An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.
A genus of parasitic nematodes that causes TRICHINELLOSIS in man and other animal.
A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.
The family Odobenidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA. It is represented by a single species of large, nearly hairless mammal found on Arctic shorelines, whose upper canines are modified into tusks.
The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
The family of carnivorous or omnivorous bears, having massive bodies, coarse heavy fur, relatively short limbs, and almost rudimentary tails.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Idaho" is a U.S. state located in the Pacific Northwest and it doesn't have a medical definition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like me to define, I'd be happy to help!
An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.
Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.
A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.
A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Suppression of giardiasis during the intestinal phase of trichinosis in the mouse. (1/350)

The interaction of the intestinal phases of Giardia muris and Trichinella spiralis was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Intraoesophageal inoculation of G. muris cysts seven days before, or seven days after, similar inoculation of T. spiralis larvae resulted in significant reduction in the numbers of Giardia trophozoites in small bowel and Giardia cysts in stools. This effect was not observed when G. muris cysts were administered after resolution of the intestinal phase of trichinosis. Giardiasis had no effect on trichinosis as assessed by numbers of adult worms in small bowel and larvae in skeletal muscles. Studies of small bowel morphology showed that the intestinal phase of trichinosis was associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, a significant increase in Paneth cells in crypts, and a marked reduction in the villus:crypt ratio of jejunum. These observations suggest that the intestinal phase of trichinosis induced environmental changes in small bowel, perhaps related to inflammation, which resulted in suppression of proliferation of Giardia trophozoites.  (+info)

The role of urocanic acid in UVB-induced suppression of immunity to Trichinella spiralis infection in the rat. (2/350)

The naturally occurring trans-isomer of urocanic acid (trans-UCA), found in the stratum corneum, absorbs ultraviolet light (UV) and isomerizes to the cis-form. Cis-UCA has been shown to impair some cellular immune responses, and has been proposed as an initiator of the suppression that follows UV irradiation. UVB exposure leads to an increase in cis-UCA in the skin of rats from about 10% to 40% of the total UCA. Previously it has been demonstrated that UVB lowers immune responses to Trichinella spiralis after oral infection of rats with the parasitic worm. In the present study we investigated the role of cis-UCA in the control of this parasitic infection. Rats were infected orally with T. spiralis and injected with different doses of cis- or trans-UCA subcutaneously. Mitogenic responses and the mixed lymphocyte reaction were not affected by either isomer. In contrast, the number of T. spiralis larvae in muscle tissue of infected rats was increased significantly in the cis-UCA-treated animals compared with the trans-UCA-treated animals. In addition, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to T. antigen in infected rats was significantly impaired by cis-UCA but not by trans-UCA. If rats were injected with a monoclonal antibody with specificity for cis-UCA 2 hr prior to UVB exposure, the UVB-induced suppression in DTH to T. spiralis and the increase in larvae counts were significantly inhibited compared with rats that were similarly injected with a control antibody. Thus cis-UCA can inhibit the specific resistance to parasitic infections and acts as an important mediator of UVB-induced suppression of immunity to T. spiralis in the rat.  (+info)

A sausage-associated outbreak of trichinosis in Illinois. (3/350)

Twenty-three of 50 members of an extended Dutch-German family and their close friends who ate raw homemade summer sausage became ill with trichinosis; 12 patients were hospitalized for an average of 10 days each. The sausage had been made in three different batches according to an old family recipe. One of the batches made from USDA-inspected pork was found to contain Trichinella spiralis larvae by two Illinois State laboratories. The other two batches were negative. Seventeen of the 23 patients submitted information on medical expenses incurred and wages lost because of the outbreak. These costs totaled almost $20,000. There is need for a nationwide program for controlling trichinosis in swine.  (+info)

Nematode-induced jejunal inflammation in the ferret causes long-term changes in excitatory neuromuscular responses. (4/350)

Enteric infections in animals and humans have proven the link between mucosal inflammation and gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. The goal of the present investigation was to study the long-term effects of mucosal inflammation on the neuromuscular functions of the small intestine in a ferret model of primary Trichinella spiralis infection. Myeloperoxidase activity and isometric contractions of isolated jejunal muscles were studied on days 8, 30, and 60 postinfection (PI). The peak increase in myeloperoxidase activity seen on day 8 PI returned to normal levels by day 60 PI. Contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscles evoked by electrical field stimulation of enteric nerves on day 8 PI showed no difference when compared with uninfected controls. However, during this enteric phase of the infection, neurally mediated responses were characterized by a disturbance in the balance between cholinergic and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) excitation with both a reduction of cholinergic and a reciprocal enhancement of NANC neurotransmission. On days 30 and 60 PI the amplitude of neurally mediated responses and the balance between cholinergic and NANC excitation were restored in the circular but not in the longitudinal muscle. In addition, there were changes in the effector function involving smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness to high K+ or carbachol on days 8, 30, and 60 PI. However, a significant reduction in EC50 for carbachol was found only on day 60 PI. The results demonstrate that T. spiralis infection results in alterations of muscle contractility and enteric neurotransmission that persist after the resolution of mucosal inflammation.  (+info)

Trichinellosis outbreaks--Northrhine-Westfalia, Germany, 1998-1999. (5/350)

From November 1998 through January 1999, 52 cases of trichinellosis were identified by the public health surveillance systems in 11 cities and districts of the state of Northrhine-Westfalia (NRW), Germany. In comparison, zero to 10 cases were reported annually in Germany during 1987-1997. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases, which indicated the existence of two simultaneous outbreaks-one caused by contaminated ground meat and the other by a commercially prepared raw smoked sausage.  (+info)

