A genus (formerly part of Rhus genus) of shrubs, vines, or trees that yields a highly allergenic oleoresin which causes a severe contact dermatitis (DERMATITIS, TOXICODENDRON). The most toxic species are Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), T. diversilobum (poison oak), and T. radicans (poison ivy). T. vernicifera yields a useful varnish from which certain enzymes (laccases) are obtained.
An allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to plants of the genus Toxicodendron (formerly Rhus). These include poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, all plants that contain the substance urushiol, a potent skin sensitizing agent. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of moronic acid purified from Rhus javanica in vitro and in vivo. (1/26)

Rhus javanica, a medicinal herb, has been shown to exhibit oral therapeutic anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity in mice. We purified two major anti-HSV compounds, moronic acid and betulonic acid, from the herbal extract by extraction with ethyl acetate at pH 10 followed by chromatographic separations and examined their anti-HSV activity in vitro and in vivo. Moronic acid was quantitatively a major anti-HSV compound in the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction. The effective concentrations for 50% plaque reduction of moronic acid and betulonic acid for wild-type HSV type 1 (HSV-1) were 3.9 and 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively. The therapeutic index of moronic acid (10.3-16.3) was larger than that of betulonic acid (6.2). Susceptibility of acyclovir-phosphonoacetic acid-resistant HSV-1, thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1, and wild-type HSV type 2 to moronic acid was similar to that of the wild-type HSV-1. When this compound was administered orally to mice infected cutaneously with HSV-1 three times daily, it significantly retarded the development of skin lesions and/or prolonged the mean survival times of infected mice without toxicity compared with the control. Moronic acid suppressed virus yields in the brain more efficiently than those in the skin. This was consistent with the prolongation of mean survival times. Thus, moronic acid was purified as a major anti-HSV compound from the herbal extract of Rhus javanica. Mode of the anti-HSV activity was different from that of ACV. Moronic acid showed oral therapeutic efficacy in HSV-infected mice and possessed novel anti-HSV activity that was consistent with that of the extract.  (+info)

Spectroscopic and kinetic studies on the oxygen-centered radical formed during the four-electron reduction process of dioxygen by Rhus vernicifera laccase. (2/26)

The oxygen-centered radical bound to the trinuclear copper center was detected as an intermediate during the reoxidation process of the reduced Rhus vernicifera laccase with dioxygen and characterized by using absorption, stopped-flow, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and by super conducting quantum interface devices measurement. The intermediate bands appeared at 370 nm (epsilon approximately 1000), 420 nm (sh), and 670 nm (weak) within 15 ms, and were observable for approximately 2 min at pH 7.4 but for less than 5 s at pH 4.2. The first-order rate constant for the decay of the intermediate has been determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy, showing the isotope effect, k(H)/k(D) of 1.4 in D(2)O. The intermediate was found to decay mainly from the protonated form by analyzing pH dependences. The enthalpy and entropy of activation suggested that a considerable structure change takes place around the active site during the decay of the intermediate. The EPR spectra at cryogenic temperatures (<27 K) showed two broad signals with g approximately 1.8 and 1.6 depending on pH. We propose an oxygen-centered radical in magnetic interaction with the oxidized type III copper ions as the structure of the three-electron reduced form of dioxygen.  (+info)

A novel mixed valence form of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its reaction with dioxygen to give a peroxide intermediate bound to the trinuclear center. (3/26)

Rhus vernicifera laccase, in a novel mixed valence state [T1oxT23red: type 1 Cu as Cu(II), and type 2 and 3 Cus as Cu(I)], was formed by reacting Cu(I) on the type 2 Cu-depleted laccase [T1oxT3red: type 1 Cu as Cu(II) and type 3 Cus as Cu(I)] under argon. Contrary to T1oxT3red, T1oxT23red was highly reactive with dioxygen, and gave the three transient bands at 340, 475, and 680 nm due to the two-electron reduced form of dioxygen [charge transfer bands from peroxide to Cu(II)]. The first order decays were highly dependent on pH, which led to the successful detection of the intermediate for ca. 2 h at pH 7.5. Another mixed valence derivative, T12oxT3red [type 1 and type 2 Cus as Cu(II), and type 3 Cus as Cu(I)] prepared through the action of Cu(II) on T1oxT3red was not reactive with dioxygen, but showed high enzyme activity as to the oxidation of N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine. The whole reaction mechanism of the reduction of dioxygen by laccase was proposed based on the present results together with data for the former detection and characterization of the three-electron reduced form of dioxygen [Huang, H. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 46, 32718-32724].  (+info)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II). (4/26)

