Sclerotherapy
Venous Insufficiency
Femoral Vein
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex
Sclerosing Solutions
Popliteal Vein
Laser Therapy
Stockings, Compression
Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate
Compression Bandages
Varicose Ulcer
Pulmonary Veins
Jugular Veins
Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
Venous Valves
Venous Pressure
Photoplethysmography
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
Tourniquets
Phlebography
Transillumination
Mesenteric Veins
Umbilical Veins
Iliac Vein
Treatment Outcome
Angioplasty, Laser
Lower Extremity
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Hemorrhoids
Prospective Studies
Peroneal Neuropathies
Subclavian Vein
Telangiectasis
Catheter Ablation
Splenic Vein
Mid-term results of endoscopic perforator vein interruption for chronic venous insufficiency: lessons learned from the North American subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery registry. The North American Study Group. (1/708)
PURPOSE: The safety, feasibility, and early efficacy of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency were established in a preliminary report. The long-term clinical outcome and the late complications after SEPS are as yet undetermined. METHODS: The North American Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery registry collected information on 148 SEPS procedures that were performed in 17 centers in the United States and Canada between August 1, 1993, and February 15, 1996. The data analysis in this study focused on mid-term outcome in 146 patients. RESULTS: One hundred forty-six patients (79 men and 67 women; mean age, 56 years; range, 27 to 87 years) underwent SEPS. One hundred and one patients (69%) had active ulcers (class 6), and 21 (14%) had healed ulcers (class 5). One hundred and three patients (71%) underwent concomitant venous procedures (stripping, 70; high ligation, 17; varicosity avulsion alone, 16). There were no deaths or pulmonary embolisms. One deep venous thrombosis occurred at 2 months. The follow-up periods averaged 24 months (range, 1 to 53 months). Cumulative ulcer healing at 1 year was 88% (median time to healing, 54 days). Concomitant ablation of superficial reflux and lack of deep venous obstruction predicted ulcer healing (P <.05). Clinical score improved from 8.93 to 3.98 at the last follow-up (P <. 0001). Cumulative ulcer recurrence at 1 year was 16% and at 2 years was 28% (standard error, < 10%). Post-thrombotic limbs had a higher 2-year cumulative recurrence rate (46%) than did those limbs with primary valvular incompetence (20%; P <.05). Twenty-eight of the 122 patients (23%) who had class 5 or class 6 ulcers before surgery had an active ulcer at the last follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: The interruption of perforators with ablation of superficial reflux is effective in decreasing the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and rapidly healing ulcers. Recurrence or new ulcer development, however, is still significant, particularly in post-thrombotic limbs. The reevaluation of the indications for SEPS is warranted because operations in patients without previous deep vein thrombosis are successful but operations in those patients with deep vein thrombosis are less successful. Operations on patients with deep vein occlusion have poor outcomes. (+info)Duplex-derived evidence of reflux after varicose vein surgery: neoreflux or neovascularisation? (2/708)
BACKGROUND: Recurrent varicose veins remain a problem in surgical practice despite improvements to the preoperative investigation of, and surgery for varicose veins. Neovascularisation accounts for some cases of recurrence within a few years of surgery, but other factors relating to disease progression must also play a part. We investigated whether new venous reflux (neoreflux) could occur in the early postoperative period (within 6 weeks) following successful varicose vein surgery. METHODS: Eighteen-month prospective observational study in the dedicated vascular surgery unit of a university teaching hospital. Forty-six patients, with primary saphenofemoral junction reflux, awaiting varicose vein surgery were chosen consecutively from the waiting list. All saphenofemoral surgery was performed in a standardised fashion. Assessments were performed prior to, at 6 weeks and at 1 year after surgery. Duplex ultrasound was used to identify and locate sites of reflux. RESULTS: Neoreflux was present at the 6-week postoperative scan in nine limbs after varicose vein surgery (19.6%), and resolved in 55.6% of patients within 1 year. Neovascularisation was noted in two limbs at the 1-year scan. CONCLUSION: New sites of reflux, which may resolve spontaneously, occur in the early postoperative period despite adequate varicose vein surgery. It is our hypothesis that this is a manifestation of the effect of altered venous haemodynamics in a system of susceptible veins. (+info)Towards measurement of outcome for patients with varicose veins. (3/708)
OBJECTIVE: To develop a valid and reliable outcome measure for patients with varicose veins. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey of patients with varicose veins. SETTING: Surgical outpatient departments and training general practices in Grampian region. SUBJECTS: 373 patients, 287 of whom had just been referred to hospital for their varicose veins and 86 who had just consulted a general practitioner for this condition and, for comparison, a random sample of 900 members of the general population. MAIN MEASURES: Content validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity. RESULTS: 281(76%) patients (mean age 45.8; 76% female) and 542(60%) of the general population (mean age 47.9; 54% female) responded. The questionnaire had good internal consistency as measured by item-total correlations. Factor analysis identified four important health factors: pain and dysfunction, cosmetic appearance, extent of varicosity and complications. The validity of the questionnaire was demonstrated by a high correlation with the SF-36 health profile, which is a general measure of patients' health. The perceived health of patients with varicose veins, as measured by the SF-36, was significantly lower than that of the sample of the general population adjusted for age and a lower proportion of women. CONCLUSION: A clinically derived questionnaire can provide a valid and reliable tool to assess the perceived health of patients with varicose veins. IMPLICATIONS: The questionnaire may be used to justify surgical treatment of varicose veins. (+info)SF 36 health survey questionnaire: I. Reliability in two patient based studies. (4/708)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of the SF 36 health survey questionnaire in two patient populations. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire followed up, if necessary, by two reminders at two week intervals. Retest questionnaires were administered postally at two weeks in the first study and at one week in the second study. SETTING: Outpatient clinics and four training general practices in Grampian region in the north east of Scotland (study 1); a gastroenterology outpatient clinic in Aberdeen Royal Hospitals Trust (study 2). PATIENTS: 1787 patients presenting with one of four conditions: low back pain, menorrhagia, suspected peptic ulcer, and varicose veins and identified between March and June 1991 (study 1) and 573 patients attending a gastroenterology clinic in April 1993. MAIN MEASURES: Assessment of internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and of test-retest reliability with the Pearson correlation coefficient and confidence interval analysis. RESULTS: In study 1, 1317 of 1746 (75.4%) correctly identified patients entered the study and in study 2, 549 of 573 (95.8%). Both methods of assessing reliability produced similar results for most of the SF 36 scales. The most conservative estimates of reliability gave 95% confidence intervals for an individual patient's score difference ranging from -19 to 19 for the scales measuring physical functioning and general health perceptions, to -65.7 to 65.7 for the scale measuring role limitations attributable to emotional problems. In a controlled clinical trial with sample sizes of 65 patients in each group, statistically significant differences of 20 points can be detected on all eight SF 36 scales. CONCLUSIONS: All eight scales of the SF 36 questionnaire show high reliability when used to monitor health in groups of patients, and at least four scales possess adequate reliability for use in managing individual patients. Further studies are required to test the feasibility of implementing the SF 36 and other outcome measures in routine clinical practice within the health service. (+info)SF 36 health survey questionnaire: II. Responsiveness to changes in health status in four common clinical conditions. (5/708)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the responsiveness of the SF 36 health survey questionnaire to changes in health status over time for four common clinical conditions. DESIGN: Postal questionnaires at baseline and after one year's follow up, with two reminders at two week intervals if necessary. SETTING: Clinics and four training general practices in Grampian region in the north east of Scotland. PATIENTS: More than 1,700 patients aged 16 to 86 years with one of four conditions: low back pain, menorrhagia, suspected peptic ulcer, and varicose veins; and a random sample of 900 members of the local general population for comparison. MAIN MEASURES: A transition question measuring change in health and the eight scales of the SF 36 health survey questionnaire; standardised response means (mean change in score for a scale divided by the standard deviation of the change in scores) used to quantify the instrument's responsiveness to changes in perceived health status, and comparison of patient scores at baseline and follow up with those of the general population. RESULTS: The response rate exceeded 75% in a patient population. Changes across the SF 36 questionnaire were associated with self reported changes in health, as measured by the transition question. The questionnaire showed significant improvements in health status for all four clinical conditions, whether in referred or non-referred patients. For patients with suspected peptic ulcer and varicose veins the SF 36 profiles at one year approximate to the general population. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide the first evidence of the responsiveness of the SF 36 questionnaire to changes in perceived health status in a patient population in the United Kingdom. (+info)Understanding the basis of treatment choices for varicose veins: a model for decision making with the repertory grid technique. (6/708)