IL-5 contributes to worm expulsion and muscle hypercontractility in a primary T. spiralis infection. (6/350)

Enteric nematode infections lead to increased interleukin (IL)-5 expression, eosinophilic inflammation, and intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility. Although eosinophils release inflammatory mediators that cause smooth muscle contraction, the role of IL-5 and eosinophils in enteric smooth muscle hypercontractility is unclear. IL-5-deficient mice and their wild-type controls were infected with the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Intestinal parasites and eosinophils were counted, and jejunal longitudinal muscle contractility was assessed. During infection, IL-5 gene expression increased significantly in wild-type mice and was accompanied by significant intestinal eosinophilia in wild-type but not IL-5-deficient mice. Although both strains developed increased muscle contractility during infection, contraction was significantly less in the IL-5-deficient mice at days 16 and 21 postinfection. In addition, parasite expulsion was transiently delayed at day 16 in IL-5-deficient mice. Thus, in the nematode-infected mouse, IL-5 appears essential for intestinal eosinophilia and contributes to, but is not essential for, the development of muscle hypercontractility. IL-5 also appears to play a minor role in expelling a primary T. spiralis infection from the gut.  (+info)

Second generation effects of maternal ethanol consumption on immunity to Trichinella spiralis in female rats. (7/350)

The deleterious effects of maternal ethanol consumption on neonatal immune development and early immune responses has been well documented. However, the effects of such neonatal exposure to maternally consumed ethanol on the neonates' immune responses in their adult life, especially in combination with additional ethanol exposure, has received little attention. For these experiments, female rats were fed on either 6% ethanol or pair-fed isocaloric control Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets for 30 days prior to, and during, pregnancy and lactation. One day after weaning their pups, the mothers were infected with 1000 Trichinella spiralis larvae, and maintained on diets for an additional 20 days. At this time, they were challenged with 2000 T. spiralis larvae, killed 3 days later, and their immune status determined. These animals served as the first generation alcohol animals. Their female offspring served as the experimental second generation animals. These animals received maternal ethanol during pregnancy and lactation and control diet during their juvenile period (from weaning to 90 days of age). They were then subjected to a schedule of ethanol or pairfeeding, identical to the first generation dams. Two groups of second generation animals were established: Group 1 was exposed to ethanol during their dam's pregnancy and lactation periods only, with no subsequent ethanol treatment; Group 2 received ethanol during their dam's pregnancy and lactation periods and then again throughout their adult experimental period. Our previous studies showed only minimal changes following a secondary challenge in T. spiralis-immunized rats; however, neonates born to alcohol-consuming mothers did show some depressed secondary immune responses when challenged soon after weaning. We chose to use a secondary immune challenge to assess further immune alterations in second generation adult animals. No differences between any of the ethanol and pair-fed groups were observed in intestinal worm burdens, which is similar to data previously reported for adult alcohol-consuming animals. However, second generation group 2 animals demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation responses to T. spiralis antigen and Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation relative to the ethanol first generation and to the second generation Group 1 animals. This group also demonstrated significantly lower absorbencies in the ELISA assay for specific IgM and IgG anti-T. spiralis antibodies than the pair-fed, ethanol first and second generation Group 1 animals. The proportion of total T cells and cytotoxic T cells was significantly lower and the proportion of natural killer cells was elevated in both second generation ethanol Groups 1 and 2 relative to the ethanol first generation and pair-fed groups. In addition, Group 2 second generation animals showed significantly lower proportions of total leukocytes and T cells than Group 1 second generation animals. Although secondary immune responses to T. spiralis infection were not altered in rats exposed to ethanol only as adults, exposure to maternal ethanol does affect some specific immune responses in second generation adult life and maternal exposure may exert cumulative immune effects in concert with later consumption of ethanol by offspring born to alcoholic mothers.  (+info)

Dominance of immunoglobulin G2c in the antiphosphorylcholine response of rats infected with Trichinella spiralis. (8/350)

The antibody response to the L1 stage of Trichinella spiralis has been described as biphasic. Worms resident in the intestine during the first week of infection stimulate an antibody response against a subset of larval proteins. L1 larvae in the muscle at the end stage of infection stimulate a second antibody response against tyvelose-bearing glycoproteins. Antityvelose antibodies protect rats against challenge infection with larvae. The aim of this study was to characterize the rat B-cell response against larval antigens during the intestinal phase of T. spiralis infection and to test the antiparasitic effects of such antibodies. Strain PVG rats were infected orally with 500 larvae. Antibodies specific for phosphorylcholine-bearing proteins of L1 larvae first appeared in serum 9 days postinfection. Absorption experiments showed that the majority of antilarval antibodies produced in rats 16 days after infection with T. spiralis were specific for phosphorylcholine-bearing proteins. A fraction of these antibodies bound to free phosphorylcholine. Immunoglobulin G2c (IgG2c) producing cells in the mesenteric lymph node dominated this early antibody response. IgG2c is associated with T-independent immune responses in the rat; however, a comparison of athymic rats with euthymic controls suggested that only a small fraction of the phosphorylcholine-related antibody response against T. spiralis was T independent. Phosphorylcholine is a common epitope in antigens of bacteria and nematode parasites and has been shown to be a target of protective immunity in certain bacteria. A monoclonal IgG2c antibody was prepared from infected rats and shown to be specific for phosphorylcholine. Monoclonal phosphorylcholine-specific IgG2c failed to protect rats against intestinal infection with T. spiralis. Therefore, our findings do not support a role for phosphorylcholine-bearing antigens in immune defense against T. spiralis; however, the potency of the immune response induced suggests an immunomodulatory role for the lymphocytes involved.  (+info)

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. The infection typically occurs when contaminated raw or undercooked meat, often pork, is consumed. After ingestion, the larvae of the worm are released from the cysts in the meat and migrate to the small intestine, where they mature into adults.

