Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
Bleeding from the vessels of the retina.
Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.
Bleeding within the subcortical regions of cerebral hemispheres (BASAL GANGLIA). It is often associated with HYPERTENSION or ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS. Clinical manifestations may include HEADACHE; DYSKINESIAS; and HEMIPARESIS.
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).
Bleeding within the SKULL that is caused by systemic HYPERTENSION, usually in association with INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS. Hypertensive hemorrhages are most frequent in the BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; PONS; and THALAMUS; but may also involve the CEREBRAL CORTEX, subcortical white matter, and other brain structures.
Hemorrhage following any surgical procedure. It may be immediate or delayed and is not restricted to the surgical wound.
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)
Hemorrhage from the vessels of the choroid.
Bleeding from a PEPTIC ULCER that can be located in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Intracranial bleeding into the PUTAMEN, a BASAL GANGLIA nucleus. This is associated with HYPERTENSION and lipohyalinosis of small blood vessels in the putamen. Clinical manifestations vary with the size of hemorrhage, but include HEMIPARESIS; HEADACHE; and alterations of consciousness.
Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.
Hemorrhage within the orbital cavity, posterior to the eyeball.
Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES due to TRAUMA. Hemorrhage may involve any part of the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the BASAL GANGLIA. Depending on the severity of bleeding, clinical features may include SEIZURES; APHASIA; VISION DISORDERS; MOVEMENT DISORDERS; PARALYSIS; and COMA.
Acute hemorrhage or excessive fluid loss resulting in HYPOVOLEMIA.
Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.
Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC); and CEREBELLUM.
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.
Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.
Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA.
Bleeding from the blood vessels of the mouth, which may occur as a result of injuries to the mouth, accidents in oral surgery, or diseases of the gums.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Surgical creation of an opening in a cerebral ventricle.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Radiography of the ventricular system of the brain after injection of air or other contrast medium directly into the cerebral ventricles. It is used also for x-ray computed tomography of the cerebral ventricles.
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.
Disorders of the centrally located thalamus, which integrates a wide range of cortical and subcortical information. Manifestations include sensory loss, MOVEMENT DISORDERS; ATAXIA, pain syndromes, visual disorders, a variety of neuropsychological conditions, and COMA. Relatively common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; BRAIN HYPOXIA; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; and infectious processes.
Bleeding within the SKULL induced by penetrating and nonpenetrating traumatic injuries, including hemorrhages into the tissues of CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM; as well as into the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces of the MENINGES.
Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A scale that assesses the response to stimuli in patients with craniocerebral injuries. The parameters are eye opening, motor response, and verbal response.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Failure of the UTERUS to contract with normal strength, duration, and intervals during childbirth (LABOR, OBSTETRIC). It is also called uterine atony.
The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.

Regression of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin: a prospective study. (1/423)

Endometrial hyperplasia is thought to be caused by the prolonged, unopposed oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. The regression of hyperplastic back to normal endometrium is the main purpose of any conservative treatment in order to prevent development of adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium in patients with various forms of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) triptorelin for 6 months. Fifty-six patients with endometrial hyperplasia were enrolled in this trial; 39 patients (group I) presented simple hyperplasia, 14 (group II) complex hyperplasia and three (group III) atypical complex hyperplasia. All patients were treated with triptorelin for 6 months. Bleeding control during treatment was excellent. A post-treatment curettage for estimation of endometrial histology was performed on 54 out of 56 patients 100.1 +/- 44.7 days after the last triptorelin dose, following the restoration of pituitary function. Regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium was observed in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients in group I and in 12 (85.7%) out of 14 in group II. Persistence of simple hyperplasia was found in five (14.5%) out of 37 patients in group I. Persistence of complex hyperplasia was found in 1 (7.1%) out of 14 patients and progression to atypical complex hyperplasia in another one (7.1%) woman in group II. In some of these cases, the presence of risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and ovulatory disturbances may contribute to the disease persistence despite therapy. On the other hand, in group III, none of the three patients had normal post-treatment endometrial histology. It seems, therefore, that in cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, the administration of the GnRHa triptorelin is associated with high regression rates to normal endometrium. Conversely, the presence of atypia seems to be a poor prognostic factor. Treatment tolerance and bleeding control during therapy is excellent.  (+info)

Uterine artery embolization--a successful treatment to control bleeding cervical pregnancy with a simultaneous intrauterine gestation. (2/423)

A case of a woman suffering from a bleeding heterotopic cervical pregnancy is described. The concurrent cervical pregnancy and intrauterine gestation were diagnosed by ultrasound and bleeding was initially controlled with selective fluoroscopic uterine artery embolization. A selective fetal reduction was done with ultrasound-guided intracardiac potassium chloride. Uterine artery embolization has been used successfully to control haemorrhage in cervical pregnancies when the main goal was to allow preservation of the uterus, thus maintaining potential fertility. This is the first report of arterial embolization used to control bleeding for maintaining a concurrent intrauterine heterotopic pregnancy in an in-vitro fertilization patient. Unfortunately, subsequent conservative measures led to undesired outcome. This procedure initially controlled the bleeding without disrupting the intrauterine fetal cardiac activity.  (+info)

A multicentre efficacy and safety study of the single contraceptive implant Implanon. Implanon Study Group. (3/423)

An open, multicentre study was performed to assess efficacy, safety and acceptability of the single-rod contraceptive implant Implanon. The study involved 635 young healthy women, who were sexually active and of childbearing potential. The women were followed up every 3 months over the entire study period. Originally the study was designed for 2 years, but was extended to 3 years in a group of 147 women from two centres. Altogether, 21 centres in nine different countries participated. The average age of the women was 29 years (range 18-42 years), of whom 83.5% had been pregnant in the past. No pregnancy occurred during treatment with Implanon, resulting in a Pearl Index of 0 (95% confidence interval: 0.0-0.2). In the first 2 years, 31% had discontinued the treatment. Of the 147 women in the study extension, nine discontinued (6%) treatment. Bleeding irregularities was the main reason for discontinuation during the first 2 years of use (17.2%) and adverse experiences in the third year (3.4%). Implant insertion and removal were fast and uncomplicated in the vast majority (97%) of cases. Return of fertility was prompt. In conclusion, Implanon has excellent contraceptive action during its lifetime of 3 years. The safety profile is acceptable and not essentially different from progestogens in general.  (+info)

Acceptability and patterns of uterine bleeding in sequential trimegestone-based hormone replacement therapy: a dose-ranging study. (4/423)

Trimegestone is a norpregnane progestogen which is being developed in combination with oral oestradiol as postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In this multicentre dose-ranging study using randomized parallel groups, four doses of trimegestone were used to compare data on the patterns of uterine bleeding, the endometrial histology, and the control of menopausal symptoms in 203 women who completed treatment for 6 months. The treatment consisted of micronized oestradiol (2 mg/day) and one of four doses of trimegestone, which was administered sequentially for days 15-28 of the treatment cycle. Higher doses of trimegestone were associated with later onset of bleeding, which was lighter and of shorter duration than that observed with lower doses. The variability of the day of onset of bleeding in individual women was greater when bleeding occurred before the end of the progestogen phase (early bleeders) than when it occurred afterwards (late bleeders). All women enrolled in the study experienced good control of menopausal symptoms, with minimal progestogenic adverse effects, there being no statistically significant difference between the four dose groups.  (+info)

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. (5/423)

This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) pills taken immediately after medical abortion on the duration of bleeding and complete abortion rate. Two hundred women in the first 49 days of pregnancy were given 200 mg mifepristone orally followed by 400 microg misoprostol vaginally 48 h later. One day later, they were randomized to receive either OC pills (30 microg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel per tablet) or placebo for 21 days. The complete abortion rates were 98% in the OC group and 99% in the placebo group. The median duration of bleeding was similar: 17 (range: 5-57) days in the OC group and 16 (range: 6-55) days in the placebo group. In the OC group there was a small but significant fall in the haemoglobin concentration by 14 days (5.3 g/dl) after administration of mifepristone. The incidence of side-effects was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the use of OC pills does not decrease the duration of bleeding after medical abortion nor does it affect the abortion rate.  (+info)

Endometrial breakdown in women using Norplant is associated with migratory cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B). (6/423)

Norplant, subdermally implanted slow-release levonorgestrel, is an effective and widely used contraceptive agent but has a high rate of discontinuation due to unacceptable abnormal uterine bleeding. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in normal cycling endometrium and are postulated to be responsible for the tissue breakdown at menstruation. We have compared the immunolocalization of MMP-9 and migratory cells in endometrium from Indonesian women using Norplant with normal controls. Positive MMP-9 immunostaining was observed intracellularly within stromal and intravascular leukocytes and extracellularly in areas of tissue lysis adjacent to these migratory cells. The MMP-9 positive cells were identified as neutrophils, eosinophils, CD3+ T-cells and macrophages. Quantitative assessment revealed that the number of MMP-9 positive cells, neutrophils and eosinophils were significantly increased in those endometrial biopsies from Norplant users displaying a shedding morphology and in normal controls at menstruation. There was no correlation between the number of MMP-9 positive cells and the number of bleeding days reported. Endometrial immunostaining for tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases was similar in Norplant users and normal controls. These results suggest that MMP-9, an enzyme capable of degrading basement membrane components, may be involved in endometrial breakdown in women using Norplant.  (+info)

Influence of parity on the obstetric performance of mothers aged 40 years and above. (7/423)

