Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.
Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.
A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.
Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.
Metastatic breast cancer characterized by EDEMA and ERYTHEMA of the affected breast due to LYMPHATIC METASTASIS and eventual obstruction of LYMPHATIC VESSELS by the cancer cells.
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.
In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.
A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-16 or KERATIN-17 in rapidly proliferating squamous epithelial tissue. Mutations in gene for keratin-6A and keratin-6B have been associated with PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 1 and PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA, TYPE 2 respectively.
In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.
Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.
All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taiwan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in East Asia. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help with those!
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
A tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) located on human CHROMOSOME 17 at locus 17q21. Mutations of this gene are associated with the formation of HEREDITARY BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER SYNDROME. It encodes a large nuclear protein that is a component of DNA repair pathways.
Pathological processes of the BREAST.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1205)

Potential prognostic tumor biomarkers in triple-negative breast carcinoma. (1/78)

Triple-negative (TN) carcinoma is a molecular subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2. It is a heterogeneous disease, not only on the molecular level, but also on the pathologic and clinical aspects. TN tumors can be further classified into two subtypes: basal-like, defined as expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 by immunohistochemistry, and non-basal-like; the majority of TN tumors are basal-like. TN tumors usually have a more aggressive behaviour and poorer outcome compared with non-TN breast cancers, and lack molecular targets commonly used in targeted therapy, making this group of tumors difficult to treat. Developing novel, effective treatment strategies for these tumors is crucial for improving their prognosis. This review describes a recent study series on prognostic and predictive values of tumor biomarker susing in TN breast cancer patients. TN tumors are associated with significantly higher expression of Ki67 and p53 compared to non-TN tumors. Hormone receptor negativity rather than HER-2 negativity is associated with the increased Ki67 and p53 expression in TN tumors. Furthermore, high expression level of Ki67 (>10%) but not p53, is significantly associated with nodal metastasis in TN tumors, indicating that Ki67 has better prognostic value than p53. TN tumors with distant metastases are significantly associated with lower expression of androgen receptor (AR) as compared to those with only loco-regional disease; there is a significant negative correlation between AR and Ki67 expressions among AR expressing TN tumors. Basal-like subtype TN tumors with nodal and distant metastases are associated with significantly higher intratumoral expression of EGFR and CK5/6 as compared to those without metastases. Therefore, increased EGFR and CK5/6 intratumoral expression and decreased AR intratumoral expression, rather than the frequency of their expression, may play a role in the development of metastases and may be predictive of metastatic disease in TN breast cancer patients. Anti-EGFR and anti-AR targeted therapies may provide potential treatment options for TN carcinomas, especially those tumors not responding to chemotherapy.  (+info)

Docetaxel-cisplatin might be superior to docetaxel-capecitabine in the first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. (2/78)

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The tyrosine kinase inhibitor E-3810 combined with paclitaxel inhibits the growth of advanced-stage triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. (3/78)

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Radiotherapy can improve the disease-free survival rate in triple-negative breast cancer patients with T1-T2 disease and one to three positive lymph nodes after mastectomy. (4/78)

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Triple-negative breast cancer: multipronged approach, single-arm pilot phase II study. (5/78)

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Upregulation of miRNA-155 promotes tumour angiogenesis by targeting VHL and is associated with poor prognosis and triple-negative breast cancer. (6/78)

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Ink4a/Arf(-/-) and HRAS(G12V) transform mouse mammary cells into triple-negative breast cancer containing tumorigenic CD49f(-) quiescent cells. (7/78)

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Comparison of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer defined by morphology, immunohistochemistry and transcriptional profiles. (8/78)

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Triple-negative breast neoplasm is a type of breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). These receptors are proteins found within or on the surface of cancer cells that can receive signals that promote growth. Because triple-negative breast cancers lack these receptors, common treatments like hormone therapy and HER2-targeted therapies are not effective.

Triple-negative breast neoplasms tend to be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer, with a higher risk of recurrence within the first few years after diagnosis. They also have a poorer prognosis compared to other breast cancers. Treatment typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

It is important to note that while triple-negative breast neoplasms are more challenging to treat, ongoing research is focused on finding new targeted therapies for this type of cancer.

Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the breast tissue that can be benign or malignant. Benign breast neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors or growths, while malignant breast neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

Breast neoplasms can arise from different types of cells in the breast, including milk ducts, milk sacs (lobules), or connective tissue. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast and nearby structures.

Breast neoplasms are usually detected through screening methods such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI, or through self-examination or clinical examination. Treatment options for breast neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.

Progesterone receptors (PRs) are a type of nuclear receptor proteins that are expressed in the nucleus of certain cells and play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including the menstrual cycle, embryo implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy. These receptors bind to the steroid hormone progesterone, which is produced primarily in the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy.

Once progesterone binds to the PRs, it triggers a series of molecular events that lead to changes in gene expression, ultimately resulting in the modulation of various cellular functions. Progesterone receptors exist in two main isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, which differ in their size, structure, and transcriptional activity. Both isoforms are expressed in a variety of tissues, including the female reproductive tract, breast, brain, and bone.

Abnormalities in progesterone receptor expression or function have been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, breast cancer, and osteoporosis. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PR signaling is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders.

"ErbB-2" is also known as "HER2" or "human epidermal growth factor receptor 2." It is a type of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) found on the surface of some cells. ErbB-2 does not bind to any known ligands, but it can form heterodimers with other ErbB family members, such as ErbB-3 and ErbB-4, which do have identified ligands. When a ligand binds to one of these receptors, it causes a conformational change that allows the ErbB-2 receptor to become activated through transphosphorylation. This activation triggers a signaling cascade that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

Overexpression or amplification of the ERBB2 gene, which encodes the ErbB-2 protein, is observed in approximately 20-30% of breast cancers and is associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype and poorer prognosis. Therefore, ErbB-2 has become an important target for cancer therapy, and several drugs that target this receptor have been developed, including trastuzumab (Herceptin), lapatinib (Tykerb), and pertuzumab (Perjeta).

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a type of nuclear receptor protein that are expressed in various tissues and cells throughout the body. They play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and cellular responses to the hormone estrogen. There are two main subtypes of ERs, ERα and ERβ, which have distinct molecular structures, expression patterns, and functions.

ERs function as transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences called estrogen response elements (EREs) in the promoter regions of target genes. When estrogen binds to the ER, it causes a conformational change in the receptor that allows it to recruit co-activator proteins and initiate transcription of the target gene. This process can lead to a variety of cellular responses, including changes in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism.

Estrogen receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues, bone homeostasis, cardiovascular function, and cognitive function. They have also been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and osteoporosis. As a result, ERs are an important target for therapeutic interventions in these diseases.