The adult females then lay new larvae that penetrate the intestinal wall and travel through the bloodstream to striated muscle tissue (such as skeletal muscles), where they encapsulate and form new cysts. The symptoms of trichinellosis can vary widely, depending on the number of worms ingested and the intensity of infection. Early symptoms may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. As the larvae migrate to muscle tissue, additional symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, swelling of the face, eyelids, or tongue, and skin rashes can occur. Severe infections may lead to life-threatening complications, including heart and respiratory failure.

Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly (to an internal temperature of at least 160°F or 71°C), freezing meat properly (at -15°F or -26°C for several days) to kill the parasites, and avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, especially from wild animals.

"Trichinella" is a genus of parasitic roundworms that are known to cause the disease trichinosis in humans and other animals. The worms are tiny, typically less than 1-2 millimeters in length, and live in the small intestine of their host after being ingested through contaminated raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork.

The larvae of Trichinella can encyst themselves in the muscle tissue of the host, leading to symptoms such as muscle pain, fever, swelling, and gastrointestinal distress. In severe cases, trichinosis can cause neurological problems, heart complications, and even death.

Preventing trichinosis involves cooking meat thoroughly, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and practicing good food hygiene.

"Trichinella spiralis" is a species of parasitic roundworm that causes the disease trichinosis in humans. The adult worms live in the intestine, where they produce larvae that migrate to striated muscle tissue, including the diaphragm, tongue, and skeletal muscles, where they encyst and form nurse cells. Infection typically occurs through the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork, contaminated with the larvae. Symptoms can range from gastrointestinal disturbances to fever, muscle pain, and potentially life-threatening complications in severe cases. Prevention includes cooking meat thoroughly and freezing it at certain temperatures to kill the larvae.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "walruses" is not a medical term. It is the plural form of "walrus," which refers to a large marine mammal known for its distinctive tusks and whiskers. Walruses are native to the Arctic regions and are well-adapted to life in cold waters. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help answer them!

Food parasitology is not a commonly used term in medical or scientific communities. However, it generally refers to the study of parasites that are transmitted through food, including parasitic protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods (e.g., tapeworms, roundworms, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, etc.). Food parasitology involves understanding the life cycles, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these foodborne parasites. It is an important field within medical and veterinary parasitology, as well as food safety and public health.

Ursidae is not a medical term, but rather a taxonomic category in biology. It refers to the family of mammals that includes bears. The order of these animals is Carnivora, and Ursidae is one of the eight families within this order.

The members of Ursidae are characterized by their large size, stocky bodies, strong limbs, and a plantigrade posture (walking on the entire sole of the foot). They have a keen sense of smell and most species have a diet that varies widely based on what's available in their environment.

While not directly related to medical terminology, understanding various biological classifications can be helpful in medical fields such as epidemiology or zoonotic diseases, where knowing about different animal families can provide insight into potential disease carriers or transmission patterns.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, known as an antigen. They are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens, neutralizing or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect humans and animals. They include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes, among others. Helminth infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type of worm and the location of the infection.

Antibodies to helminths are produced by the immune system in response to an infection with one of these parasitic worms. These antibodies can be detected in the blood and serve as evidence of a current or past infection. They may also play a role in protecting against future infections with the same type of worm.

There are several different classes of antibodies, including IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Antibodies to helminths are typically of the IgE class, which are associated with allergic reactions and the defense against parasites. IgE antibodies can bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that help to protect against the worm.

In addition to IgE, other classes of antibodies may also be produced in response to a helminth infection. For example, IgG antibodies may be produced later in the course of the infection and can provide long-term immunity to reinfection. IgA antibodies may also be produced and can help to prevent the attachment and entry of the worm into the body.

Overall, the production of antibodies to helminths is an important part of the immune response to these parasitic worms. However, in some cases, the presence of these antibodies may also be associated with allergic reactions or other immunological disorders.

I am not aware of any medical definition for the term "Idaho." It is primarily used as the name of a state in the United States. If you have any specific medical context or terminology that you would like me to help define, please let me know and I will be happy to assist you.

Carnivora is an order of mammals that consists of animals whose primary diet consists of flesh. The term "Carnivora" comes from the Latin words "caro", meaning flesh, and "vorare", meaning to devour. This order includes a wide variety of species, ranging from large predators such as lions, tigers, and bears, to smaller animals such as weasels, otters, and raccoons.

While members of the Carnivora order are often referred to as "carnivores," it is important to note that not all members exclusively eat meat. Some species, such as raccoons and bears, have an omnivorous diet that includes both plants and animals. Additionally, some species within this order have evolved specialized adaptations for their specific diets, such as the elongated canines and carnassial teeth of felids (cats) and canids (dogs), which are adapted for tearing and shearing meat.

Overall, the medical definition of Carnivora refers to an order of mammals that have a diet primarily consisting of flesh, although not all members exclusively eat meat.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Funeral Rites" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Funeral rites generally refer to the customs, practices, and rituals associated with paying respects to the dead and disposing of their remains in a culturally or religiously significant manner. These practices can vary widely between different cultures, societies, and religious groups. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Medical definitions typically do not include terms like "meat products" as they are too broad and not specific to medical conditions or treatments. However, in a general food science or nutrition context, "meat products" could be defined as:

Processed or unprocessed foods that contain meat or meat derivatives as the primary ingredient. This can include various types of muscle tissue from mammals, birds, fish, and other animals, along with any accompanying fat, skin, blood vessels, and other tissues. Meat products may be fresh, cured, smoked, or cooked, and they may also contain additional ingredients like salt, sugar, preservatives, and flavorings. Examples of meat products include beef jerky, bacon, sausages, hot dogs, and canned meats.