We reviewed the delivery records of 205 mothers aged 40 years and above who delivered from 1st January 1994 to 31st December 1996 to examine the influence of parity on their obstetric performance. There were 51 (24.9%) primiparous mothers. The incidences of antenatal complications (antepartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorder, glucose intolerance, prematurity), labour performance (type of labour, mode of delivery) and neonatal outcome (birth weight, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admission, perinatal mortality) were compared between the 51 (24.9%) primiparous and the 154 (75.1%) multiparous mothers. Higher incidences of antepartum haemorrhage (17.6 versus 5.8%, P = 0.0188), hypertensive disorder (17.6 versus 5.2%, P = 0.015), labour induction (33.3 versus 14.3%, P = 0.004) and Caesarean section delivery (58.8 versus 20.8%, P < 0.0001) were found among the primiparous mothers than the multiparous group. Neonatal outcome, however, was similar in both groups. We conclude that the primiparous mothers aged 40 years and above had more complicated antenatal and labour courses than multiparous mothers. On the other hand, the neonatal outcomes of two groups were comparable.  (+info)

Office mini-hysteroscopy. (8/423)

The technique of diagnostic hysteroscopy has not yet been accepted generally as an ambulatory, well-tolerated office procedure. Especially in the infertile patient the standard hysteroscopic procedure is poorly tolerated in an office environment. Our prospective registration of 530 diagnostic office mini-hysteroscopies in infertile patients demonstrates that using an atraumatic insertion technique, watery distention medium and the new generation of mini-hysteroscopic endoscopes, hysteroscopy can be performed in an office set-up without any form of anaesthesia and with a high patient compliance. The significant number of abnormal findings (28.5%), the absence of complications and the low failure rate (2.3%) indicate that diagnostic office mini-hysteroscopy should be a first-line diagnostic procedure. Those results are compared with the registration of 4204 consecutive conventional diagnostic hysteroscopies in a routine gynaecological population performed between 1982 and 1989. We conclude that the mini-hysteroscopic system offers a simple, safe and efficient diagnostic method in the office for the investigation of abnormal uterine bleeding, to evaluate the cervix and uterine cavity in the infertile patient, for screening of endometrial changes in patients under hormone replacement therapy or anti-oestrogens as (adjuvant) treatment and, lastly, it may be very helpful for the interpretation of uncertain findings in other diagnostic techniques such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, blind biopsy or hysterosalpingography.  (+info)

Uterine hemorrhage, also known as uterine bleeding or gynecological bleeding, is an abnormal loss of blood from the uterus. It can occur in various clinical settings such as menstruation (known as menorrhagia), postpartum period (postpartum hemorrhage), or in non-pregnant women (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). The bleeding may be light to heavy, intermittent or continuous, and can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, dizziness, or fainting. Uterine hemorrhage is a common gynecological problem that can have various underlying causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities, coagulopathies, and malignancies. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing heavy or prolonged uterine bleeding to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Hemorrhage is defined in the medical context as an excessive loss of blood from the circulatory system, which can occur due to various reasons such as injury, surgery, or underlying health conditions that affect blood clotting or the integrity of blood vessels. The bleeding may be internal, external, visible, or concealed, and it can vary in severity from minor to life-threatening, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment to prevent further blood loss, organ damage, and potential death.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.

Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or its surrounding tissues. It's a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. The bleeding can occur in various locations:

1. Epidural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the brain) and the skull. This is often caused by trauma, such as a head injury.
2. Subdural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain's surface, which can also be caused by trauma.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the brain. This type of ICH is commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, which can be caused by hypertension (high blood pressure), amyloid angiopathy, or trauma.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, which contains CSF and communicates with the subarachnoid space. This type of ICH is often seen in premature infants but can also be caused by head trauma or aneurysm rupture in adults.

Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, confusion, seizures, weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, vision changes, or difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage and potential long-term disabilities or death.

A retinal hemorrhage is a type of bleeding that occurs in the blood vessels of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. This condition can result from various underlying causes, including diabetes, high blood pressure, age-related macular degeneration, or trauma to the eye. Retinal hemorrhages can be categorized into different types based on their location and appearance, such as dot and blot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, or subhyaloid hemorrhages. Depending on the severity and cause of the hemorrhage, treatment options may vary from monitoring to laser therapy, medication, or even surgery. It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist for a proper evaluation and management plan if you suspect a retinal hemorrhage.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant obstetrical complication defined as the loss of more than 500 milliliters of blood within the first 24 hours after childbirth, whether it occurs vaginally or through cesarean section. It can also be defined as a blood loss of more than 1000 mL in relation to the amount of blood lost during the procedure and the patient's baseline hematocrit level.

Postpartum hemorrhage is classified into two types: primary (early) PPH, which occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery, and secondary (late) PPH, which happens between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum. The most common causes of PPH are uterine atony, trauma to the genital tract, retained placental tissue, and coagulopathy.

Uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Trauma to the genital tract can occur during childbirth, causing lacerations or tears that may result in bleeding. Retained placental tissue refers to the remnants of the placenta left inside the uterus, which can cause infection and heavy bleeding. Coagulopathy is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.

Symptoms of PPH include excessive vaginal bleeding, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, and signs of shock such as confusion, rapid breathing, and pale skin. Treatment for PPH includes uterotonics, manual removal of retained placental tissue, repair of genital tract lacerations, blood transfusions, and surgery if necessary.

Preventing PPH involves proper antenatal care, monitoring high-risk pregnancies, active management of the third stage of labor, and prompt recognition and treatment of any bleeding complications during or after delivery.

Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.

GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.

Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.

The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

A Vitreous Hemorrhage is a medical condition where there is bleeding into the vitreous cavity of the eye. The vitreous cavity is the space in the eye that is filled with a clear, gel-like substance called the vitreous humor. This substance helps to maintain the shape of the eye and transmit light to the retina.

When a vitreous hemorrhage occurs, blood cells from the bleeding mix with the vitreous humor, causing it to become cloudy or hazy. As a result, vision can become significantly impaired, ranging from mildly blurry to complete loss of vision depending on the severity of the bleed.

Vitreous hemorrhages can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, retinal tears or detachments, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and other eye conditions that affect the blood vessels in the eye. Treatment for vitreous hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and may include observation, laser surgery, or vitrectomy (a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous humor and stop the bleeding).

An eye hemorrhage, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is a condition where there is bleeding in the eye, specifically under the conjunctiva which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera). This membrane has tiny blood vessels that can rupture and cause blood to accumulate, leading to a visible red patch on the surface of the eye.

Eye hemorrhages are usually painless and harmless, and they often resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks without any treatment. However, if they occur frequently or are accompanied by other symptoms such as vision changes, pain, or sensitivity to light, it is important to seek medical attention as they could indicate a more serious underlying condition. Common causes of eye hemorrhages include trauma, high blood pressure, blood thinners, and aging.

A basal ganglia hemorrhage is a type of intracranial hemorrhage, which is defined as bleeding within the skull or brain. Specifically, a basal ganglia hemorrhage involves bleeding into the basal ganglia, which are clusters of neurons located deep within the forebrain and are involved in regulating movement, cognition, and emotion.

Basal ganglia hemorrhages can result from various factors, including hypertension (high blood pressure), cerebral amyloid angiopathy, illicit drug use (such as cocaine or amphetamines), and head trauma. Symptoms of a basal ganglia hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache, altered consciousness, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and visual disturbances.

Diagnosis of a basal ganglia hemorrhage typically involves imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment may include supportive care, medications to control symptoms, and surgical intervention in some cases. The prognosis for individuals with a basal ganglia hemorrhage varies depending on the severity of the bleed, the presence of underlying medical conditions, and the timeliness and effectiveness of treatment.

Intracranial vasospasm is a medical condition characterized by the narrowing or constriction of the intracranial arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain. This narrowing is usually caused by the contraction or spasming of the smooth muscle in the walls of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain tissue.

Intracranial vasospasm is often associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a type of stroke caused by bleeding in the space surrounding the brain. SAH can cause the release of blood components, such as hemoglobin and iron, which can irritate and damage the walls of the arteries. This irritation can trigger an inflammatory response that leads to the contraction of the smooth muscle in the artery walls, causing vasospasm.

Vasospasm can cause further ischemia (reduced blood flow) or infarction (tissue death) in the brain, leading to serious neurological deficits or even death. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment of intracranial vasospasm are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Treatment options may include medications to dilate the blood vessels, angioplasty (balloon dilation) or stenting procedures to mechanically open up the arteries, or surgical intervention to relieve pressure on the brain.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a type of intracranial hemorrhage that occurs due to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain as a result of chronic high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also known as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertension can weaken and damage the walls of the small arteries and arterioles in the brain over time, making them more susceptible to rupture. When these blood vessels burst, they cause bleeding into the surrounding brain tissue, forming a hematoma that can compress and damage brain cells.

Intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Symptoms may include sudden severe headache, weakness or numbness in the face or limbs, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision changes, loss of balance or coordination, and altered level of consciousness.

The diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive is typically made through imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Treatment may involve medications to reduce blood pressure, surgery to remove the hematoma, and supportive care to manage complications such as brain swelling or seizures.

Postoperative hemorrhage is a medical term that refers to bleeding that occurs after a surgical procedure. This condition can range from minor oozing to severe, life-threatening bleeding. Postoperative hemorrhage can occur soon after surgery or even several days later, as the surgical site begins to heal.