Anaerobic reactions of Rhus vernicifera laccase and its type-2 copper-depleted derivatives with hexacyanoferrate(II) were investigated by absorption and e.s.r. spectroscopy. When native laccase was treated with excess hexacyanoferrate(II), the type-1 and type-2 coppers were immediately reduced and the e.s.r. signal due to type-3 copper was transiently observed. After incubation, a novel e.s.r. signal (g parallel = 2.31, g perpendicular = 2.08) developed together with the type-1 copper signal. Only the novel e.s.r. signal was left after the sample had been treated with ascorbate. In the corresponding absorption spectrum, a new band was observed at around 490 nm. A similar new e.s.r. signal did not appear for the type-2-copper-depleted (T2D) laccase, in which the type-3 copper had been reduced during the procedure to deplete the type-2 copper. On the other hand, the novel e.s.r. signal emerged when the type-3 copper in T2D laccase had been previously reoxidized with H2O2. The novel e.s.r. signal was not significantly saturated even by 200 mV microwave power at 4 K. Quantitative estimations and a small molecule study for CuII-FeII(CN)6 and CuII-FeIII(CN)6 systems suggested that the novel e.s.r. signal corresponds to some sort of adduct involving the type-3 copper and hexacyanoferrate(II).  (+info)

Nonenzymic spectrophotometric determination of potential poison ivy cross-reactors. (5/26)

I describe an inexpensive, nonenzymic analytical system for prescreening substances that might cross-react as Rhus toxing (e.g., poison ivy, poison oak, and sumac allergens) on human skin. By spectrophotometric assay after incubation with an oxidizing mixture of Cu(II)ammine complex and ammonium persulfate, I could accurately and reproducibly determine o-quinoidal products of several potential synthetic cross-reactors and native poison ivy allergen, and could distinguish these from catecholamines, resorcinol, p-hydroquinone, and a closely related phenol. A good correlation was obtained between this nonenzymic technique and an enzymic assay. This Cu(II)ammine/persulfate oxidative assay, however, is inexpensive and obviates any spectral interference from enzymic proteins.  (+info)

Reductant-dependent electron distribution among redox sites of laccase. (6/26)

Rhus laccase (monophenol monooxygenase, monophenol,dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1) an O2/H2O oxidoreductase containing four copper ions bound to three redox sites (type 1, type 2, and type 3 Cu pair), was titrated anaerobically with several reductants having various chemical and thermodynamic properties. The distribution of electron equivalents among the redox sites was found to be reductant dependent. When the data for titration by various reductants of the type 3 site were plotted against those of the type 1 site according to the Nernst formalism, the slope n varied from 2.0 to 1.0. The redox potential of the reductant's first oxidation step is qualitatively correlated with the value of n and is suggested as the factor that modulates the electron distribution. Such a behavior implies a nonequilibrium situation. A very good simulation of the data was provided by an analysis assuming a formally variable cooperativity between the two type 3 copper ions. This apparent variability is suggested to result from a process whereby sufficiently strong reductants induce a transition of the type 3 site from a cooperative two-electron acceptor to a pair of independent one-electron acceptors. This uncoupled state of the type 3 site is considered metastable. Other possible models were also investigated. Summarizing the available data, we conclude that the two-electron accepting behavior of the 330-nm chromophore is the exception rather than the rule.  (+info)

Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2. (7/26)

Contact with poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the most widely reported ailments at poison centers in the United States, and this plant has been introduced throughout the world, where it occurs with other allergenic members of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae). Approximately 80% of humans develop dermatitis upon exposure to the carbon-based active compound, urushiol. It is not known how poison ivy might respond to increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)), but previous work done in controlled growth chambers shows that other vines exhibit large growth enhancement from elevated CO(2). Rising CO(2) is potentially responsible for the increased vine abundance that is inhibiting forest regeneration and increasing tree mortality around the world. In this 6-year study at the Duke University Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment experiment, we show that elevated atmospheric CO(2) in an intact forest ecosystem increases photosynthesis, water use efficiency, growth, and population biomass of poison ivy. The CO(2) growth stimulation exceeds that of most other woody species. Furthermore, high-CO(2) plants produce a more allergenic form of urushiol. Our results indicate that Toxicodendron taxa will become more abundant and more "toxic" in the future, potentially affecting global forest dynamics and human health.  (+info)

Photoreduction of copper chromophores in blue oxidases. (8/26)

The low temperature (77 K) irradiation of oxidized ceruloplasmin and Rhus vernicifera laccase at the 330 nm absorption which arises from type 3 copper leads to the reduction of type 1 copper as demonstrated by bleaching of the 610 nm chromophore and the decrease of the EPR signal associated with this species. Type 2 copper remains unaffected. Concomitant with the type 1 copper reduction, a new EPR signal which is possibly that of a biradical appears. Upon thawing, type 1 copper is reversibly oxidized and the radical signal disappears. Irradiation of oxidized protein at the absorption band of type 1 copper produces no spectral change. An EPR study at room temperature confirms the wave-length specificity and reversibility of the photoreduction of type 1 copper and radical formation. Radical appearance and disappearance at room temperature are extremely slow (tau1/2 approximately 30 min). Optical studies at room temperature show that upon anaerobic irradiation of laccase in the 330 nm absorption band, both type 3 and type 1 chromophores are slowly reduced. Upon return to the dark and in the presence of O2, both type 3 and type 1 centers are reoxidized. Oxidizing equivalents either from O2 or K3Fe(CN)6 are required for the reoxidation reaction. These studies demonstrate that there is a direct energy transfer between type 3 and type 1 copper sites in blue copper oxidases.  (+info)

