bacteria in the mouth to produce acid, which can erode the enamel and dentin of the teeth and lead to cavities.

There are several types of cariostatic agents that are commonly used in dental care, including:

1. Fluorides: These are the most widely used and well-studied cariostatic agents. They work by promoting the remineralization of tooth enamel and making it more resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride can be found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, gels, varnishes, and fluoridated water supplies.
2. Antimicrobial agents: These substances work by reducing the population of bacteria in the mouth that contribute to tooth decay. Examples include chlorhexidine, triclosan, and xylitol.
3. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP): This is a complex protein that has been shown to help remineralize tooth enamel and reduce the risk of dental caries. It can be found in some toothpastes and mouthwashes.
4. Silver diamine fluoride: This is a topical fluoride compound that contains silver ions, which have antimicrobial properties. It has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting dental caries, particularly in high-risk populations such as young children and older adults with dry mouth.

It's important to note that while cariostatic agents can help reduce the risk of tooth decay, they are not a substitute for good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and visiting the dentist regularly.

A hardness test is a quantitative measure of a material's resistance to deformation, typically defined as the penetration of an indenter with a specific shape and load into the surface of the material being tested. There are several types of hardness tests, including Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell, and Knoop, each with their own specific methods and applications. The resulting hardness value is used to evaluate the material's properties, such as wear resistance, durability, and suitability for various industrial or manufacturing processes. Hardness tests are widely used in materials science, engineering, and quality control to ensure the consistency and reliability of materials and components.

Dental caries activity tests are a group of diagnostic procedures used to measure or evaluate the activity and progression of dental caries (tooth decay). These tests help dentists and dental professionals determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their patients. Here are some commonly used dental caries activity tests:

1. **Bacterial Counts:** This test measures the number of bacteria present in a sample taken from the tooth surface. A higher bacterial count indicates a higher risk of dental caries.
2. **Sucrose Challenge Test:** In this test, a small amount of sucrose (table sugar) is applied to the tooth surface. After a set period, the presence and quantity of acid produced by bacteria are measured. Increased acid production suggests a higher risk of dental caries.
3. **pH Monitoring:** This test measures the acidity or alkalinity (pH level) of the saliva or plaque in the mouth. A lower pH level indicates increased acidity, which can lead to tooth decay.
4. **Dye Tests:** These tests use a special dye that stains active carious lesions on the tooth surface. The stained areas are then easily visible and can be evaluated for treatment.
5. **Transillumination Test:** A bright light is shone through the tooth to reveal any cracks, fractures, or areas of decay. This test helps identify early stages of dental caries that may not yet be visible during a routine dental examination.
6. **Laser Fluorescence Tests:** These tests use a handheld device that emits a laser beam to detect and quantify the presence of bacterial biofilm or dental plaque on the tooth surface. Increased fluorescence suggests a higher risk of dental caries.

It is important to note that these tests should be used as part of a comprehensive dental examination and not as standalone diagnostic tools. A dentist's clinical judgment, in conjunction with these tests, will help determine the best course of treatment for each individual patient.

I'm not able to directly access real-time medical databases or search functions, but I can provide you with some information on the topic.

Bone demineralization is a process often associated with various medical and scientific techniques. It generally refers to the reduction of mineral content in bones, which can occur due to certain medical conditions, aging, or as part of laboratory procedures.

A bone demineralization technique in a laboratory setting typically involves the use of chemical solutions to remove minerals, mainly calcium and phosphate, from bone samples. This process is often used in research and scientific studies to isolate the organic matrix of bones, allowing for the study of its properties and components, such as collagen.

The demineralization process usually involves soaking bone specimens in a weak acid solution, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or acetic acid, for several days to weeks, depending on the size and density of the bones. The procedure must be carefully controlled to avoid damaging the organic matrix while ensuring complete demineralization.

Keep in mind that this is a simplified explanation, and specific techniques and protocols may vary based on the research question and bone type being studied.

Topical fluorides are a form of fluoride that are applied directly to the teeth to prevent dental caries (cavities). They are available in various forms such as toothpastes, gels, foams, and varnishes. Topical fluorides work by strengthening the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth. They can also help to reverse early signs of decay. Regular use of topical fluorides, especially in children during the years of tooth development, can provide significant protection against dental caries.

Dentin is the hard, calcified tissue that lies beneath the enamel and cementum of a tooth. It forms the majority of the tooth's structure and is composed primarily of mineral salts (hydroxyapatite), collagenous proteins, and water. Dentin has a tubular structure, with microscopic channels called dentinal tubules that radiate outward from the pulp chamber (the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels) to the exterior of the tooth. These tubules contain fluid and nerve endings that are responsible for the tooth's sensitivity to various stimuli such as temperature changes, pressure, or decay. Dentin plays a crucial role in protecting the dental pulp while also providing support and structure to the overlying enamel and cementum.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, refers to the damage or breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to the activity of acid-producing bacteria. These bacteria ferment sugars from food and drinks, producing acids that dissolve and weaken the tooth structure, leading to cavities.

The process of dental caries development involves several stages:

1. Demineralization: The acidic environment created by bacterial activity causes minerals (calcium and phosphate) to be lost from the tooth surface, making it weaker and more susceptible to decay.
2. Formation of a white spot lesion: As demineralization progresses, a chalky white area appears on the tooth surface, indicating early caries development.
3. Cavity formation: If left untreated, the demineralization process continues, leading to the breakdown and loss of tooth structure, resulting in a cavity or hole in the tooth.
4. Infection and pulp involvement: As the decay progresses deeper into the tooth, it can reach the dental pulp (the soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels), causing infection, inflammation, and potentially leading to toothache, abscess, or even tooth loss.