The causes of postoperative hemorrhage can vary, but some common factors include:

1. Inadequate hemostasis during surgery: This means that all bleeding was not properly controlled during the procedure, leading to bleeding after surgery.
2. Blood vessel injury: During surgery, blood vessels may be accidentally cut or damaged, causing bleeding after the procedure.
3. Coagulopathy: This is a condition in which the body has difficulty forming blood clots, increasing the risk of postoperative hemorrhage.
4. Use of anticoagulant medications: Medications that prevent blood clots can increase the risk of bleeding after surgery.
5. Infection: An infection at the surgical site can cause inflammation and bleeding.

Symptoms of postoperative hemorrhage may include swelling, pain, warmth, or discoloration around the surgical site, as well as signs of shock such as rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Treatment for postoperative hemorrhage depends on the severity of the bleeding and may include medications to control bleeding, transfusions of blood products, or additional surgery to stop the bleeding.

A hematoma is defined as a localized accumulation of blood in a tissue, organ, or body space caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel. This can result from various causes such as trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions that affect coagulation. The severity and size of a hematoma may vary depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Symptoms can include swelling, pain, bruising, and decreased mobility in the affected area. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the hematoma but may include observation, compression, ice, elevation, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

An intracranial aneurysm is a localized, blood-filled dilation or bulging in the wall of a cerebral artery within the skull (intracranial). These aneurysms typically occur at weak points in the arterial walls, often at branching points where the vessel divides into smaller branches. Over time, the repeated pressure from blood flow can cause the vessel wall to weaken and balloon out, forming a sac-like structure. Intracranial aneurysms can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.

There are three main types of intracranial aneurysms:

1. Saccular (berry) aneurysm: This is the most common type, characterized by a round or oval shape with a narrow neck and a bulging sac. They usually develop at branching points in the arteries due to congenital weaknesses in the vessel wall.
2. Fusiform aneurysm: These aneurysms have a dilated segment along the length of the artery, forming a cigar-shaped or spindle-like structure. They are often caused by atherosclerosis and can affect any part of the cerebral arteries.
3. Dissecting aneurysm: This type occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining (intima) of the artery, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the vessel wall. It can lead to narrowing or complete blockage of the affected artery and may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage if it ruptures.

Intracranial aneurysms can be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions. However, when they grow larger or rupture, they can lead to severe complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or even death. Treatment options include surgical clipping, endovascular coiling, or flow diversion techniques to prevent further growth and potential rupture of the aneurysm.

A choroid hemorrhage is a type of hemorrhage that occurs in the choroid layer of the eye. The choroid is a part of the uveal tract, which is located between the retina and the sclera (the white outer coat of the eye). It contains numerous blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the retina.

A choroid hemorrhage occurs when there is bleeding in the choroid layer, which can cause sudden vision loss or other visual symptoms. The bleeding may result from various causes, such as trauma, hypertension, blood disorders, or inflammatory conditions affecting the eye. In some cases, the exact cause of a choroid hemorrhage may be difficult to determine.

Treatment for a choroid hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and severity of the bleeding. In some cases, observation and monitoring may be sufficient, while in other cases, medical or surgical intervention may be necessary to manage the condition and prevent further vision loss.

Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract due to a peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They are usually caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

When a peptic ulcer bleeds, it can cause symptoms such as vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools. In severe cases, the bleeding can lead to shock, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment may include medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori infection, and endoscopic procedures to stop the bleeding. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the ulcer or remove damaged tissue.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

A putaminal hemorrhage is a type of intracranial hemorrhage, which is defined as bleeding within the brain. Specifically, it refers to bleeding that occurs in the putamen, which is a region located deep within the forebrain and is part of the basal ganglia.

Putaminal hemorrhages are often caused by hypertension (high blood pressure) or rupture of small aneurysms (weakened areas in the walls of blood vessels). Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the bleed, but may include sudden onset of headache, altered consciousness, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and visual disturbances.

Diagnosis is typically made using imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment may involve supportive care, medications to control blood pressure and prevent seizures, and surgical intervention in some cases. The prognosis for putaminal hemorrhage depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health status, and the severity of the bleed.

Cerebral angiography is a medical procedure that involves taking X-ray images of the blood vessels in the brain after injecting a contrast dye into them. This procedure helps doctors to diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the blood vessels in the brain, such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and stenosis (narrowing of the blood vessels).

During the procedure, a catheter is inserted into an artery in the leg and threaded through the body to the blood vessels in the neck or brain. The contrast dye is then injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualize the blood flow through the brain's blood vessels.

Cerebral angiography provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the brain, allowing doctors to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be causing symptoms or increasing the risk of stroke. Based on the results of the cerebral angiography, doctors can develop a treatment plan to address these issues and prevent further complications.

A ruptured aneurysm is a serious medical condition that occurs when the wall of an artery or a blood vessel weakens and bulges out, forming an aneurysm, which then bursts, causing bleeding into the surrounding tissue. This can lead to internal hemorrhage, organ damage, and even death, depending on the location and severity of the rupture.

Ruptured aneurysms are often caused by factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, aging, and genetic predisposition. They can occur in any part of the body but are most common in the aorta (the largest artery in the body) and the cerebral arteries (in the brain).

Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm may include sudden and severe pain, weakness or paralysis, difficulty breathing, confusion, loss of consciousness, and shock. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent further complications and increase the chances of survival. Treatment options for a ruptured aneurysm may include surgery, endovascular repair, or medication to manage symptoms and prevent further bleeding.

A retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare but serious condition that involves the accumulation of blood in the retrobulbar space, which is the area between the back surface of the eyeball (the globe) and the front part of the bony socket (orbit) that contains it. This space is normally filled with fatty tissue and various supportive structures like muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.

Retrobulbar hemorrhage typically occurs as a result of trauma or surgery to the eye or orbit, causing damage to the blood vessels in this area. The bleeding can lead to increased pressure within the orbit, which may compress the optic nerve and restrict the flow of blood and oxygen to the eye. This can result in rapid vision loss, proptosis (forward displacement of the eyeball), pain, and other ocular dysfunctions.

Immediate medical attention is required for retrobulbar hemorrhage, as it can lead to permanent visual impairment or blindness if not treated promptly. Treatment options may include observation, medication, or surgical intervention to relieve the pressure and restore blood flow to the eye.

The cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected fluid-filled cavities within the brain. They are located in the center of the brain and are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection to the brain by cushioning it from impacts and helping to maintain its stability within the skull.

There are four ventricles in total: two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle, and one fourth ventricle. The lateral ventricles are located in each cerebral hemisphere, while the third ventricle is located between the thalami of the two hemispheres. The fourth ventricle is located at the base of the brain, above the spinal cord.

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle through narrow passageways called the interventricular foramen. From there, it flows into the fourth ventricle through another narrow passageway called the cerebral aqueduct. CSF then leaves the fourth ventricle and enters the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, where it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Abnormalities in the size or shape of the cerebral ventricles can indicate underlying neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of CSF) or atrophy (shrinkage) of brain tissue. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often used to assess the size and shape of the cerebral ventricles in clinical settings.

A traumatic cerebral hemorrhage is a type of brain injury that results from a trauma or external force to the head, which causes bleeding in the brain. This condition is also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or epidural or subdural hematoma, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding.

The trauma can cause blood vessels in the brain to rupture, leading to the accumulation of blood in the skull and increased pressure on the brain. This can result in various symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, vomiting, weakness or numbness in the limbs, loss of consciousness, and even death if not treated promptly.

Traumatic cerebral hemorrhage is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. Treatment options may include surgery to relieve pressure on the brain, medication to control seizures and reduce swelling, and rehabilitation to help with recovery. The prognosis for traumatic cerebral hemorrhage depends on various factors such as the severity of the injury, location of the bleeding, age and overall health of the patient, and timeliness of treatment.

Hemorrhagic shock is a type of shock that occurs when there is significant blood loss leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues and organs. It is characterized by hypovolemia (low blood volume), hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), and decreased urine output. Hemorrhagic shock can be classified into four stages based on the amount of blood loss and hemodynamic changes. In severe cases, it can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and death if not treated promptly and effectively.

Spontaneous rupture in medical terms refers to the sudden breaking or tearing of an organ, tissue, or structure within the body without any identifiable trauma or injury. This event can occur due to various reasons such as weakening of the tissue over time because of disease or degeneration, or excessive pressure on the tissue.

For instance, a spontaneous rupture of the appendix is called an "appendiceal rupture," which can lead to peritonitis, a serious inflammation of the abdominal cavity. Similarly, a spontaneous rupture of a blood vessel, like an aortic aneurysm, can result in life-threatening internal bleeding.

Spontaneous ruptures are often medical emergencies and require immediate medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

A traumatic brain hemorrhage is a type of bleeding that occurs within the brain or in the spaces surrounding the brain as a result of trauma or injury. This condition can range from mild to severe, and it is often a medical emergency.

Trauma can cause blood vessels in the brain to rupture, leading to the leakage of blood into the brain tissue or the spaces surrounding the brain. The buildup of blood puts pressure on the delicate tissues of the brain, which can cause damage and result in various symptoms.

There are several types of traumatic brain hemorrhages, including:

1. Epidural hematoma: This occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, the tough outer covering of the brain. It is often caused by a skull fracture that damages an artery or vein.
2. Subdural hematoma: In this type, bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the next inner covering of the brain, called the arachnoid membrane. Subdural hematomas are usually caused by venous injuries but can also result from arterial damage.
3. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: This refers to bleeding within the brain tissue itself, often due to the rupture of small blood vessels.
4. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding occurs in the space between the arachnoid membrane and the innermost covering of the brain, called the pia mater. This type of hemorrhage is commonly caused by an aneurysm or a head injury.