"Toxicodendron" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, also known as the cashew family. This genus includes several species that are well-known for causing allergic reactions in humans, particularly through contact with their sap or urushiol-containing parts of the plant. The most common and notorious species in this genus is Toxicodendron radicans, also known as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. These plants can cause an itchy, blistering rash upon contact with the skin, which is a type of allergic reaction called contact dermatitis. The severity of the reaction can vary from person to person, depending on their sensitivity to urushiol and the amount of exposure they have had to the plant.

Toxicodendron dermatitis is a type of contact dermatitis that results from exposure to plants belonging to the Toxicodendron genus, which includes poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. The reaction is caused by an oily resin called urushiol found in these plants. When the oil comes into contact with the skin, it can cause an allergic reaction that leads to a red, itchy rash, often with blisters or weeping lesions.

The rash usually appears within 12-72 hours after exposure and can last for several weeks. The severity of the reaction varies from person to person, depending on their sensitivity to urushiol and the amount of contact they had with the plant. In addition to direct skin contact, urushiol can also be spread through secondary sources such as clothing, pets, or tools that have come into contact with the plant.

Prevention measures include avoiding contact with Toxicodendron plants, wearing protective clothing and gloves when working in areas where these plants may be present, and washing skin and clothing thoroughly with soap and water after exposure. In some cases, medical treatment may be necessary to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