Preventing dental caries involves maintaining good oral hygiene, reducing sugar intake, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and having regular dental check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent further progression and more severe complications.

A deciduous tooth, also known as a baby tooth or primary tooth, is a type of temporary tooth that humans and some other mammals develop during childhood. They are called "deciduous" because they are eventually shed and replaced by permanent teeth, much like how leaves on a deciduous tree fall off and are replaced by new growth.

Deciduous teeth begin to form in the womb and start to erupt through the gums when a child is around six months old. By the time a child reaches age three, they typically have a full set of 20 deciduous teeth, including incisors, canines, and molars. These teeth are smaller and less durable than permanent teeth, but they serve important functions such as helping children chew food properly, speak clearly, and maintain space in the jaw for the permanent teeth to grow into.

Deciduous teeth usually begin to fall out around age six or seven, starting with the lower central incisors. This process continues until all of the deciduous teeth have been shed, typically by age 12 or 13. At this point, the permanent teeth will have grown in and taken their place, with the exception of the wisdom teeth, which may not erupt until later in adolescence or early adulthood.

Tooth erosion is defined as the progressive, irreversible loss of dental hard tissue, primarily caused by chemical dissolution from acids, rather than mechanical forces such as abrasion or attrition. These acids can originate from extrinsic sources like acidic foods and beverages, or intrinsic sources like gastric reflux or vomiting. The erosion process leads to a reduction in tooth structure, altering the shape and function of teeth, and potentially causing sensitivity, pain, and aesthetical concerns. Early detection and management of tooth erosion are crucial to prevent further progression and preserve dental health.

Root caries is a type of dental decay that occurs on the root surface of teeth, which is typically exposed due to gingival recession or periodontal disease. These caries lesions often progress rapidly because the root surface lacks the protective enamel layer and has more porous cementum that is susceptible to acid dissolution. Root caries are most commonly found in older adults, but can also occur in younger individuals with poor oral hygiene or who have orthodontic appliances or crowns that expose root surfaces. If left untreated, root caries can lead to tooth sensitivity, pain, infection, and even tooth loss.

A tooth root is the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jawbone and cannot be seen when looking at a person's smile. It is the lower portion of a tooth that typically has a conical shape and anchors the tooth to the jawbone through a periodontal ligament. The tooth root is covered by cementum, a specialized bone-like tissue, and contains nerve endings and blood vessels within its pulp chamber.

The number of roots in a tooth can vary depending on the type of tooth. For example, incisors typically have one root, canines may have one or two roots, premolars usually have one or two roots, and molars often have two to four roots. The primary function of the tooth root is to provide stability and support for the crown of the tooth, allowing it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing.

Dental enamel solubility refers to the degree to which the mineral crystals that make up dental enamel can be dissolved or eroded by acidic substances. Dental enamel is the hard, outermost layer of a tooth that helps protect it from damage. It is primarily made up of minerals, including hydroxyapatite, which can dissolve in an acidic environment.

When the pH in the mouth drops below 5.5, the oral environment becomes acidic and dental enamel begins to demineralize or lose its mineral content. This process is known as dental caries or tooth decay. Over time, if left untreated, dental caries can lead to cavities, tooth sensitivity, and even tooth loss.

Certain factors can increase the solubility of dental enamel, including a diet high in sugar and starch, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of certain bacteria in the mouth that produce acid as a byproduct of their metabolism. On the other hand, fluoride exposure can help to reduce dental enamel solubility by promoting remineralization and making the enamel more resistant to acid attack.

Cariogenic agents are substances that contribute to the development of dental caries, or tooth decay. The primary culprit is typically oral bacteria, especially mutans streptococci, which metabolize sugars and produce acid as a byproduct. This acid can erode the enamel of teeth, leading to cavities. Other factors, such as certain dietary habits (e.g., frequent consumption of sugary or starchy foods) and poor oral hygiene, can also contribute to the cariogenic process.

Fluorides are ionic compounds that contain the fluoride anion (F-). In the context of dental and public health, fluorides are commonly used in preventive measures to help reduce tooth decay. They can be found in various forms such as sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and calcium fluoride. When these compounds come into contact with saliva, they release fluoride ions that can be absorbed by tooth enamel. This process helps to strengthen the enamel and make it more resistant to acid attacks caused by bacteria in the mouth, which can lead to dental caries or cavities. Fluorides can be topically applied through products like toothpaste, mouth rinses, and fluoride varnishes, or systemically ingested through fluoridated water, salt, or supplements.

Tooth loss is the condition or process characterized by the disappearance or absence of one or more teeth from their normal position in the dental arch. This can occur due to various reasons such as tooth decay, periodontal disease (gum disease), injury, or aging. The consequences of tooth loss include difficulties in chewing, speaking, and adversely affecting the aesthetics of a person's smile, which may lead to psychological impacts. Additionally, it can cause shifting of adjacent teeth, bone resorption, and changes in the bite, potentially leading to further dental issues if not treated promptly.

