A tumor-like mass resulting from the enlargement of a tuberculous lesion.
A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous granulation tissue that may occur in the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, brain stem, or perimeningeal spaces. Multiple lesions are quite common. Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, focal neurologic deficits, and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Spinal cord tuberculomas may be associated with localized or radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. Tuberculomas may arise as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS, but also occur in immunocompetent individuals.
Pathological conditions of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM caused by infection of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. Tuberculosis involvement may include the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)
Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)
Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
Infection of the LIVER with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. It is characterized by localized small tuberculous miliary lesions or tumor-like mass (TUBERCULOMA), and abnormalities in liver function tests.
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.
Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.
Osteitis or caries of the vertebrae, usually occurring as a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs.
A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)
A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITUITARY GLAND.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

Magnetization transfer MR imaging in CNS tuberculosis. (1/56)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CNS tuberculosis may simulate other granulomas and meningitis on MR images. The purpose of this study was to improve the characterization of lesions in CNS tuberculosis and to assess the disease load using magnetization transfer (MT) imaging. METHODS: A total of 107 tuberculomas in seven patients with or without meningitis and 15 patients with tuberculosis meningitis alone were studied. Fifteen patients with cysticercus granulomas with T2 hypointensity, five patients each with viral and pyogenic meningitis, and two patients with cryptococcal meningitis were also studied. The MT ratios were calculated from tuberculomas, cysticercus granulomas, and thickened meninges in tuberculous, viral, pyogenic, and cryptococcal meningitis and were compared within each pathologic group and with the MT ratio of different regions of normal brain parenchyma. Detectability of lesions on T1-weighted MT spin-echo (SE) images was compared with that on conventional SE and postcontrast MT-SE images. RESULTS: Thickened meninges appeared hyperintense relative to surrounding brain parenchyma in the basal and supratentorial cisterns on precontrast MT-SE images in all 18 patients with tuberculosis meningitis. These meninges were not seen or were barely visible on conventional SE images, and enhanced on postcontrast MT-SE images. The MT ratio from the thickened meninges of tuberculous meningitis was significantly lower than that from the meninges in cryptococcal and pyogenic disease and significantly higher than the meninges in viral meningoencephalitis. The MT ratio from T2 visible and invisible tuberculomas appeared to be significantly lower than that of normal white matter. The MT ratio of T2 hypointense cysticercus granuloma was significantly higher than that of T2 hypointense tuberculoma. CONCLUSION: Precontrast MT-SE imaging helps to better assess the disease load in CNS tuberculosis by improving the detectability of the lesions. With the use of MT ratios, it may be possible to differentiate tuberculosis from similar-appearing infective lesions on MR images.  (+info)

Tuberculoma in the Meckel's cave: a case report. (2/56)

A case of an intracranial tuberculoma located within the confines of the Meckel's cave is presented. The patient was young, non-immunocompromised and otherwise in good health. The granuloma mingled with the fibres of the trigeminal nerve. The lesion mimicked a trigeminal neurinoma in its clinical presentation, preoperative investigations and intraoperative consistency and vascularity. The rarity of the location and possible mode of transmission of infection to this site is discussed. The literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.  (+info)

Intraventricular tuberculous abscess: a case report. (3/56)

Ventricles can be involved in different ways in neurotuberculosis, however, the occurrence of intraventricular abscess has been rarely reported. We report a young woman who had intraventricular tubercular abscess. Cranial computed tomographic scan showed hypodense ring enhancing lesion in the right lateral ventricle with unilateral hydrocephalus. She underwent parasagittal craniotomy with total excision of the lesion. The pus obtained from the lesion was teeming with acid fast bacilli.  (+info)

Clinical and radiological features of South African patients with tuberculomas of the brain. (4/56)

Intracranial tuberculomas are a rare complication of tuberculosis that typically occurs in immunocompromised patients not treated previously for tuberculosis. We identified tuberculomas in 12 patients (11 of whom were infected with human immunodeficiency virus) at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Responses to antituberculous therapy were good, often despite the presence of large lesions, and surgery was not considered necessary in any of the patients.  (+info)

Neurocysticercosis like presentation in a case of CNS tuberculosis. (5/56)

A clinical picture consisting of seizures, multiple non-tender subcutaneous nodules, and multiple 'nodular or ring' enhancing lesions in computed tomography of the brain is considered characteristic of neurocysticercosis in an endemic area. 1,2 A case with a similar clinical picture, in whom serological tests and histopathological examination of subcutaneous nodule established tuberculosis as a cause, is presented.  (+info)

Composite pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma: report of a rare case. (6/56)

Tuberculous involvement of the pituitary gland is rare. We report a unique case of a composite lesion consisting of pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma. A 24-year-old lady presented with features of acromegaly and amenorrhea. Serum growth hormone levels were found to be raised. Radiological investigations were consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Decompression of the lesion was done through trans-sphenoidal approach. Histological examination revealed a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma in association with a granulomatous lesion suggesting of pituitary tuberculoma. No other evidence of tuberculosis was found in the brain or spinal cord. This type of dual pathology has been reported only once in the earlier literature.  (+info)