Symptoms of a traumatic brain hemorrhage may include:

* Sudden severe headache
* Nausea and vomiting
* Confusion or disorientation
* Vision changes, such as double vision or blurred vision
* Balance problems or difficulty walking
* Slurred speech or difficulty communicating
* Seizures
* Loss of consciousness
* Weakness or numbness in the face, arms, or legs

Immediate medical attention is necessary if a traumatic brain hemorrhage is suspected. Treatment may involve surgery to relieve pressure on the brain and stop the bleeding, as well as medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications. The prognosis for a traumatic brain hemorrhage depends on various factors, including the location and severity of the bleed, the patient's age and overall health, and the promptness and effectiveness of treatment.

A subdural hematoma is a type of hematoma (a collection of blood) that occurs between the dura mater, which is the outermost protective covering of the brain, and the brain itself. It is usually caused by bleeding from the veins located in this potential space, often as a result of a head injury or trauma.

Subdural hematomas can be classified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on their rate of symptom progression and the time course of their appearance on imaging studies. Acute subdural hematomas typically develop and cause symptoms rapidly, often within hours of the head injury. Subacute subdural hematomas have a more gradual onset of symptoms, which can occur over several days to a week after the trauma. Chronic subdural hematomas may take weeks to months to develop and are often seen in older adults or individuals with chronic alcohol abuse, even after minor head injuries.

Symptoms of a subdural hematoma can vary widely depending on the size and location of the hematoma, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Common symptoms include headache, altered mental status, confusion, memory loss, weakness or numbness, seizures, and in severe cases, coma or even death. Treatment typically involves surgical evacuation of the hematoma, along with management of any underlying conditions that may have contributed to its development.

Intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal, tangled connections between the arteries and veins in the brain. These connections bypass the capillary system, which can lead to high-flow shunting and potential complications such as hemorrhage, stroke, or neurological deficits. AVMs are congenital conditions, meaning they are present at birth, although symptoms may not appear until later in life. They are relatively rare, affecting approximately 0.1% of the population. Treatment options for AVMs include surgery, radiation therapy, and endovascular embolization, depending on the size, location, and specific characteristics of the malformation.

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain, leading to an increase in intracranial pressure and potentially causing damage to the brain tissues. This excessive buildup of CSF can result from either overproduction or impaired absorption of the fluid, which typically causes the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) inside the brain to expand and put pressure on surrounding brain structures.

The condition can be congenital, present at birth due to genetic factors or abnormalities during fetal development, or acquired later in life as a result of injuries, infections, tumors, or other disorders affecting the brain's ability to regulate CSF flow and absorption. Symptoms may vary depending on age, severity, and duration but often include headaches, vomiting, balance problems, vision issues, cognitive impairment, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for hydrocephalus typically involves surgically implanting a shunt system that diverts the excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed, such as the abdominal cavity. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) might be an alternative treatment option, creating a new pathway for CSF flow within the brain. Regular follow-ups with neurosurgeons and other healthcare professionals are essential to monitor the condition and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Oral hemorrhage, also known as oral bleeding or mouth bleed, refers to the escape of blood from the blood vessels in the oral cavity, which includes the lips, gums, tongue, palate, and cheek lining. It can result from various causes such as trauma, dental procedures, inflammation, infection, tumors, or systemic disorders that affect blood clotting or cause bleeding tendencies. The bleeding may be minor and self-limiting, or it could be severe and life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause and extent of the bleed. Immediate medical attention is required for heavy oral hemorrhage to prevent airway obstruction, hypovolemia, and other complications.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

A ventriculostomy is a medical procedure in which an opening is made into one of the cerebral ventricles, the fluid-filled spaces within the brain, to relieve pressure or to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic testing. This is typically performed using a catheter known as an external ventricular drain (EVD). The EVD is inserted through a burr hole in the skull and into the ventricle, allowing CSF to drain out and be measured or tested. Ventriculostomy may be necessary in the management of various conditions that can cause increased intracranial pressure, such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or traumatic brain injuries.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Cerebral ventriculography is a medical imaging technique that involves the injection of a contrast material into the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces within the brain. The purpose of this procedure is to produce detailed images of the ventricular system and the surrounding structures in order to diagnose and evaluate various neurological conditions, such as hydrocephalus (excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles), tumors, or other abnormalities that may be causing obstruction or compression of the ventricular system.

The procedure typically involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into the lateral ventricle of the brain through a small hole drilled in the skull. The contrast material is then injected through the catheter and X-ray images are taken as the contrast material flows through the ventricular system. These images can help to identify any abnormalities or blockages that may be present.

Cerebral ventriculography has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provide similar information without the need for invasive procedures. However, cerebral ventriculography may still be used in certain cases where these other methods are not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis.

A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This can result in the death of brain tissue and cause permanent damage or temporary impairment to cognitive functions, speech, memory, movement, and other body functions controlled by the affected area of the brain.

Strokes can be caused by either a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain (ischemic stroke) or the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts only a few minutes and does not cause permanent damage.

Symptoms of a stroke may include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; loss of balance or coordination; severe headache with no known cause; and confusion or disorientation. Immediate medical attention is crucial for stroke patients to receive appropriate treatment and prevent long-term complications.

The basilar artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the brainstem and cerebellum. It is formed by the union of two vertebral arteries at the lower part of the brainstem, near the junction of the medulla oblongata and pons.

The basilar artery runs upward through the center of the brainstem and divides into two posterior cerebral arteries at the upper part of the brainstem, near the midbrain. The basilar artery gives off several branches that supply blood to various parts of the brainstem, including the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain, as well as to the cerebellum.

The basilar artery is an important part of the circle of Willis, a network of arteries at the base of the brain that ensures continuous blood flow to the brain even if one of the arteries becomes blocked or narrowed.

Brain ischemia is the medical term used to describe a reduction or interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and glucose delivery to brain tissue. This can result in brain damage or death of brain cells, known as infarction. Brain ischemia can be caused by various conditions such as thrombosis (blood clot formation), embolism (obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign material), or hypoperfusion (reduced blood flow). The severity and duration of the ischemia determine the extent of brain damage. Symptoms can range from mild, such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or "mini-strokes"), to severe, including paralysis, speech difficulties, loss of consciousness, and even death. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further damage and potential long-term complications.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is a thrombolytic enzyme, which means it dissolves blood clots. It is naturally produced by the endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels. tPA activates plasminogen, a zymogen, to convert it into plasmin, a protease that breaks down fibrin, the structural protein in blood clots. This enzyme is used medically as a thrombolytic drug under various brand names, such as Activase and Alteplase, to treat conditions like acute ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis by dissolving the clots and restoring blood flow.

Thalamic diseases refer to conditions that affect the thalamus, which is a part of the brain that acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex. The thalamus plays a crucial role in regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness. Thalamic diseases can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the specific area of the thalamus that is affected. These symptoms may include sensory disturbances, motor impairment, cognitive changes, and altered levels of consciousness. Examples of thalamic diseases include stroke, tumors, multiple sclerosis, infections, and degenerative disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. Treatment for thalamic diseases depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or rehabilitation therapy.

Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage (TIH) is a type of bleeding that occurs within the skull or inside the brain parenchyma as a result of traumatic injury. It can be further classified based on the location and type of bleeding, which includes:

1. Epidural hematoma (EDH): Bleeding between the dura mater and the inner table of the skull, usually caused by arterial bleeding from the middle meningeal artery after a temporal bone fracture.
2. Subdural hematoma (SDH): Bleeding in the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane, often due to venous sinus or bridging vein injury. SDHs can be acute, subacute, or chronic based on their age and clinical presentation.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). SAH is commonly caused by trauma but can also be secondary to aneurysmal rupture or arteriovenous malformations.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH): Bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma, which can result from contusions, lacerations, or shearing forces during traumatic events.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH): Bleeding into the cerebral ventricles, often as a complication of IPH, SAH, or EDH. IVH can lead to obstructive hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure (ICP).

TIHs are medical emergencies requiring prompt diagnosis and management to prevent secondary brain injury and reduce morbidity and mortality. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for the detection and characterization of TIHs, while neurosurgical intervention may be necessary in specific cases.

Fetomaternal transfusion, also known as fetal-maternal hemorrhage, is a medical condition where there is a transfer of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation. This can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or in the postpartum period due to various reasons such as placental abnormalities, trauma, or invasive procedures like amniocentesis. In some cases, it may lead to complications for both the fetus and the mother, including fetal anemia, hydrops fetalis, and maternal alloimmunization.

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a standardized tool used by healthcare professionals to assess the level of consciousness and neurological response in a person who has suffered a brain injury or illness. It evaluates three aspects of a patient's responsiveness: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The scores from these three categories are then added together to provide an overall GCS score, which can range from 3 (indicating deep unconsciousness) to 15 (indicating a normal level of consciousness). This scale helps medical professionals to quickly and consistently communicate the severity of a patient's condition and monitor their progress over time.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

Uterine inertia is a medical condition that occurs during childbirth, specifically during the second stage of labor. It is defined as the failure of the uterus to contract efficiently and effectively during this stage, leading to prolonged or arrested labor. This can result in complications for both the mother and the baby, such as fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, and infection. Uterine inertia can be caused by various factors, including exhaustion of the uterus, drugs that interfere with muscle contractions, or abnormalities in the uterus itself. Treatment typically involves administering oxytocin to stimulate stronger contractions, assisted delivery methods such as forceps or vacuum extraction, or in some cases, cesarean section.