A tooth germ is a small cluster of cells that eventually develop into a tooth. It contains the dental papilla, which will become the dentin and pulp of the tooth, and the dental follicle, which will form the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The tooth germ starts as an epithelial thickening called the dental lamina, which then forms a bud, cap, and bell stage before calcification occurs and the tooth begins to erupt through the gums. It is during the bell stage that the enamel organ, which will form the enamel of the tooth, is formed.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "toothpastes" is the plural form of "toothpaste," which is not a medical condition or procedure that requires a definition. However, I can provide you with some information about toothpaste.

Toothpaste is a dental hygiene product used to clean and maintain the health of teeth and gums. It generally contains mild abrasives, flavoring, and fluoride to help remove plaque, prevent tooth decay, and freshen breath. There are various types of toothpastes available on the market, including those formulated for sensitive teeth, whitening, gum health, and tartar control. It is essential to choose a toothpaste that meets your specific dental needs and has the American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance, ensuring its safety and effectiveness.

APF, or Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride, is a dental product that contains fluoride ion in the form of sodium fluoride. It is used as a topical agent to prevent tooth decay by promoting remineralization and inhibiting demineralization of tooth enamel. The acidulated phosphate component helps to maintain a stable pH level and enhance fluoride absorption. It is typically applied in a dental office as a part of professional dental care.

A tooth crown is a type of dental restoration that covers the entire visible portion of a tooth, restoring its shape, size, and strength. It is typically made of materials like porcelain, ceramic, or metal alloys and is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth. The tooth crown is cemented in place and becomes the new outer surface of the tooth, protecting it from further damage or decay.

The process of getting a tooth crown usually involves two dental appointments. During the first appointment, the dentist prepares the tooth by removing any decay or damaged tissue and shaping the tooth to accommodate the crown. An impression is then taken of the prepared tooth and sent to a dental laboratory where the crown is fabricated. In the meantime, a temporary crown is placed over the prepared tooth to protect it until the permanent crown is ready. At the second appointment, the temporary crown is removed, and the permanent crown is cemented in place.

Tooth crowns are often recommended for several reasons, including:

* To restore a broken or fractured tooth
* To protect a weakened tooth from further damage or decay
* To support a large filling when there isn't enough natural tooth structure left
* To cover a dental implant
* To improve the appearance of a discolored or misshapen tooth

Overall, a tooth crown is an effective and long-lasting solution for restoring damaged or decayed teeth and improving oral health.

Polarized light microscopy is a type of microscopy that uses polarized light to enhance contrast and reveal unique optical properties in specimens. In this technique, a polarizing filter is placed under the light source, which polarizes the light as it passes through. The specimen is then illuminated with this linearly polarized light. As the light travels through the specimen, its plane of polarization may be altered due to birefringence, a property of certain materials that causes the light to split into two separate rays with different refractive indices.

A second polarizing filter, called an analyzer, is placed in the light path between the objective and the eyepiece. The orientation of this filter can be adjusted to either allow or block the transmission of light through the microscope. When the polarizer and analyzer are aligned perpendicularly, no light will pass through if the specimen does not exhibit birefringence. However, if the specimen has birefringent properties, it will cause the plane of polarization to rotate, allowing some light to pass through the analyzer and create a contrasting image.

Polarized light microscopy is particularly useful for observing structures in minerals, crystals, and certain biological materials like collagen fibers, muscle proteins, and starch granules. It can also be used to study stress patterns in plastics and other synthetic materials.

Dentifrices are substances used in dental care for cleaning and polishing the teeth, and often include toothpastes, tooth powders, and gels. They typically contain a variety of ingredients such as abrasives, fluorides, humectants, detergents, flavorings, and sometimes medicaments like antimicrobial agents or desensitizing compounds. The primary purpose of dentifrices is to help remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains from the teeth, promoting oral hygiene and preventing dental diseases such as caries (cavities) and periodontal disease.

Dental digital radiography is a type of medical imaging that uses digital sensors instead of traditional X-ray film to produce highly detailed images of the teeth, gums, and surrounding structures. This technology offers several advantages over conventional dental radiography, including:

1. Lower radiation exposure: Digital sensors require less radiation to produce an image compared to traditional film, making it a safer option for patients.
2. Instant results: The images captured by digital sensors are immediately displayed on a computer screen, allowing dentists to quickly assess the patient's oral health and discuss any findings with them during the appointment.
3. Improved image quality: Digital radiography produces clearer and more precise images compared to traditional film, enabling dentists to better detect issues such as cavities, fractures, or tumors.
4. Enhanced communication: The ability to easily manipulate and enhance digital images allows for better communication between dental professionals and improved patient education.
5. Environmentally friendly: Digital radiography eliminates the need for chemical processing and disposal of used film, making it a more environmentally conscious choice.
6. Easy storage and retrieval: Digital images can be stored electronically and accessed easily for future reference or consultation with other dental professionals.
7. Remote consultations: Digital images can be shared remotely with specialists or insurance companies, facilitating faster diagnoses and treatment planning.

Dental photography is a type of clinical photography that focuses on documenting the condition and treatment of teeth and oral structures. It involves using specialized cameras, lenses, and lighting to capture high-quality images of the mouth and related areas. These images can be used for diagnostic purposes, patient education, treatment planning, communication with other dental professionals, and monitoring progress over time. Dental photography may include various types of shots, such as extraoral (outside the mouth) and intraoral (inside the mouth) views, close-ups of individual teeth or restorations, and full-face portraits. It requires a strong understanding of dental anatomy, lighting techniques, and image composition to produce accurate and informative images.