Inflammatory Breast Neoplasm (IBN) is not exactly a type of breast cancer, but rather a clinical presentation of aggressive breast cancer that involves the skin and lymphatic vessels of the breast. It is characterized by rapid onset of symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and dimpling or ridging of the skin, creating an appearance similar to an orange peel (known as peau d'orange). These symptoms are caused by cancer cells blocking the lymphatic vessels in the breast skin.

It is important to note that IBN is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Due to its rapid progression and non-specific symptoms, it can often be misdiagnosed as an infection or mastitis, leading to delays in proper treatment. A definitive diagnosis of IBN is usually made through a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies (such as mammography and ultrasound), and biopsy. Treatment typically involves a multimodal approach, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.

Carcinoma, ductal, breast is a type of breast cancer that begins in the milk ducts (the tubes that carry milk from the lobules of the breast to the nipple). It is called "ductal" because it starts in the cells that line the milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma can be further classified as either non-invasive or invasive, based on whether the cancer cells are confined to the ducts or have spread beyond them into the surrounding breast tissue.

Non-invasive ductal carcinoma (also known as intraductal carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ) is a condition where abnormal cells have been found in the lining of the milk ducts, but they have not spread outside of the ducts. These cells have the potential to become invasive and spread to other parts of the breast or body if left untreated.

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a type of breast cancer that starts in a milk duct and then grows into the surrounding breast tissue. From there, it can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. IDC is the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases.

Symptoms of ductal carcinoma may include a lump or thickening in the breast, changes in the size or shape of the breast, dimpling or puckering of the skin on the breast, nipple discharge (especially if it is clear or bloody), and/or redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin. However, many cases of ductal carcinoma are detected through mammography before any symptoms develop.

Treatment for ductal carcinoma depends on several factors, including the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences. Treatment options may include surgery (such as a lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or targeted therapies.

The breast is the upper ventral region of the human body in females, which contains the mammary gland. The main function of the breast is to provide nutrition to infants through the production and secretion of milk, a process known as lactation. The breast is composed of fibrous connective tissue, adipose (fatty) tissue, and the mammary gland, which is made up of 15-20 lobes that are arranged in a radial pattern. Each lobe contains many smaller lobules, where milk is produced during lactation. The milk is then transported through a network of ducts to the nipple, where it can be expressed by the infant.

In addition to its role in lactation, the breast also has important endocrine and psychological functions. It contains receptors for hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which play a key role in sexual development and reproduction. The breast is also a source of sexual pleasure and can be an important symbol of femininity and motherhood.

It's worth noting that males also have breast tissue, although it is usually less developed than in females. Male breast tissue consists mainly of adipose tissue and does not typically contain functional mammary glands. However, some men may develop enlarged breast tissue due to conditions such as gynecomastia, which can be caused by hormonal imbalances or certain medications.

Breast neoplasms in males refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the male breast tissue. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). While breast cancer is much less common in men than in women, it can still occur and should be taken seriously.

The most common type of breast cancer in men is invasive ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and spreads to surrounding tissue. Other types of breast cancer that can occur in men include inflammatory breast cancer, lobular carcinoma, and Paget's disease of the nipple.

Risk factors for developing male breast cancer include age (most cases are diagnosed after age 60), family history of breast cancer, genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, radiation exposure, obesity, liver disease, and testicular conditions such as undescended testicles.

Symptoms of male breast neoplasms may include a painless lump in the breast tissue, skin changes such as dimpling or redness, nipple discharge, or a retracted nipple. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

Neoplasm grading is a system used by pathologists to classify the degree of abnormality in cells that make up a tumor (neoplasm). It provides an assessment of how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. The grade helps doctors predict the prognosis and determine the best treatment options.

Neoplasm grading typically involves evaluating certain cellular features under a microscope, such as:

1. Differentiation or degree of maturity: This refers to how closely the tumor cells resemble their normal counterparts in terms of size, shape, and organization. Well-differentiated tumors have cells that look more like normal cells and are usually slower growing. Poorly differentiated tumors have cells that appear very abnormal and tend to grow and spread more aggressively.

2. Mitotic count: This is the number of times the tumor cells divide (mitosis) within a given area. A higher mitotic count indicates a faster-growing tumor.

3. Necrosis: This refers to areas of dead tissue within the tumor. A significant amount of necrosis may suggest a more aggressive tumor.

Based on these and other factors, pathologists assign a grade to the tumor using a standardized system, such as the Bloom-Richardson or Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading systems for breast cancer or the Fuhrman grading system for kidney cancer. The grade usually consists of a number or a range (e.g., G1, G2, G3, or G4) or a combination of grades (e.g., low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade).

In general, higher-grade tumors have a worse prognosis than lower-grade tumors because they are more likely to grow quickly, invade surrounding tissues, and metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. However, neoplasm grading is just one aspect of cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Other factors, such as the stage of the disease, location of the tumor, patient's overall health, and specific molecular markers, are also considered when making treatment decisions.

A cell line that is derived from tumor cells and has been adapted to grow in culture. These cell lines are often used in research to study the characteristics of cancer cells, including their growth patterns, genetic changes, and responses to various treatments. They can be established from many different types of tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Once established, these cell lines can be grown and maintained indefinitely in the laboratory, allowing researchers to conduct experiments and studies that would not be feasible using primary tumor cells. It is important to note that tumor cell lines may not always accurately represent the behavior of the original tumor, as they can undergo genetic changes during their time in culture.

Tumor markers are substances that can be found in the body and their presence can indicate the presence of certain types of cancer or other conditions. Biological tumor markers refer to those substances that are produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to cancer or certain benign (non-cancerous) conditions. These markers can be found in various bodily fluids such as blood, urine, or tissue samples.

Examples of biological tumor markers include:

1. Proteins: Some tumor markers are proteins that are produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to the presence of cancer. For example, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells and in higher amounts by prostate cancer cells.
2. Genetic material: Tumor markers can also include genetic material such as DNA, RNA, or microRNA that are shed by cancer cells into bodily fluids. For example, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is genetic material from cancer cells that can be found in the bloodstream.
3. Metabolites: Tumor markers can also include metabolic products produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to cancer. For example, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that is released into the bloodstream when cancer cells break down glucose for energy.

It's important to note that tumor markers are not specific to cancer and can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions as well. Therefore, they should not be used alone to diagnose cancer but rather as a tool in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluations.

Neoplastic gene expression regulation refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and other molecules from genes in neoplastic cells, or cells that are part of a tumor or cancer. In a normal cell, gene expression is tightly regulated to ensure that the right genes are turned on or off at the right time. However, in cancer cells, this regulation can be disrupted, leading to the overexpression or underexpression of certain genes.