Wild animals are those species of animals that are not domesticated or tamed by humans and live in their natural habitats without regular human intervention. They can include a wide variety of species, ranging from mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, to insects and other invertebrates.

Wild animals are adapted to survive in specific environments and have behaviors, physical traits, and social structures that enable them to find food, shelter, and mates. They can be found in various habitats such as forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, rivers, and mountains. Some wild animals may come into contact with human populations, particularly in urban areas where their natural habitats have been destroyed or fragmented.

It is important to note that the term "wild" does not necessarily mean that an animal is aggressive or dangerous. While some wild animals can be potentially harmful to humans if provoked or threatened, many are generally peaceful and prefer to avoid contact with people. However, it is essential to respect their natural behaviors and habitats and maintain a safe distance from them to prevent any potential conflicts or harm to either party.

'Sus scrofa' is the scientific name for the wild boar, a species of suid that is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa. It is not a medical term or concept. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those instead!

Mebendazole is a medication used to treat various types of worm infections, such as roundworm, whipworm, hookworm, and threadworm. It belongs to a class of drugs called anthelmintics, which work by preventing the worms from absorbing nutrients, leading to their eventual death and elimination from the body.

Mebendazole is available in various forms, including tablets, chewable tablets, and suspensions. It is usually taken as a single dose or for several days, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated.

It's important to note that mebendazole is not effective against all types of worm infections, so it should only be used under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional. Additionally, while taking mebendazole, it's recommended to maintain good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contaminated food or water, to prevent reinfection.

A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.

Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.

Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Industry" is not a term that has a medical definition. The food industry is a broad category that includes businesses involved in the production, processing, packaging, distribution, and sale of food products. This can include farms, fisheries, manufacturers of food products, grocery stores, restaurants, and more.

If you have any questions related to nutrition or dietary habits and their impact on health, I would be happy to help provide information based on medical knowledge.

Food contamination is the presence of harmful microorganisms, chemicals, or foreign substances in food or water that can cause illness or injury to individuals who consume it. This can occur at any stage during production, processing, storage, or preparation of food, and can result from various sources such as:

1. Biological contamination: This includes the presence of harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can cause foodborne illnesses. Examples include Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, and norovirus.

2. Chemical contamination: This involves the introduction of hazardous chemicals into food, which may occur due to poor handling practices, improper storage, or exposure to environmental pollutants. Common sources of chemical contamination include pesticides, cleaning solvents, heavy metals, and natural toxins produced by certain plants or fungi.

3. Physical contamination: This refers to the presence of foreign objects in food, such as glass, plastic, hair, or insects, which can pose a choking hazard or introduce harmful substances into the body.

Preventing food contamination is crucial for ensuring food safety and protecting public health. Proper hygiene practices, temperature control, separation of raw and cooked foods, and regular inspections are essential measures to minimize the risk of food contamination.

Albendazole is an antiparasitic medication used to treat a variety of parasitic infections, including neurocysticercosis (a tapeworm infection that affects the brain), hydatid disease (a parasitic infection that can affect various organs), and other types of worm infestations such as pinworm, roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm infections.

Albendazole works by inhibiting the polymerization of beta-tubulin, a protein found in the microtubules of parasitic cells, which disrupts the parasite's ability to maintain its shape and move. This leads to the death of the parasite and elimination of the infection.

Albendazole is available in oral form and is typically taken two to three times a day with meals for several days or weeks, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Common side effects of albendazole include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but serious side effects may include liver damage, bone marrow suppression, and neurological problems.

It is important to note that albendazole should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects and interactions with other medications. Additionally, it is not effective against all types of parasitic infections, so proper diagnosis is essential before starting treatment.

Helminth antigens refer to the proteins or other molecules found on the surface or within helminth parasites that can stimulate an immune response in a host organism. Helminths are large, multicellular parasitic worms that can infect various tissues and organs in humans and animals, causing diseases such as schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and soil-transmitted helminthiases.

Helminth antigens can be recognized by the host's immune system as foreign invaders, leading to the activation of various immune cells and the production of antibodies. However, many helminths have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress the host's immune response, allowing them to establish long-term infections.

Studying helminth antigens is important for understanding the immunology of helminth infections and developing new strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Some researchers have also explored the potential therapeutic use of helminth antigens or whole helminths as a way to modulate the immune system and treat autoimmune diseases or allergies. However, more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these approaches.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

Anthelmintics are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. These medications work by either stunting the growth of the worms, paralyzing them, or killing them outright, allowing the body to expel the worms through normal bodily functions. Anthelmintics are commonly used to treat infections caused by roundworms, tapeworms, flukeworms, and hookworms. Examples of anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and ivermectin.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

A larva is a distinct stage in the life cycle of various insects, mites, and other arthropods during which they undergo significant metamorphosis before becoming adults. In a medical context, larvae are known for their role in certain parasitic infections. Specifically, some helminth (parasitic worm) species use larval forms to infect human hosts. These invasions may lead to conditions such as cutaneous larva migrans, visceral larva migrans, or gnathostomiasis, depending on the specific parasite involved and the location of the infection within the body.

The larval stage is characterized by its markedly different morphology and behavior compared to the adult form. Larvae often have a distinct appearance, featuring unsegmented bodies, simple sense organs, and undeveloped digestive systems. They are typically adapted for a specific mode of life, such as free-living or parasitic existence, and rely on external sources of nutrition for their development.