In the context of medical terminology, "hardness" is not a term that has a specific or standardized definition. It may be used in various ways to describe the firmness or consistency of a tissue, such as the hardness of an artery or tumor, but it does not have a single authoritative medical definition.

In some cases, healthcare professionals may use subjective terms like "hard," "firm," or "soft" to describe their tactile perception during a physical examination. For example, they might describe the hardness of an enlarged liver or spleen by comparing it to the feel of their knuckles when gently pressed against the abdomen.

However, in other contexts, healthcare professionals may use more objective measures of tissue stiffness or elasticity, such as palpation durometry or shear wave elastography, which provide quantitative assessments of tissue hardness. These techniques can be useful for diagnosing and monitoring conditions that affect the mechanical properties of tissues, such as liver fibrosis or cancer.

Therefore, while "hardness" may be a term used in medical contexts to describe certain physical characteristics of tissues, it does not have a single, universally accepted definition.

Tooth eruption is the process by which a tooth emerges from the gums and becomes visible in the oral cavity. It is a normal part of dental development that occurs in a predictable sequence and timeframe. Primary or deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months of age and continue to emerge until approximately 2-3 years of age. Permanent or adult teeth start to erupt around 6 years of age and can continue to emerge until the early twenties.

The process of tooth eruption involves several stages, including the formation of the tooth within the jawbone, the movement of the tooth through the bone and surrounding tissues, and the final emergence of the tooth into the mouth. Proper tooth eruption is essential for normal oral function, including chewing, speaking, and smiling. Any abnormalities in the tooth eruption process, such as delayed or premature eruption, can indicate underlying dental or medical conditions that require further evaluation and treatment.

In the context of dentistry, a molar is a type of tooth found in the back of the mouth. They are larger and wider than other types of teeth, such as incisors or canines, and have a flat biting surface with multiple cusps. Molars are primarily used for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow. Humans typically have twelve molars in total, including the four wisdom teeth.

In medical terminology outside of dentistry, "molar" can also refer to a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system of measurement, which is equivalent to 4.08 grams. However, this usage is less common and not related to dental or medical anatomy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Neodymium" is not a medical term. It is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. Neodymium is a rare-earth metal that has been used in various industrial and technological applications, such as magnets, lasers, and glass coloration. It is not directly related to medical terminology or healthcare.

Erbium is a chemical element with the symbol "Er" and atomic number 68. It is a rare earth element that belongs to the lanthanide series in the periodic table. Erbium is not naturally found in its pure form, but it is typically extracted from minerals such as xenotime and bastnasite.

In medical terms, erbium is used in the form of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers for various surgical procedures. These lasers emit light at a wavelength of 2940 nanometers, which is highly absorbed by water and therefore ideal for cutting and coagulating tissue with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissues. Erbium lasers are commonly used in dermatology and ophthalmology for procedures such as skin resurfacing, removal of tattoos and birthmarks, and cataract surgery.

Dental devices for home care are products designed for use by individuals or their caregivers in a home setting to maintain oral hygiene, manage dental health issues, and promote overall oral health. These devices can include:

1. Toothbrushes: Manual, electric, or battery-operated toothbrushes used to clean teeth and remove plaque and food debris.
2. Dental floss: A thin string used to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
3. Interdental brushes: Small brushes designed to clean between the teeth and around dental appliances, such as braces or implants.
4. Water flossers/oral irrigators: Devices that use a stream of water to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
5. Tongue scrapers: Tools used to clean the tongue's surface, removing bacteria and reducing bad breath.
6. Rubber tips/gum stimulators: Devices used to massage and stimulate the gums, promoting blood circulation and helping to maintain gum health.
7. Dental picks/sticks: Pointed tools used to remove food particles and plaque from between the teeth and under the gum line.
8. Mouthguards: Protective devices worn over the teeth to prevent damage from grinding, clenching, or sports-related injuries.
9. Night guards: Similar to mouthguards, these are designed to protect the teeth from damage caused by nighttime teeth grinding (bruxism).
10. Dental retainers: Devices used to maintain the alignment of teeth after orthodontic treatment.
11. Whitening trays and strips: At-home products used to whiten teeth by applying a bleaching agent to the tooth surface.
12. Fluoride mouth rinses: Anticavity rinses containing fluoride, which help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.
13. Oral pain relievers: Topical gels or creams used to alleviate oral pain, such as canker sores or denture irritation.

Proper use of these dental devices, along with regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings, can help maintain good oral health and prevent dental issues.