Differentiation of tuberculous from pyogenic brain abscesses with in vivo proton MR spectroscopy and magnetization transfer MR imaging. (7/56)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging features are nonspecific with respect to the causative organism for patients with brain abscesses. On the basis of the hypothesis that the biochemical environment depends on the infecting organism and might be different in tuberculous compared with pyogenic brain abscesses, this study attempted to determine whether pyogenic brain abscesses can be differentiated from tuberculous brain abscesses by use of magnetization transfer (MT) MR imaging and in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with a total of 33 pyogenic brain abscesses and three patients with a total of 12 tuberculous abscesses were evaluated with in vivo MR spectroscopy and MT MR imaging. The diagnosis in all cases was based on the culture of the causative organisms and histopathology whenever done as a part of clinical management. RESULTS: All 27 patients with pyogenic brain abscesses had lipid and lactate levels of 1.3 ppm and amino acid levels of 0.9 ppm with or without the presence of succinate, acetate, alanine, and glycine, while the three patients with tuberculous abscesses showed only such lipid and lactate levels. The MT ratio from the wall of the pyogenic abscesses was significantly higher (P <.001) than that from the tuberculous abscess wall. CONCLUSION: It might be possible to differentiate tuberculous abscesses from pyogenic abscesses by using MT MR imaging and in vivo MR spectroscopy, which could be of value in influencing the management of such cases.  (+info)

Suprasellar tuberculoma presenting with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism--a case report. (8/56)

Suprasellar tuberculomas are exceptionally rare and are even rarer in children. A case of suprasellar tuberculoma in a five year old male child who presented with diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism and visual field defect is described. Deranged CSF parameters, imaging findings of a suprasellar rounded, peripherally enhancing lesion with thickening of the pituitary stalk, led to an accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis. The patient responded well to antituberculous treatment and an unnecessary surgery was avoided.  (+info)

A tuberculoma is a granulomatous lesion in the brain caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically consists of caseating necrosis surrounded by a layer of epithelioid histiocytes, Langhans' giant cells, and lymphocytes. Tuberculomas can be single or multiple and may cause various neurological symptoms depending on their size and location. They are often associated with tuberculous meningitis but can also occur in immunocompromised individuals without obvious systemic infection.

A tuberculoma is a specific type of granulomatous lesion that occurs in the brain due to infection with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. This condition is relatively rare in developed countries but is still common in developing nations where tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent.

Intracranial tuberculomas are formed when M. tuberculosis bacteria spread through the bloodstream from a primary focus, usually in the lungs, and lodge in the brain tissue. The bacteria then multiply within the brain, leading to an inflammatory response characterized by the formation of granulomas. These granulomas consist of central caseous necrosis (cheese-like material) surrounded by a layer of epithelioid histiocytes, lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells.

Tuberculomas can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. They may be solitary or multiple and are often found near the surface of the brain, particularly in the cerebral cortex or meninges (the protective membranes surrounding the brain). The presence of intracranial tuberculomas can lead to various neurological symptoms, such as headaches, seizures, focal deficits, and cognitive impairment.

Diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas typically involves a combination of imaging techniques (such as CT or MRI scans) and laboratory tests (such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis and PCR for M. tuberculosis). Treatment usually consists of a prolonged course of anti-tuberculous medications, which can help to reduce the size of the lesions and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove or decompress large or symptomatic tuberculomas.

"Cardiovascular Tuberculosis" refers to a form of tuberculosis (TB) where the bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) infects the heart or the blood vessels. This is a less common manifestation of TB, but it can have serious consequences if left untreated.

In cardiovascular TB, the bacteria can cause inflammation and damage to the heart muscle (myocarditis), the sac surrounding the heart (pericarditis), or the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. This can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, and fever. In severe cases, it can cause heart failure or life-threatening arrhythmias.

Cardiovascular TB is usually treated with a combination of antibiotics that are effective against the TB bacteria. The treatment may last for several months to ensure that all the bacteria have been eliminated. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves or vessels. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes in patients with cardiovascular TB.

Meningeal tuberculosis, also known as Tuberculous meningitis, is a severe form of tuberculosis (TB) that affects the meninges, which are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which can spread through the bloodstream from a primary infection site in the lungs or elsewhere in the body.

In meningeal tuberculosis, the bacteria cause inflammation and thickening of the meninges, leading to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, and vasculitis. These conditions can result in various neurological symptoms such as headache, fever, stiff neck, altered mental status, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. If left untreated, meningeal tuberculosis can lead to severe complications, including brain damage, hydrocephalus, and even death.