In the context of helminth infections, larvae may be transmitted to humans through various routes, including ingestion of contaminated food or water, direct skin contact with infective stages, or transmission via an intermediate host (such as a vector). Once inside the human body, these parasitic larvae can cause tissue damage and provoke immune responses, leading to the clinical manifestations of disease.

It is essential to distinguish between the medical definition of 'larva' and its broader usage in biology and zoology. In those fields, 'larva' refers to any juvenile form that undergoes metamorphosis before reaching adulthood, regardless of whether it is parasitic or not.

Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:

1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.

Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.

Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.

"International Commission on Trichinellosis". International Commission on Trichinellosis. Retrieved 2022-10-08. Trichinellosis: ... and clinical aspects of trichinellosis in humans and animals. The International Commission on Trichinellosis is the initiator ... the International Conferences on Trichinellosis. "International Commission on Trichinellosis , UIA Yearbook Profile , Union of ... International Commission on Trichinellosis (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Articles with short description, Short ...
"Trichinellosis". Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. 2004. Archived from the original on 2013-12-09. Retrieved 2007-04-17 ...
"Trichinellosis (Trichinosis)". nal.usda.gov. "Public Welfare Award". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original ...
Trichinellosis Fact Sheet , Division of Parasitic Diseases , CDC Senaste veckan Archived 2007-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, MMS ... This could lead to infections such as Escherichia coli, Trichinellosis or Streptococcus suis. According to the rating institute ...
Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis, is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork ... "Trichinellosis Fact Sheet". Centers for Disease Control, US Government. 2004. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. ...
"CDC - DPDx - Trichinellosis - index". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2017. ...
"CDC - DPDx - Trichinellosis - index". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-07-04. Retrieved 2015-07-25. Jongwutiwes ... "CDC - Trichinellosis - Prevention & Control". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-25. "CDC ... International Commission on trichinellosis web pages Archived 2007-08-23 at the Wayback Machine CDC Department of Parasitic ... "Trichinellosis Fact Sheet - Division of Parasitic Diseases". Centre for Disease Control, US Government. 2004. Archived from the ...
ISBN 978-0-631-19605-1. "Trichinellosis Associated with Bear Meat". Archived from the original on 30 September 2006. Retrieved ...
"Trichinellosis: Trichinellosis Information for Hunters". CDC. July 28, 2017. Wobeser, G.; Runge, W.; Stewart, R.R. (1983). " ...
Ribicich M, Gamble HR, Rosa A, Bolpe J, Franco A (September 2005). "Trichinellosis in Argentina: an historical review". Vet ... and proficiency sample programs in meat inspection for trichinellosis in Serbia". Vet Parasitol. 132 (1-2): 185-8. doi:10.1016/ ... "The need for implementation of International Commission on Trichinellosis recommendations, quality assurance standards, ...
One way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to a safe temperature (at least 145 °F, 63 °C internal temperature as ... "Parasites - Trichinellosis (also known as Trichinosis)". Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. 12 November 2019. (CS1 maint ... Trichinella is the genus of parasitic roundworms of the phylum Nematoda that cause trichinosis (also known as trichinellosis). ... The decreased incidence of trichinellosis in the United States has resulted from changes in pork industry management standards ...
Sharon L. Roy, M.D.; Adriana S. Lopez, M.H.S.; Peter M. Schantz, V.M.D., Ph.D. (2003-07-25). "Trichinellosis Surveillance --- ... Trichinosis (trichinellosis) is a disease caused by tissue-dwelling roundworms of the species Trichinella spiralis. In the ... The majority of the decline in reported trichinellosis cases is a result of improved observance of standards and regulations in ... During 1947 to 1951, a median of 393 human cases was reported annually, including 57 trichinellosis-related deaths. During 1997 ...
"Trichinellosis in the Imotska Krajina region". MESO: The First Croatian Meat Journal (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Zadružna ...
"Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2005) - Russia". www.trichinella.org. Archived from the original on 26 December 2008 ... "Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2004)". Trichinella.org. Archived from the original on 19 February 2009. Retrieved 25 ... "A survey of the current status of sylvatic trichinellosis in the Republic of Croatia" (PDF). Veterinarski Arhiv. 76 (7): S1-S8 ...
Bears killed by accident may be donated to needy people for their meat.[citation needed] There is some risk of trichinellosis ... "ProMED Summary of Trichinellosis Outbreaks (2001-2005)". Trichinella.org. Archived from the original on December 26, 2008. ... Retrieved August 16, 2009.[dead link] "An outbreak of trichinellosis due to consumption of bear meat infected with Trichinella ... Badger must be cooked thoroughly to avoid the risk of trichinellosis (alt. trichinosis, trichiniasis). Roadkill enthusiasts in ...
The dog plays a role in the spread of trichinellosis in only a few regions of the world. In China, the consumption of dog meat ... Z.Q. Wang et al.: The epidemiology of animal trichinellosis in China. In: Vet. J. 173. (2007), pp. 243-244. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl. ... J. Cui und Z.Q. Wang: Outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by consumption of dog meat in China. In: Parasite 8 (2001), ... The Merck Veterinary Manual: Trichinellosis L. Oivanen et al.: The prevalence of Trichinella infection in domestic dogs in ...
... is a nematode parasite responsible for a zoonotic disease called trichinellosis, predominantly in Thailand. ... "Outbreak of Trichinellosis Caused byTrichinella papuae, Thailand, 2006". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (12): 1913-1915. doi: ...
This includes ascariasis, hookworm infections, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), trichostrongyliasis, and trichinellosis. It is ...
Dupouy-Camet, Jean (22 April 2002). "Editor's Correspondence: Trichinellosis Is Unlikely to Be Responsible for Mozart's Death ...