Demineralization (physiology) Bone demineralisation leading to osteoporosis; see Bone mineralization Tooth demineralisation ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Demineralisation. If an internal link led you here, you may ... that leads to dental caries; see Remineralisation of teeth Demineralizing (silk worm cocoon) Deionization Desalination ...
... is the main mineral component of enamel in teeth. During demineralisation, calcium and phosphorus ions are drawn ... They aid in the repair and remineralisation of the enamel, thus helping to prevent tooth sensitivity. Tooth enamel can become ... "Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone". International Journal of Nanomedicine. 11: 4743-63. doi:10.2147/ ... Hypersensitivity of teeth is thought to be regulated by fluid within dentinal tubules. The movement of this fluid as a result ...
An increase in acidity at the tooth surface can induce demineralization and softening, therefore leaving the tooth structure ... Abrasion is the non-carious, mechanical wear of tooth from interaction with objects other than tooth-tooth contact. It most ... Another factor that can contribute to abrasive loss of tooth structure is the alteration of pH levels at the tooth surface. ... "Clinical measurement of tooth wear: Tooth wear indices". Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 4 (1): e48-53. doi: ...
2016). "Demineralization-remineralization dynamics in teeth and bone". International Journal of Nanomedicine. 11: 4743-4763. ... Hydroxyapatite is the main mineral component of enamel in teeth. During demineralisation, calcium and phosphorus ions are drawn ... Iron is stored in close proximity to magnetite-coated chiton teeth, so that the teeth can be renewed as they wear. Not only is ... Similarly, HA is 70 to 80% of the mass of dentin and enamel in teeth. In enamel, the matrix for HA is formed by amelogenins and ...
... such as bone demineralization, of teeth. Demineralization can lead to serious diseases such as osteoporosis or tooth decay. ... Demineralization - it is the opposite process of mineralization, a process to reduce the content of mineral substances in ...
... also serves as an antimicrobial agent to reduce demineralization by inhibiting the growth of tooth-erupting ... This mechanism helps decelerate the rate of teeth demineralization. The daily use of fluoride-containing toothpaste is ... resulting in increased brittleness of teeth. In severe dental fluorosis, brown or yellow staining may appear on teeth. Children ... Fluoride has a high tendency to react with the calcium hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in tooth enamel due to its high affinity ...
This process, known as "demineralisation", leads to tooth destruction. Saliva gradually neutralises the acids, which causes the ... "primary teeth", "baby teeth", or "milk teeth", normally eventually contains 20 teeth. Primary teeth typically start to appear ... The tooth bud (sometimes called the tooth germ) is an aggregation of cells that eventually forms a tooth. It is organized into ... Tooth eruption in humans is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. Current ...
Saliva acts as a buffer and helps to prevent demineralization of teeth. Oral candidiasis - A loss of the antimicrobial actions ... Lipstick or food may stick to the teeth. A need to sip drinks frequently while talking or eating. Dry, sore, and cracked lips ... It may affect tooth surfaces that are normally spared, e.g., cervical caries and root surface caries. This is often seen in ... tooth decay becomes a common feature and may progress much more aggressively than it would otherwise ("rampant caries"). ...
Fluoride increases resistance to the "demineralization of tooth enamel during attack by acidic bacteria". While essential for ... Fluoride incorporates into the teeth to form and harden teeth enamels. This makes the teeth more acid resistant, as well as ... when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay. Fluoride salts, particularly sodium ... "Nutritional Factors in Tooth Development". ADHA. Retrieved 2008-12-30. "Effect of Inorganic Fluoride on Living Organisms of ...
The early carious lesion is characterized by demineralization of the tooth surface, altering the tooth's optical properties. ... The teeth most likely affected are the maxillary anterior teeth, but all teeth can be affected. The name for this type of ... In both cases, teeth may be left more vulnerable to decay because the enamel is not able to protect the tooth. In most people, ... If left in contact with the tooth, these acids may cause demineralization, which is the dissolution of its mineral content. The ...
Fluoride exerts its major effect by interfering with the demineralization mechanism of tooth decay. Tooth decay is an ... in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay, though ... Once a cavity occurs, the tooth's fate is that of repeated restorations, with estimates for the median life of an amalgam tooth ... the main component of tooth enamel, in a process known as demineralization. After the sugar is gone, some of the mineral loss ...
In addition, they contain citric acid, which is known to contribute to tooth demineralization. Dentyne Sweney, Mark (2007-02-12 ... As a result, Sugar-Free Trident was introduced in 1964 with the slogan "The Great Taste that Is Good for Your Teeth." American ... Trident gum contains the sugar alcohol xylitol, which is known as a "tooth-friendly" sugar. Use of the chemical has been ... Sterrett, J. D.; Bankey, T.; Murphy, H. J. (1993). "Dentin demineralization. The effects of citric acid concentration and ...
When he began he was surprised to learn that the cause of tooth decay was tacitly assumed to be acidity in the mouth, without ... The theory emphasized biochemical reactions over acid demineralization. According to the theory, caries develop as bacteria ... But his experiments showed that tooth decay occurs regardless of acidity or alkalinity. in 1962, he and his uncle offered a new ... Since 1945, the US has advocated water fluoridation to prevent tooth decay. Supported by his uncle Martin, Schatz investigated ...
Maintenance of tooth integrity: Demineralization occurs when enamel disintegrates due to the presence of acid. When this occurs ... Pellicle formation: Saliva forms a pellicle on the surface of the tooth to prevent wearing. The film contains mucins and ... Saliva can then begin to promote the remineralization of the tooth by strengthening the enamel with calcium and phosphate ... "6 Ways Saliva Protects Your Teeth". Sunningdale Dental News & Views. 2012-07-17. Retrieved 25 February 2018. Taylor, John. " ...