Neoplastic gene expression regulation can be affected by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and signals from the tumor microenvironment. These changes can lead to the activation of oncogenes (genes that promote cancer growth and development) or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (genes that prevent cancer).

Understanding neoplastic gene expression regulation is important for developing new therapies for cancer, as targeting specific genes or pathways involved in this process can help to inhibit cancer growth and progression.

Prognosis is a medical term that refers to the prediction of the likely outcome or course of a disease, including the chances of recovery or recurrence, based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. It is an important aspect of clinical decision-making and patient communication, as it helps doctors and patients make informed decisions about treatment options, set realistic expectations, and plan for future care.

Prognosis can be expressed in various ways, such as percentages, categories (e.g., good, fair, poor), or survival rates, depending on the nature of the disease and the available evidence. However, it is important to note that prognosis is not an exact science and may vary depending on individual factors, such as age, overall health status, and response to treatment. Therefore, it should be used as a guide rather than a definitive forecast.

Lymphatic metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant lymph nodes through the lymphatic system. It occurs when malignant cells break away from the original tumor, enter the lymphatic vessels, and travel to nearby or remote lymph nodes. Once there, these cancer cells can multiply and form new tumors, leading to further progression of the disease. Lymphatic metastasis is a common way for many types of cancer to spread and can have significant implications for prognosis and treatment strategies.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

Neoplasm staging is a systematic process used in medicine to describe the extent of spread of a cancer, including the size and location of the original (primary) tumor and whether it has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body. The most widely accepted system for this purpose is the TNM classification system developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC).

In this system, T stands for tumor, and it describes the size and extent of the primary tumor. N stands for nodes, and it indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes. M stands for metastasis, and it shows whether the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.

Each letter is followed by a number that provides more details about the extent of the disease. For example, a T1N0M0 cancer means that the primary tumor is small and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant sites. The higher the numbers, the more advanced the cancer.

Staging helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient and estimate the patient's prognosis. It is an essential tool for communication among members of the healthcare team and for comparing outcomes of treatments in clinical trials.

Keratin-6 is a specific type of keratin protein that is expressed in the epithelial tissues, including the skin and hair follicles. It is a member of the keratin family of intermediate filament proteins, which provide structural support to cells. There are several subtypes of Keratin-6 (A, B, C, and D), each with distinct functions and expression patterns.

Keratin-6A and -6B are expressed in response to injury or stress in the epithelial tissues, where they play a role in wound healing by promoting cell migration and proliferation. They have also been implicated in the development of certain skin disorders, such as psoriasis and epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Keratin-6C is primarily expressed in the hair follicles, where it helps to regulate the growth and structure of the hair shaft. Mutations in the gene encoding Keratin-6C have been associated with certain forms of hair loss, such as monilethrix and pili torti.

Keratin-6D is also expressed in the hair follicles, where it plays a role in maintaining the integrity of the hair shaft. Mutations in the gene encoding Keratin-6D have been linked to certain forms of wooly hair and hair loss.

A xenograft model antitumor assay is a type of preclinical cancer research study that involves transplanting human tumor cells or tissues into an immunodeficient mouse. This model allows researchers to study the effects of various treatments, such as drugs or immune therapies, on human tumors in a living organism.

In this assay, human tumor cells or tissues are implanted into the mouse, typically under the skin or in another organ, where they grow and form a tumor. Once the tumor has established, the mouse is treated with the experimental therapy, and the tumor's growth is monitored over time. The response of the tumor to the treatment is then assessed by measuring changes in tumor size or weight, as well as other parameters such as survival rate and metastasis.

Xenograft model antitumor assays are useful for evaluating the efficacy and safety of new cancer therapies before they are tested in human clinical trials. They provide valuable information on how the tumors respond to treatment, drug pharmacokinetics, and toxicity, which can help researchers optimize dosing regimens and identify potential side effects. However, it is important to note that xenograft models have limitations, such as differences in tumor biology between mice and humans, and may not always predict how well a therapy will work in human patients.

Antineoplastic agents are a class of drugs used to treat malignant neoplasms or cancer. These agents work by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, either by killing them or preventing their division and replication. Antineoplastic agents can be classified based on their mechanism of action, such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapy agents.

Alkylating agents work by adding alkyl groups to DNA, which can cause cross-linking of DNA strands and ultimately lead to cell death. Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic processes necessary for DNA synthesis and replication, while topoisomerase inhibitors prevent the relaxation of supercoiled DNA during replication. Mitotic inhibitors disrupt the normal functioning of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell division. Targeted therapy agents are designed to target specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells, such as mutated oncogenes or dysregulated signaling pathways.

It's important to note that antineoplastic agents can also affect normal cells and tissues, leading to various side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow function). Therefore, the use of these drugs requires careful monitoring and management of their potential adverse effects.

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a type of receptor found on the surface of many cells in the body, including those of the epidermis or outer layer of the skin. It is a transmembrane protein that has an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain.

EGFR plays a crucial role in various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. When EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) or other ligands bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR, it causes the receptor to dimerize and activate its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. This leads to the autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues on the receptor, which in turn recruits and activates various downstream signaling molecules, resulting in a cascade of intracellular signaling events that ultimately regulate gene expression and cell behavior.

Abnormal activation of EGFR has been implicated in several human diseases, including cancer. Overexpression or mutation of EGFR can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division, angiogenesis, and metastasis, making it an important target for cancer therapy.

"Nude mice" is a term used in the field of laboratory research to describe a strain of mice that have been genetically engineered to lack a functional immune system. Specifically, nude mice lack a thymus gland and have a mutation in the FOXN1 gene, which results in a failure to develop a mature T-cell population. This means that they are unable to mount an effective immune response against foreign substances or organisms.

The name "nude" refers to the fact that these mice also have a lack of functional hair follicles, resulting in a hairless or partially hairless phenotype. This feature is actually a secondary consequence of the same genetic mutation that causes their immune deficiency.

Nude mice are commonly used in research because their weakened immune system makes them an ideal host for transplanted tumors, tissues, and cells from other species, including humans. This allows researchers to study the behavior of these foreign substances in a living organism without the complication of an immune response. However, it's important to note that because nude mice lack a functional immune system, they must be kept in sterile conditions and are more susceptible to infection than normal mice.

Cell proliferation is the process by which cells increase in number, typically through the process of cell division. In the context of biology and medicine, it refers to the reproduction of cells that makes up living tissue, allowing growth, maintenance, and repair. It involves several stages including the transition from a phase of quiescence (G0 phase) to an active phase (G1 phase), DNA replication in the S phase, and mitosis or M phase, where the cell divides into two daughter cells.