OBJECTIVES: To use the repertory grid technique as a method for identifying and rating the criteria that clinicians use to make a choice between the different treatment options for patients with a common condition such as varicose veins. DESIGN: The "expert panel" consensus method for rating the appropriateness of clinical procedures was modified with an existing psychometric method, the repertory grid technique. To identify the criteria used to decide about treatment, the panel members compared and contrasted a range of nine "treatment prototypes". They were then required to rate each criterion for its relevance to each treatment prototype. SETTING: The panel was selected from different geographical locations in the South Western Regional Health Authority. SUBJECTS: The expert panel was composed of six vascular surgeons, three from teaching and three from non-teaching hospitals; two general practitioners who were also clinical assistants in vascular surgery; and one honorary senior lecturer in general practice. MAIN MEASURES: Decision making criteria were categorised according to their content. Their frequency of replication was noted-that is, how many clinicians used the same criterion. Computer analysis of the rating scores for the nine panel members identified the relative importance of each treatment criterion for each treatment option. RESULTS: 161 criteria for the treatment of varicose veins were elicited from the nine participants. These criteria were wide ranging, from clinical indications (48% of those used), to social (32%), and organisational factors (20%). Clinical indications were more likely to be used when deciding about surgery as a high priority, whereas social and organisational criteria were more likely to be applied in decisions about surgery as a low priority, day case surgery, and cosmetic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The repertory grid technique proved to be effective in modelling decision making for a condition such as varicose veins: its use enabled both the identification of the wide range of criteria underlying the decision to treat and the exploration of the relative importance of these criteria in relation to several treatment options. Its potential as a method for reducing variation in clinical decision making and thus improving distribution of high quality care lies in its ability to pinpoint dilemmas of decision making rather than as the basis for drawing up guidelines to regulate decision making practice. (+info)Effect of remifentanil on the auditory evoked response and haemodynamic changes after intubation and surgical incision. (7/708)
We have observed the effect of intubation and incision, as measured by the auditory evoked response (AER) and haemodynamic variables, in 12 patients undergoing hernia repair or varicose vein surgery who received remifentanil as part of either an inhaled anaesthetic technique using isoflurane or as part of a total i.v. technique using propofol. Anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil 1 microgram kg-1 and propofol, neuromuscular block was achieved with atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 before intubation, and anaesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusion of remifentanil in combination with either a continuous infusion of propofol or inhaled isoflurane. The AER and haemodynamic variables were measured before and after intubation and incision. The effects of intubation and incision on the AER and haemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-isoflurane groups. However, the study had a low power for this comparison. When the data for the two anaesthetic combinations were pooled, the only significant effects were increases in diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate immediately after intubation; these were not seen 5 min after intubation. There were no cardiovascular responses to incision. There were no significant changes in the AER after intubation or incision. (+info)Stripping the long saphenous vein reduces the rate of reoperation for recurrent varicose veins: five-year results of a randomized trial. (8/708)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible long-term clinical advantages of stripping the long saphenous vein during routine primary varicose vein surgery. METHODS: The study was designed as a 5-year, clinical and duplex scan follow-up examination of a group of patients who were randomized to stripping of the long saphenous vein during varicose vein surgery versus saphenofemoral ligation alone. The study was conducted in the vascular unit of a district general hospital. One hundred patients (133 legs) with uncomplicated primary long saphenous varicose veins originally were randomized. After invitation 5 years later, 78 patients (110 legs) underwent clinical review and duplex scan imaging. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients remained pleased with the results of their surgery (35 of 39 stripped vs 30 of 39 ligated; P = .13). Reoperation, either done or awaited, for recurrent long saphenous veins was necessary for three of 52 of the legs that underwent stripping versus 12 of 58 ligated legs. The relative risk was 0.28, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.13 to 0.59 (P = .02). Neovascularization at the saphenofemoral junction was responsible for 10 of 12 recurrent veins that underwent reoperation and also was the cause of recurrent saphenofemoral incompetence in 12 of 52 stripped veins versus 30 of 58 ligated legs. The relative risk was 0.45, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.26 to 0.78 (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Stripping reduced the risk of reoperation by two thirds after 5 years and should be routine for primary long saphenous varicose veins. (+info)Varicose veins are defined as enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins often appearing blue or dark purple, which usually occur in the legs. They are caused by weakened valves and vein walls that can't effectively push blood back toward the heart. This results in a buildup of blood, causing the veins to bulge and become varicose.
The condition is generally harmless but may cause symptoms like aching, burning, muscle cramp, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs. In some cases, varicose veins can lead to more serious problems, such as skin ulcers, blood clots, or chronic venous insufficiency. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, compression stockings, and medical procedures like sclerotherapy, laser surgery, or endovenous ablation.
The saphenous vein is a term used in anatomical description to refer to the great or small saphenous veins, which are superficial veins located in the lower extremities of the human body.
The great saphenous vein (GSV) is the longest vein in the body and originates from the medial aspect of the foot, ascending along the medial side of the leg and thigh, and drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction, located in the upper third of the thigh.
The small saphenous vein (SSV) is a shorter vein that originates from the lateral aspect of the foot, ascends along the posterior calf, and drains into the popliteal vein at the saphenopopliteal junction, located in the popliteal fossa.
These veins are often used as conduits for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery due to their consistent anatomy and length.
Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart. They have a lower pressure than arteries and contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Veins have a thin, flexible wall with a larger lumen compared to arteries, allowing them to accommodate more blood volume. The color of veins is often blue or green due to the absorption characteristics of light and the reduced oxygen content in the blood they carry.
Sclerotherapy is a medical procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. It involves the injection of a solution (called a sclerosant) directly into the affected vein, which causes the vein to collapse and eventually fade away. The sclerosant works by irritating the lining of the vein, causing it to swell and stick together, which then leads to clotting and the eventual reabsorption of the vein by the body.
The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office or outpatient setting and may require multiple sessions depending on the severity and number of veins being treated. Common side effects include bruising, swelling, and discomfort at the injection site, as well as the possibility of developing brownish pigmentation or small ulcers near the treatment area. However, these side effects are usually temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks.
Sclerotherapy is considered a safe and effective treatment for varicose veins and spider veins, with high success rates and low complication rates. It is important to note that while sclerotherapy can improve the appearance of affected veins, it does not prevent new veins from developing in the future.
Venous insufficiency is a medical condition that occurs when the veins, particularly in the legs, have difficulty returning blood back to the heart due to impaired valve function or obstruction in the vein. This results in blood pooling in the veins, leading to symptoms such as varicose veins, swelling, skin changes, and ulcers. Prolonged venous insufficiency can cause chronic pain and affect the quality of life if left untreated.
The femoral vein is the large vein that runs through the thigh and carries oxygen-depleted blood from the lower limbs back to the heart. It is located in the femoral triangle, along with the femoral artery and nerve. The femoral vein begins at the knee as the popliteal vein, which then joins with the deep vein of the thigh to form the femoral vein. As it moves up the leg, it is joined by several other veins, including the great saphenous vein, before it becomes the external iliac vein at the inguinal ligament in the groin.
Ultrasonography, Doppler, and Duplex are diagnostic medical techniques that use sound waves to create images of internal body structures and assess their function. Here are the definitions for each:
1. Ultrasonography: Also known as ultrasound, this is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal organs and tissues. A small handheld device called a transducer is placed on the skin surface, which emits and receives sound waves. The returning echoes are then processed to create real-time visual images of the internal structures.