Thus, continuous small amounts of fluoride surrounding the teeth reduces demineralization of the tooth tissues. A study by Chau ... The acid produced from this metabolism results in the breakdown of tooth enamel and subsequent inner structures of the tooth, ... or the tooth roots, though cermets can be incorporated at other sites on various teeth, depending on the function required. ... which is applied to the tooth surface for 30 seconds before it is washed off. The tooth is then dried to ensure the surface is ...
... newly erupted teeth, tooth decalcification, hypo-calcification, hypoplasia, demineralization, rampant caries. Areas with ... Tooth polishing procedures are done to smooth the surfaces of teeth and restorations. The purpose of polishing is to remove ... Tooth polishing should also be avoided in the case of allergies and communicable diseases. Tooth scaling Scaling is a process ... This suggests that tooth polishing should be based on the clients individual needs. Previously, tooth polishing was a service ...
Dental caries (tooth decay) begins as an opaque white spot on the surface of the enamel. As demineralization progresses, the ... teeth tend to be darker. Baby teeth (deciduous teeth) are generally whiter than the adult teeth that follow, again due to ... Dentin forms the bulk of the tooth substance, and contributes most to the overall tooth color. At the core of the tooth is soft ... Tooth discoloration is abnormal tooth color, hue or translucency. External discoloration is accumulation of stains on the tooth ...
This chemical reaction inhibits demineralisation and can promote remineralisation of tooth decay. The resulting fluoride- ... The fluoride in stannous fluoride helps to convert the calcium mineral apatite in teeth into fluorapatite, which makes tooth ... The calcium present in plaque and saliva reacts with fluoride to form calcium fluoride on the tooth surface; over time, this ... Stannous fluoride was introduced as an alternative to sodium fluoride for the prevention of cavities (tooth decay). It was ...
Because enamel is vulnerable to demineralization, prevention of tooth decay is the best way to maintain the health of teeth. ... Tooth cavities are caused when acids dissolve tooth enamel: Enamel is also lost through tooth wear and enamel fractures. Ca10( ... Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching procedures attempt to lighten a tooth's color in either of two ways: by chemical or ... However, a tooth whitening product with an overall low pH can put enamel at risk for decay or destruction by demineralization. ...
Tooth decay is, however, easily prevented by reducing acid demineralisation caused by the remaining dental plaque left on teeth ... The sealants make brushing more effective and prevent acid demineralisation and tooth decay. A diet low in fermentable ... Fluoride has the ability to interfere with the demineralisation and remineralisation process that occurs on the tooth surface ... Even with fluoridation and oral hygiene, tooth decay is still the most common diet-related disease affecting many people. Tooth ...
Plaque formation in teeth can create a local acidic environment that results in tooth decay through demineralization. Enzymes ...
This diminishes the strength of the tooth and is called demineralisation. For the outer layer of the tooth (enamel) to reach ... This may be less of a problem in baby teeth, which will be lost as the child ages, than for permanent teeth. Even so, because ... This is used in cases where the teeth are being maintained in the mouth to maintain space for the future teeth to come through ... On eruption of the first primary tooth in a child, tooth brushing and cleaning should be performed by an adult. This is ...
When teeth begin to decay from the acid produced by sugar-consuming bacteria, calcium is lost (demineralization). However, ... Current thinking is that fluoride prevents cavities primarily by helping teeth that are in the very early stages of tooth decay ... that fluoride reduces tooth decay. Initially, researchers hypothesized that fluoride helped by converting tooth enamel from the ... Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply in an effort to reduce tooth decay in people ...
The buffer effect of saliva is also important, neutralising acids that cause tooth enamel demineralisation. The following are ... but are not ideal as they cause demineralisation of tooth enamel. A tincture is prepared from the root of the pyrethrium ( ... The root powder was used as flavouring in tooth powders in the past. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) Blue flag (Iris ...
Prolonged dental plaque accumulation on the tooth surface can lead to enamel demineralisation and formation of white spot ... Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the color of human teeth. Whitening is often desirable when ... "Teeth Whitening". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-03-03. Greenwall, Linda (2017-04-11), "Tooth Sensitivity Associated with Tooth ... tooth whitening can occur within three days and lighten teeth by one or two shades. This type of tooth whitening is available ...
Acidic food and drink lowers the pH level of the mouth resulting in demineralisation of the teeth. A variety of drinks ... As tooth substance around restorations erodes away, fillings may also appear to be rising out of the tooth. The teeth may form ... This is a tooth-coloured filling material commonly used to restore decayed teeth. Moderate degree of damage at upper from teeth ... Teeth will begin to appear with a broad rounded concavity, and the gaps between teeth will become larger. There can be evidence ...
The diffusion of ions out of the tooth, known as the demineralisation process, will result in loss of mineral content. The ... Similar to the size of a dental mirror IOCs have a tiny camera that is able to detect more on the 3D surface of a tooth than a ... Traditionally dentists will use a physical shade guide in the dental surgery as they compare the patient's teeth to the shades ... Changes in enamel fluorescence can be detected and measured when the tooth is illuminated by violet-blue light from a camera ...