Abnormal or uncontrolled cell proliferation is a characteristic feature of many diseases, including cancer, where deregulated cell cycle control leads to excessive and unregulated growth of cells, forming tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites in the body.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taiwan" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of an island nation located in East Asia. The official name of the country is the Republic of China (ROC). If you have any medical questions or inquiries, I would be happy to help answer those for you!

Gene expression profiling is a laboratory technique used to measure the activity (expression) of thousands of genes at once. This technique allows researchers and clinicians to identify which genes are turned on or off in a particular cell, tissue, or organism under specific conditions, such as during health, disease, development, or in response to various treatments.

The process typically involves isolating RNA from the cells or tissues of interest, converting it into complementary DNA (cDNA), and then using microarray or high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine which genes are expressed and at what levels. The resulting data can be used to identify patterns of gene expression that are associated with specific biological states or processes, providing valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

In recent years, gene expression profiling has become an essential tool in various fields, including cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, where it is used to identify biomarkers of disease, predict patient outcomes, and guide treatment decisions.

Medical survival rate is a statistical measure used to determine the percentage of patients who are still alive for a specific period of time after their diagnosis or treatment for a certain condition or disease. It is often expressed as a five-year survival rate, which refers to the proportion of people who are alive five years after their diagnosis. Survival rates can be affected by many factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age and overall health, the effectiveness of treatment, and other health conditions that the patient may have. It is important to note that survival rates are statistical estimates and do not necessarily predict an individual patient's prognosis.

BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) is a tumor suppressor gene that produces a protein involved in repairing damaged DNA and maintaining genetic stability. Mutations in the BRCA1 gene are associated with an increased risk of developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Inherited mutations in this gene account for about 5% of all breast cancers and about 10-15% of ovarian cancers. Women who have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene have a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer compared to women without mutations. The protein produced by the BRCA1 gene also interacts with other proteins to regulate cell growth and division, so its disruption can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

Breast diseases refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the breast tissue. These can be broadly categorized into non-cancerous and cancerous conditions.

Non-cancerous breast diseases include:

1. Fibrocystic breast changes: This is a common condition where the breast tissue becomes lumpy, tender, and sometimes painful. It is caused by hormonal changes and is most common in women aged 20 to 50.
2. Mastitis: This is an infection of the breast tissue, usually occurring in breastfeeding women. Symptoms include redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the affected area.
3. Breast abscess: This is a collection of pus in the breast tissue, often caused by bacterial infection. It can be painful and may require surgical drainage.
4. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors made up of glandular and fibrous tissue. They are usually round, firm, and mobile, and can be removed if they cause discomfort.
5. Intraductal papillomas: These are small, wart-like growths that occur in the milk ducts. They may cause nipple discharge, which can be bloody or clear.

Cancerous breast diseases include:

1. Breast cancer: This is a malignant tumor that starts in the breast tissue. It can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. There are several types of breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer.
2. Paget's disease of the nipple: This is a rare form of breast cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and areola. It can cause symptoms such as redness, itching, burning, and flaking of the nipple skin.
3. Phyllodes tumors: These are rare breast tumors that can be benign or malignant. They usually grow quickly and may require surgical removal.

It is important to note that not all breast lumps are cancerous, and many non-cancerous conditions can cause breast changes. However, any new or unusual breast symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out serious conditions such as breast cancer.

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, into an intracellular response. This involves a series of molecular events that transmit the signal from the cell surface to the interior of the cell, ultimately resulting in changes in gene expression, protein activity, or metabolism.

The process typically begins with the binding of the extracellular signal to a receptor located on the cell membrane. This binding event activates the receptor, which then triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling molecules, such as second messengers, protein kinases, and ion channels. These molecules amplify and propagate the signal, ultimately leading to the activation or inhibition of specific cellular responses.

Signal transduction pathways are highly regulated and can be modulated by various factors, including other signaling molecules, post-translational modifications, and feedback mechanisms. Dysregulation of these pathways has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

Carcinoma, lobular is a type of breast cancer that begins in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast. It can be either invasive or non-invasive (in situ). Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) occurs when the cancer cells break through the wall of the lobule and invade the surrounding breast tissue, and can potentially spread to other parts of the body. Non-invasive lobular carcinoma (LCIS), on the other hand, refers to the presence of abnormal cells within the lobule that have not invaded nearby breast tissue.

ILC is usually detected as a mass or thickening in the breast, and it may not cause any symptoms or show up on mammograms until it has grown quite large. It tends to grow more slowly than some other types of breast cancer, but it can still be serious and require extensive treatment. LCIS does not typically cause any symptoms and is usually found during a biopsy performed for another reason.

Treatment options for carcinoma, lobular depend on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or the development of new cancers.