To prevent trichinellosis, an official European directive recommends the freezing of meat at −25 °C (−13 °F) for at least 10 ... Several outbreaks of human trichinellosis happened in the South of France or in the Piedmont region in Italy from 1993 to 2022 ... Thus according to the International Commission on Trichinellosis, meat should be heated at 65 °C (149 °F) for at least 1 minute ... Three cases of human trichinellosis due to T. britovi were reported in 2015 in the Southeast of France resulting from ...
November - A total of 538 people are infected in an outbreak of trichinellosis in Paris, Velizy, La Rochelle, and Coulommiers ... ISBN 1-85359-323-0. Dupouy-Camet, J.; Soulé, C.; Ancelle, T. (1994). "Recent news on trichinellosis: another outbreak due to ...
As American black bears can have trichinellosis, cooking temperatures need to be high in order to kill the parasites.[page ...
... trichinellosis, and African trypanosomiasis. Lipoproteins released from treatment of Treponema pallidum infections are believed ...
In dogs and cats symptoms of trichinellosis would include mild gastrointestinal upset (vomiting and diarrhea) and in rare cases ... Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine Trichinellosis fact sheet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Trichinellosis ...
Treft-Sanborn-Carey syndrome Tremor hereditary essential Treponema infection Trevor disease Triatrial heart Trichinellosis ...
... and ocular bruit Cluster headache Trichinellosis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Angioedema Acute glaucoma Panophthalmitis ...
Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections Chapter 227: Intestinal Nematode Infections Chapter 228: Filarial and ...
Trichinellosis Tuberculosis Tularemia Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus ...
Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is a disease that people can get by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals ... Article (AJTMH - August, 2012): Outbreak of Human Trichinellosis in Northern California Caused by Trichinella murrelliexternal ...
"International Commission on Trichinellosis". International Commission on Trichinellosis. Retrieved 2022-10-08. Trichinellosis: ... and clinical aspects of trichinellosis in humans and animals. The International Commission on Trichinellosis is the initiator ... the International Conferences on Trichinellosis. "International Commission on Trichinellosis , UIA Yearbook Profile , Union of ... International Commission on Trichinellosis (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Articles with short description, Short ...
encoded search term (Trichinosis (Trichinellosis)) and Trichinosis (Trichinellosis) What to Read Next on Medscape ... Trichinosis (Trichinellosis). Updated: Apr 07, 2023 * Author: Darvin Scott Smith, MD, MSc, DTM&H, FIDSA; Chief Editor: John L ... www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/resources/trichinellosis_surveillance_summary_2015.pdf). View Media Gallery ... www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/resources/trichinellosis_surveillance_summary_2015.pdf). View Media Gallery ...
One comment on "Trichinellosis: "Bearly" Cooked" Comments listed below are posted by individuals not associated with CDC, ... Trichinellosis: "Bearly" Cooked. Posted on May 7, 2009. by Alex da Silva ... See interesting life cycle here.] The human illness, trichinellosis, was once very common in the United States and was ... Proper cooking of meat dishes, especially dishes prepared with some types of game meats, will prevent trichinellosis. Meat ...
... -- Idaho, 1995 ... A case of trichinellosis was defined as 1) a Trichinella-positive muscle biopsy or positive serologic test for trichinellosis ... Outbreak of Trichinellosis Associated with Eating Cougar Jerky -- Idaho, 1995 MMWR 45(10);205-206 Publication date: 03/15/1996 ... Editorial Note: Since trichinellosis was designated a reportable condition in 1947, the number of cases reported annually by ...
The One Health Initiative is a movement to forge co-equal, all inclusive collaborations between physicians, osteopathic physicians, veterinarians, dentists, nurses, and other scientific-health and environmentally related disciplines.
Learn about the veterinary topic of Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) in Cats. Find specific details on this topic and related ... Also see professional content regarding trichinellosis Trichinellosis in Animals Trichinellosis is a zoonotic condition ... Preventing Trichinellosis (Trichinosis). Trichinosis is a parasitic disease caused by the growth of infective cysts in muscle ... Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease that can be transmitted to people. It is caused by a type of worm known as a nematode. ...
Trichinellosis was more common in the province Ratanakiri (p=0.001). Feeding food waste to. the pigs was identified as a risk ... and trichinellosis.. Positivity among the pigs was 11.2% (95% CI 7.5-15.8) for cysticercosis and 2.5% (95% CI. 0.9-5.4) for ... cysticercosis and trichinellosis. The results from this study can be used to guide future. interventions and studies to improve ... Cysticercosis and trichinellosis are two parasitic zoonoses that are prevalent among pigs in. Southeast Asia. The two diseases ...
Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis or trichiniasis (Trich from Greek thrix meaning hair), is an infection caused by ... encoded search term (Trichinellosis/Trichinosis) and Trichinellosis/Trichinosis What to Read Next on Medscape ... FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention, and Control of Trichinellosis. Trichinellosis.org. Available at http ... Dupouy-Camet J. Trichinellosis: still a concern for Europe. Euro Surveill. 2006. 11(1):5. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ...
Access Trichinellosis MMGs and related artifacts that are available for all public health reporting jurisdictions to use to ... Trichinellosis Message Mapping Guide Trichinellosis Message Mapping Guide Print Please find below message mapping guide ... Annotated Trichinellosis Case Report Form (06/11/2019). * Trichinellosis MMG Implementation Frequently Asked Questions v1 (10/ ... PHIN VADS link to the Trichinellosis Case Notification View v.3*. * Trichinellosis v1.0.3 Implementation Spreadsheet (10/18/ ...
Trichinellosis : proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Trichinellosis, September 1-5, 1980, Noordwijk aan Zee, ... By: (5th: International Conference on Trichinellosis (5th: Noordwijk aan Zee, Netherlands)Contributor(s): Kim, Charles W , ...