Mineralised archaeological remains such as bones, teeth, shells, dental calculi and ceramics require an extra demineralisation ... Teeth. Tooth enamel is one of the hardest and most mineralised tissues in the human body, since it is mainly composed of ... Like tooth enamel, They are more or less close systems that isolate proteins from water or other forces of degradation. ... After demineralisation, protein solubilisation, alkylation and reduction, buffer exchange is needed to ensure that extracts are ...
The fluoride ions reduce the rate of tooth enamel demineralization and increase the rate of remineralization of teeth at the ... Fluorapatite is not a natural component of human teeth, although it is found in the teeth of sharks. The main mineral found in ... The reason for this is to allow the teeth to absorb the fluoride into the tooth structure when it is at its highest ... The ingestion of fluoride as primary teeth are being developed has shown that the teeth have formed stronger and more resistant ...
... the demineralization process begins. When acidogenic and aciduric bacteria predominate the oral flora, there is an increased ... Teeth cleaning is part of oral hygiene and involves the removal of dental plaque from teeth with the intention of preventing ... In addition to brushing, cleaning between teeth may help to prevent build-up of plaque bacteria on the teeth. This may be done ... Professional cleaning includes tooth scaling, tooth polishing, and debridement if too much tartar has accumulated. This ...
How to Get Rid of White Spots on Teeth: Causes & Home Remedies How to Get Rid of White Spots on Teeth: Causes & Home Remedies ... White spots on teeth are calcium deposits at the center of the tooth. The appearance of such marks can be of any shape. People ... who are wearing braces have circular white spots on tooth after braces are removed. Every age group can have these spots from ...
Demineralization (physiology) Bone demineralisation leading to osteoporosis; see Bone mineralization Tooth demineralisation ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Demineralisation. If an internal link led you here, you may ... that leads to dental caries; see Remineralisation of teeth Demineralizing (silk worm cocoon) Deionization Desalination ...
... from enamel demineralization to dentin decay. The Spectra is a promising technology for the diagnosis and for monitoring the ... dentin caries had significantly higher Spectra readings than intact teeth or teeth with superficial enamel demineralization. ... Results: Teeth lacking radiographic caries had a mean Spectra reading of 1.5. Teeth having radiographic caries had a mean ... The teeth were then sectioned and assigned a histological score based on the extension of caries into enamel or dentin. ...
Enamel demineralization model in primary teeth: Micro-CT and SEM assessments of artificial incipient lesion.. González-Sotelo, ... Many studies have analyzed different tooth demineralization models, which generate artificial incipient lesions; however, most ... Micro-CT and SEM were performed during two stages before demineralization (BD) and after demineralization (AD). A t-student ... SEM characterization revealed more pronounced changes on the enamel surface, as the days of immersion in the demineralization ...
Tooth decay. *Cracks. *Demineralization. *Receding gums. *Tartar. Organic oral drops formulated optimally with 5 different ... teeth and breath. *Additional support on plaque and tartar with the association of OLLOPETSTM Dental Spray.* ...
Tooth Demineralization ... View other providers who treat Tooth Abnormalities as Seen in ...
... outcome of dental caries is determined by the dynamic balance between pathological factors that lead to demineralization and ... which can induce demineralization of the tooth (removal of minerals from the tooths enamel, dentin, and cementum) [7][8][9]. ... when bacterial acid The tooth cavitation process can be initiated either in the crown portion of the tooth or in the tooths ... If demineralization continues, a cavity eventually occurs in whatever. form and in whatever position on the teeth in the mouth ...
Tooth Abrasion. *Tooth Abscess. *Tooth Attrition. *Tooth Decay. *Tooth Demineralization. *Tooth Discoloration ...
Tooth Demineralization. *Tooth Discoloration. *Tooth Loss. *Toothache. *Dental Implant. *PerioLase® Laser Assisted New ... I went to Dr Kim to help repair a tooth that was chipped from eating a fig bought at a store that had a rock in it. The store ... to pay for the damages upon receipt of a dental exam proving that I chipped the tooth with an opinion that the chipped tooth ...
Tooth sensitivity is a common issue with many possible causes. Learn about those, as well as temporary and permanent treatments ... 10 Ways to Remineralize Your Teeth and Stop Demineralization. Medically reviewed by Christine Frank, DDS ... Tooth sensitivity triggered by heat or cold tends to occur when a tooths outer protective layer, the enamel, has worn down. ... Most tooth chipping is minor and causes no discomfort, but more significant breakage can lead to pain. When a tooth chips, ...
They only appear on incisors, which are the four front teeth in each jaw. ... Mamelons are the rounded humps on the edge of teeth. ... 10 Ways to Remineralize Your Teeth and Stop Demineralization. ... Deciduous teeth - also called baby teeth, milk teeth, or primary teeth - start developing during the embryonic stage and come ... In dentistry, a mamelon is a rounded bump on the edge of a tooth. Its made of enamel, like the rest of the tooths outer ...
Advertisements have flooded the dental market recently with products that claim to remineralize teeth. But are these items ... According to the Cleveland Clinic, the enamel layers on your teeth add and lose minerals daily. Demineralization happens when ... While fluoride toothpaste can aid in remineralizing your teeth, your saliva plays a crucial role in preventing demineralization ... What is the Mineralization of Teeth?. Before discussing methods for remineralizing teeth, its essential to understand the ...
Categories: Tooth Demineralization Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Learn about Surfaces at Risk for Caries from An Update on Demineralization/Remineralization dental CE course & enrich your ... These can result in exposure of a tooth surface that has previously not been at risk. ... The concepts of demineralization and remineralization are not new. A study from Backer-Dirks,18 for example, was done in 1966, ... A human, intraoral, demineralization/remineralization model was used to evaluate various between-meal snack foods. The study ...