miR-21 expression was associated with survival in 53 triple negative breast cancer patients. miR-21 can also be detected in ... it has been demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. miR-21 has ... a web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients". Breast Cancer ... August 2005). "MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer". Cancer Research. 65 (16): 7065-70. doi:10.1158/ ...
"Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype". Clinical ... Chu PG, Weiss LM (Jan 2002). "Expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in epithelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 509 cases ... Basal-like breast cancers tend to have poorer outcomes than other types of breast cancer due to a lack of targeted therapies. ... These breast cancers do not express human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 or receptors for estrogen or progesterone, making ...
"3D Functional Genomics Screens Identify CREBBP as a Targetable Driver in Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer". Cancer ... The World Health Organization (2019) classified papillary neoplasms (i.e. benign or cancerous tumors) of the breast into 5 ... Brogi E, Krystel-Whittemore M (January 2021). "Papillary neoplasms of the breast including upgrade rates and management of ... Tay TK, Tan PH (June 2021). "Papillary neoplasms of the breast-reviewing the spectrum". Modern Pathology. 34 (6): 1044-1061. ...
The chemotherapy regimens used to treat ICCB have included triple therapy with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil, ... ICCB tumor open spaces are PAS diastase stain-negative and their tumor cells do not express cKit but do express estrogen and ... "Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... Invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast (ICCB), also termed invasive cribriform carcinoma, is a rare type of breast cancer ...
This rare and aggressive form of breast cancer is characterized as being composed of a mixed group of neoplasms containing both ... Because MCB tumors are typically triple-negative, hormone therapy is not usually an option for treatment. This is directly ... treatment options are standard with other breast cancers. If the tumor is diagnosed early, breast-saving surgery could be an ... Böler DE, Kara H, Sağlıcan Y, Tokat F, Uras C (2016-08-01). "Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: A case series and review of ...
... triple negative breast carcinoma- A Case report with updated review of literature". Autopsy & Case Reports. 11: e2020227. doi: ... "Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms". Endocrine Pathology. 33 (1): 27-63. doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09707 ... Mammary secretory carcinoma (MSC), also termed secretory carcinoma of the breast, is a rare form of the breast cancers. MSC ... MSC is the most common form of breast cancer in children, representing 80% of childhood breast cancers, although it accounts ...
... per breast. The pre-procedure mammograms were negative for malignant neoplasms. In the 17-patient cohort, it was noted that two ... "Enhancing Patient Outcomes in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery using Triple Antibiotic Breast Irrigation: Six-year ... breast reduction, breast reconstruction, and liposuction of the breast. Nonetheless, detecting breast cancer is primary, and ... Breast augmentation via autologous fat grafts allows the oncological breast surgeon to consider conservative breast surgery ...
In women with metastatic breast cancer who do not have triple negative disease, there is little or no survival benefit and ... breast cancer metastasis neoplasm chemotherapy Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis Phyllodes tumour John's Hopkins. " ... advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast ... However, in women with metastatic triple negative breast cancer, there may be a moderate survival benefit from platinum-based ...
March 2008). "Comparison of triple-negative and estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast ... Lu-DOTATATE therapies for patients with metastatic/advanced neuroendocrine neoplasms and related malignancies making this the ... Breast Cancer Imaging I: Number 3, Breast Cancer Imaging II: Pet Clinics, Radiation Therapy Planning with PET: Number 2, Modern ... ISBN 978-0-323-44871-0. Sandip Basu; Rakesh Kumar; Abass Alavi (1 December 2009). Breast Cancer Imaging I: Number 3. W.B. ...
G1 and G2 neuroendocrine neoplasms are called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) - formerly called carcinoid tumours. G3 neoplasms ... Hindgut NETs are argentaffin negative and rarely secrete 5-HT, 5-HTP, or any other vasoactive peptides. Bone metastases are not ... Soga J, Osaka M, Yakuwa Y (2001). "Gut-endocrinomas (carcinoids and related endocrine variants) of the breast: an analysis of ... triple-phase study). While MRI is generally superior to CT, both for detection of the primary tumor and for evaluation of ...
About 0.3% of males and 11% of females have triple-negative breast cancer, i.e. do not have breast cancer cells that express ER ... 88.5%, respectively). However, men with breast cancer tend to have additional comorbidities including serious neoplasms and are ... Male breast cancer (MBC) is a cancer in males that originates in their breasts. Males account for less than 1% of new breast ... "Male breast cancer: a disease distinct from female breast cancer". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 173 (1): 37-48. doi: ...
"Novel role of PELP1 in regulating chemotherapy response in mutant p53-expressing triple negative breast cancer cells". Breast ... AR, PELP1 and Src form constitutive complexes in prostate neoplasms model cells that exhibit androgen independence. Cytoplasmic ... in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective study on 129 cases". BMC Cancer. 15: 699. doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1694-y. PMC ... "Significance of PELP1 in ER-negative breast cancer metastasis". Molecular Cancer Research. 10 (1): 25-33. doi:10.1158/1541-7786 ...
March 2017). "Syndecan-1 is a novel molecular marker for triple negative inflammatory breast cancer and modulates the cancer ... a plasma cell marker immunohistochemical profile in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms". American Journal of Clinical ... In breast cancer, syndecan-1 is up regulated and contributes to the cancer stem cell phenotype, which is linked to increased ... "Syndecan-1 modulates β-integrin-dependent and interleukin-6-dependent functions in breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and ...
The use of implants for breast reconstruction after breast cancer mastectomy appears to have no negative effect upon cancer- ... "Enhancing Patient Outcomes in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery using Triple Antibiotic Breast Irrigation: Six-year ... "The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms". Blood. 127 (20): 2375-2390. doi: ... Breast Breast augmentation (Augmentation mammoplasty) Breast enlargement supplements Breast reconstruction Breast reduction ...
"Quantitation of HDAC1 mRNA expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast*". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 94 (1): 11-6 ... These triple action of 'writing', 'reading' and 'erasing' establish the favorable local environment for transcriptional ... several more subunits of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have been found mutated in a wide range of neoplasms. ... "Dominant-negative SMARCA4 mutants alter the accessibility landscape of tissue-unrestricted enhancers". Nature Structural & ...
"High GPER expression in triple-negative breast cancer is linked to pro-metastatic pathways and predicts poor patient outcomes ... Immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analyses of neoplasms derived from a variety of tissues including but not limited to: ... "GPER functions as a tumor suppressor in triple-negative breast cancer cells". Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology ... Expression Correlates with Pro-Metastatic Pathways in ER-Negative Breast Cancer: A Bioinformatics Analysis". Cells. 9 (3): 622 ...
Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms are a broad group of pancreas tumors that have varying malignant potential. They are being ... Chronic pancreatitis appears to almost triple risk, and as with diabetes, new-onset pancreatitis may be a symptom of a tumor. ... breast, and lung. Surgery may be performed on the pancreas in such cases, whether in hope of a cure or to alleviate symptoms. ... which have significant negative side effects. Other symptoms or complications that can be treated with palliative surgery are ...
"Study With LDE225 in Combination With Docetaxel in Triple Negative (TN) Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) Patients (EDALINE)". ... Smo antagonist LDE225 represses tumor growth and prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of islet cell neoplasms". Annals ... "LDE225 in Treating Patients With Stage II-III Estrogen Receptor- and HER2-Negative Breast Cancer". ClinicalTrials.gov. National ... It has been investigated as a potential treatment for: Pancreatic cancer Breast cancer Basal cell carcinoma of the skin Small ...
... in advanced AR+ triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 33 (suppl): abstr 1003. doi:10.1200/jco. ... Approximately 96% of bicalutamide prescriptions were written for diagnosis codes that clearly indicated neoplasm. About 1,200, ... "Preclinical evaluation of the AR inhibitor enzalutamide in triple-negative breast cancer cells". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 23 ( ... Bicalutamide has been tested for the treatment of AR-positive ER/PR-negative locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer in ...