... acuminatum (or Rhus acuminata) grows in China, Bhutan, India and Nepal. Toxicodendron calcicolum, endemic to ... Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac) identification "Toxicodendron". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan. February ... ISBN 0-940168-18-9. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toxicodendron. Wikispecies has information related to Toxicodendron ... and Toxicodendron succedaneum (synonym: Rhus succedanea), among other sumac plants in the genus Toxicodendron, rather than ...
Toxicodendron vernix - poison sumac Toxicodendron radicans - eastern poison ivy USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Toxicodendron diversilobum ... Nicklas Strömberg iNaturalist: Toxicodendron diversilobum U.S. Forest Service: Toxicodendron diversilobum Integrated Taxonomic ... U.S. Forest Service information: Toxicodendron diversilobum (Pacific poison oak) Calflora Database: Toxicodendron diversilobum ... Toxicodendron diversilobum is extremely variable in growth habit and leaf appearance. It grows as a dense 0.5-4 metres (1+1⁄2- ...
... (syn. Rhus striata) is a South American poisonous tree in the family Anacardiaceae, commonly called ... Toxicodendron, Trees of Peru, All stub articles, Anacardiaceae stubs). ...
... commonly known as small-flowered poison sumac is a much-branched shrub bearing stalked leaves with ... Toxicodendron, Plants described in 1891, Flora of West Himalaya, Flora of Nepal, Flora of Bhutan, All stub articles, ...
... (syn. Rhus pubescens), commonly known as Atlantic poison oak, is an upright shrub that can grow to 1 ... Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora: Toxicodendron pubescens. Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine Wikimedia Commons has ... USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Toxicodendron pubescens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant ... Poison sumac Western poison oak NatureServe (30 June 2023). "Toxicodendron pubescens". NatureServe Network Biodiversity ...
... is an endangered species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to the province of Yunnan ... China Plant Specialist Group (2017). "Toxicodendron calcicola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T46402A117999115. ... Toxicodendron, Endangered plants, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Anacardiaceae stubs, Endemic flora of ...
... is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae. It is endemic to China. It is threatened by habitat ... Sun, W. (2017). "Toxicodendron delavayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T31281A117999828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK. ...
... , the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnam or charão in Portuguese, is ... Media related to Toxicodendron succedaneum at Wikimedia Commons (Articles with short description, Short description is ... from Toxicodendron succedaneum crushed fruits rather than beeswax or animal fats. Japan's wax is a byproduct of lacquer ... "Toxicodendron succedaneum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. ...
... (Asian poison ivy) is an allergenic East Asian flowering plant in the genus Toxicodendron. The species ... Toxicodendron orientale is a climbing vine that grows on trees or other supports. The deciduous leaves of T. orientale are ... 1, Washington DC, p. 127, retrieved November 4, 2022{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) "Toxicodendron ... Fukushima Prefect All parts of Toxicodendron orientale contain urushiol, which is known to cause severe contact dermatitis. ...
"Japanese lacquer". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toxicodendron vernicifluum. Toxicodendron vernicifluum in the Flora ... Toxicodendron vernicifluum (formerly Rhus verniciflua), also known by the common name Chinese lacquer tree, is an Asian tree ... Lacquer Lacquerware Shimose powder Urushi-e Urushiol "PLANTS Profile for Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Chinese lacquer)". Natural ... "Common Names for Chinese Lacquer (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 10 December 2013. Fountain Pens ...
... , commonly known as poison sumac, or swamp-sumach, is a woody shrub or small tree growing to 9 metres (30 ... "Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. ... Toxicodendron vernix (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, IUCN Red List least ... ISBN 978-0-940168-18-3.. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toxicodendron vernix. Poison ivy / oak / sumac in "The ...
... , the western poison ivy or northern poison oak, is a species of Toxicodendron in the cashew family ... Unlike Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy), which often appears as a trailing or climbing vine, Toxicodendron rydbergii ... "Toxicodendron rydbergii". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Toxicodendron rydbergii". The PLANTS ... "Toxicodendron rydbergii. NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 22 September 2023. " ...
Toxicodendron diversilobum (poison oak - western) Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac) Gluta spp (rengas tree) Toxicodendron ... Toxicodendron rydbergii (western poison ivy) Smodingium argutum (African poison ivy) Toxicodendron pubescens (poison oak - ... Western poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) leaflets also grow in threes on the end of a stem, but each leaflet is shaped ... Toxicodendron radicans, commonly known as eastern poison ivy or poison ivy, is an allergenic Asian and Eastern North American ...
and Toxicodendron radicans. Dichorda iridaria iridaria (from Texas to Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, Missouri, Kansas) Dichorda ...
Hogan CM (2008). Stromberg N (ed.). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the ...
C. Michael Hogan (2008). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the original on 2009- ...
Toxicodendron diversilobum. Archived July 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine In: Strömberg, N. (ed.) GlobalTwitcher. Santa Rosa ...