Metal braces aid the alignment of crowded or crooked teeth. Read on for the benefits and drawbacks of this type of brace, as ... Demineralization occurs when there is a reduction in the hard minerals on the tooths surface. ... People often use teeth straightening retainers after having braces to keep their teeth in place. Learn more about teeth ... The braces apply pressure on the teeth to move and realign. An orthodontist may also tighten the wire to move the teeth and jaw ...
Validation of New Technologies for Clinical Assessment of Tooth Surface Demineralization. (RFA-DE-06-008). National Institute ...
The acid can cause demineralization of the tooth enamel which can lead to cavities. "Soda is to teeth what smoking is to lungs ... Your teeth are designed to last you a lifetime, with proper care they can! 5. Basic care of teeth includes brushing your teeth ... 9. Demonstrate the proper way to brush and floss teeth by using the model of teeth and the toothbrush. Label the teeth on the ... Brushing your teeth helps to remove bacteria and plaque from your teeth, gums, and mouth. 6. Flossing is just as important as ...
... resulting in tooth demineralization. The demineralization/remineralization cycle needs to be in equilibrium; loss of mineral ... 6 The tooth is most susceptible to demineralization and white spot production during the period of lowered pH. The need for ... A mechanical cleansing effect on the teeth adds to the anticaries effect of sugarless gum. Food is cleared from the oral cavity ... Since saliva aids in mechanically removing food debris and bacteria from the oral cavity and teeth, a diminished saliva flow ...
Salivary proteins protect teeth against acid-induced softening and demineralization by forming a pellicle. However, little is ... In vitro Study of Enamel Erosion Caused by Soft Drinks and Lemon Juice in Deciduous Teeth Analysed by Stereomicroscopy and ...
In group III a significant remineralisation was noticed in after 1 year and then a demineralisation after 2 years. ... therapy exert some capacities to remineralize approximal enamel and dentine subsurface lesions of premolar and molar teeth. ... Patients (n = 92, age 20-30 years) with initial approximal enamel lesions on premolar and molar teeth (n = 546) were randomly ... The exclusion criteria were: the distal surface of the last tooth in arch, overlapping teeth, fillings on approximal surfaces ...
It is one of those essential minerals that help in balancing the bodys acidity level by preventing demineralization of tooth ... In fact, the teeth and the jawbone are interdependent. The jawbone also receives stimulation from the teeth through chewing and ... It is responsible for maintaining teeth, gum, and jaw health. The lack of phosphorous in the body may result in chipped teeth ... These, in turn, destroy the outer layer of the teeth called enamel resulting in tooth decay and other gum diseases. Calcium can ...
If the teeth are not brushed regularly, dental plaques accumulate, which can cause demineralization of the teeth. This is ... The dentin of a tooth gets broken down and consequently, teeth are loosened over time. Swelling of the gums and irritation of ... This is caused by bacterial infection, which causes tooth decay. The pulp dies when the tooth decay spreads to it, emitting a ... Brushing should be inculcated in them from the time they start having milk teeth. Even milk teeth should be rubbed softly with ...
Are you compelled to polish every tooth? Dental researchers advise a re-evaluation of methods, materials, and modalities. ... Newly erupted teeth. *Areas of demineralization. *To remove heavy plaque. *Inflamed pockets or sulci ... Their teeth feel clean. Their teeth feel clean. Hygienists have major occupational physical distress, including back pain, ... Then she polishes the selected teeth quickly and lightly using soft cups and minimal contact with the teeth using far less than ...
Prevention of enamel demineralization after tooth bleaching by bioactive glass incorporated into toothpaste. Aust Dent J 2011 ... Tooth whitening: tooth color changes following treatment by peroxide and light. J Clin Dent 2005;16(3):78-82. ... Separate contribution of enamel and dentin to overall tooth colour change in tooth bleaching. J Dent 2011 Nov;39(11):739-745. ... Tooth whitening with hydrogen/carbamide peroxides in association with a CPP-ACP paste at different proportions. Aust Dent J ...
... regular use of fluoride can reduce the incidence of tooth structure demineralization. Fluoride can make tooth enamel more ... These sealants form a mechanical barrier on the teeth which ensures that biofilms do not develop over teeth. These sealants ... SDF can be applied to teeth without the need for a dental drilling procedure. It is a cost-effective option. However, SDF does ... Cavities are commonly referred to as dental caries or tooth decay.. Risk factors and causes. Dental cavities are the most ...
The remaining 25 teeth were immersed for 30 min in 1% citric acid for demineralization. Group II: Five demineralized teeth ( ... Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin such that only their buccal surfaces were exposed and were divided into four groups. Group ... MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 freshly extracted caries free primary anterior teeth were cleaned and stored in 1% thymol ... Surface micro-hardness of all the teeth was measured using Brinell hardness tester (Fuel Instruments and Engineers Pvt. Ltd.). ...
An Automated Digital Microradiography System for Assessing Tooth Demineralization. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2009 Feb 18; 7162 ... and remineralization of the teeth, apatite chemistry, salivary dysfunction, caries (tooth decay) prevention, and laser effects ... Caries inhibition in vital teeth using 9.6-μm CO2-laser irradiation. J Biomed Opt. 2011 Jul; 16(7):071405. Rechmann P, Fried D ... Prevention of enamel demineralization: an in-vitro study using light-cured filled sealant. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 ...
... being taken out of the teeth. The first step of this process is called demineralization. Children with braces tend to get more ... Is my child with braces more susceptible to tooth decay? Yes. Trapped food particles mixed with sugar and bacteria create an ... Between the braces being attached directly to the teeth, and the wires that connect everything, it is nearly impossible to ... To combat these factors, fluoride treatments are available to help remineralize teeth and make them more resistant to the acid. ...

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