Tetanus; Toxic shock syndrome (other than Streptococcal); Trichinellosis; Tuberculosis; Tularemia. (18). Centers for Disease ... Tetanus; Toxic shock syndrome (other than Streptococcal); Trichinellosis; Tuberculosis; Tularemia" , no. 18 (2019). Centers for ... Tetanus; Toxic shock syndrome (other than Streptococcal); Trichinellosis; Tuberculosis; Tularemia" , no. 18, 2019. Export RIS ... Tetanus; Toxic shock syndrome (other than Streptococcal); Trichinellosis; Tuberculosis; Tularemia Corporate Authors(s) : ...
Trichinellosis, or trichinosis is a parasitic disease caused most commonly by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. If someone ... The Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Cambodia reports on an outbreak of trichinellosis in Chak Tav village, Meanrith ...
Trichinellosis distributes worldwide from arctic region through the tropics.. *Human trichinellosis in developed countries has ... Report of trichinellosis outbreak through game bear meat in Japan.. 海野友梨, 中本有美, & 深谷節子. (2017). 茨城県内で発生した旋毛虫による食中毒事例について. 茨城衛生研 ... The world-first report of trichinellosis originated from soft-shelled turtle was published in Japan in 2009 (but only in ... Trichinellosis
Trichinellosis (Trichinosis). Trichinosis (Trichinellosis). Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas Infection). Trichuriasis (Whipworm ...
Parasites - Trichinellosis (also known as Trichinosis). www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis/index.html. Updated September 29, ... Tissue nematodes including trichinellosis, dracunculiasis, filariasis, loiasis, and onchocerciasis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, ...
A quick tour of the years most important new studies and guidelines in pediatrics -- a must read for all pharmacists!
Dive into the research topics of An outbreak of trichinellosis by consumption of raw soft-shelled turtle meat in Korea. ... An outbreak of trichinellosis by consumption of raw soft-shelled turtle meat in Korea. ...
Hydatidosis, Cysticercosis and Trichinellosis.. Future Research. Bacteriophages have been shown by our group at the University ... Studies on Prevalence of Trichinellosis in Pigs and Wild Animals. Journal of Veterinary Public Health. 13(1), 15-18 ...
... to describe the changing epidemiology of trichinellosis; 3) to describe the clinical phases of trichinellosis; 4) to recommend ... Trichinellosis is now transmitted more often by the consumption of raw or undercooked wild and home-raised game meats, such as ... Today, trichinellosis is less often associated with consumption of T spiralis-infected commercial pork products in the United ... Historically, human trichinellosis was caused by Trichinella spiralis, the pork worm, and transmitted to humans by consumption ...
Trichinellosis. TSE (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy). Use-by date (UBD) and best-before date (BBD). ...
Trichinellosis. Food- and water-borne illnesses. Trichomoniasis. Sexually transmitted infections. Tuberculosis (TB, MTB, ...
Trichinellosis. Current week. Previous 52 weeks Max †. Cum YTD 2022 †. Cum YTD 2021 †. Current week. Previous 52 weeks Max †. ...
A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam. Parasit Vectors. 2017 Mar 21. 10 (1):150. [QxMD ...
Learn about the veterinary topic of Tetanus in Horses. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual.
Murrell K, Pozio E (2000) Trichinellosis: the zoonosis that wont go quietly. Int J Parasitol 30(12-13):1339-1349 ...
  • Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is a disease that people can get by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with the microscopic parasite Trichinella . (cdc.gov)
  • The epidemiology and systematics (i.e., the study of The search terms used were trichinosis, trichinellosis, the diversifi cation) of this zoonosis are now recognized trichinelliasis, and trichinella. (cdc.gov)
  • Trichinellosis, or trichinosis is a parasitic disease caused most commonly by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Trichinellosis (formerly trichinosis) is a parasitic infection caused by migrating larvae of Trichinella nematodes. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Eating uncooked bacon can expose you to bacteria as well as parasites and can cause either bacterial infections or trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, a parasitic infection. (interviewarea.com)
  • Trichinellosis, more commonly known as trichinosis, is a parasitic food-borne disease that is caused by eating raw or undercooked meats, particularly pork products infested with the larvae of a type of roundworm called Trichinella. (interviewarea.com)
  • Major clinical effects, according to 5,377 trichinellosis from pork infected with the muscle larvae well-described cases, were myalgia, diarrhea, fever, facial of Trichinella spiralis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Trichinellosis in Animals Trichinellosis is a zoonotic condition affecting mammals, including humans, birds and reptiles caused by infection with Trichinella sp. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Neghina R, Moldovan R, Marincu I, Calma CL, Neghina AM. The roots of evil: the amazing history of trichinellosis and Trichinella parasites. (medscape.com)
  • Since Trichinella infections often cause asymptomatic or mild disease and no serological tests with high performance is available, true epidemiology of human trichinellosis is thought still underestimated. (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Historically, human trichinellosis was caused by Trichinella spiralis, the pork worm, and transmitted to humans by consumption of undercooked domestic pork and pork containing products, especially sausage. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Pork that is infected with the larva of a worm called Trichinella can cause trichinellosis. (healthfully.com)
  • Trichinellosis is a worldwide food-borne zoonosis caused by helminth Trichinella spp. (cabi.org)
  • An example of this is trichinellosis caused by the wormlike creature Trichinella spiralis. (terrislittlehaven.com)
  • Background: The aim of Trichinella inspection is to reliably detect larvae in meat at levels which are capable of causing human trichinellosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • It aims to exchange information on the biology, physiopathology, epidemiology, immunology, and clinical aspects of trichinellosis in humans and animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pozio E. Trichinellosis in the European union: epidemiology, ecology and economic impact. (medscape.com)
  • Epidemiology, diagnosis and public health importance of Trichinellosis. (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Meat sources of infection for outbreaks of human trichinellosis. (vaccipedia.jp)