Diagnosis of meningeal tuberculosis typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, imaging studies, and sometimes molecular or culture-based tests to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the CSF. Treatment usually involves a prolonged course of antibiotics specifically designed to target TB, such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, often administered for six to nine months or longer. In some cases, corticosteroids may also be used to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.

Central Nervous System (CNS) Tuberculosis is a specific form of tuberculosis (TB) that refers to the infection and inflammation caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the brain or spinal cord. The two most common forms of CNS tuberculosis are tuberculous meningitis and tuberculomas.

1. Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM): This is the most frequent form of CNS TB, characterized by the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meninges). The infection can lead to the formation of caseous lesions (granulomas), which may obstruct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and result in increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms often include headache, fever, altered mental status, neck stiffness, vomiting, and focal neurological deficits.
2. Tuberculomas: These are localized granulomatous lesions formed by the immune response to M. tuberculosis in the brain parenchyma. They can cause various neurological symptoms depending on their size and location, such as seizures, focal deficits, or increased intracranial pressure.

CNS TB is a severe manifestation of tuberculosis that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term neurological damage or even death. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies (CT or MRI scans) and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid obtained through lumbar puncture. Treatment usually consists of a prolonged course of multiple antituberculous drugs, along with corticosteroids to manage inflammation and prevent complications.

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which results from the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria outside the lungs. In ocular tuberculosis, these bacteria primarily affect the eye and its surrounding structures.

The most common form of OTB is tubercular uveitis, which involves inflammation of the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, and choroid). Other forms of OTB include:

* Tubercular conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane that covers the front part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.
* Tubercular keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea, the transparent outer layer at the front of the eye.
* Tubercular scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera, the white protective coating of the eye.
* Tubercular episcleritis: Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera.
* Tubercular dacryoadenitis: Inflammation of the lacrimal gland, which produces tears.
* Tubercular optic neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.

Diagnosis of OTB can be challenging due to its varied clinical presentations and the need for laboratory confirmation. A definitive diagnosis typically requires the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from ocular tissues or fluids, which may involve invasive procedures. In some cases, a presumptive diagnosis might be made based on clinical findings, epidemiological data, and response to anti-tuberculous therapy.

Treatment for OTB usually involves a standard anti-tuberculosis regimen consisting of multiple drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) for at least six months. Corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents might be used concomitantly to manage inflammation and prevent tissue damage. Close monitoring is essential to ensure treatment adherence, assess response to therapy, and detect potential side effects.

Hepatic tuberculosis (HTB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that involves the liver. It can occur as a result of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a primary site of infection, usually the lungs, through the bloodstream to the liver.

In hepatic tuberculosis, the liver may become enlarged and tender, and patients may experience symptoms such as fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and abdominal discomfort. Liver function tests may show elevated levels of certain enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).

Diagnosis of hepatic tuberculosis can be challenging, as the symptoms and laboratory findings are nonspecific. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may show evidence of liver involvement, but a definitive diagnosis usually requires histological examination of liver tissue obtained through biopsy.

Treatment of hepatic tuberculosis involves the use of multiple antituberculous drugs, typically including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment is usually at least six months, but may be longer in some cases. It is important to monitor liver function tests closely during treatment, as these medications can cause liver damage in some individuals.

Spinal cord diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the spinal cord, which is a part of the central nervous system responsible for transmitting messages between the brain and the rest of the body. These diseases can cause damage to the spinal cord, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, numbness, pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and difficulty with movement and coordination.

Spinal cord diseases can be congenital or acquired, and they can result from a variety of causes, including infections, injuries, tumors, degenerative conditions, autoimmune disorders, and genetic factors. Some examples of spinal cord diseases include multiple sclerosis, spina bifida, spinal cord injury, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

The treatment for spinal cord diseases varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment options may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, and rehabilitation. In some cases, the damage to the spinal cord may be irreversible, leading to permanent disability or paralysis.

Antitubercular agents, also known as anti-tuberculosis drugs or simply TB drugs, are a category of medications specifically used for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These drugs target various stages of the bacteria's growth and replication process to eradicate it from the body or prevent its spread.

There are several first-line antitubercular agents, including:

1. Isoniazid (INH): This is a bactericidal drug that inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is primarily active against actively growing bacilli.
2. Rifampin (RIF) or Rifampicin: A bactericidal drug that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing the transcription of genetic information into mRNA. This results in the interruption of protein synthesis and ultimately leads to the death of the bacteria.
3. Ethambutol (EMB): A bacteriostatic drug that inhibits the arabinosyl transferase enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of arabinan, a crucial component of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is primarily active against actively growing bacilli.
4. Pyrazinamide (PZA): A bactericidal drug that inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids and mycolic acids in the mycobacterial cell wall, particularly under acidic conditions. PZA is most effective during the initial phase of treatment when the bacteria are in a dormant or slow-growing state.