This was triple the amount for contaminated soil that by Japanese governmental orders should be sealed into concrete. According ... Small amounts of radioactive iodine were found in the breast milk of women living east of Tokyo. However, the levels were below ... Strategies that aim to reduce the incidence of the negative cultural stigma on mental health disorders in Japan should be ... Increased risk for thyroid neoplasm remains elevated for at least 40 years after exposure. Potassium iodide tablets prevent ...
Barry JA, Azizia MM, Hardiman PJ (1 September 2014). "Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ... triple or more[citation needed]. Women with PCOS have higher risk of multiple diseases including Infertility, type 2 diabetes ... which inhibit FSH via negative feedback). The syndrome acquired its most widely used name due to the common sign on ultrasound ... androgen-secreting neoplasms, and other pituitary or adrenal disorders, should be investigated. History-taking, specifically ...
As of 2015[update], the US rate is double the maternal mortality rate in Belgium or Canada, and more than triple the rate in ... In the CONCORD study, Cuba had the highest five-year relative survival rates for breast cancer and for colorectal cancer in ... In 2015, 267.18 deaths per 100,000 people were caused by cardiovascular diseases, 204.63 by neoplasms and 100.66 by ... for the poorer and sicker groups of people there were definitely negative effects. These patients were forced to forgo ...
The Pap test can be used as a screening test, but produces a false negative in up to 50% of cases of cervical cancer. Other ... Myung SK, Ju W, Kim SC, Kim H (October 2011). "Vitamin or antioxidant intake (or serum level) and risk of cervical neoplasm: a ... It is the second-most common cause of female-specific cancer after breast cancer, accounting for around 8% of both total cancer ... given assumptions with respect to the achievement of recommended prevention targets using triple-intervention strategies ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / genetics* * Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / metabolism * Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ... We further validate the model prediction by in vitro studies of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The ... using metabolomics and transcriptomics data from paired tumor and adjacent benign tissue samples from a cohort of breast cancer ...
Tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for patients with triple negative breast cancer.. 10/2015. Phase II study of ... Breast Neoplasms (Breast Cancer). 11/2015. Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab ... in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.. 8/2015. Phase II Study of Lapatinib in Combination With Trastuzumab ... Molecular Phenotype of Breast Cancer According to Time Since Last Pregnancy in a Large Cohort of Young Women.. ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 57% * spheroids Physics & Astronomy 56% ... and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer",. abstract = "Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most ... N2 - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted ... AB - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 49% * Breast Neoplasms 43% * Drug Therapy 40% * Emerging aspects of nanotoxicology in health ... Complement inhibitor CSMD1 acts as tumor suppressor in human breast cancer. Escudero-Esparza, A., Bartoschek, M., Gialeli, C., ... Complement inhibitor CSMD1 modulates epidermal growth factor receptor oncogenic signaling and sensitizes breast cancer cells to ...
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Neoplasms Triple Negative Breast Cancer Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Triple- ... Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Preferred Concept UI. M0583085. Scope Note. Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN ... ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Neoplasms Term UI T840443. Date04/15/2013. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2014) ... Neoplasms [C04] * Neoplasms by Site [C04.588] * Breast Neoplasms [C04.588.180] * Breast Carcinoma In Situ [C04.588.180.130] ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 63% * Neoplasms 50% * 5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-(5-fluoro-4-(7-fluoro-3- ... Experts boost activity of potential therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer. Benita S Katzenellenbogen & John A ... Jill Rose Award for Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, 1998. NIEHS Distinguished Lectureship, NIEHS ... in particular breast cancer, cells and tumors. We have a major interest in hormones and breast cancer and in mechanisms of ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms. *Retrospective Studies. *Prognosis. *Prevalence. *Oncology & Carcinogenesis. *Neoplasm ... "Prevalence of BRCA mutations among women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a genetic counseling cohort." Ann Surg ... "Prevalence of BRCA mutations among women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a genetic counseling cohort." Ann Surg ... Prevalence of BRCA mutations among women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a genetic counseling cohort.. Publication ...
This is a "connection" page, showing publications Heide Ford has written about Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms. ... Eya3 promotes breast tumor-associated immune suppression via threonine phosphatase-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. J Clin Invest. ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms. Carcinoma, Renal Cell. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck. Kidney Neoplasms. ... Neoplasms by Histologic Type. Neoplasms. Adenocarcinoma. Breast Neoplasms. Neoplasms by Site. Breast Diseases. Skin Diseases. ... in patients with advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), advanced/unresectable human papillomavirus-negative squamous ... Triple Negative Breast Cancer Renal Cell Cancer High Grade Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head ...
... particularly in more aggressive triple-negative and basal-like breast neoplasms. In addition, increased TILs have also been ... Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are correlated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer ... Molecular anatomy of breast cancer and its prognostic value in estrogen receptor-positive and -negative cancers ... In situ PD-L1 mRNA expression in breast cancer. In breast cancer samples, PD-L1 mRNA signal showed a similar dotted ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms. *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic. *Pyrimidines. *Oncology & Carcinogenesis ... Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy for which cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the backbone of ... Trilaciclib prior to gemcitabine plus carboplatin for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: phase III PRESERVE 2.. ... "Trilaciclib prior to gemcitabine plus carboplatin for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: phase III PRESERVE 2." Future ...
A randomized phase 2 study of neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without atezolizumab in triple negative breast ... npj Breast Cancer. 8, 1, 134.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ... Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 76% * Carboplatin 70% * Paclitaxel 63% * Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes 21% ...
EZH2 Protein Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study of ... Expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein in histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms with evidence for p-ERK1/2 ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 98% * Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) Medicine ... PRKCQ inhibition enhances chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating Bim. Byerly, J. H., Port, E. R. & ... I have a particular interest in better understanding triple negative breast cancers, with the goal of integrating genetic ... My research laboratory has identified several new candidate therapeutic targets for Her2+ and triple negative breast cancers ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis",. author = "Anika Nagelkerke and {van Kuijk}, {Simon J A} and Martens, {John W. M ... N2 - AIM: Here, we set out to establish whether endogenous γ-H2AX is a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer.METHODS: We ... AB - AIM: Here, we set out to establish whether endogenous γ-H2AX is a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer.METHODS: We ... abstract = "AIM: Here, we set out to establish whether endogenous γ-H2AX is a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer. ...
Hmga2 supports cancer hallmarks in triple-negative breast cancer. Mansoori, B., Terp, M. G., Mohammadi, A., Pedersen, C. B., ... Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 100% * Neoplasms 26% * Breast Neoplasms 22% * NF-kappa B 12% ... Lack of ADAM2, CALR3 and SAGE1 Cancer/Testis Antigen Expression in Lung and Breast Cancer. Maheswaran, E., Pedersen, C. B., ... PDX Models: A Versatile Tool for Studying the Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Breast Cancer. Gjerstorff, M. F., ...
Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 21% * Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 14% ... triple-negative breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the stem-like trait of MDA-231 cells is also attenuated upon depletion of ... triple-negative breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the stem-like trait of MDA-231 cells is also attenuated upon depletion of ... triple-negative breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the stem-like trait of MDA-231 cells is also attenuated upon depletion of ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ... in Combination With Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Triple Negative Breast Cancer With Either Phosphoinositide-3- ...