  • In August, Eurosurveillance published reports of two outbreaks of trichinellosis detected in 1998 in France and Italy and linked with horse meat imported from Yugoslavia. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • The International Commission on Trichinellosis is an international organization founded in 1958 in Budapest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The International Commission on Trichinellosis is the initiator and participant in organization of the International Conferences on Trichinellosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early days of the International Commission on Trichinellosis (1958-1972). (wikipedia.org)
  • Proper cooking of meat dishes, especially dishes prepared with some types of game meats, will prevent trichinellosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Although diagnosis before death in animals other than humans is rare, trichinellosis may be suspected if there is a history of eating either rodents, wildlife carcasses, or raw, infected meat. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Report of trichinellosis outbreak through game bear meat in Japan. (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Wilderness medicine clinicians should be prepared to advise hunters and the public on the risks of game meat-linked trichinellosis and on how to prevent its transmission. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Given the increasing prevalence of wild game meat-linked trichinellosis worldwide, clinicians should also be prepared to diagnose and treat trichinellosis to prevent complications and deaths. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Trichinellosis: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Trichinellosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Trichinellosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • 15th International Conference on Trichinellosis 26th - 30th August 2019 Cluj-Napoca, Romania : abstract book. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cysticercosis and trichinellosis are two parasitic zoonoses that are prevalent among pigs in Southeast Asia. (slu.se)
  • These factors could increase the risk for cysticercosis and trichinellosis in humans in Cambodia, but information regarding the prevalence in rural small-scale pig production is still very limited. (slu.se)
  • The objective was to determine the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis and trichinellosis in rural Cambodia, and to identify possible risk factors for both diseases. (slu.se)
  • Univariable statistical analyses were used to identify associations between potential risk factors and positivity for cysticercosis and trichinellosis. (slu.se)
  • Although the present study is relatively small,several risk factors could be identified for porcine cysticercosis and trichinellosis. (slu.se)
  • A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam. (medscape.com)
  • The world-first report of trichinellosis originated from soft-shelled turtle was published in Japan in 2009 (but only in Japanese and neglected from English literature). (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Between 2002 and 2007, 66 cases of trichinellosis were reported to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The human illness, trichinellosis , was once very common in the United States and was typically caused by eating undercooked pork. (cdc.gov)
  • Today, trichinellosis is less often associated with consumption of T spiralis-infected commercial pork products in the United States, Europe, and Asia due to hygienic advances in the domestic pork industry. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Murrell KD, Pozio E. Trichinellosis: the zoonosis that won't go quietly. (medscape.com)
  • Dupouy-Camet J. Trichinellosis: a worldwide zoonosis. (medscape.com)
  • Infections or intoxications due to microbiologically contaminated food (trichinellosis, salmonellosis, campylobacter infections etc. (who.int)
  • Feeding food waste to the pigs was identified as a risk factor for porcine trichinellosis (p=0.048). (slu.se)
  • have been found to be the causative agents of human trichinellosis, a disease that not only is a public health hazard by affecting human patients but also represents an economic problem in porcine animal production and food safety. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Guideline] Dupouy-Camet, Bruschi F. Management and Diagnosis of Human Trichinellosis. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, in Canada, reportable swine diseases include African swine fever (ASF), swine vesicular disease and trichinellosis. (albertapork.com)
  • Trichinellosis is now transmitted more often by the consumption of raw or undercooked wild and home-raised game meats, such as wild boar, bear, deer, moose, and walrus. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Persons who had received the jerky were educated by NCDHD on trichinellosis prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Prevention, and Control of Trichinellosis. (medscape.com)
  • It can take several months for the symptoms of trichinellosis to disappear completely 3 . (healthfully.com)
  • Bacterial infections and trichinellosis can both cause gastrointestinal symptoms. (interviewarea.com)
  • Human trichinellosis in developed countries has been dramatically decreased due to improvement of farming and slaughtering of domestic pigs and shrinkage of backyard pig farming in private facilities. (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Only adherence to hygienic practices when preparing wild game meats and cooking wild game meats to recommended internal temperatures can prevent the human transmission of trichinellosis. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • or 2) either a positive serologic test for trichinellosis or eosinophilia, fever, myalgia, and/or periorbital edema in a person who had eaten the cougar jerky. (cdc.gov)
  • Trichinellosis distributes worldwide from arctic region through the tropics . (vaccipedia.jp)
  • Worldwide, an estimated 10,000 cases of trichinellosis occur every year. (interviewarea.com)
  • Editorial Note: Since trichinellosis was designated a reportable condition in 1947, the number of cases reported annually by state health departments has declined from an average of 400 cases per year in the late 1940s to 32 cases in 1994 (1,2). (cdc.gov)
  • Trichinellosis was more common in the province Ratanakiri (p=0.001). (slu.se)
  • van Knapen F. Control of trichinellosis by inspection and farm management practices. (medscape.com)
  • Based on these findings, trichinellosis was suspected, and he was referred to an infectious disease consultant. (cdc.gov)
  • Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease that can be transmitted to people. (msdvetmanual.com)