2. Doppler: This is a type of ultrasound that measures the velocity and direction of blood flow in the body by analyzing the frequency shift of the reflected sound waves. It can be used to assess blood flow in various parts of the body, such as the heart, arteries, and veins.
3. Duplex: Duplex ultrasonography is a combination of both gray-scale ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound. It provides detailed images of internal structures, as well as information about blood flow velocity and direction. This technique is often used to evaluate conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, carotid artery stenosis, and peripheral arterial disease.
In summary, ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of internal structures, Doppler is a type of ultrasound that measures blood flow velocity and direction, and duplex is a combination of both techniques that provides detailed images and information about blood flow.
Sclerosing solutions are medications or substances that are used to intentionally cause the scarring and hardening (sclerosis) of tissue, usually in the context of treating various medical conditions. These solutions work by irritating the interior lining of blood vessels or other targeted tissues, leading to the formation of a fibrous scar and the eventual closure of the affected area.
One common use of sclerosing solutions is in the treatment of abnormal veins, such as varicose veins or spider veins. A solution like sodium tetradecyl sulfate or polidocanol is injected directly into the problematic vein, causing inflammation and eventual closure of the vein. The body then gradually absorbs the closed vein, reducing its appearance and associated symptoms.
Other medical applications for sclerosing solutions include the treatment of lymphatic malformations, hydroceles, and certain types of tumors or cysts. It is essential to administer these substances under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to complications such as infection, tissue damage, or embolism.
The popliteal vein is the continuation of the tibial and fibular (or anterior and posterior tibial) veins, forming in the lower leg's back portion or popliteal fossa. It carries blood from the leg towards the heart. The popliteal vein is located deep within the body and is accompanied by the popliteal artery, which supplies oxygenated blood to the lower leg. This venous structure is a crucial part of the venous system in the lower extremities and is often assessed during physical examinations for signs of venous insufficiency or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Vascular surgical procedures are operations that are performed to treat conditions and diseases related to the vascular system, which includes the arteries, veins, and capillaries. These procedures can be invasive or minimally invasive and are often used to treat conditions such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysms, and venous insufficiency.
Some examples of vascular surgical procedures include:
* Endarterectomy: a procedure to remove plaque buildup from the inside of an artery
* Bypass surgery: creating a new path for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed artery
* Angioplasty and stenting: using a balloon to open a narrowed artery and placing a stent to keep it open
* Aneurysm repair: surgically repairing an aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of an artery that has bulged out and filled with blood
* Embolectomy: removing a blood clot from a blood vessel
* Thrombectomy: removing a blood clot from a vein
These procedures are typically performed by vascular surgeons, who are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
Laser therapy, also known as phototherapy or laser photobiomodulation, is a medical treatment that uses low-intensity lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to stimulate healing, reduce pain, and decrease inflammation. It works by promoting the increase of cellular metabolism, blood flow, and tissue regeneration through the process of photobiomodulation.
The therapy can be used on patients suffering from a variety of acute and chronic conditions, including musculoskeletal injuries, arthritis, neuropathic pain, and wound healing complications. The wavelength and intensity of the laser light are precisely controlled to ensure a safe and effective treatment.
During the procedure, the laser or LED device is placed directly on the skin over the area of injury or discomfort. The non-ionizing light penetrates the tissue without causing heat or damage, interacting with chromophores in the cells to initiate a series of photochemical reactions. This results in increased ATP production, modulation of reactive oxygen species, and activation of transcription factors that lead to improved cellular function and reduced pain.
In summary, laser therapy is a non-invasive, drug-free treatment option for various medical conditions, providing patients with an alternative or complementary approach to traditional therapies.
Compression stockings are a specialized type of hosiery that applies pressure to your legs, promoting better blood flow. They are tightest at the ankle and gradually become less constrictive up the leg. This gradient compression helps to counteract the force of gravity and promote venous return, reducing the pooling of blood in the lower extremities.
Compression stockings are often used to help prevent or treat various conditions related to poor circulation, including:
1. Varicose veins: Enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins that are easily visible just under the surface of the skin.
2. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Compression stockings can help reduce the risk of DVT after certain surgeries or during long periods of immobilization.
3. Edema: Swelling in the legs and ankles due to fluid buildup.
4. Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition where the veins have difficulty returning blood from the legs back to the heart, leading to symptoms like leg pain, swelling, and skin changes.
5. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS): A long-term complication of DVT characterized by chronic leg pain, swelling, and skin ulcers. Compression stockings can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.
There are different levels of compression available, ranging from mild (15-20 mmHg) to extra firm (50-60 mmHg). Your healthcare provider will recommend the appropriate level based on your specific condition and needs. It is essential to wear compression stockings correctly for them to be effective and avoid skin irritation or other complications.
The portal vein is the large venous trunk that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (draining the small intestine and a portion of the large intestine) and the splenic vein (draining the spleen and pancreas). The portal vein then divides into right and left branches within the liver, where the blood flows through the sinusoids and gets enriched with oxygen and nutrients before being drained by the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. This unique arrangement allows the liver to process and detoxify the absorbed nutrients, remove waste products, and regulate metabolic homeostasis.
Sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) is a sclerosing agent that is used in the treatment of small varicose veins and spider veins. It works by irritating the lining of the blood vessel, causing it to swell and stick together, which ultimately leads to the closure of the affected vein.
When STS is injected into the vein, it causes local inflammation, which triggers the body's natural healing process. Over time, the treated vein turns into scar tissue and gets absorbed by the body. This procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office and may require multiple sessions for optimal results.
It is important to note that STS should only be administered by trained medical professionals, as improper use can lead to serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Compression bandages are medical devices used to apply pressure on a part of the body, typically on limbs such as arms or legs. They are often used in the treatment of venous disorders, lymphatic disorders, and wounds, including venous ulcers, leg edema, and chronic swelling. The compression helps to promote better blood flow, reduce swelling, and aid in the healing process by helping to prevent fluid buildup in the tissues. They are usually made from elastic materials that allow for adjustable levels of compression and can be wrapped around the affected area in a specific manner to ensure proper fit and effectiveness. It is important to receive proper instruction on the application and removal of compression bandages to ensure they are used safely and effectively.
A varicose ulcer is a type of chronic wound that typically occurs on the lower leg, often as a result of poor circulation and venous insufficiency. These ulcers form when there is increased pressure in the veins, leading to damage and leakage of fluids into the surrounding tissues. Over time, this can cause the skin to break down and form an open sore or ulcer.
Varicose ulcers are often associated with varicose veins, which are swollen and twisted veins that are visible just beneath the surface of the skin. These veins have weakened walls and valves, which can lead to the pooling of blood and fluid in the lower legs. This increased pressure can cause damage to the surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of an ulcer.
Varicose ulcers are typically slow to heal and may require extensive treatment, including compression therapy, wound care, and sometimes surgery. Risk factors for developing varicose ulcers include obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and a history of deep vein thrombosis or other circulatory problems.
Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. There are four pulmonary veins in total, two from each lung, and they are the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood. The oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins is then pumped by the left ventricle to the rest of the body through the aorta. Any blockage or damage to the pulmonary veins can lead to various cardiopulmonary conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure.
The jugular veins are a pair of large, superficial veins that carry blood from the head and neck to the heart. They are located in the neck and are easily visible when looking at the side of a person's neck. The external jugular vein runs along the surface of the muscles in the neck, while the internal jugular vein runs within the carotid sheath along with the carotid artery and the vagus nerve.
The jugular veins are important in clinical examinations because they can provide information about a person's cardiovascular function and intracranial pressure. For example, distention of the jugular veins may indicate heart failure or increased intracranial pressure, while decreased venous pulsations may suggest a low blood pressure or shock.