Skin Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Melanoma. Details ... Ovarian Neoplasms; Solid tumours; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; ... Esophageal Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Lung Neoplasms. ... Solid tumours; Ovarian Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Colorectal Neoplasms; ...
Breast neoplasms; Prophylactic mastectomy; Survival analysis; Triple negative breast neoplasms. Cite the Article:. Yang P, Chu ... Background: The effect of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM) on the survival rate of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer ( ... Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Improves Survival Only Marginally in Patients with Unilateral Triple-Negative Breast ... Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Improves Survival Only Marginally in Patients with Unilateral Triple-Negative Breast ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 61% * Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 46% ... Comparison of SP142 and 22C3 PD-L1 assays in a population-based cohort of triple-negative breast cancer patients in the context ... Proteogenomics decodes the evolution of human ipsilateral breast cancer. De Marchi, T., Pyl, P. T., Sjöström, M., Reinsbach, S ... Engineering Health Crossroads workshop: EH-DDH & LUCC-Breast Frida Sandberg (Organiser), Lao Saal (Organiser), Sara Alkner ( ...
Breast Neoplasms 38% * Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 24% * Neoplasms 19% * Growth 15% ... Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer. ... Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer. Together they ...
Breast Neoplasms 64% * Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 48% * G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints 27% ... Dive into the research topics of Quantitative proteomics reveals middle infrared radiation-interfered networks in breast ... Quantitative proteomics reveals middle infrared radiation-interfered networks in breast cancer cells. ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms 16% * RNA Stability 15% * 3 Untranslated Regions 14% ... Dive into the research topics of Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian ... Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus. ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms *Pretraži slične. Testicular Neoplasms *Pretraži slične. Tumor Microenvironment *Pretraži ... Understanding of triple-negative breast cancer biology and its interaction with the microenvironment, along with correlations ... We proved that the presence of primary LA has a prognostic significance in the triple negative breast cancer, so identification ... Prognostic value of testicular cancer antigen expression and tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancers. ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Melanoma; Interleukin-2; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Obesity; Diet; Receptors, Cell ... Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis; Breast Neoplasms; Organ Sparing Treatments; Fertility Preservation; Clergy; ...
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Uterine Neoplasms. ... Breast Neoplasms; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ... Solid tumours; Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms. Details GNC-035 quadr-specific antibody(baili). GNC-035. Phase 1 ... Hematologic Neoplasms; Solid tumours; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Precursor Cell ...
  • Speaking about the promise of liquid biopsies in breast cancer, Sarah-Jane Dawson, the PhD group leader of the Cancer Therapeutics Program at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia, said she didn't think that ctDNA would replace tissue biopsies, but tissue biopsies clearly have limitations that include being invasive and difficult to perform serially. (medscape.com)
  • We further validate the model prediction by in vitro studies of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. (nih.gov)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted therapy available, is characterized by an inflammatory and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Prevalence of BRCA mutations among women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in a genetic counseling cohort. (duke.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Revised NCCN guidelines recommend that women ≤60 years with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) be referred for consideration of genetic counseling. (duke.edu)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy for which cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the backbone of treatment. (duke.edu)
  • The effect of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM) on the survival rate of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients is still controversial. (clinicsinoncology.com)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which do not express genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2/neu, develop highly aggressive and metastatic tumors resistant to chemo- and hormonal therapies. (ewha.ac.kr)
  • Identifying triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients expected to have poor outcomes provides an opportunity to enhance clinical management. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Welcome to Medscape's InDiscussion series on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (medscape.com)
  • METHODS: We explored the association of γ-H2AX with mutation status and sensitivity to 139 different anticancer drugs in up to 41 breast cancer cell lines. (rug.nl)
  • abstract = "AIM: Here, we set out to establish whether endogenous γ-H2AX is a biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer.METHODS: We explored the association of γ-H2AX with mutation status and sensitivity to 139 different anticancer drugs in up to 41 breast cancer cell lines. (rug.nl)
  • We also have 1 year of olaparib in the adjuvant setting for patients with germline BRCA mutation and high-risk breast features. (medscape.com)
  • Local Therapy Decision-Making and Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Young Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • The World Health Organization (2019) classified papillary neoplasms (i.e. benign or cancerous tumors) of the breast into 5 types: intraductal papilloma, papillary ductal carcinoma in situ (PDCIS), encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC), solid-papillary carcinoma (SPC), and invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Our studies involve detailed biochemical and structure-function analyses of the receptors (and of mutant receptor forms) and coregulators and their gene interactions, and examination of their biological activities in normal and cancer, in particular breast cancer, cells and tumors. (illinois.edu)
  • I have a particular interest in better understanding triple negative breast cancers, with the goal of integrating genetic analysis to the development of improved treatments for our patients. (mssm.edu)
  • My research laboratory has identified several new candidate therapeutic targets for Her2+ and triple negative breast cancers resistant to current treatments, and we are working to translate our findings to clinical studies and trials. (mssm.edu)
  • Papillary carcinomas of the breast (PCB), also termed malignant papillary carcinomas of the breast, are rare forms of the breast cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are a clinically, histologically, and biologically heterogeneous group of breast cancers that are often difficult to distinguish from each other as well as from other papillary breast lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple KAs should raise suspicion of Muir-Torre syndrome, a genodermatosis with a defect in the MSH mismatch repair gene that is associated with sebaceous neoplasms and gastrointestinal cancers. (medscape.com)
  • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breast Cancer Survival: Mediating Effect of Tumor Characteristics and Sociodemographic and Treatment Factors. (curehunter.com)
  • TNBCs are associated with high recurrence rates, rapid metastases, poor survival, and in- creased mortality compared with other histologic breast cancer subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite methodological differences, findings evidence that although IBC presents particular features (lower survival rate and worse prognostics than most types of breast cancer), very few studies examine its epidemiology and specific risk factors in depth and use any other therapeutic approaches than those commonly used for other breast cancer subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
  • With an average survival rate of three years, IBC accounts for about 2.5% of all breast cancer types in the US. (bvsalud.org)
  • miR-21 expression was associated with survival in 53 triple negative breast cancer patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Title : Heterogeneity of breast cancer subtypes and survival among Hispanic women with invasive breast cancer in California Personal Author(s) : Banegas, Matthew P.;Tao, Li;Altekruse, Sean;Anderson, William F.;John, Esther M.;Clarke, Christina A.;Gomez, Scarlett L. (cdc.gov)
  • Phase II Study of Lapatinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Value of Early [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging (TBCRC 003). (curehunter.com)
  • We verify the model prediction using metabolomics and transcriptomics data from paired tumor and adjacent benign tissue samples from a cohort of breast cancer patients and RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. (nih.gov)
  • intraductal papilloma is a benign neoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratoacanthomas (KAs) are benign cutaneous neoplasms that occur in elderly patients who are frequently exposed to the sun. (medscape.com)