These first-line antitubercular agents are often used together in a combination therapy to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Treatment duration typically lasts for at least six months, with the initial phase consisting of daily doses of INH, RIF, EMB, and PZA for two months, followed by a continuation phase of INH and RIF for four months.

Second-line antitubercular agents are used when patients have drug-resistant TB or cannot tolerate first-line drugs. These include drugs like aminoglycosides (e.g., streptomycin, amikacin), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ofloxacin, moxifloxacin), and injectable bacteriostatic agents (e.g., capreomycin, ethionamide).

It is essential to closely monitor patients undergoing antitubercular therapy for potential side effects and ensure adherence to the treatment regimen to achieve optimal outcomes and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains.

Scleral diseases refer to conditions that affect the sclera, which is the tough, white outer coating of the eye. The sclera helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides protection for the internal structures. Scleral diseases can cause inflammation, degeneration, or thinning of the sclera, leading to potential vision loss or other complications. Some examples of scleral diseases include:

1. Scleritis: an inflammatory condition that causes pain, redness, and sensitivity in the affected area of the sclera. It can be associated with autoimmune disorders, infections, or trauma.
2. Episcleritis: a less severe form of inflammation that affects only the episclera, a thin layer of tissue overlying the sclera. Symptoms include redness and mild discomfort but typically no pain.
3. Pinguecula: a yellowish, raised deposit of protein and fat that forms on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the sclera. While not a disease itself, a pinguecula can cause irritation or discomfort and may progress to a more severe condition called a pterygium.
4. Pterygium: a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, potentially obstructing vision. It is often associated with prolonged sun exposure and can be removed surgically if it becomes problematic.
5. Scleral thinning or melting: a rare but serious condition where the sclera degenerates or liquefies, leading to potential perforation of the eye. This can occur due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or as a complication of certain surgical procedures.
6. Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS): a condition caused by the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which can lead to scarring and vision loss if it involves the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist or eye care professional if you experience any symptoms related to scleral diseases to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

Pituitary diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland is responsible for producing and secreting several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including growth and development, metabolism, stress response, and reproduction.

Pituitary diseases can be classified into two main categories:

1. Pituitary tumors: These are abnormal growths in or around the pituitary gland that can affect its function. Pituitary tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can vary in size. Some pituitary tumors produce excess hormones, leading to a variety of symptoms, while others may not produce any hormones but can still cause problems by compressing nearby structures in the brain.
2. Pituitary gland dysfunction: This refers to conditions that affect the normal function of the pituitary gland without the presence of a tumor. Examples include hypopituitarism, which is a condition characterized by decreased production of one or more pituitary hormones, and Sheehan's syndrome, which occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to severe blood loss during childbirth.

Symptoms of pituitary diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and the hormones that are affected. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, medication, or a combination of these approaches.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spine, also known as Pott's disease, is a specific form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that involves the vertebral column. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body, including the spine.

In Pott's disease, the infection leads to the destruction of the spongy bone (vertebral body) and the intervertebral disc space, resulting in vertebral collapse, kyphosis (hunchback deformity), and potential neurological complications due to spinal cord compression. Common symptoms include back pain, stiffness, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment with a multidrug antibiotic regimen are crucial to prevent long-term disability and further spread of the infection.

Pyrazinamide is an antituberculosis agent, a type of medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is an antimicrobial drug that works by inhibiting the growth of the bacterium. Pyrazinamide is often used in combination with other TB drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol.

The medical definition of Pyrazinamide is: a synthetic antituberculosis agent, C6H5N3O (a pyridine derivative), used in the treatment of tuberculosis, especially in combination with isoniazid and rifampin. It is converted in the body to its active form, pyrazinoic acid, which inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

It's important to note that Pyrazinamide should be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional and is usually prescribed for several months to ensure complete eradication of the TB bacteria. As with any medication, it can cause side effects, and individuals should report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

A meningioma is a type of slow-growing tumor that forms on the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It's usually benign, meaning it doesn't spread to other parts of the body, but it can still cause serious problems if it grows and presses on nearby tissues.

Meningiomas most commonly occur in adults, and are more common in women than men. They can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size, including headaches, seizures, vision or hearing problems, memory loss, and changes in personality or behavior. In some cases, they may not cause any symptoms at all and are discovered only during imaging tests for other conditions.

Treatment options for meningiomas include monitoring with regular imaging scans, surgery to remove the tumor, and radiation therapy to shrink or kill the tumor cells. The best treatment approach depends on factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and their personal preferences.

The Sella Turcica, also known as the Turkish saddle, is a depression or fossa in the sphenoid bone located at the base of the skull. It forms a housing for the pituitary gland, which is a small endocrine gland often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other glands and makes several essential hormones. The Sella Turcica has a saddle-like shape, with its anterior and posterior clinoids forming the front and back of the saddle, respectively. This region is of significant interest in neuroimaging and clinical settings, as various conditions such as pituitary tumors or other abnormalities may affect the size, shape, and integrity of the Sella Turcica.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Neurosurgical procedures are operations that are performed on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These procedures are typically carried out by neurosurgeons, who are medical doctors with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. Neurosurgical procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including traumatic injuries, tumors, aneurysms, vascular malformations, infections, degenerative diseases, and congenital abnormalities.