It is important to note that medical conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can also affect the jugular veins and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
Ultrasonography, Doppler, color is a type of diagnostic ultrasound technique that uses the Doppler effect to produce visual images of blood flow in vessels and the heart. The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the source of the wave. In this context, it refers to the change in frequency of the ultrasound waves as they reflect off moving red blood cells.
In color Doppler ultrasonography, different colors are used to represent the direction and speed of blood flow. Red typically represents blood flowing toward the transducer (the device that sends and receives sound waves), while blue represents blood flowing away from the transducer. The intensity or brightness of the color is proportional to the velocity of blood flow.
Color Doppler ultrasonography is often used in conjunction with grayscale ultrasound imaging, which provides information about the structure and composition of tissues. Together, these techniques can help diagnose a wide range of conditions, including heart disease, blood clots, and abnormalities in blood flow.
Venous valves are one-way flaps made of thin, flexible tissue that lie inside your veins. They allow blood to flow towards the heart but prevent it from flowing backward. These valves are especially important in the veins of the legs, where they help to counteract the force of gravity and ensure that blood flows back up to the heart. When venous valves become damaged or weakened, blood can pool in the veins, leading to conditions such as varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency.
Venous pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of a vein, which varies depending on several factors such as the volume and flow of blood within the vein, the contractile state of the surrounding muscles, and the position of the body. In clinical settings, venous pressure is often measured in the extremities (e.g., arms or legs) to assess the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Central venous pressure (CVP) is a specific type of venous pressure that refers to the pressure within the large veins that enter the right atrium of the heart. CVP is an important indicator of right heart function and fluid status, as it reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump it forward. Normal CVP ranges from 0 to 8 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) in adults.
Elevated venous pressure can be caused by various conditions such as heart failure, obstruction of blood flow, or fluid overload, while low venous pressure may indicate dehydration or blood loss. Accurate measurement and interpretation of venous pressure require specialized equipment and knowledge, and are typically performed by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting.
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive method used to measure changes in blood volume in the microvascular bed of tissue, typically the skin. It is based on the principle that light absorption and reflection by the skin change as the amount of blood in the capillaries changes due to the cardiac cycle.
A PPG sensor consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) that emits light at a specific wavelength, typically red or infrared, and a photodiode detector that measures the intensity of the transmitted or reflected light. The LED is placed in contact with the skin, and as the blood volume in the capillaries changes during the cardiac cycle, the amount of light absorbed or reflected by the skin also changes.
The PPG signal provides information about the cardiovascular system, including heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular tone. It is widely used in medical devices such as pulse oximeters, which measure oxygen saturation in the blood, and wearable devices for monitoring vital signs.
In medical terms, the leg refers to the lower portion of the human body that extends from the knee down to the foot. It includes the thigh (femur), lower leg (tibia and fibula), foot, and ankle. The leg is primarily responsible for supporting the body's weight and enabling movements such as standing, walking, running, and jumping.
The leg contains several important structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, nerves, and joints. These structures work together to provide stability, support, and mobility to the lower extremity. Common medical conditions that can affect the leg include fractures, sprains, strains, infections, peripheral artery disease, and neurological disorders.
Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome (KTWS) is a rare and complex congenital vascular disorder that affects the development of blood vessels, soft tissues, and bones. It is also known as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome or KTS.
The medical definition of KTWS includes the following features:
1. Port-wine stain (capillary malformation): A red or purple birthmark caused by an abnormal collection of blood vessels in the skin, often present at birth and usually affecting one limb or part of the body.
2. Venous and lymphatic abnormalities: Varicose veins, dilated veins, or abnormal vein patterns may be present, along with lymphatic malformations that can cause swelling in the affected area.
3. Soft tissue and bone hypertrophy: Overgrowth of soft tissues and bones in the affected limb or region, leading to asymmetry and sometimes functional impairment.
4. Other possible features: May include skin abnormalities, such as increased hair growth or changes in texture; joint deformities; and orthopedic problems, like scoliosis or hip dysplasia.
It is important to note that the severity of KTWS can vary significantly from person to person, ranging from mild symptoms to severe cases with significant functional impairment. The condition is not typically life-threatening but may require ongoing medical management and surveillance to address potential complications, such as infections, bleeding, or deep vein thrombosis.
In medical terms, the "groin" refers to the area where the lower abdomen meets the thigh. It is located on both sides of the body, in front of the upper part of each leg. The groin contains several important structures such as the inguinal canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves, and the femoral artery and vein, which supply blood to and from the lower extremities. Issues in this region, such as pain or swelling, may indicate a variety of medical conditions, including muscle strains, hernias, or infections.
Ligation, in the context of medical terminology, refers to the process of tying off a part of the body, usually blood vessels or tissue, with a surgical suture or another device. The goal is to stop the flow of fluids such as blood or other substances within the body. It is commonly used during surgeries to control bleeding or to block the passage of fluids, gases, or solids in various parts of the body.
A tourniquet is a device or material used to apply pressure around an extremity, typically an arm or leg, with the goal of controlling severe bleeding (hemorrhage) by compressing blood vessels and limiting arterial flow. Tourniquets are usually applied as a last resort when direct pressure and elevation have failed to stop life-threatening bleeding. They should be used cautiously because they can cause tissue damage, nerve injury, or even amputation if left on for too long. In a medical setting, tourniquets are often applied by healthcare professionals in emergency situations; however, there are also specialized tourniquets available for use by trained individuals in the military, first responder communities, and civilians who have undergone proper training.
Phlebography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize and assess the veins, particularly in the legs. It involves the injection of a contrast agent into the veins, followed by X-ray imaging to capture the flow of the contrast material through the veins. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities such as blood clots, blockages, or malformations in the venous system.
There are different types of phlebography, including ascending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a foot vein and travels up the leg) and descending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a vein in the groin or neck and travels down the leg).
Phlebography is an invasive procedure that requires careful preparation and monitoring, and it is typically performed by radiologists or vascular specialists. It has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT angiography in many clinical settings.
Transillumination is a medical procedure that involves the passage of bright light through a body structure, typically fluid-filled or hollow organs, to assess their size, location, or presence of abnormalities. This technique is often used to examine structures such as the breasts, lungs, or extremities in both adults and children. The transmission of light can help identify any irregularities like tumors, cysts, or other lesions based on the differences in light transmission through normal and abnormal tissues. It's a non-invasive, relatively simple, and quick method to gain preliminary information about certain medical conditions. However, transillumination is not commonly used as a primary diagnostic tool and often serves as an adjunct to other imaging techniques or clinical examinations.
Recurrence, in a medical context, refers to the return of symptoms or signs of a disease after a period of improvement or remission. It indicates that the condition has not been fully eradicated and may require further treatment. Recurrence is often used to describe situations where a disease such as cancer comes back after initial treatment, but it can also apply to other medical conditions. The likelihood of recurrence varies depending on the type of disease and individual patient factors.
Plethysmography is a non-invasive medical technique used to measure changes in volume or blood flow within an organ or body part, typically in the lungs or extremities. There are several types of plethysmography, including:
1. **Whole Body Plethysmography (WBP):** This type of plethysmography is used to assess lung function and volumes by measuring changes in pressure within a sealed chamber that contains the patient's entire body except for their head. The patient breathes normally while wearing a nose clip, allowing technicians to analyze respiratory patterns, airflow, and lung volume changes.
2. **Segmental or Local Plethysmography:** This technique measures volume or blood flow changes in specific body parts, such as the limbs or digits. It can help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting peripheral circulation, like deep vein thrombosis, arterial occlusive disease, or Raynaud's phenomenon.
3. **Impedance Plethysmography (IPG):** This non-invasive method uses electrical impedance to estimate changes in blood volume within an organ or body part. By applying a small electrical current and measuring the opposition to flow (impedance), technicians can determine variations in blood volume, which can help diagnose conditions like deep vein thrombosis or heart failure.