  • The emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • For breast cancer, we started off really quickly developing PARP inhibitors, and we got a little waylaid early on with one of the earliest PARP inhibitors, iniparib, and it really slowed things a little bit. (medscape.com)
  • There are also certain genetic changes that can raise your risk of breast cancer, including changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • inflammatory breast neoplasms, medical oncology. (bvsalud.org)
  • IBC may be diagnosed by an imaging test and by a breast biopsy of an invasive cancer 7 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In the past 5 years, there has been an explosion of breast cancer research on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), fueled by the idea that ctDNA may provide a liquid biopsy alternative to tissue biopsies. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with advanced disease, it's impossible to biopsy every single site of the disease," she said at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) last December. (medscape.com)
  • INTRODUCTION: More than 70 common alleles are known to be involved in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility, and several exhibit significant heterogeneity in their associations with different BC subtypes. (lu.se)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Differences in associations of common BC susceptibility alleles between BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers and the general population are explained to a large extent by differences in the prevalence of ER-positive and ER-negative tumors. (lu.se)
  • In breast cancer patients γ-H2AX is also related to shorter telomeres, which was in turn associated with poorer prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients. (rug.nl)
  • Paget's disease of the breast , which is a cancer involving the skin of the nipple. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Breast cancer is the most common and costly disease in Lebanon, but data on cancer stage and mortality are scarce. (who.int)
  • In breast cancer, the clinical applications of ctDNA are potentially wide-ranging and include screening or early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognostication, monitoring response to neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, detection of minimal residual disease (MRD), and molecular profiling and monitoring clonal evolution in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (medscape.com)
  • Dawson highlighted a study that followed a single patient with metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2- positive breast cancer receiving two lines of targeted therapy over 3 years. (medscape.com)
  • However, it still lacks information on cancer staging per 100 000 women (6) - and the seventh highest breast and mortality. (who.int)
  • Randomized Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Once Per Week Compared With Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Nab-Paclitaxel Once Per Week or Ixabepilone With Bevacizumab As First-Line Chemotherapy for Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer: CALGB 40502/NCCTG N063H (Alliance). (curehunter.com)
  • Additionally, it has been demonstrated as an independent prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predictive and prognostic value of EPIC1 in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Single-Cell Dynamics Determines Response to CDK4/6 Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • Homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency and PARP inhibition activity in primary triple negative breast cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • I hadn't thought about that initial experience with PARP inhibition in breast cancer. (medscape.com)
  • This is a systematic review of studies in the PubMed database to April 2013, which fit the eligibility criterion of "Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms" (MeSH Terms), filtered by Languages (English OR Portuguese OR Spanish). (bvsalud.org)
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) in patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer: incidence and risk factors. (curehunter.com)
  • Tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for patients with triple negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • Variation in type of adjuvant chemotherapy received among patients with stage I breast cancer: A multi-institutional study. (curehunter.com)
  • Breast cancer that is caused by inherited genetic changes is called hereditary breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Today we're discussing hereditary breast cancer , genetic testing, and therapeutic implications with Dr Jennifer Litton. (medscape.com)
  • Evolving Role of Genomics in Genitourinary Neoplasms. (cdc.gov)
  • If your breast cancer cells have more HER2 than normal, they can grow more quickly and spread to other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For triple-negative and HER2, we see that is about a 2-month window, where hormone receptor-positive might be a little longer. (medscape.com)
  • Profilin-1 (Pfn1) is an important actin-regulatory protein that is downregulated in human breast cancer and when forcibly elevated, it suppresses the tumor-initiating ability of triple-negative breast cancer cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Besides genetics, your lifestyle and the environment can affect your risk of breast cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. (curehunter.com)
  • Phase II study of tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. (curehunter.com)
  • I am a medical oncologist specializing in the care of patients with breast cancer. (mssm.edu)
  • As a physician-scientist, I also lead a research laboratory that is focused on developing targeted therapies tailored for specific breast cancer subtypes and for individual patients. (mssm.edu)
  • CONCLUSION: Thus, endogenous γ-H2AX is associated with short telomeres, which might offer a specific target for therapy for triple-negative breast cancer patients. (rug.nl)
  • Results: A total of 350 patients were studied, of whom 61 (17.4%) presented the triple-negative immunophenotype. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ghanaian breast cancer patients tend to have an advanced stage distribution and relatively young age at diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The medical files of 3320 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients between 2012 and 2017 were reviewed. (who.int)
  • analysis of these tumors will provide insights into the genetic changes that determine sensitivity to specific targeted therapies for breast cancer. (mssm.edu)
  • The identification of PBS tumors may require the input of breast pathologists familiar with papillary lesions of the breast. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and very aggressive type of cancer that tends to develop at a younger age, compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare, although highly aggressive and lethal 3 type of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • What has been researched about inflammatory breast neoplasms? (bvsalud.org)
  • Inflammatory breast cancer , in which cancer cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This study aimed to assess the effect of mammography screening campaigns in reducing the breast cancer stage at diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Clinical trials of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. (uchicago.edu)
  • Elevated TILs (scores 2 and 3+) occurred in 16.5% on YTMA128 and 14.8% on YTMA201 and was associated with estrogen receptor-negative status ( P = 0.01 on YTMA128 and 0.0001 on YTMA201). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our goal was to correlate PD-L1 mRNA expression with clinical variables in primary breast carcinomas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • While clinical care focuses on the individual health, the public health policies aimed at breast cancer focus the attention on women from various countries. (bvsalud.org)
  • A physical exam, including a clinical breast exam (CBE). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dr Litton is a breast medical oncologist, professor, and vice president of Clinical Research at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: γ-H2AX positive breast cancer cells exhibit more mutations, and - when p53 mutated - have shorter telomeres. (rug.nl)
  • Further, we correlated γ-H2AX expression in breast cancer tumor tissues with telomere length.RESULTS: γ-H2AX positive breast cancer cells exhibit more mutations, and - when p53 mutated - have shorter telomeres. (rug.nl)
  • In this study, we demonstrate that Pfn1 overexpression reduces the stem-like phenotype (a key biologic feature associated with higher tumor-initiating potential) of MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) triple-negative breast cancer cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In MMTV:PyMT mouse model, homozygous but not heterozygous deletion of Pfn1 gene leads to severe genetic mosaicism and positive selection of Pfn1-proficient tumor cells further supporting the contention that a complete lack of Pfn1 is likely not conducive for efficient tumor initiation capability of breast cancer cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In summary, these findings suggest that the maintenance of optimal stemness and tumor-initiating ability of breast cancer cells requires a balanced expression of Pfn1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • If these tests show that you have breast cancer, you will have tests that study the cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Molecular Phenotype of Breast Cancer According to Time Since Last Pregnancy in a Large Cohort of Young Women. (curehunter.com)
  • If the cancer spreads outside the breast, the cancer is called "invasive. (medlineplus.gov)