Some common types of neurosurgical procedures include:

* Craniotomy: A procedure in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to gain access to the brain. This type of procedure may be performed to remove a tumor, repair a blood vessel, or relieve pressure on the brain.
* Spinal fusion: A procedure in which two or more vertebrae in the spine are fused together using bone grafts and metal hardware. This is often done to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by degenerative conditions or spinal deformities.
* Microvascular decompression: A procedure in which a blood vessel that is causing pressure on a nerve is repositioned or removed. This type of procedure is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia, a condition that causes severe facial pain.
* Deep brain stimulation: A procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain and connected to a battery-operated device called a neurostimulator. The neurostimulator sends electrical impulses to the brain to help alleviate symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia.
* Stereotactic radiosurgery: A non-invasive procedure that uses focused beams of radiation to treat tumors, vascular malformations, and other abnormalities in the brain or spine. This type of procedure is often used for patients who are not good candidates for traditional surgery due to age, health status, or location of the lesion.

Neurosurgical procedures can be complex and require a high degree of skill and expertise. Patients considering neurosurgical treatment should consult with a qualified neurosurgeon to discuss their options and determine the best course of action for their individual situation.

Symptoms are based on the location of the tuberculoma. Small, scattered lesions may be asymptomatic. Intracranial tuberculomas ... In these areas, tuberculomas can account for between 30%-50% of intracranial masses. India and parts of Asia are two areas ... When intracranial pressure rises in the setting of tuberculoma, removal is considered a surgical emergency. Of patients with a ... In children with tuberculoma, CXR is often normal despite a positive TST/IGRA. Diagnosis of brain tuberculoma can be aided with ...
Central nervous system infections include tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculomas, and spinal tuberculous ...
Even more obscure diseases such as intracranial tuberculoma have been seen to cause onset of paroxysmal sympathetic ... Increased intracranial pressure is another theory. Currently, this theory seems to be less likely than the others. Intracranial ... Rare Manifestation of an Interpeduncular Tuberculoma". Pediatr Neurosurg. 47 (4): 275-278. doi:10.1159/000334276. PMID 22378546 ...
... tuberculoma MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.493.400 - tuberculoma, intracranial MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.516 - tuberculosis, ... tuberculoma, intracranial MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.570.600 - tuberculosis, meningeal MeSH C01.252.410.040.552.846.583 - ...
... tuberculoma, intracranial MeSH C10.228.228.180.850.800 - tuberculosis, meningeal MeSH C10.228.228.198 - central nervous system ... intracranial embolism and thrombosis MeSH C10.228.140.300.525.400 - intracranial embolism MeSH C10.228.140.300.525.425 - ... intracranial aneurysm MeSH C10.228.140.300.510.200.475 - intracranial arteriosclerosis MeSH C10.228.140.300.510.200.475.500 - ... intracranial thrombosis MeSH C10.228.140.300.525.669 - sinus thrombosis, intracranial MeSH C10.228.140.300.525.669.375 - ...
... s represent from 10% to 25% of all intracranial neoplasms and the estimated prevalence rate in the general ... The differential diagnosis includes pituitary tuberculoma, especially in developing countries and in immumocompromised patients ... Also, a pituitary adenoma can cause symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Prolactinomas often start to give symptoms ...
We report a case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma whose d … ... A case of intracranial tuberculoma followed by MRI]. Yonemura K ... In case of intracranial tuberculoma, the needle of CT-SBB may not penetrate the firm capsule of tuberculoma and only the ... A case of intracranial tuberculoma early diagnosed by open brain biopsy]. Nakamura H, Tanaka H, Ibayashi S, Fujishima M. ... We report a case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma whose diagnosis was not made by CT-SBB but by OBB. The patient is a 46- ...
Tuberculoma, Intracranial. Tuberculosis, Splenic. Ileum. Brain. Cerebellum. Spleen. Part of Book Pathological anatomy. ... Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, intracranial tuberculoma, splenic tuberculosis, shown in isolation, in 6 numbered illustrations ... Illustrations of the elementary forms of disease. » Gastrointestinal tuberculosis, intracranial tuberculoma, splenic ...
Paradoxical enlargement or development of intracranial tuberculomas during therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:1092-9. ...
Symptoms are based on the location of the tuberculoma. Small, scattered lesions may be asymptomatic. Intracranial tuberculomas ... In these areas, tuberculomas can account for between 30%-50% of intracranial masses. India and parts of Asia are two areas ... When intracranial pressure rises in the setting of tuberculoma, removal is considered a surgical emergency. Of patients with a ... In children with tuberculoma, CXR is often normal despite a positive TST/IGRA. Diagnosis of brain tuberculoma can be aided with ...