4. **Optical Plethysmography:** This technique uses light to measure changes in blood volume, typically in the skin or mucous membranes. By shining a light on the area and analyzing the reflected or transmitted light, technicians can detect variations in blood volume related to cardiac output, respiration, or other physiological factors.
Overall, plethysmography is an essential tool for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions affecting circulation, respiratory function, and organ volumes.
The mesenteric veins are a set of blood vessels that are responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the small and large intestines. There are two main mesenteric veins: the superior mesenteric vein and the inferior mesenteric vein. The superior mesenteric vein drains blood from the majority of the small intestine, as well as the ascending colon and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. The inferior mesenteric vein drains blood from the distal third of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. These veins ultimately drain into the portal vein, which carries the blood to the liver for further processing.
The renal veins are a pair of large veins that carry oxygen-depleted blood and waste products from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava, which is the largest vein in the body that returns blood to the heart. The renal veins are formed by the union of several smaller veins that drain blood from different parts of the kidney.
In humans, the right renal vein is shorter and passes directly into the inferior vena cava, while the left renal vein is longer and passes in front of the aorta before entering the inferior vena cava. The left renal vein also receives blood from the gonadal (testicular or ovarian) veins, suprarenal (adrenal) veins, and the lumbar veins.
It is important to note that the renal veins are vulnerable to compression by surrounding structures, such as the overlying artery or a tumor, which can lead to renal vein thrombosis, a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.
The umbilical veins are blood vessels in the umbilical cord that carry oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the developing fetus during pregnancy. There are typically two umbilical veins, one of which usually degenerates and becomes obliterated, leaving a single functional vein. This remaining vein is known as the larger umbilical vein or the venous duct. It enters the fetal abdomen through the umbilicus and passes through the liver, where it branches off to form the portal sinus. Ultimately, the blood from the umbilical vein mixes with the blood from the inferior vena cava and is pumped to the heart through the right atrium.
It's important to note that after birth, the umbilical veins are no longer needed and undergo involution, becoming the ligamentum teres in the adult.
The iliac veins are a pair of large veins in the human body that carry deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic area back to the heart. They are formed by the union of the common iliac veins, which receive blood from the lower abdomen and legs, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
The combined iliac vein is called the inferior vena cava, which continues upward to the right atrium of the heart. The iliac veins are located deep within the pelvis, lateral to the corresponding iliac arteries, and are accompanied by the iliac lymphatic vessels.
The left common iliac vein is longer than the right because it must cross the left common iliac artery to join the right common iliac vein. The external and internal iliac veins are the two branches of the common iliac vein, with the external iliac vein carrying blood from the lower limbs and the internal iliac vein carrying blood from the pelvic organs.
It is essential to maintain proper blood flow in the iliac veins to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition that can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism.
Thrombophlebitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and clotting of blood in a vein, usually in the legs. The term thrombophlebitis comes from two words: "thrombo" which means blood clot, and "phlebitis" which refers to inflammation of the vein.
The condition can occur in superficial or deep veins. Superficial thrombophlebitis affects the veins just below the skin's surface, while deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) occurs in the deeper veins. DVT is a more serious condition as it can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism if the blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs.
Symptoms of thrombophlebitis may include redness, warmth, pain, swelling, or discomfort in the affected area. In some cases, there may be visible surface veins that are hard, tender, or ropy to touch. If left untreated, thrombophlebitis can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and other long-term complications. Treatment typically involves medications such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, or thrombolytics, along with compression stockings and other supportive measures.
Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.
Angioplasty, laser is a medical procedure that uses laser energy to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels. The term "angioplasty" refers to the general class of procedures used to restore blood flow through a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel, typically by inflating a small balloon within the vessel to widen it. In laser angioplasty, a thin catheter with a laser fiber at its tip is inserted into the affected blood vessel and guided to the site of the blockage. The laser is then used to vaporize or break up the blockage, allowing blood to flow more freely through the vessel. This procedure may be used to treat conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and carotid artery stenosis.
The term "lower extremity" is used in the medical field to refer to the portion of the human body that includes the structures below the hip joint. This includes the thigh, lower leg, ankle, and foot. The lower extremities are responsible for weight-bearing and locomotion, allowing individuals to stand, walk, run, and jump. They contain many important structures such as bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.
A bandage is a medical dressing or covering applied to a wound, injury, or sore with the intention of promoting healing or preventing infection. Bandages can be made of a variety of materials such as gauze, cotton, elastic, or adhesive tape and come in different sizes and shapes to accommodate various body parts. They can also have additional features like fasteners, non-slip surfaces, or transparent windows for monitoring the condition of the wound.
Bandages serve several purposes, including:
1. Absorbing drainage or exudate from the wound
2. Protecting the wound from external contaminants and bacteria
3. Securing other medical devices such as catheters or splints in place
4. Reducing swelling or promoting immobilization of the affected area
5. Providing compression to control bleeding or prevent fluid accumulation
6. Relieving pain by reducing pressure on sensitive nerves or structures.
Proper application and care of bandages are essential for effective wound healing and prevention of complications such as infection or delayed recovery.
Ambulatory surgical procedures, also known as outpatient or same-day surgery, refer to medical operations that do not require an overnight hospital stay. These procedures are typically performed in a specialized ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or in a hospital-based outpatient department. Patients undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures receive anesthesia, undergo the operation, and recover enough to be discharged home on the same day of the procedure.
Examples of common ambulatory surgical procedures include:
1. Arthroscopy (joint scope examination and repair)
2. Cataract surgery
3. Colonoscopy and upper endoscopy
4. Dental surgery, such as wisdom tooth extraction
5. Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
6. Hernia repair
7. Hysteroscopy (examination of the uterus)
8. Minor skin procedures, like biopsies and lesion removals
9. Orthopedic procedures, such as carpal tunnel release or joint injections
10. Pain management procedures, including epidural steroid injections and nerve blocks
11. Podiatric (foot and ankle) surgery
12. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Advancements in medical technology, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and improved anesthesia methods have contributed to the growth of ambulatory surgical procedures, offering patients a more convenient and cost-effective alternative to traditional inpatient surgeries.
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, bleeding, and bulging. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Internal hemorrhoids may protrude through the anus and become irritated, leading to bleeding. External hemorrhoids are more likely to cause pain and swelling, especially if they become thrombosed (formed a blood clot). Hemorrhoids can be caused by straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, chronic constipation or diarrhea, aging, and sitting for long periods of time. They are often treated with over-the-counter creams, suppositories, or warm sitz baths, but severe cases may require surgical intervention.
Venous thrombosis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the deep veins, often in the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT), but it can also occur in other parts of the body such as the arms, pelvis, or lungs (pulmonary embolism).
The formation of a venous thrombus can be caused by various factors, including injury to the blood vessel wall, changes in blood flow, and alterations in the composition of the blood. These factors can lead to the activation of clotting factors and platelets, which can result in the formation of a clot that blocks the vein.
Symptoms of venous thrombosis may include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected area. In some cases, the clot can dislodge and travel to other parts of the body, causing potentially life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism.
Risk factors for venous thrombosis include advanced age, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, cancer, recent surgery or trauma, prolonged immobility, and a history of previous venous thromboembolism. Treatment typically involves the use of anticoagulant medications to prevent further clotting and dissolve existing clots.
The hepatic veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-depleted blood from the liver back to the heart. There are typically three major hepatic veins - right, middle, and left - that originate from the posterior aspect of the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm. These veins are responsible for returning the majority of the blood flow from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the heart. It's important to note that the hepatic veins do not have valves, which can make them susceptible to a condition called Budd-Chiari syndrome, where blood clots form in the veins and obstruct the flow of blood from the liver.
A contusion is a medical term for a bruise. It's a type of injury that occurs when blood vessels become damaged or broken as a result of trauma to the body. This trauma can be caused by a variety of things, such as a fall, a blow, or a hit. When the blood vessels are damaged, blood leaks into the surrounding tissues, causing the area to become discolored and swollen.