Cerebral arteries refer to the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the brain. These arteries branch off from the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries, which combine to form the basilar artery. The major cerebral arteries include:

1. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA): This artery supplies blood to the frontal lobes of the brain, including the motor and sensory cortices responsible for movement and sensation in the lower limbs.
2. Middle cerebral artery (MCA): The MCA is the largest of the cerebral arteries and supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. It is responsible for providing blood to areas involved in motor function, sensory perception, speech, memory, and vision.
3. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA): The PCA supplies blood to the occipital lobe, which is responsible for visual processing, as well as parts of the temporal and parietal lobes.
4. Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) and posterior communicating arteries (PComAs): These are small arteries that connect the major cerebral arteries, forming an important circulatory network called the Circle of Willis. The ACoA connects the two ACAs, while the PComAs connect the ICA with the PCA and the basilar artery.

These cerebral arteries play a crucial role in maintaining proper brain function by delivering oxygenated blood to various regions of the brain. Any damage or obstruction to these arteries can lead to serious neurological conditions, such as strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs).

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Fibrinolytic agents are medications that dissolve or break down blood clots by activating plasminogen, which is converted into plasmin. Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme that degrades fibrin, the structural protein in blood clots. Fibrinolytic agents are used medically to treat conditions such as acute ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction (heart attack) by restoring blood flow in occluded vessels. Examples of fibrinolytic agents include alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase. It is important to note that these medications carry a risk of bleeding complications and should be administered with caution.