In Western countries, tuberculomas represent 0.5% of intracranial (IC) mass lesions, whereas in developing countries they ... Every intracranial tumor with malignant radiologic and clinical appearance must evoke a suspicion for tuberculoma ... Every intracranial tumor with malignant radiologic and clinical appearance must evoke a suspicion for tuberculoma. ... Diagnosis of tuberculoma is difficult because of its tumorlike aspects. This report describes the case of a male who displayed ...
5. Intracranial tuberculoma.. Zein TM; Fletcher PS; Mirghani ZM. Saudi Med J; 2000 Feb; 21(2):196-9. PubMed ID: 11533782. [TBL] ... 6. [A case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma diagnosed by open brain biopsy].. Sakuma R; Jin K; Nagai M; Kinpara T; Shiga Y ... Serial MRI findings of intracranial tuberculomas: a case report and review of the literature].. Tsugawa J; Inoue H; Tsuboi Y; ... 1. [A case of an intracranial tuberculoma, mimicking meningioma, that developed during treatment with anti-tuberculous agents]. ...
Paradoxical enlargement or development of intracranial tuberculomas during therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:1092-9. * Matthay ...
bunch of grapes sign (intracranial tuberculoma). *bunch of grapes sign (intraosseous hemangiomas) ... Prevalence of Intracranial Aneurysms in Patients with Aortic Aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4827 - Pubmed ... Most intracranial aneurysms are true aneurysms. The aneurysmal pouch is composed of thickened hyalinised intima with the ... intracranial hemorrhage * intra-axial hemorrhage *signs and formulas * ABC/2 (volume estimation) ...
bunch of grapes sign (intracranial tuberculoma). *bunch of grapes sign (intraosseous hemangiomas) ...
Authors should follow the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals formulated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).. The title and outline of the article will be agreed between the Editor and Contributor as will the length of the article.. The article will be scheduled to appear in a particular issue. However no guarantees, written or implied, can be given in this respect.. The contribution is non remunerable. There are no page charges for authors or their institutions.. The article will be sent to a peer reviewer, who may suggest amendments. The Editor also reserves the right to alter or amend the contribution. If this happens, we will return the article for reconsideration by the contributor and re-submission in its amended form.. The Editors decision will be final and binding. No undue correspondence will be entered into.. ...
3] Tuberculomas can also involve adjacent intracranial arteries, often causing vasculitis and resulting strokes. [4] Probable ... Dilemmas in the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial tuberculomas. J Neurol Sci. 2017 Oct 15. 381:256-264. [QxMD MEDLINE ... Nicolls DJ, King M, Holland D, Bala J, del Rio C. Intracranial tuberculomas developing while on therapy for pulmonary ... Brain CT and MRI findings in 100 consecutive patients with intracranial tuberculoma. J Neuroimaging. 2003 Jul. 13(3):240-7. [ ...
73 Teoh R, Humphries M J, OMahony G. Symptomatic intracranial tuberculoma developing during treatment of tuberculosis: a ... 119 Katchanov J, Siebert E, Klingebiel R, Endres M. Infectious vasculopathy of intracranial large- and medium-sized vessels in ... 162 Tipping B, de Villiers L, Candy S, Wainwright H. Stroke caused by human immunodeficiency virus-associated intracranial ...
Paradoxical enlargement of a preexisting tuberculoma or evolution of a new intracranial and spinal tuberculoma in patients ... Tuberculoma is the most common parenchymal lesion in CNS tuberculosis which could be found in any portion of the intracranial ... T. K. Kim, K. H. Chang, C. J. Kim, J. M. Goo, M. C. Kook, and M. H. Han, "Intracranial tuberculoma: comparison of MR with ... B. Afghani and J. M. Lieberman, "Paradoxical enlargement or development of intracranial tuberculomas during therapy: case ...
Vaish AK, Jain N, Gutch M, Yadav H. Pseudodementia due to intracranial tuberculomas: an unusual presentation. BMJ Case Rep. ...
Other exclusion criteria included alternative cause for intracranial calcifications or suspicion of tuberculomas, pyogenic ... The occurrence of acquired epilepsy or the syndrome of raised intracranial pressure in a person living in or visiting a region ...
Abscess, Tubercular, Intracranial Intracranial Tuberculoma Previous Indexing. Brain Diseases (1968-1991). Tuberculoma (1968- ... Tuberculoma [C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.493] * Tuberculoma, Intracranial [C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.493.400] ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ...
Abscess, Tubercular, Intracranial Intracranial Tuberculoma Previous Indexing. Brain Diseases (1968-1991). Tuberculoma (1968- ... Tuberculoma [C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.493] * Tuberculoma, Intracranial [C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.493.400] ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ...
75. Singh DK, Rastogi M, Sharma A, Husain M. Unilateral hydrocephalus: Atypical presentation of intracranial tuberculoma. Turk ...
Abscess, Tubercular, Intracranial. Intracranial Tuberculoma. Tree number(s):. C01.150.252.223.850.400. C01.150.252.410.040.552. ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ... Management of intracranial manifestations vary with lesion site. Intracranial tuberculomas may be associated with SEIZURES, ... Tuberculoma, Intracranial - Preferred Concept UI. M0025665. Scope note. A well-circumscribed mass composed of tuberculous ...
"Tuberculoma" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Tuberculoma" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Tuberculoma" by people in Profiles. ...