Contusions can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most common in areas that are more likely to be injured, such as the knees, elbows, and hands. In some cases, a contusion may be accompanied by other injuries, such as fractures or sprains.
Most contusions will heal on their own within a few days or weeks, depending on the severity of the injury. Treatment typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to help reduce swelling and pain. In some cases, over-the-counter pain medications may also be recommended to help manage discomfort.
If you suspect that you have a contusion, it's important to seek medical attention if the injury is severe or if you experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or loss of consciousness. These could be signs of a more serious injury and require immediate medical attention.
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.
Clothing is not a medical term, but rather a general term used to describe items worn on the body for various reasons such as protection from the elements, modesty, or fashion. In a medical context, clothing may be referred to in relation to certain conditions or treatments that require special garments, such as compression stockings for deep vein thrombosis or protective gear for athletes. However, there is no specific medical definition for 'clothing'.
In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.
For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.
Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.
Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.
Peroneal neuropathies refer to conditions that cause damage or dysfunction to the peroneal nerve, which is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal nerve runs down the back of the leg and wraps around the fibula bone (the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg) before dividing into two branches that innervate the muscles and skin on the front and side of the lower leg and foot.
Peroneal neuropathies can cause various symptoms, including weakness or paralysis of the ankle and toe muscles, numbness or tingling in the top of the foot and along the outside of the lower leg, and difficulty lifting the foot (known as "foot drop"). These conditions can result from trauma, compression, diabetes, or other underlying medical conditions. Treatment for peroneal neuropathies may include physical therapy, bracing, medications to manage pain, and in some cases, surgery.
The subclavian vein is a large venous structure that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper limb and part of the thorax back to the heart. It forms when the axillary vein passes through the narrow space between the first rib and the clavicle (collarbone), becoming the subclavian vein.
On the left side, the subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein, while on the right side, the subclavian vein directly merges with the internal jugular vein to create the brachiocephalic vein. These brachiocephalic veins then unite to form the superior vena cava, which drains blood into the right atrium of the heart.
The subclavian vein is an essential structure for venous access in various medical procedures and interventions, such as placing central venous catheters or performing blood tests.
Telangiectasia is a medical term that refers to the dilation and widening of small blood vessels called capillaries, leading to their visibility under the skin or mucous membranes. These dilated vessels often appear as tiny red lines or patterns, measuring less than 1 millimeter in diameter.
Telangiectasias can occur in various parts of the body, such as the face, nose, cheeks, legs, and fingers. They are typically harmless but may cause cosmetic concerns for some individuals. In certain cases, telangiectasias can be a sign of an underlying medical condition, like rosacea, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), or liver disease.
It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if you notice any unusual changes in your skin or mucous membranes, as they can provide appropriate evaluation and treatment recommendations based on the underlying cause of the telangiectasias.
Catheter ablation is a medical procedure in which specific areas of heart tissue that are causing arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) are destroyed or ablated using heat energy (radiofrequency ablation), cold energy (cryoablation), or other methods. The procedure involves threading one or more catheters through the blood vessels to the heart, where the tip of the catheter can be used to selectively destroy the problematic tissue. Catheter ablation is often used to treat atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and other types of arrhythmias that originate in the heart's upper chambers (atria). It may also be used to treat certain types of arrhythmias that originate in the heart's lower chambers (ventricles), such as ventricular tachycardia.
The goal of catheter ablation is to eliminate or reduce the frequency and severity of arrhythmias, thereby improving symptoms and quality of life. In some cases, it may also help to reduce the risk of stroke and other complications associated with arrhythmias. Catheter ablation is typically performed by a specialist in heart rhythm disorders (electrophysiologist) in a hospital or outpatient setting under local anesthesia and sedation. The procedure can take several hours to complete, depending on the complexity of the arrhythmia being treated.
It's important to note that while catheter ablation is generally safe and effective, it does carry some risks, such as bleeding, infection, damage to nearby structures, and the possibility of recurrent arrhythmias. Patients should discuss the potential benefits and risks of the procedure with their healthcare provider before making a decision about treatment.
The splenic vein is a large, thin-walled vein that carries oxygenated blood from the spleen and pancreas to the liver. It is formed by the union of several smaller veins that drain the upper part of the stomach, the pancreas, and the left side of the colon (splenic flexure). The splenic vein runs along the top border of the pancreas and merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. This venous system allows for the filtration and detoxification of blood by the liver before it is distributed to the rest of the body.
Cerebral veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the brain to the dural venous sinuses, which are located between the layers of tissue covering the brain. The largest cerebral vein is the superior sagittal sinus, which runs along the top of the brain. Other major cerebral veins include the straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, and cavernous sinus. These veins receive blood from smaller veins called venules that drain the surface and deep structures of the brain. The cerebral veins play an important role in maintaining normal circulation and pressure within the brain.
Varicose veins
Dot Cotton
Surgery in ancient Rome
Cramp
Venous translucence
Galloway v. United States
Waxing
William Thelwall Thomas
Vasectomy
Schwatrz's test
Marjolin's ulcer
Pregnancy
William Campbell (rugby union)
David Greuner
Complications of prolonged standing
Caviar tongue
Saphena varix
Saphenofemoral junction
Parkes Weber syndrome
Aescin
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy
Jane Elizabeth Hodgson
Trendelenburg operation
Compression stockings
Thomas L. Cleave
Perforator vein
Steph Cook
CLaCS
External support
Radiofrequency ablation
Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
Friedrich Trendelenburg
Varicose veins - Wikipedia
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Varicose veins Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
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Deep vein throm7
- Anticoagulation (blood thinner) therapy is used to treat blood clots and deep vein thrombosis . (upmc.com)
- While movement has many benefits, one of the most crucial benefits is that simply moving your body could help you avoid a serious medical condition called deep vein thrombosis. (ktar.com)
- Some medical conditions concerning your veins are fatal, such as severe deep vein thrombosis (or DVT for short). (hcgexpressdiet.com)
- Vein specialists in Las Vegas treat a range of conditions including chronic venous disease, leg ulcers, chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis. (veindirectory.org)
- There is also an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), i.e. a blood clot in the deep veins of the leg, in a patient who cannot walk after a clinical varicose vein treatment that ablates (closes) a problematic vein. (wayodd.com)
- If you have varicose veins, there is a small increase in the risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (palmclinic.co.nz)
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE, including deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia has been extensively studied. (medscape.com)
Sclerotherapy20
- Possible medical procedures include sclerotherapy, laser surgery, and vein stripping. (wikipedia.org)
- Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy uses injections to close veins that are too large or deep for regular injections. (upmc.com)
- The selection of sclerosing agents and of concentrations and volumes to be used for sclerotherapy must be individualized for each patient and for each type and location of vein. (medscape.com)
- The principal surgical approach to small-vein disease is by microincisional phlebectomy followed by sclerotherapy. (medscape.com)
- Sclerotherapy is a liquid chemical that is injected into your body to shut down incompetent veins. (ktar.com)
- Sclerotherapy is a varicose vein procedure that uses an injectable solution to block blood flow to specific veins, causing varicose veins to shrink and disappear. (houstonmethodist.org)