Andersen, H. Frank; Hopkins, Michael P. (2009). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The Global Library of Women's Medicine. doi:10.3843/ ... Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. The risk of ... Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. Bhalla, Rita ... Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with ...
... (UBT) is a non-surgical method of treating refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Once postpartum ... Theron, Gerhard (2018). "Management of postpartum haemorrhage with free-flow pressure controlled uterine balloon". Int J ... After performing uterine massage and evacuating the uterine cavity, the deflated balloon is inserted through the cervix into ... The Ellavi UBT is free flow pressure controlled uterine balloon that allows intra-uterine balloon pressure control by adjusting ...
Cancers of the vagina or fallopian tubes are rare causes of hemorrhage. Uterine fibroids represent a common, benign condition ... Hemorrhage associated with a pregnant state or during delivery is an obstetrical hemorrhage. Metrorrhagia (metro = womb, - ... Polyps of the uterine lining are a common cause of bleeding, but such bleeding tends to be light. Sexual assault and rape can ... Gynecologic hemorrhage needs to be evaluated as soon as possible by a physician. The amount and duration of bleeding will ...
Pregnancy increases the likelihood of uterine rupture. Maternal mortality is around 12%. Uterine hemorrhage can occur during ... uterine tearing, or premature rupture of membranes Hearing loss may occur in some types Eye: Nearsightedness, retinal tearing ...
Lang, CT; Landon, MB (March 2010). "Uterine rupture as a source of obstetrical hemorrhage". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology ... Uterine perforation Toppenberg, KS; Block WA, Jr (1 September 2002). "Uterine rupture: what family physicians need to know". ... In 2006, an extremely rare case of uterine rupture in a first pregnancy with no risk factors was reported. Uterine rupture ... Uterine dehiscence is a less severe condition in which there is only incomplete separation of the old scar. Treatment involves ...
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Trauma: Injury to the birth canal which includes the uterus, ... tears in the uterine wall or a uterine rupture. Methods used may include uterine artery ligation, ovarian artery ligation, ... Causes of postpartum hemorrhage are uterine atony, trauma, retained placenta or placental abnormalities, and coagulopathy, ... Hofmeyr, GJ; Abdel-Aleem, H; Abdel-Aleem, MA (1 July 2013). "Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage". The ...
Grattan, N. "Treatment of Uterine Haemorrhage". Provincial Medicine and Surgical Journal. Vol. 1, No. 6 (Nov. 7, 1840), p. 107 ...
Grattan, N. "Treatment of Uterine Haemorrhage". Provincial Medicine and Surgical Journal. Vol. 1, No. 6 (Nov. 7, 1840), p. 107 ...
"Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD006431. doi: ... It is used to treat uterine atony, a condition where the uterus lacks muscle tone and is soft to the touch instead of firm. ... Fundal massage can be performed with one hand over the pubic bone, firmly massaging the uterine fundus (the top of the uterus ... Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain; it may also reduce the ...
He used radium to treat uterine hemorrhages and fibroid tumors and published these techniques in the Journal of the American ... "Radium in the Treatment of Uterine Hemorrhage and Fibroid Tumors". Journal of the American Medical Association. LXIII (8): 622- ... a technique that would come to be used in postpartum hemorrhages. Kelly also dabbled with the use of radium in 1904. ...
Generally, surgeons tend to stay away from operative interventions during the pregnancy because of the risk of haemorrhage and ... Treatment options for uterine fibroids include observation or medical therapy, such a GnRH agonist, hysterectomy, uterine ... One or more incisions may be set into the uterine muscle and are repaired once the fibroid has been removed. Recovery after ... It is well known that myomectomy surgery is associated with a higher risk of uterine rupture in later pregnancy. Thus, women ...
... died around 1865 of uterine hemorrhaging. The poem dates to about 1858 (year 1275 of the Islamic calendar), and is ...
A Bakri balloon is a balloon tamponade specifically constructed for uterine postpartum hemorrhage. Bakri Balloon Tamponade (BBT ... "Management of postpartum hemorrhage by uterine balloon tamponade: Prospective evaluation of effectiveness". Acta Obstetricia et ... Sayeba Akhter and has since been supported by health workers worldwide as an effective method to stop post partum hemorrhage, ... In the uterus, balloon tamponade can alleviate or stop postpartum hemorrhage. Inflating a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in the ...
The presence of uterine leiomyomas have shown to correlate with the incidence of uterine tachysystole. Antepartum hemorrhage ... Uterine Tachysystole is a condition of excessively frequent uterine contractions during pregnancy. It is most often seen in ... Oxytocin is suspected to be a contributor to abnormally increased uterine contractions and uterine tachysystole, but further ... placental abruption or uterine rupture (for women with history of C-sections), infection, antepartum or postpartum hemorrhage, ...
"CIRSE standards of practice on gynaecological and obstetric haemorrhage". CVIR Endovascular. 3 (1): 85. doi:10.1186/s42155-020- ... The uterine arteries are ligated during hysterectomy. Uterine artery embolization Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids of the uterus) ... The uterine artery is an artery that supplies blood to the uterus in females. The uterine artery usually arises from the ... uterine tube ("tubal branch") Uterine artery can arise from the first branch of inferior gluteal artery. It can also arise as ...
Management of severe postpartum haemorrhage by uterine artery embolization Al-Fozan, Haya; Dufort, Joanne; Kaplow, Marilyn; ... Uterine artery embolization is used to treat bothersome bulk-related symptoms or abnormal or heavy uterine bleeding due to ... Uterine artery embolization is thought to work because uterine fibroids have abnormal vasculature together with aberrant ... With both uterine arteries occluded, abundant collateral circulation prevents uterine necrosis, and the fibroids decrease in ...
Used in postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony not controlled by other methods. One study has shown that carboprost ... Carboprost's main use is in the obstetrical emergency of postpartum hemorrhage which reduces postpartum bleeding during these ... "A comparison of oxytocin and carboprost tromethamine in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients ... or any of its components is also a contraindication asthma anemia jaundice diabetes mellitus seizure disorders past uterine ...
These include uterine ruptures, chronic pain, hemorrhages, and bladder injury. One of the more severe complications is placenta ... Facial nerve damage and immobility are permanent consequences from intracranial hemorrhage leading to a diminished quality of ... Complications the baby may face include cephalohematomas, hyperbilirubinemia, and intracranial hemorrhages. Asynclitic birth ... monitoring of the neonate is extremely important as intracranial hemorrhages may be imperceptible. Non-invasive techniques are ...
They cause powerful uterine contractions, leading to the expulsion of the fetus. When taken clandestinely, pregnant people do ... A common complication of overdose includes hemorrhages. In these cases, the uterus may be incompletely cleaned out, leading to ...
Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester, however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity - a so- ... Placental removal in a cervical pregnancy may result in major hemorrhage. The diagnosis is made in asymptomatic pregnant women ... Ultrasound will show the location of the gestational sac in the cervix, while the uterine cavity is "empty". Cervical pregnancy ... Nakao Y, Yokoyama M, Iwasaka T (2008). "Uterine artery embolization followed by dilation and curettage for cervical pregnancy ...
Condoms used as uterine tamponades have also been effective in stopping post-partum hemorrhage. Some maternal deaths can be ... Complications include hemorrhage, infection, sepsis and genital trauma. There are four primary types of data sources that are ... In low income countries, the most common cause of maternal death is obstetrical hemorrhage, followed by hypertensive disorders ... Third, emergency obstetric care to address the major causes of maternal death which are hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion, ...
Uterine Haemorrhage (co-authored with John Hewitt), 1926, London, Edward Arnold. "William Smellie". Journal of Obstetrics and ...
The most common mild events were prolonged hemorrhage from the puncture site and uterine contractions. In two cases, these led ... Risks of intrauterine transfusions may include uterine infection, fetal infection, preterm labor, excessive bleeding and mixing ...
WHO recommendation on uterine balloon tamponade for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. World Health Organization. 2021. ... "temporary control or reduction of postpartum hemorrhage when conservative management of uterine bleeding is warranted." One ... Xiao, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, N.; Sun, G. Q. (2023). "Bakri Balloon for Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Real-World 2016-2020 ... The device is used for the temporary control and reduction of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). According to the World Health ...
The moles may intrude so far into the uterine wall that hemorrhage or other complications develop. It is for this reason that a ... The uterine curettage is generally done under the effect of anesthesia, preferably spinal anesthesia in hemodynamically stable ... Hydatidiform moles should be treated by evacuating the uterus by uterine suction or by surgical curettage as soon as possible ... Additionally, by maintaining patient's consciousness one can diagnose the complications like uterine perforation, ...
A t-shaped uterus is a type of uterine malformation wherein the uterus is shaped resembling the letter T. This is typically ... However, risks after the procedure include placenta accreta, Asherman's syndrome and severe haemorrhage. Vaginal adenosis Ben- ... In such studies, a widening of the interstitial and isthmus of uterine tube is observed, as well as constrictions or narrowing ... Golan A, Langer R, Neuman M, Wexler S, Segev E, David MP (1992). "Obstetric outcome in women with congenital uterine ...
For uterine hemorrhaging, the most common treatment was putting ice on it and hoping that the bleeding would stop. Jackson was ... She specialized in Obstetrics and Gynaecology with a heavy focus on uterine hemorrhaging. Problems such as 'displacement of the ...
Baskett, T. (2002). "Edward Rigby (1747-1821) of Norwich and his Essay on the Uterine Haemorrhage". Journal of the Royal ...
... from the uterine lining but retained within the uterus A retained placenta is commonly a cause of postpartum haemorrhage, both ... A retained placenta thereby leads to hemorrhage. Drugs, such as intraumbilical or intravenous oxytocin, are often used in the ... Retained placenta can be broadly divided into: failed separation of the placenta from the uterine lining placenta separated ... Risks of retained placenta include hemorrhage and infection. After the placenta is delivered, the uterus should contract down ...
Chorioamnionitis and uterine and maternal skin infections are potential complications of amniocentesis that can occur as a ... Fetomaternal hemorrhage, or the entrance of fetal blood into the maternal circulation, is another complication of amniocentesis ... Events causing fetomaternal hemorrhage, such as miscarriage, trauma to the abdomen during pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, induced ... Oligohydramnios, fetomaternal hemorrhage, cell culture failure, multiple amniotic fluid extraction attempts, and infections are ...
... Leave Feedback. Note: This article was ... The College Council has agreed that midwives have the legal authority to use uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) in emergency ... postpartum haemorrhage situations, when they have the knowledge and skill to do so. Midwives are not required to carry this ...
Uterine massage is recommended as part of the routine active management of the third stage of labour. However, it is not known ... For use of uterine massage before and after delivery of the placenta, one trial recruited 1964 women in Egypt and South Africa ... Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (bleeding from the genital tract after childbirth) is a major cause of maternal mortality and ... The effect of uterine massage commenced before or after placental delivery were first assessed separately, and then the ...
... tamponade and women who underwent uterine artery embolization as an initial management for persistent postpartum hemorrhage. ... Introduction: To compare the outcomes of women who were initially managed by intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine artery ... N2 - Introduction: To compare the outcomes of women who were initially managed by intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine ... AB - Introduction: To compare the outcomes of women who were initially managed by intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine ...
"Oxytocin Exposure in Women with Uterine Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage." In Reproductive Sciences, 17:279A-280A. SAGE ... "Oxytocin Exposure in Women with Uterine Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage." Reproductive Sciences, vol. 17, no. 3, SAGE ... Oxytocin Exposure in Women with Uterine Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage. Publication , Conference ... Oxytocin Exposure in Women with Uterine Atony and Postpartum Hemorrhage. In: Reproductive Sciences. SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC; 2010 ...
Hemorrhage, Uterine; Vaginal Bleeding. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either ... keywords = haemorrhage. (Clic here for more details about this article) 18/43. Puerperal uterine inversion and shock. uterine ... keywords = haemorrhage. (Clic here for more details about this article) 16/43. Postabortal haemorrhage and disseminated ... uterine inversion is an uncommon but life-threatening obstetric emergency. A review of the approaches to correct uterine ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Uterine Hemorrhage (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and abstracts from MEDLINE/ ... Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (American Academy of Family Physicians) Also in Spanish * Vaginal Bleeding (Mayo Foundation for ... Article: Abnormal uterine bleeding in reproductive age: a comparative analysis between the... ... Article: Assessing a cut-off point for the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding... ...
Intermittent myometrial contractions and changes in uterine shape and position are normal during pregnancy. ... Neither uterine size, shape or position is permanently fixed. ... Shock associated with uterine inversion and hemorrhage. Can Med ... Uterine Torsion. Frequency. Uterine torsion is sporadically reported in association with human medicine. [34, 35, 36, 37, 38, ... Uterine Prolapse. Frequency. The incidence of uterine prolapse during pregnancy is not accurately known. [87, 49, 88] Only case ...