The name urushiol is derived from the Japanese word for the lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum (漆, urushi). The oxidation ... Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum". GlobalTwitcher. Archived ... Toxicodendron, meaning poison tree. There were many documented cases of irritations and allergic reactions from the plant, and ... especially Toxicodendron spp. (e.g., poison oak, Chinese lacquer tree, poison ivy, poison sumac), Comocladia spp. (maidenplums ...
pallida (N) Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo (N) Toxicodendron rydbergii (N) Toxicodendron vernix (N) Tradescantia ohiensis ...
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.). "Western Poison-oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum)". GlobalTwitcher. Archived ...
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum". GlobalTwitcher. Archived ...
"Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 153 (1891)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic ... the North American species Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy) was classified in the genus Rhus. NatureServe (2021). ...
Toxicodendron radicans); developing woodland consisting of hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), willow (Salix spp.), black cherry ( ...
... (also called Toxicodendron dermatitis or Rhus dermatitis) is a type of allergic contact ... Hogan CM (2008). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the original on 2009-07-21. ... dermatitis caused by the oil urushiol found in various plants, most notably sumac family species of the genus Toxicodendron: ...
ISBN 3-540-43914-5. Hogan, C. Michael (15 October 2008). Nicklas Strömberg (ed.). "Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron ...
The larvae feed on Rhus toxicodendron. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is much contorted, linear and located ...
Rhus, Sumac Toxicodendron, Lacquer tree etc. Apocynaceae (Dogbane family) Pachypodium Aquifoliaceae (Holly family) Ilex, Holly ...
The larvae feed on Toxicodendron diversilobum. They roll the leaves of their host plant. Savela, Markku. "Teleiopsis baldiana ( ...
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Western poison-oak: Toxicodendron diversilobum, GlobalTwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg "Western Poison ... Toxicodendron diversilobum) shrubs or vines as nesting locations. Bell's vireos make a well-camouflaged nest but when found ... Toxicodendron diversilobum ) - - GlobalTwitcher.com". Archived from the original on 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2010-04-21. Wikimedia ...
Toxicodendron radicans, Toxicodendron rydbergii, and Toxicodendron orientale. They are well known for causing urushiol-induced ... Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac) Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Japanese lacquer tree) "Toxicodendron rydbergii". Plants of the ... "Toxicodendron orientale". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 19 October 2020. "Toxicodendron ... Toxicodendron orientale: found in East Asia. Toxicodendron radicans: found throughout eastern Canada and the United States, ...
Toxicodendron acuminatum (or Rhus acuminata) grows in China, Bhutan, India and Nepal. Toxicodendron calcicolum, endemic to ... Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac) identification "Toxicodendron". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan. February ... ISBN 0-940168-18-9. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toxicodendron. Wikispecies has information related to Toxicodendron ... and Toxicodendron succedaneum (synonym: Rhus succedanea), among other sumac plants in the genus Toxicodendron, rather than ...
... that occurs from exposure to members of the plant genus Toxicodendron. In North America, this includes poison ivy, poison oak, ... Toxicodendron dermatitis is an allergic contact dermatitis (allergic phytodermatitis) ... encoded search term (Toxicodendron Poisoning) and Toxicodendron Poisoning What to Read Next on Medscape ... Toxicodendron Poisoning Medication. Updated: Jun 13, 2022 * Author: Steven L Stephanides, MD; Chief Editor: Michael A Miller, ...
Toxicodendron vernicifluum is a deciduous Tree growing to 15 m (49ft) by 10 m (32ft). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy ... Toxicodendron vernicifluum is a deciduous Tree growing to 15 m (49ft) by 10 m (32ft). See above for USDA hardiness. It is hardy ... Rhus toxicodendron. Eastern Poison Oak. Shrub. 0.6. 6-9 LMH. N. DM. 0. 2. 2. ... Toxicodendron sylvestre. Yame-haze. Tree. 10.0. 9-12 M. LMH. SN. M. 0. 0. 4. ...
TOXICODENDRON). The most toxic species are Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), T. diversilobum (poison oak), and T. radicans ( ... "Toxicodendron" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Toxicodendron" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year ...
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Similar words for Toxicodendron Vernicifluum. Definition: noun. in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus ... 1. Toxicodendron noun. in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus Rhus having foliage that is poisonous to ...
View Calflora record for Toxicodendron diversilobum*View all photos in CalPhotos of Toxicodendron diversilobum *Check Google ... Toxicodendron diversilobum. Western Poison Oak Photographer: Dr. Mark S. Brunell. ID: 0000 0000 0404 0037 (2004-04-02). ... The photographers identification Toxicodendron diversilobum has not been reviewed. Click here to review or comment on the ...
vulgaris Michx., Toxicodendron desertorum Lunell, Toxicodendron fothergilloides Lunell, Toxicodendron radicans subsp. rydbergii ... The hybrid between Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo and Toxicodendron rydbergii is intermediate in characteristics, and can ... Similar species: Toxicodendron radicans is a vine or shrub with aerial roots, narrower leaflets, and an open cluster of fruit ... Etymology: Toxicodendron means poison tree. Rydbergii is named after Per Axel Rydberg, an early 20th century member of the ...
3. Toxicodendron Miller Nombre vernáculo: Aluvillo Arboles o arbustos con exudado volviéndose negro cuando expuesto. Hojas con ... El género Toxicodendron consta de 5 especies distribuidas desde América del Norte hasta el Brasil y en el este de Asia. En el ... Ecuador está representada una especie, Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pavón) Kuntze, distribuida principalmente en los bosques ...