- The most common treatment is sclerotherapy, an office procedure in which a saline solution injected into the vein causes its walls to stick together and seal shut. (drweil.com)
- Varicose veins are treated by making patients wear compression stockings, by helping them to lose weight, by sclerotherapy, injecting a chemical into the vein to make it collapse, laser and radiofrequency assisted procedures, phlebectomy procedures, where veins are removed by making small cuts on the surface of the skin and by surgical procedures involving tying or stripping of the varicose veins. (whatclinic.com)
- He is the top specialist in Endovenous laser treatment, Sclerotherapy, ClariVein treatment, VenaSeal and Mini-Phlebectomy for the removal of spider and varicose veins. (whatclinic.com)
- Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive technique which works on small varicose veins and spider veins. (all4naturalhealth.com)
- After sclerotherapy varicose vein treatment, patients need to start walking immediately to get the blood in the veins surrounding the ablated vein (closed vein) flowing and the calf pump needs to be activated. (wayodd.com)
- If this turns out to be the case, varicose vein treatment like sclerotherapy may be recommended in some cases. (wayodd.com)
- Another treatment option, Sclerotherapy, requires the injection of sclerosant, a chemical into the varicose vein, damaging the vein, and causing scarring of the inside lining. (journeytojah.com)
- Sclerotherapy, laser, and radiofrequency treatment are not known at this time to cause any adverse health reactions as they are generally minimally invasive, and may be appropriate for all your vein concerns including varicose veins and spider veins. (journeytojah.com)
- As the acronym MOCA suggests, the technique involves the use of a mechanical device along with sclerotherapy injection of the vein to be treated. (advdermatology.com)
- The physician's assessment of the thickness of the vein wall can be the determining factor in the decision to use ambulatory phlebectomy or foam sclerotherapy, with the latter procedure being reserved for thinner-walled veins. (medscape.com)
- Development of endovenous treatment and sclerotherapy technology makes it feasible for clinicians to treat varicose veins (VV) through day surgery (DS). (bvsalud.org)
- Varicose vein sclerotherapy is a commonly performed cosmetic surgical procedure in which a sclerosing agent is injected into small varicose veins of the leg by using small gauge needles. (cdc.gov)
- In early December 2006, 3 patients were seen over a 10-day period at Geelong Hospital with infections following varicose vein sclerotherapy. (cdc.gov)
- During the outbreak period, 44 patients had vein sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol at the cosmetic surgeon's clinic. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms27
- Varicose veins usually cause few symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary symptoms of varicose veins are highly visible, misshapen veins, usually on your legs. (healthline.com)
- Varicose veins are large, bulging veins that can cause cosmetic changes and physical symptoms in the legs. (upmc.com)
- Compression stockings generally help symptoms from varicose veins and are often required as a first step in the treatment of venous disorders. (upmc.com)
- Today, we're talking to surgeons Eric Saterbak, MD and Timothy Perkins, MD about the causes of varicose veins, symptoms to watch out for and common treatment options. (healthpartners.com)
- Find out all you need to know about varicose veins and how to combat those dreaded symptoms! (avogel.co.uk)
- Here you'll find information on varicose veins, their causes, symptoms and treatments. (avogel.co.uk)
- The symptoms of varicose veins vary from person to person. (avogel.co.uk)
- Other symptoms of varicose veins include swollen ankles, burning sensation in the legs, muscle cramp or itching of the skin. (avogel.co.uk)
- Although the symptoms of varicose veins are unsightly and irritating, the condition tends not to be serious. (avogel.co.uk)
- If you are experiencing symptoms of varicose veins or any vein or artery issues, visit Western Vascular Institute for more expert information and to make an appointment. (ktar.com)
- We offer help for painful, unsightly varicose veins or other symptoms related to vein disease. (samhealth.org)
- Whether you're seeking varicose vein treatment for cosmetic reasons or because you're experiencing symptoms, our experts will help you understand your options and advise you on which is most effective for your specific condition. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Several vitamins support cardiovascular health, which can help reduce your chance of getting varicose veins and reduce their symptoms if they do appear. (wakeup-world.com)
- Varicose veins seldome give other symptoms than the cosmetic ones, but these can become very grave. (abicana.com)
- CBD oil may enhance blood flow, potentially alleviating varicose veins symptoms and inflammation. (corney-barrow.co.uk)
- By doing so, it can potentially help reduce inflammation and improve blood flow, which could directly impact the symptoms of varicose veins. (corney-barrow.co.uk)
- Be able to identify the various symptoms for varicose veinss. (elotus.org)
- What Are the Symptoms of Varicose Veins? (goodsamsanjose.com)
- what are the symptoms of varicose. (goodsamsanjose.com)
- Symptoms of varicose veins could be heaviness, pain, heat and discomfort when standing or sitting for long periods, says Anup Singh, MD, of Good Samaritan Hospital. (goodsamsanjose.com)
- However, it should be pointed out that every patient is different and a person in a wheelchair should still be fully evaluated by a vein doctor and examined with duplex ultrasound to determine the exact cause of the varicose veins and associated symptoms. (wayodd.com)
- These symptoms warrant a trip to a vein physician for a consultation and thorough evaluation. (thocc.org)
- Varicose veins may be just a cosmetic issue, or they can cause symptoms such as aching and heaviness of the legs that is often worse after standing and relieved by elevation. (palmclinic.co.nz)
- If varicose veins are causing you cosmetic or mild symptoms, then there is no rush to treat them, but we know that varicose veins do tend to get worse with time. (palmclinic.co.nz)
- Varicose veins can't be cured, but treatment can lessen your symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
- The typical signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency, including ankle edema, stasis dermatitis , and possibly ulceration, may occur when varicose veins are untreated. (medscape.com)
Treatments for varicose veins4
- Minimally invasive treatments for varicose veins are performed after administering local anaesthetic to the treatment area. (whatclinic.com)
- Surgical stripping is one of the more common and older types of surgical treatments for varicose veins, and while you may experience decent results with this technique for a while, many people have had their veins come back. (all4naturalhealth.com)
- When considering treatments for varicose veins, it's crucial to differentiate and opt for genuine CBD oil. (corney-barrow.co.uk)
- Be familiar with the herbal treatments for varicose veins. (elotus.org)
Develop varicose veins4
- Women develop varicose veins about twice as often as men. (wikipedia.org)
- It is said that over 3 in 10 adults will develop varicose veins at some point in their lives. (avogel.co.uk)
- You can develop varicose veins if your blood does not flow steadily through your veins. (drbenkim.com)
- If you develop varicose veins, chances are that they will appear in your lower extremities. (drbenkim.com)
Ulcers7
- In severe cases, the veins can bleed significantly, and ulcers can form. (healthline.com)
- See Superficial Venous Insufficiency: Varicose Veins and Venous Ulcers , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify the common risk factors and features of this condition and its management options. (medscape.com)
- However, serious complications can develop and these include varicose eczema , skin ulcers, thrombosis (abnormal clotting) and bleeding. (avogel.co.uk)
- These large, bulging, and gnarled veins can cause pain as well as blood clots, skin ulcers, and other serious problems. (ktar.com)
- Prevention of possible complications due to chronic venous insufficiency: trophic ulcers, thromboembolism, and varicose eczema. (normalbreathing.com)
- These include bleeding from a varicose vein, skin ulcers, scarring or thinning and permanent skin darkening on the legs. (thocc.org)
- If you are suffering from ulcers, or marked swelling and skin changes, then treatment of underlying varicose veins will help stop any further progression. (palmclinic.co.nz)
Causes varicose2
- Let's discuss what causes varicose veins, how to know if they are merely a cosmetic concern or an indication of something deeper, and what home remedies can help. (wakeup-world.com)
- Doctors don't know exactly what causes varicose veins, but they happen when the walls of your veins are weak. (msdmanuals.com)
Options for varicose veins1
- Currently, a wide variety of minimally invasive treatment options for varicose veins are available. (healthline.com)
Reticular veins4
- Polidocanol is a sclerosing agent indicated for uncomplicated spider veins (varicose veins ≤1 mm in diameter) and uncomplicated reticular veins (varicose veins 1-3 mm in diameter) in lower extremities. (medscape.com)
- In more than 50% of the general population, superficial venous disease appears in the form of "spider" or reticular veins, but in approximately 20%-25% of the population, the disease can progress to visible varicosities at its extremes, such as ulceration or skin changes. (medscape.com)