Andersen, H. Frank; Hopkins, Michael P. (2009). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The Global Library of Womens Medicine. doi:10.3843/ ... Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. The risk of ... Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. Rates are higher in the developing world. Bhalla, Rita ... Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with ...
... can lead to uterine atony and further hemorrhage [11].. Management of PPH begins with conservative methods, as bimanual uterine ... Severe postpartum hemorrhage with placental abruption managed by the uterine sandwich: a case report. Clin. Exp. Obstet. ... The dark red uterine body, which is termed as the Couvelaire uterus, was completely atonic and bleeding profusely. Uterine ... "The uterine sandwich for persistent uterine atony: combining the B-Lynch compression suture and an intrauterine Bakri balloon" ...
We present a rare form of recurrent secondary postpartum hemorrhage in a woman after uncomplicated cesarean delivery, with ... Others are of rare occurrence, such as vessel subinvolution (VSI) of the placental implantation site, uterine artery ... Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) represents a serious problem for women and obstetricians. Because of its association with ... Recurrent secondary postpartum hemorrhages due to placental site vessel subinvolution and local uterine tissue coagulopathy. * ...
Uterine necrosis is one of the rare complications that may follow uterine arterial embolization for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH ... Uterine necrosis following selective embolization for postpartum hemorrhage: report of four cases and review of literature. ... The authors report four cases of uterine necrosis in Korea. The mean time interval between uterine artery embolization (UAE) ... Based on these cases, the authors suggest helpful decisions for the therapeutic guidelines for uterine necrosis after UAE. ...
Postpartum hemorrhage from non-uterine arteries: clinical importance of their detection and the results of selective ... One patient underwent delayed hysterectomy for uterine infarction four months later. Conclusion Non-uterine arteries are major ... uterine arteries. Purpose To evaluate the clinical importance of identifying the non-uterine arteries causing the PPH and the ... Angiographic findings and medical records were reviewed to determine whether non-uterine arteries contributed to PPH. Arteries ...
Uterine hemorrhage. *Reduced endometrial thickness. *Fever. *Weakness. *Tinnitus. *Migraine headache. *Paresthesia (abnormal ...
Uterine Hemorrhage * Young Adult Substances * Contraceptive Agents, Female * Contraceptives, Oral, Combined * Drug Combinations ... Participants recorded drug administration and uterine bleeding on daily diary cards. Compliance was assessed by measuring ...
In this article we review the existing medical literature to assess the risks of fetomaternal hemorrhage and Rh isoimmunization ... Uterine Hemorrhage / prevention & control Substances * Rho(D) Immune Globulin ...
On Uterine Hæmorrhage Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal 1851; s1-15 :514 (Published 17 September 1851) ...
Uterine hemorrhage. Ovaritis ( Apis Mel Apis.; Belladonna Bell.; Lachesis Lach.) Wedge-like pain from ovary to uterus ... Abnormal vasoconstriction, capillary congestion followed by oedema, ecchymosis, hemorrhages, and nutritive disturbances are the ...
This type of hemorrhage is an emergency and is often fatal. Find out more here. ... A subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when blood leaks into the space between two membranes surrounding the brain. Issues with blood ... Sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of uterine fibroids. *. Hydrogel system may reduce daily Ozempic or Wegovy use in ... Several factors may lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage.. Aneurysm. Up to 80 percent of subarachnoid hemorrhages occur when a ...
... uterine fibroids can increase in size and number, taking over the uterus and worsening symptoms, and cause infertility in some ... Increased risk of excessive bleeding after birth (postpartum hemorrhage). *Growth restriction. *Abnormal fetal position (such ... Disease and Condition: Uterine Fibroids. * Seeking Help for Fibroids *When should you consult a doctor about a uterine fibroid? ... What causes uterine fibroids? Are fibroids serious? What is the best treatment for uterine fibroids? Could you be at-risk? Take ...
Abstract of Lectures on Uterine Hæmorrhage Br Med J 1872; 2 :261 (Published 07 September 1872) ...
M.; Zincum Metallicum Zinc.) Uterine hemorrhages. Female; abnormal growths; womb (cervix). Genitals. Ulcers; burn and sting; ... Violent cutting pains After stools, lasting for hours ( Ratanhia Ratanh.) Hemorrhages from bowels, profuse, bright ...
Uterine haemorrhage Patients with heavy menstrual bleeding due to uterine fibroids are at risk of excessive bleeding, which may ... Studies 3 and 4 showed efficacy in controlling uterine fibroid symptoms (e.g. uterine bleeding) and reducing fibroid size after ... The safety of ulipristal acetate has been evaluated in 1,053 women with uterine fibroids treated with 5 mg or 10 mg ulipristal ... Based on pooled data from four phase III studies in patients with uterine fibroids treated for 3 months, the following adverse ...
Uterine infections. *Low blood calcium levels (eclampsia). *Postpartum hemorrhage. If you suspect that your dog is experiencing ...
Common (1% to 10%): Pelvic pain, uterine hemorrhage, ovarian cyst. Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Menorrhagia, menstrual disorder, ...
Uterine balloon tamponade for the management of postpartum haemorrhage within health systems Read More ... Postpartum Hemorrhage *Oncology *Obstetric Fistula *NCDS *Environmental Health *Medical Ethics *Maternal Health *Healthy Ageing ...
... injuries and deaths could have been prevented if hospitals had put in place safety practices to address postpartum hemorrhage, ... Postpartum hemorrhage also occurs when small pieces of the placenta remain attached to the uterine wall after the placenta is ... What Causes Postpartum Hemorrhage?. The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is failure of the uterus to adequately ... How Is Postpartum Hemorrhage Treated?. Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage will vary depending upon the situation and severity ...
Uterine rupture is a serious childbirth complication that can occur during vaginal birth. Learn more about symptoms, causes, ... In the mother, uterine ruptures can cause major blood loss, or hemorrhage. However, fatal bleeding due to uterine rupture is ... Uterine ruptures are usually a much greater health concern for the baby. Once doctors diagnose a uterine rupture, they must act ... It almost always occurs in women with uterine scars from previous cesarean deliveries or other uterine surgeries. A womans ...
Hemorrhage, or excessive blood loss, which requires a blood transfusion. This may occur if the uterine scar ruptures. ... The main reason for a repeat cesarean section after a TOLAC is failure to progress or fetal distress, not a ruptured uterine ... However, a ruptured uterine scar is why VBAC was discouraged many decades ago. ... check with your doctor to determine your type of uterine incision. Low-transverse incisions are the most common. ...
Uterine hemorrhage can occur during the postpartum recovery.[106]. Epidemiology Edit Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are estimated to ... Pregnancy complications: increased pain, mild to moderate peripartum bleeding, cervical insufficiency, uterine tearing,[47] or ...
  • The College Council has agreed that midwives have the legal authority to use uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) in emergency postpartum haemorrhage situations, when they have the knowledge and skill to do so. (cmo.on.ca)
  • Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (bleeding from the genital tract after childbirth) is a major cause of maternal mortality and disability, particularly in under-resourced areas. (afar.info)
  • The Committee added misoprostol tablet (200 µg) for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, where oxytocin is not available or cannot be safely used. (who.int)
  • New evidence submitted to the Committee showed that misoprostol can be safely administered to women to prevent postpartum haemorrhage by traditional birth attendants or assistants trained to use the product at home deliveries. (who.int)
  • Other risk factors include uterine atony, placenta previa, and connective tissue disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • This condition is called uterine atony . (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Among healthy women, 1 in 5 have a retroverted uterus either as a normal variant of uterine position or as an acquired condition. (medscape.com)
  • Fixation of the uterus by adhesions is a risk factor for the rare pregnancy complications of uterine torsion, incarceration, or sacculation. (medscape.com)
  • This is an aneurysmal-like dilatation of the most superior portion of the uterine wall that permits the uterus to enlarge with the consequence of major anatomic distortion. (medscape.com)
  • Uterine inversion is when the uterus turns inside out, usually following childbirth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dark red uterine body, which is termed as the Couvelaire uterus, was completely atonic and bleeding profusely. (imrpress.com)
  • We present a rare form of recurrent secondary postpartum hemorrhage in a woman after uncomplicated cesarean delivery, with review of the literature linked to the management of this situation originating in the rare local VSI in the placental implantation site, defective decidual homeostasis, and coagulopathy confined to the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If left untreated, uterine fibroids can increase in size and number, taking over the uterus and worsening symptoms, and cause infertility in some women. (medicinenet.com)
  • Uterine fibroids , also called myomas or leiomyomas, are benign (noncancerous) growths that develop from the muscle tissue in the uterus. (medicinenet.com)
  • The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is failure of the uterus to adequately contract after a mother gives birth. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • After delivery, the mother's uterus normally continues to contract and expels the placenta, which is a temporary organ that attaches to the uterine wall during pregnancy that supplies the baby with nutrients and oxygen. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • If a uterine rupture causes major blood loss, surgeons may need to remove a woman's uterus to control her bleeding. (healthline.com)
  • However, since the skin incision may be different than the incision on the uterus, check with your doctor to determine your type of uterine incision. (healthnews.com)
  • When the uterine contour is distorted by a müllerian anomaly or a strategically placed leiomyoma, or an inflammatory process has occurred in the past (eg, endometriosis or salpingitis with pelvic adhesions), the uterus may become fixed in retroversion/retroflexion and lose its normal mobility. (medscape.com)
  • Introduction: To compare the outcomes of women who were initially managed by intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine artery embolization because of persistent postpartum hemorrhage demanding an immediate intervention to control bleeding. (vu.nl)
  • Material and methods: Propensity score-matched cohort study including women who had intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine artery embolization as initial management strategy to control persistent postpartum hemorrhage, that is, refractory to first-line therapy combined with at least one uterotonic agent. (vu.nl)
  • Results: Our 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort comprised of 50 women who had intrauterine balloon tamponade and 50 women who underwent uterine artery embolization at a blood loss between 1000 and 7000 mL. (vu.nl)
  • Fifteen women (30%) who were initially managed by an intrauterine balloon still underwent uterine artery embolization, of whom one had an embolization-related thrombo-embolic event. (vu.nl)
  • Conclusions: No difference in the risk of peripartum hysterectomy and/or maternal death was observed between women who had intrauterine balloon tamponade and women who underwent uterine artery embolization as an initial management for persistent postpartum hemorrhage. (vu.nl)
  • Uterine necrosis is one of the rare complications that may follow uterine arterial embolization for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and its incidence remains unknown. (imrpress.com)
  • The mean time interval between uterine artery embolization (UAE) and diagnosis of uterine necrosis was 72 days. (imrpress.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage from non-uterine arteries: clinical importance of their detection and the results of selective embolization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background Identification of the source of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is important for embolization because PPH frequently originates from non- uterine arteries . (bvsalud.org)
  • Purpose To evaluate the clinical importance of identifying the non- uterine arteries causing the PPH and the results of their selective embolization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results Of 59 patients , 19 (32.2%) underwent embolization of non- uterine arteries . (bvsalud.org)
  • In 13 patients , bilateral uterine arterial embolization was performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bilateral embolization of uterine arteries was accomplished with Gelfoam. (diagnosticimaging.com)
  • What happens when you have uterine fibroids in pregnancy? (medicinenet.com)
  • What are uterine fibroids? (medicinenet.com)
  • Medications may help treat uterine fibroids , especially in people who do not have any serious symptoms or large fibroids. (medicinenet.com)
  • Ulipristal acetate is indicated for intermittent treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids in adult women who have not reached menopause when uterine fibroid embolisation and/or surgical treatment options are not suitable or have failed. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Esmya treatment is to be initiated and supervised by physicians experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Genital bleeding of unknown aetiology or for reasons other than uterine fibroids. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Uterine fibroids are very common, occurring in approximately 70% of White women and 80% of Black women in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fibroids may cause no symptoms or can cause abnormal uterine bleeding or pressure or pain in the pelvis, and sometimes constipation, an urge to urinate frequently, infertility, or pregnancy complications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These cancerous tumors are rare, occurring in fewer than 1% of women with uterine masses that look similar to fibroids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some fibroids grow on a stalk and can protrude into the abdomen or the uterine cavity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The effect of uterine massage commenced before or after placental delivery were first assessed separately, and then the combined for an overall result. (afar.info)
  • The two trials were combined to examine the effect of uterine massage commenced either before or after delivery of the placenta. (afar.info)
  • The effectiveness of uterine massage in the absence of oxytocin was not studied. (researchgate.net)