Discover the ancient art of lacquerware with Toxicodendron vernicifluum, also known as the Chinese Lacquer or Varnish Tree. ... Toxicodendron vernicifluum is also known as the source of urushi lacquer. With its grayish-yellow inflorescence and slender ... Discover the ancient art of lacquerware with Toxicodendron vernicifluum, also known as the Chinese Lacquer or Varnish Tree. ...
TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF (UNII: 6IO182RP7A) (TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF - UNII:6IO182RP7A) TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF. ... Calcarea carbonica 8x, Colocynthis 4x, Cuprum aceticum 4x, Lacticum acidum 6x, Rhus toxicodendron 6x, Secale cornutum 6x, ... calcarea carbonica, colocynthis, cuprum aceticum, lacticum acidum, rhus toxicodendron, secale cornutum, veratrum album liquid. ... Label: LEG CRAMP COMPLEX- calcarea carbonica, colocynthis, cuprum aceticum, lacticum acidum, rhus toxicodendron, secale ...
BASIONYM: Rhus toxicodendron Linnaeus, var. microcarpon Michaux 1803.. Rhus toxicodendron subsp. vulgaris Rhus toxicodendron ... BASIONYM: Toxicodendron vulgare Miller 1768.. Rhus toxicodendron var. microcarpon Rhus toxicodendron Linnaeus, var. microcarpon ... BASIONYM: Rhus toxicodendron Linnaeus, var. microcarpon Michaux 1803.. Toxicodendron vulgare Toxicodendron vulgare Miller, Gard ... BASIONYM: Toxicodendron vulgare Miller 1768.. Rhus toxicodendron forma malacotrichocarpa Rhus toxicodendron Linnaeus, forma ...
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Toxicodendron radicans Research Information. Eastern Poison-Ivy allergy information and photos, Pitt county, North Carolina ... Home « North Carolina « Pitt « Toxicodendron « Toxicodendron radicans Family: ANACARDIACEAE Genus: Toxicodendron Species: ... Allergenicity: Eastern Poison-Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is a severe allergen.. Pollination: Occurs in following seasons ... Eastern Poison-Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) Eastern Poison-Ivy Species Description. This species is native to North America ...
Herbe à puce (Toxicodendron radicans). Credit. Jardin botanique de Montréal (Pascale Maynard) ...
Toxicodendron) genus details, photos and seasonal allergies, Camden county, North Carolina ... Toxicodendron)? Research Poison-Ivy, Poison-Oak, Poison-Sumac ( ... Eastern Poison-Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Pacific Poison-Oak ... Poison-Ivy, Poison-Oak, Poison-Sumac (Toxicodendron). Home « North Carolina « Camden « Toxicodendron ... Poison-Ivy, Poison-Oak, Poison-Sumac (Toxicodendron) is a genus of the ANACARDIACEAE family.. This genus includes the following ...
About 70% of adults who contact poison oak or poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) will develop a rash in a delayed fashion from ... The accepted name is Toxicodendron diversilobum, formerly Rhus diversiloba. * Native to western parts of Washington, Oregon, ...
About Ingredients Directions Free of All Boiron Pellets are final sale. Boirons Tubes (or Single medicines) are known and registered by their Latin name, resulting in a common international nomenclature. In Canada, they are available in varying dilutions and have no mention of a therapeutic indication. These medicines
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Značka: Rhus Toxicodendron. * Cesty neskorého leta. 2. November 2020. Cesty neskorého leta Mnohí z nás v tomto magickom roku ... Muriatic Acid Natrium Carbonicum nevoľnosť Nux Vomica popáleniny poštípanie prehriatie príbeh Rescue Remedy Rhus Toxicodendron ...
... er et homeopatisk legemiddel. Regulert av Statens Legemiddelverk ... Rhus toxicodendron LM30, 1g Granuler er et homeopatisk legemiddel. For mer informasjon om indikasjoner, bruksmåte og dosering, ...
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Definition Toxicodendron vernicifluum, usage examples
Poison ivy: Toxicodendron radicans. Poison ivy is found east of the Rocky Mountains from Canada down to Florida. It is an ... Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). Poison Ivy can grow as a shrub or form a vine. It may carpet the ground while other poison ...
Poison-sumac (Toxicodendron vernix). Anacardiaceae.. August 3, 2020. 2560 × 2048 Poison-sumac (Toxicodendron vernix). ...
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze 77804. Decatur. 03 Aug 1946. Ray C. Friesner. 20909. BUT. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ... Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze 78071. Daviess. 12 Oct 1946. Ray C. Friesner. 21235. BUT. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ... Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze 95826. Hamilton. 14 Jun 1952. Ray C. Friesner. 25068. BUT. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) ... Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze 91960. Dearborn. 01 Jul 1950. Ray C. Friesner. 23453. BUT. Toxicodendron radicans (L.) ...
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  • Contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a homeopathic remedy. (medscape.com)
  • Rhus toxicodendron Linnaeus, forma radicans (Linnaeus) McNair, Publ. (usf.edu)
  • Rhus toxicodendron LM30, 1g Granuler er et homeopatisk legemiddel. (arnika.no)
  • Rhus Tox 30C is a homeopathic dilution of Rhus Toxicodendron that relieves joint pain improved by motion. (herbstoponline.com)
  • Dr Willmar Schwabe Germany Rhus Toxicodendron Pentarkan Ptk. (parashomeopathy.com)
  • German Rhus Toxicodendron Mother Tincture Q. 20ml. (homeomart.com)
  • Ollois Rhus Toxicodendron 30C uses: Cold sores & Arthritis pain improved by movement. (ibellalifestyle.com)
  • Rhus Toxicodendron 30C uses: Cold sores & Arthritis pain improved by movement. (ibellalifestyle.com)
  • Our Organic Certified and Lactose Free Rhus Toxicodendron 30C is traditionally used for: Cold sores - Arthritis pain improved by movement. (ibellalifestyle.com)
  • Be the first to review "Rhus Toxicodendron 30C uses: Cold sores & Arthritis pain improved by movement. (ibellalifestyle.com)
  • The homeopathic remedy Rhus toxicodendron is obtained from the leaves of poison ivy collected before the plant blooms - a period in which the poison is stronger - and then reduced to pulp. (treasurenatural.com)