Imaging diagnosis-magnetic resonance imaging findings of an intracranial epidural tuberculoma in a dog. Fuente Hernandez, C. D ...
Intracranial tuberculomas or neurocysticercosis: differentiated by cervical lymph node pathology.. Sevda Diker, Derlen Özgeç ... read.qxmd.com/read/36248008/intracranial-tuberculomas-or-neurocysticercosis-differentiated-by-cervical-lymph-node-pathology ... BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of tuberculomas can be difficult in the absence of pulmonary involvement due to numerable mimics. CASE ...
Pediatric intracranial tuberculoma: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2023;6 (4):. doi: 10.3171/CASE23236. PubMed ...
Conditions mentioned include: tuberculoma; tuberculous meningitis; headache; vomiting; diplopia; numbness; and intracranial ... Conditions mentioned include: tuberculous meningitis; papilloedema; tuberculosis; pyrexia; tuberculoma; miliary tuberculosis; ...
Rohit Kumar G, Rattilal M, Neera S, Mayank S, Sourav S, Ankur M. Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Intracranial Tuberculoma ... Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Intracranial Tuberculoma. Rohit Kumar Garg, Rattilal Meena, Neera Samar, Mayank Sharma, ...
... compared to multifocal tuberculomas that were preferentially managed with ATT. Conclusions: Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare ... Intracranial tuberculoma can occur with or without meningitis. Methods: A 3-year-old male who recently emigrated from Sudan ... Intracranial tuberculoma is a rare complication of extrapulmonary tuberculosis due to hematogenous spread to subpial and ... Results: Literature review on pediatric intracranial tuberculoma was performed which included 48 studies (n=49). The mean age ...
A 28-year-old woman, without a specific antecedent, immunocompetent, was originally addressed for an intracranial hypertension ... Cerebral tuberculoma is the most severe form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. It is a rare disease representing only 1% of all ... The diagnosis of intracerebral tuberculoma is based on anatomopathological examination. It must be suspected in front of any ... Atypical radiological aspect of intacerebral tuberculoma: A case report and literature review. Nezha Jalami, Kamal Chtira, ...
  • The clinical presentation is similar to an intracranial tumor, with features of raised intracranial pressure, focal neurological signs and epileptic seizures, systemic symptoms of tuberculosis, such as fever, excessive perspiration and lethargy, occur in less than 50% of cases. (shahzadshams.com)
  • 38 Papilledema as a result of raised intracranial pressure from a CST has been described as well. (stanford.edu)
  • The bacilli may then seed to the central nervous system (CNS) and result in three forms of CNS TB: tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis. (medscape.com)
  • When the size of a brainstem tuberculoma grows to the point of narrowing the fourth ventricle, obstructing hydrocephalus and its related symptoms can arise. (wikipedia.org)
  • while, the late seizures are usually due to infarction, hydrocephalus, tuberculoma and paradoxical response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of the redundancy with the variable "unknown status of hydrocephalus," the degree of freedom for the variable "unknown status of tuberculoma" was reduced. (cdc.gov)
  • Increase in the total quantity of the intracranial fluid in the brain substance causes raised intracranial tension but not hydrocephalus as in pseudo motor cerebri or cerebral oedema. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Rupture of tuberculomas adjacent to the arachnoid can lead to arachnoiditis, while rupture near the subarachnoid space or ventricular system can cause meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Best treatment of Brain Tuberculoma is Stereotactic biopsy which is Minimally invasive keyhole surgery which is safest surgery and done while patient is awake and stay in Hospital is only for 24 hours. (shahzadshams.com)
  • On positive biopsy report of tuberculoma treatment with Anti tuberculous therapy completely cures the patient. (shahzadshams.com)
  • This report highlights two patients who were diagnosed to have acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) only after the biopsy of the intracranial lesion was reported as toxoplasmosis. (neurologyindia.com)
  • This study presents our experience on the use of stereotactic biopsy and excision in the management of intracranial tuberculomas. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • See 'Brain biopsy' below and "Evaluation and management of elevated intracranial pressure in adults", section on 'General management' . (medilib.ir)
  • This is a biopsy proven case of tuberculomas which improved dramatically with ATT. (indianradiology.com)
  • An intracranial tuberculoma originates by hematogenous spread from tuberculous lesions in other parts of the body, especially the lung. (shahzadshams.com)
  • Similar to pulmonary tuberculomas, small lesions eventually coalesce and undergo both necrosis and enlargement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of brain tuberculoma can be aided with PCR of cerebrospinal fluid, but is of less utility for quickly diagnosing and treating lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • When considering other potential intracranial masses in a differential diagnosis, such as cysticercosis, pyogenic abscess, and neoplastic lesions, tuberculoma can be identified by its larger size (>2 cm), edema, and irregular border. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the majority of tuberculomas resolve in 12-24 months, in patients with multiple or larger lesions prolonged treatment extending beyond two years may be required. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings suggest that CT-guided stereotactic surgery of intracranial tuberculomas has advantages over other methods, with a potential to become the first-line modality, particularly as a diagnostic tool, in the management of these lesions. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • CT-guided stereotactic methods have long been used for the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial masses. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • Thirteen patients with intracranial masses underwent stereotactic procedures for tissue samples to establish histopathological diagnosis. (turkishneurosurgery.org.tr)
  • Clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure (eg, papilledema, Cushing triad [hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing], and impaired consciousness) as well as concerning signs on imaging (eg, midline shift) should prompt urgent evaluation for possible impending herniation. (medilib.ir)
  • On histopathological evaluation, it was found to be a polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) - a rare, recently reported entity that can mimic an intracranial granuloma on imaging. (thieme-connect.com)
  • In regards to CNS tuberculoma, it is thought that mycobacterium tuberculosis is capable of penetrating the blood brain barrier after bacterial bacilli induce the release of cytokines by various immunologic cells, leading to an increase in barrier permeability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracranial tuberculomas in children are often infratentorial, occurring near the cerebellum and base of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exceptionally large tuberculomas, those exerting a mass effect on the brain, and those which fail to respond to medical management required surgical excision. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diagnosis of tuberculoma can be challenging, as invasive testing may be required and, occasionally, concomitant malignancy may be present. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary tuberculomas may arise due to repeated cycles of necrosis and re-encapsulation of foci, or, alternatively, the shrinkage and fusion of encapsulated densities. (wikipedia.org)
  • cavernous sinus tuberculoma may occur in the absence of pulmonary findings. (stanford.edu)
  • A lumbar puncture is necessary if meningitis is suspected, with the caveat that there is some risk of herniation of the medulla if intracranial hypertension is suspected. (medscape.com)
  • Should Acetazolamide be the First-Line Treatment for Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension? (msu.edu)
  • A tuberculoma is a clinical manifestation of tuberculosis which conglomerates tubercles into a firm lump, and so can mimic cancer tumors of many types in medical imaging studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms are based on the location of the tuberculoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spinal tap carries some risk of herniation of the medulla in any instance when intracranial pressure (ICP) is increased (eg, TBM), but if meningitis is suspected, the procedure must be performed regardless of the risk, using suitable precautions and obtaining informed consent before the procedure. (medscape.com)
  • These patients should not undergo a lumbar puncture and instead require medical and surgical treatment to reduce the intracranial pressure. (medilib.ir)
  • See "Evaluation and management of elevated intracranial pressure in adults" . (medilib.ir)
  • Urgent medical and surgical interventions are necessary to reduce intracranial pressure. (medilib.ir)
  • Pathological findings show glioma in 9 patients, metastases in 3 patients and tuberculoma in 1 patient. (ejournals.ca)
  • Intracranial granulomas are a major cause of seizures in India, the most common etiologies being neurocysticercosis and tuberculosis. (thieme-connect.com)
  • In this article, we discussed the case of a young woman patient with refractory seizures who was presumed to have an intracranial granuloma as an epileptogenic focus, based on neuroimaging, but on histopathology it was diagnosed as PLNTY. (thieme-connect.com)
  • It is possible that, following an initial tuberculosis infection resulting in bacteremia, a foci of granulomatous inflammation may coalesce into a caseous tuberculoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • When CSF is analyzed in patients with suspected tuberculoma, high protein concentrations and cell counts are often seen. (wikipedia.org)
  • A single lesion might pose diagnostic dilemma as it's difficult radiologically to exclude tuberculoma. (ehd.org)
  • Tureyen K. Tuberculoma of the conus medullaris: case report. (jmgumst.com)
  • Tuberculoma of the central nervous system - a case report = Gru liczak o rodkowego uk adu nerwowego - opis przypadku. (edu.pl)
  • The "target sign" is pathognomonic for tuberculoma on CT, with a nodular ring-enhancing mass and central calcification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since these are evolutions of primary complex, the tuberculomas may contain caseum or calcifications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tuberculomas are frequently multiple and are predominantly located in the posterior fossa in children and young adults, but may occur throughout the cerebral hemispheres. (shahzadshams.com)
  • The exact mechanism of tuberculoma development has not been determined, although multiple theories have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • In children with tuberculoma, CXR is often normal despite a positive TST/IGRA. (wikipedia.org)