  • To determine the effectiveness of uterine massage after birth and before or after delivery of the placenta, or both, to reduce postpartum blood loss and associated morbidity and mortality. (afar.info)
  • Because of intense haemorrhage it was namely necessary to perform additional hysterectomy and bilateral hypogastric artery ligation . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • We describe the case of a second trimester placenta accreta presenting as postabortal haemorrhage complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation , requiring hysterectomy . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • One patient underwent delayed hysterectomy for uterine infarction four months later. (bvsalud.org)
  • To determine the effectiveness of sustained uterine massage started before delivery of the placenta in reducing postpartum hemorrhage. (researchgate.net)
  • The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of uterine massage initiated before delivery of the placenta in reducing PPH. (researchgate.net)
  • All published, unpublished and ongoing randomised controlled trials comparing uterine massage alone or in addition to uterotonics before or after delivery of the placenta, or both, with non-massage. (afar.info)
  • The first trial included 200 women who were randomised to receive uterine massage or no massage following delivery of the placenta, after active management of the third stage of labour including use of oxytocin. (afar.info)
  • For use of uterine massage before and after delivery of the placenta, one trial recruited 1964 women in Egypt and South Africa. (afar.info)
  • Women were assigned to receive oxytocin, uterine massage or both after delivery of the baby but before delivery of the placenta. (afar.info)
  • A subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when blood leaks into the space between two of the membranes surrounding the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in approximately 10 in every 100,000 people in the United States, equivalent to around 30,000 new cases each year. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The bleeding in subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in the arteries just below the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • During a subarachnoid hemorrhage, the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space fills with blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The first symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage is often a sudden and severe "thunderclap headache. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, a subarachnoid hemorrhage does not cause a skin rash or fever . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Several factors may lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A severe head injury, such as a blow to the head, can cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If a person experiences a stiff neck and severe headache with no other known cause, these may be signs of a subarachnoid hemorrhage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage is an emergency. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Based on compiled clinical reports and the author's experience, the diagnosis and management of the principal types of both benign and pathologic uterine malpositionings that occur during pregnancy are described in this review. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis and appropriate correction of intrauterine anomalies are considered et d'Application en Chirurgie essential in order to increase chances of conception. (who.int)
  • group 1 received uterine massage after vaginal delivery before placental delivery (n: 128) and group 2 did not receive massage (n: 114). (researchgate.net)
  • In both centers, use of additional uterotonics was significantly higher in the uterine massage group compared with the other 2 groups. (researchgate.net)
  • The need for additional uterotonics was significantly reduced in the uterine massage group (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.50). (afar.info)
  • Although this study was underpowered to demonstrate equivalence, our study design provides a framework for future research in which intrauterine balloon tamponade may prove to be a suitable intervention of first choice in the management of persistent postpartum hemorrhage. (vu.nl)
  • After an intrauterine Bakri balloon and B-Lynch suture were applied and uterine bleeding was controlled. (imrpress.com)
  • The Bakri balloon is a fluid-filled tamponade balloon that is inserted into the uterine cavity to achieve temporary control or reduction of PPH [ 4 ]. (imrpress.com)
  • Occasionally, the B-Lynch suture has been combined with the Bakri balloon, which is termed as the uterine sandwich, to achieve successful hemostasis [ 6 - 8 ], but no prior reports have described the use of a uterine sandwich for managing placental abruption. (imrpress.com)
  • Present Member/advisor studygroup WHO Intra Uterine Balloon tamponade for Post Partum Hemorrhage. (umcutrecht.nl)
  • Others are of rare occurrence, such as vessel subinvolution (VSI) of the placental implantation site, uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, or trauma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CLINICAL FEATURES: A 27-year-old Caucasian woman induced antepartum haemorrhage and rupture of membranes with a knitting needle at 26 weeks' gestation, leading to delivery of the infant . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Uterine rupture is a rare, but serious childbirth complication that can occur during vaginal birth. (healthline.com)
  • A woman's risk of uterine rupture increases with every cesarean section. (healthline.com)
  • This puts more women are at risk of uterine rupture. (healthline.com)
  • What are the symptoms of uterine rupture? (healthline.com)
  • What causes uterine rupture? (healthline.com)
  • When a uterine rupture occurs, the uterus's contents - including the baby - may spill into the mother's abdomen. (healthline.com)
  • What are the risks of uterine rupture? (healthline.com)
  • A uterine rupture can be a life-threatening complication of childbirth for both the mother and the baby. (healthline.com)
  • However, fatal bleeding due to uterine rupture is rare when it occurs in a hospital. (healthline.com)
  • Once doctors diagnose a uterine rupture, they must act quickly to pull the baby from the mother. (healthline.com)
  • How is uterine rupture diagnosed? (healthline.com)
  • Uterine rupture happens suddenly and can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are often nonspecific. (healthline.com)
  • If doctors suspect uterine rupture, they'll look for signs of a baby's distress, such as a slow heart rate. (healthline.com)
  • How is uterine rupture treated? (healthline.com)
  • What is the outlook of uterine rupture? (healthline.com)
  • The more quickly a uterine rupture is diagnosed and the mother and baby are treated, the greater their chances of survival. (healthline.com)
  • Can uterine rupture be prevented? (healthline.com)
  • The only way to prevent uterine rupture is to have a cesarean delivery. (healthline.com)
  • A uterine rupture shouldn't stop you from choosing vaginal birth. (healthline.com)
  • Severe hemorrhage after the menopause from rupture of a vein in the endometrium. (nih.gov)
  • In some people, uterine inversion or uterine rupture may also be a cause. (denverhealth.org)
  • A systematic review found that the incidence of complications, such as premature delivery, need for cesarean section, and poor perinatal outcomes, was lower among cases of uterine incarceration that were diagnosed before 20 weeks of gestation. (medscape.com)
  • The authors report four cases of uterine necrosis in Korea. (imrpress.com)
  • The uterine sandwich is an effective option for the treatment of severe PPH. (imrpress.com)
  • A hemorrhage of this type can lead to a stroke and often has severe consequences. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • An estimated 2.9 percent of women who give birth in the U.S. will suffer from postpartum hemorrhage (defined by the World Health Organization as a blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after birth, while severe PPH is defined as a blood loss of 1000 ml or more within the same timeframe), according to the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses . (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • An untreated uterine fibroid may also cause infertility in some women, although removal of the fibroid in such women can restore fertility . (medicinenet.com)
  • When should you consult a doctor about a uterine fibroid? (medicinenet.com)
  • To diagnose a uterine fibroid, the doctor may perform a transvaginal ultrasound in which an ultrasound wand is inserted into the vagina. (medicinenet.com)
  • Can medications treat uterine fibroid? (medicinenet.com)
  • pregnancy outcome after operative correction of puerperal uterine inversion . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • A review of the approaches to correct uterine inversion is presented. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Uncommonly, obstetric complications result from acute or chronic changes in uterine shape or position prior to labor (retroversion or incarceration, prolapse, torsion, herniation or sacculation), during labor (pathologic retractions rings), or postpartum (acute or chronic inversion). (medscape.com)
  • Uterine inversion occurs in about 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 10,000 deliveries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Up to 80 percent of subarachnoid hemorrhages occur when a cerebral aneurysm ruptures. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A variety of symptoms are associated with uterine ruptures. (healthline.com)
  • In the mother, uterine ruptures can cause major blood loss, or hemorrhage. (healthline.com)
  • Uterine ruptures are usually a much greater health concern for the baby. (healthline.com)
  • About 6 percent of babies don't survive their mothers' uterine ruptures. (healthline.com)
  • This may occur if the uterine scar ruptures. (healthnews.com)
  • Clinical considerations and sonographic findings of a large nonpedunculated primary cervical leiomyoma complicated by heavy vaginal haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • A total of 1964 pregnant women were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups: intramuscular oxytocin, sustained uterine massage, or both treatments. (researchgate.net)
  • Uterine massage was less effective than oxytocin for reducing blood loss after delivery. (researchgate.net)
  • When oxytocin was used, there was no additional benefit from uterine massage. (researchgate.net)
  • This study showed that uterine massage alone was associated with greater blood loss 30 min after delivery compared to treatment with oxytocin with or without massage. (researchgate.net)
  • When uterine retroversion with incarceration develops for any reason during pregnancy, acute symptoms and serious complications are possible, and initial misdiagnosis is frequent. (medscape.com)
  • In this article we review the existing medical literature to assess the risks of fetomaternal hemorrhage and Rh isoimmunization after complications of a first-trimester pregnancy, induced abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. (nih.gov)
  • Angiographic findings and medical records were reviewed to determine whether non- uterine arteries contributed to PPH. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arteries showing extravasation or hypertrophy accompanying uterine hypervascular staining were regarded as sources of the PPH. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion Non- uterine arteries are major sources of PPH. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aneurysms associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages tend to occur in a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The outcome of future pregnancies may be complicated by placenta accreta and massive haemorrhage. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Bimanual examination was notable for the presence of a large firm mass fixed to the uterine cervix. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Uterine retroversion in nonpregnant women is now recognized as a normal variant that, in most cases, does not result in symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • In only about 2% of uterine retroversions diagnosed during the first trimester does the condition progress to incarceration associated with urinary retention or other acute symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Symptoms do not often become apparent until a hemorrhage occurs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage also occurs when small pieces of the placenta remain attached to the uterine wall after the placenta is expelled. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • It almost always occurs in women with uterine scars from previous cesarean deliveries or other uterine surgeries. (healthline.com)
  • However, if retroversion persists into the midtrimester, uterine incarceration is possible, but the likelihood of this complication is low. (medscape.com)
  • Uterine hemorrhage at and after the menopause. (nih.gov)
  • The main reason for a repeat cesarean section after a TOLAC is failure to progress or fetal distress, not a ruptured uterine scar. (healthnews.com)
  • Based on these cases, the authors suggest helpful decisions for the therapeutic guidelines for uterine necrosis after UAE. (imrpress.com)
  • Clinical signs included hemorrhage and sudden death, with hepatic necrosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma, also known as malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive form of corpus uteri tumor. (cytojournal.com)
  • Many of those injuries and deaths could have been prevented if hospitals had put in place safety practices to address postpartum hemorrhage , which is excessive bleeding following childbirth. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Hemorrhage , or excessive blood loss, which requires a blood transfusion. (healthnews.com)
  • Randomized controlled trials have reported conflicting results regarding the efficacy of uterine massage for the prevention of PPH after vaginal delivery [3, 4,12]. (researchgate.net)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) represents a serious problem for women and obstetricians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to CHOP, some women are at greater risk for postpartum hemorrhaging than others. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Intermittent myometrial contractions and changes in uterine shape and position are normal during pregnancy . (medscape.com)
  • If the contractions are not strong enough, the blood vessels will bleed freely, causing postpartum hemorrhage. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • However, a ruptured uterine scar is why VBAC was discouraged many decades ago. (healthnews.com)
  • Demographic characteristics, delivery times of the baby and placenta, duration of uterine massage, amount of postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemoglobin values of both groups were recorded. (researchgate.net)
  • If shown to be effective, uterine massage would represent a simple intervention with the potential to have a major effect on PPH and maternal mortality in under-resourced settings. (afar.info)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant factor in maternal mortality and morbidity. (imrpress.com)
  • Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall ( placental abruption ). (mountsinai.org)
  • Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of uterine massage performed before placental delivery on the third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. (researchgate.net)