  • Rhus toxicodendron in Homeopathy is mainly used in the treatment of rheumatic and skin disorders. (treasurenatural.com)
  • Rhus toxicodendron is a homeopathic remedy useful in case of rheumatic disorders . (treasurenatural.com)
  • Rhus Toxicodendron is useful when painful symptoms are localized to the tendons and ligaments, especially when symptomatic aggravation is present after immobility. (treasurenatural.com)
  • Rhus Toxicodendron types are cordial, lively, playful, sharp and good company subjects, although they are initially a bit shy. (treasurenatural.com)
  • Active ingredient: Rhus toxicodendron [HPUS]. (homeopathyworks.com)
  • The most toxic species are Toxicodendron vernix (poison sumac), T. diversilobum (poison oak), and T. radicans (poison ivy). (harvard.edu)
  • Biomass and toxicity responses of poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) to elevated atmospheric CO2. (harvard.edu)
  • Toxicodendron radicans subsp. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • Toxicodendron radicans var. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • Toxicodendron radicans is a vine or shrub with aerial roots, narrower leaflets, and an open cluster of fruit hainging downward. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • The hybrid between Toxicodendron radicans ssp. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • Eastern Poison-Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is a severe allergen. (pollenlibrary.com)
  • About 70% of adults who contact poison oak or poison ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans ) will develop a rash in a delayed fashion from about 8 hr minimum to 2 weeks later. (oregonstate.edu)
  • For example, the full binomial name of common poison ivy is Toxicodendron radicans (L.) O. Ktze. (medscape.com)
  • O. Ktze is used in recognition of Otto Kuntze, who transferred the epithet radicans from the genus Rhus to the genus Toxicodendron . (medscape.com)
  • The genus Toxicodendron includes common poison ivy ( T radicans ), western or northern poison ivy ( Toxicodendron rydbergii ), eastern poison oak ( Toxicodendron toxicarium ), western poison oak ( Toxicodendron diversilobum ), and poison sumac ( Toxicodendron vernix ). (medscape.com)
  • Poison ivy plants ( Toxicodendron radicans ) grow throughout the United States except Alaska, Hawaii, and parts of the West Coast. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Toxicodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the sumac family, Anacardiaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is evidence which points to keeping Toxicodendron as a separate monophyletic genus, but researchers have stated that the Toxicodendron and Rhus groups are complex and require more study to be fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • In East Asia, in particular in Japan, traditional candle fuel was produced from Toxicodendron vernicifluum (synonym: Rhus verniciflua) and Toxicodendron succedaneum (synonym: Rhus succedanea), among other sumac plants in the genus Toxicodendron, rather than beeswax or animal fats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rapid detection of urushiol allergens of Toxicodendron genus using leaf spray mass spectrometry. (medscape.com)
  • A genus (formerly part of Rhus genus) of shrubs, vines, or trees that yields a highly allergenic oleoresin which causes a severe contact dermatitis (DERMATITIS, TOXICODENDRON). (harvard.edu)
  • Poison-Ivy, Poison-Oak, Poison-Sumac (Toxicodendron) is a genus of the ANACARDIACEAE family. (pollenlibrary.com)
  • Toxicodendron vernicifluum (formerly Rhus verniciflua), also known with the common name Chinese lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum is a species of genus Toxicodendron (formerly Rhus) that grows in East Asia, in regions of China, Korea and Japan. (hobbyseeds.com)
  • ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Comprising of about 30 species, the genus Toxicodendron ( Anacardiaceae ) are mainly distributed in East Asia and North America . (bvsalud.org)
  • Most allergenic family members belong to the genus Toxicodendron, and they possess a toxic oleoresin called urushiol. (medscape.com)
  • Rhus is the largest genus in the family Anacardiaceae, but it does not contain the allergenic plants, most of which belong to the genus Toxicodendron . (medscape.com)
  • Small-flowered poison sumac (Toxicodendron parviflorum or Rhus parviflora) grows in the Himalayas between Kumaun, India and Bhutan Potanin's lacquer tree or Chinese varnish tree (Toxicodendron potaninii or Rhus potaninii) from central China, is similar to T. vernicifluum but with (usually) fewer leaflets per leaf. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxicodendron vernicifluum - (Stokes) F.A. Barkley. (pfaf.org)
  • Toxicodendron vernicifluum is a deciduous Tree growing to 15 m (49ft) by 10 m (32ft). (pfaf.org)
  • Discover the ancient art of lacquerware with Toxicodendron vernicifluum, also known as the Chinese Lacquer or Varnish Tree. (sheffields.com)
  • Toxicodendron vernicifluum is also known as the source of urushi lacquer. (sheffields.com)
  • A comprehensive review of medicinal Toxicodendron (Anacardiaceae): Botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Toxicodendron calcicolum, endemic to China Western poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum or Rhus diversiloba) is found throughout much of western North America, ranging from the Pacific coast into the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges between southern British Columbia and southward into Baja California. (wikipedia.org)
  • The photographer's identification Toxicodendron diversilobum has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
  • Toxicodendron diversilobum, single grain. (pollenlibrary.com)
  • Toxicodendron diversilobum, multiple grains. (pollenlibrary.com)
  • Atlantic poison oak (Toxicodendron pubescens or Rhus toxicarium) grows mostly in sandy soils in eastern parts of the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • Asian poison ivy (Toxicodendron orientale, Rhus orientale or R. ambigua) is very similar to the American poison ivy, and replaces it throughout east Asia (so similar that some texts treat it as just a variety of the American species). (wikipedia.org)
  • And the search terms " Toxicodendron " and "the names of 31 species and their synonyms" were used to search for information from electronic databases such as Web of Science , Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed , Baidu Scholar, Springer, and Wiley Online Library . (bvsalud.org)
  • These species on Toxicodendron are widely used in folkloric medicine and modern pharmacological activities. (bvsalud.org)
  • Poison ivy and a related Toxicodendron species are considered a public health concern because they cause contact dermatitis, an inflammation of the skin caused by skin to plant contact (12). (cdc.gov)
  • En el Ecuador está representada una especie, Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pavón) Kuntze, distribuida principalmente en los bosques subandinos y andinos. (efloras.org)
  • In the United States, most cases of allergic contact dermatitis are due to Toxicodendron plants. (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] For specific information on prevention and treatment of Toxicodendron rashes, see Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systemic steroids are the standard for severe toxicodendron dermatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Post-exposure prevention of toxicodendron dermatitis with early forceful unidirectional washing. (medscape.com)
  • Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • negundo and Toxicodendron rydbergii is intermediate in characteristics, and can be distinguished from T. rydbergii because it sometimes grows as a vine or has aerial roots, occasionally has somewhat hairy leafstalks, and has narrower leaflets. (swbiodiversity.org)
  • Thai Journal of Botany:Toxicodendron wallichii (Hook.f. (qsbg.or.th)
  • Therefore, this review aims to provide a reference for further research and development on medicinal purpose of Toxicodendron by summarizing the works (from 1980 to 2023), and focusing on its botany , traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology . (bvsalud.org)
  • Lofgran T, Mahabal G. Toxicodendron Toxicity. (medscape.com)
  • is a homoeopathic medicine that consists of extracts of toxicodendron and is used for the management of arthritis, joint pain, stiffness, swelling or inflammation. (parashomeopathy.com)
  • Mass spectrometry of topical products containing Toxicodendron (RHUS) extracts. (cdc.gov)
  • BASIONYM: Toxicodendron glabrum Miller 1768. (usf.edu)
  • Toxicodendron blodgettii (Kearney) Greene, Leafl. (usf.edu)
  • Toxicodendron goniocarpum Greene, Leafl. (usf.edu)
  • Toxicodendron acuminatum (or Rhus acuminata) grows in China, Bhutan, India and Nepal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Toxicodendron -related dermatoses occur equally in both sexes. (medscape.com)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. (bvsalud.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Toxicodendron" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Toxicodendron" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Contact dermatitis from Rhus toxicodendron in a homeopathic remedy. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical and immunologic features of systemic contact dermatitis from ingestion of Rhus (Toxicodendron). (medscape.com)
  • Prevention of poison ivy dermatitis with oral homeopathic Rhus toxicodendron. (nih.gov)
  • Rhus toxicodendron is seen by some older botanists as one with Rhus diversiloba and Rhus radicans since they can be distinguished only with difficulty. (qjure.com)
  • Rhus toxicodendron pellets are prepared by carefully impregnating the dilution of the desired potency, in Pharma grade sugar pellets. (bahola.co)
  • Rhus toxicodendron D30 20g Piller er et homeopatisk legemiddel. (arnika.no)
  • Rhus toxicodendron L. var. (unc.edu)
  • Examples of plants made into homeopathic medicines include arnica montana, allium cepa (Onion), ledum palustre (Wild rosemary), hypericum perforatum (St. Treatment with ruta graveolens 5ch and rhus toxicodendron 9ch may reduce joint pain and stiffness linked to aromatase inhibitors in women with early breast cancer: Results of a pilot observational study. (foodpharmacy.blog)
  • Turn over a new leaf with rhus toxicodendron 30ch from unda. (foodpharmacy.blog)
  • The complaints of Rhus Toxicodendron remedy come on from exposure to cold damp weather. (thehomoeopathystore.com)
  • Active ingredient: Rhus toxicodendron [HPUS]. (homeopathyworks.com)
  • Poisoning by Rhus toxicodendron of unusual severity. (nih.gov)
  • Accidents causés par le contact du Rhus toxicodendron (térébinthacées anacardiées). (nih.gov)
  • Asian poison ivy (Toxicodendron orientale, Rhus orientale or R. ambigua) is very similar to the American poison ivy, and replaces it throughout east Asia (so similar that some texts treat it as just a variety of the American species). (wikipedia.org)
  • Small-flowered poison sumac (Toxicodendron parviflorum or Rhus parviflora) grows in the Himalayas between Kumaun, India and Bhutan Potanin's lacquer tree or Chinese varnish tree (Toxicodendron potaninii or Rhus potaninii) from central China, is similar to T. vernicifluum but with (usually) fewer leaflets per leaf. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atlantic poison oak (Toxicodendron pubescens or Rhus toxicarium) grows mostly in sandy soils in eastern parts of the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the 2018 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System, skin irritation from Toxicodendron was the 6th most common plant exposure, accounting for 1015 cases. (medscape.com)
  • Poison Oak, Toxicodendron pubescens - Low growing upright shrub with thick, shiny, oak-like (lobed) leaves grouped by threes. (bellavistapoa.com)
  • The less common Poison Oak (Toxicodendron toxicodendron) can also be found in scattered locations. (nih.gov)
  • Your search for TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF did not return any results. (nih.gov)
  • Mass spectrometry of topical products containing Toxicodendron (RHUS) extracts. (cdc.gov)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY To date, no comprehensive review on Toxicodendron has been published and the scientific basis of the traditional medicinal benefits of Toxicodendron have been less reported. (bvsalud.org)