- Although few studies document the natural history of varicose veins (shown) , superficial venous insufficiency is considered to be progressive over time, typically beginning as reticular veins or corona phlebectatica ("corona"), developing into isolated calf varicosities and, eventually, resulting in a tortuous and distended great saphenous vein. (medscape.com)
- Reticular veins are typically small (1-3 mm), highly visible, and often pose a cosmetic problem for patients. (medscape.com)
Larger varicose veins2
- This pooling of blood causes the vein to bulge and become enlarged, creating spider veins or larger varicose veins. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Endovenous thermal ablation is commonly used for larger varicose veins. (houstonmethodist.org)
Large varicose veins3
- There are several methods to treat large varicose veins. (uclahealth.org)
- Very large varicose veins may require surgical removal. (drweil.com)
- This is generally recommended for large varicose veins in the leg. (journeytojah.com)
Varicosities9
- Most varicose veins are reasonably benign, but severe varicosities can lead to major complications, due to the poor circulation through the affected limb. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the risk factors associated with varicose veins are well described, the basic pathophysiology leading to venous valvular incompetence, and thus, varicosities are less well known. (medscape.com)
- High pressure within the superficial system is transmitted to small subcutaneous veins, which can become dilated and tortuous varicosities. (medscape.com)
- Varicose veins, also known as varicoses or varicosities, occur when your veins become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood. (healthline.com)
- The thickened or swollen parts of veins are known by doctors as varicosities. (avogel.co.uk)
- Varicose veins, also known as varicosities, are thick and dark blue or purple veins that are seen in the lower limbs of patients. (whatclinic.com)
- Incompetence of the perforator and short saphenous veins can result in posterior calf varicosities. (medscape.com)
- Varicose veins that branch off an incompetent saphenous vein are called branch veins or secondary varicosities. (medscape.com)
- Veins most readily treated with phlebectomy include branch varicosities of the great and small saphenous veins, pudendal veins in the groin, and reticular varices in the popliteal fold or lateral part of the thigh. (medscape.com)
Valves in the veins5
- Underlying causes include weak or damaged valves in the veins. (wikipedia.org)
- Sometimes, if the blood vessels relax, the two halves of the valves in the veins will separate just a small amount, and won't meet back up to block the back-flow of blood. (womens-health.co.uk)
- Sometimes blood flow pressure can damage or strain the valves in the veins which should only let the blood flow one way - towards the heart. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- The one-way valves in the veins prevent blood from flowing backward. (corney-barrow.co.uk)
- In a healthy vein system, this blood flow goes in one direction only, aided by valves in the veins preventing backward blood flow. (thocc.org)
Vascular13
- At the Vein Center at the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute , our experts specialize in treating spider veins and varicose veins with the latest technology. (upmc.com)
- The Vein Center at the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute offers the latest treatments for spider and varicose veins. (upmc.com)
- Light-assisted stab phlebectomy (LASP) was developed at UCLA by the chief of vascular surgery, Dr. Peter F. Lawrence, to treat varicose veins and spider veins. (uclahealth.org)
- Varicose veins are more than just a cosmetic issue states," Dr. Mitar Vranic, Vascular Surgeon and CEO of Western Vascular Institute . (ktar.com)
- A vascular surgeon can diagnose you during a physical exam, with the help of an ultrasound that checks your blood flow in both superficial and deep veins. (ktar.com)
- Vascular surgeons at Houston Methodist offer the full range of varicose vein treatments - from traditional surgical techniques to newer, less invasive procedures, including the most advanced therapies. (houstonmethodist.org)
- If you can dissect a human body and reliably lay your veins, arteries, capillaries and other parts of your vascular system in a straight line, we would have tens of thousands of kilometres of the vasculature. (hcgexpressdiet.com)
- The cost is only $10.00 and you will meet with experienced, vascular surgeon Dr. Milan Jordan and have a screening ultrasound for varicose veins to help determine the condition of your veins and whether further testing/treatment might be recommended. (hfmhealth.org)
- The treatment procedure offered through the HFM Vascular & Surgery clinic to treat varicose veins uses radiofrequency energy to precisely and effectively treat patients suffering CVI. (hfmhealth.org)
- Dr. Jeffrey Gosin, of Shore Vascular and Vein Center in Somers Point, discusses treatment options and what you should be looking for in a vascular surgeon. (sojo1049.com)
- Vein Tonic to help pecific for varicose veins, lymphedema, vascular spasms, chronic circulatory weakness and feeling of heaviness in the legs. (abicana.com)
- [ 1 ] If true, does this imply that with the advent of personalized genomic medicine, we will be able to predict the eventual onset of varicose veins, and perhaps other vascular disorders, before they develop? (medscape.com)
- Clinical practice guidelines published by the European Society of Vascular Surgery in 2015 state that phlebectomy can be considered either as an adjunctive treatment in association with stripping or endovenous ablation of the main refluxing truncal vein or as the sole treatment of varicose veins. (medscape.com)
Swollen veins5
- Abnormally prominent and swollen veins, especially in the legs. (dictionary.com)
- Varicose veins are enlarged or swollen veins, visible through the skin as blue or purple swellings. (avogel.co.uk)
- Varicose veins are enlarged and often swollen veins that can become visible under the skin of your legs. (drbenkim.com)
- Varicose veins are swollen veins on the surface of the leg that no longer function efficiently. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- Blood clots can also form in the varicose veins leading to painful, red, swollen veins. (thocc.org)
Occur8
- Acute fat necrosis can occur, especially at the ankle of overweight people with varicose veins. (wikipedia.org)
- varicose veins are the enlarged veins which occur on the limbs of a great many elderly people. (dictionary.com)
- Varicose veins occur when veins aren't functioning properly. (healthline.com)
- Varicose veins occur when veins lose their elasticity, become stretched or swollen. (avogel.co.uk)
- they are typically found in the calf but may also occur in the thigh, corresponding to the course of the long saphenous vein. (medscape.com)
- The fact of the matter is that varicose veins can occur in young women, and often do, as well as in older women. (gynob.com)
- They mostly occur when your veins aren't functioning correctly. (corney-barrow.co.uk)
- More serious problems can occur with long-standing varicose veins. (thocc.org)
Incompetent veins2
- This can be reduced by treatment of the underlying incompetent veins. (palmclinic.co.nz)
- Ambulatory phlebectomy permits removal of incompetent veins below the saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions, not including the proximal great or small saphenous veins. (medscape.com)
Lower extremities2
- Computed tomographic venography for varicose veins of the lower extremities: prospective comparison of 80-kVp and conventional 120-kVp protocols. (medscape.com)
- Varicose veins of lower extremities (VVs) are a highly prevalent condition, the pathogenesis of which is still not fully elucidated. (plos.org)
Ablation11
- Endovenous ablation using catheter-based techniques achieve vein closure with minimal surgical risk. (medscape.com)
- Endovenous ablation is an outpatient procedure that uses a catheter and thermal (heat) energy to safely close the vein. (upmc.com)
- Mao J, Zhang C, Wang Z, Gan S, Li K. A retrospective study comparing endovenous laser ablation and microwave ablation for great saphenous varicose veins. (medscape.com)
- Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins: Best practice techniques and evidence. (medscape.com)
- Methods that heat the veins, such as radiofrequency ablation or endovenous laser ablation are virtually identical and achieve similar results. (uclahealth.org)
- The advantage of radiofrequency ablation is that the heat generator can be used to treat other veins, such as perforator veins, and has been approved for that purpose. (uclahealth.org)
- RF ablation involves a surgeon making a slight incision near the varicose vein, where a catheter (or small tube) is threaded into the vein. (ktar.com)
- Image courtesy of Rustempasic N, Cvorak A, Agincic A. Outcome of endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins. (medscape.com)
- An Endovenous laser fiber is inserted into the vein and the process of ablation scars and closes the vein. (journeytojah.com)
- Unlike other thermal-based endovenous techniques such as endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) or radiofrequency ablation, Clarivein® does not employ heat to promote closure of treated veins. (advdermatology.com)
- Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheters or optical laser fibers cannot easily be passed along a tortuous vein. (medscape.com)
Minimally invasive treatment1
- Brooks M. FDA OKs New Minimally Invasive Treatment for Varicose Veins. (medscape.com)
Cosmetic7
- Spider veins (telangiectasia) are a small type of varicose veins that are cosmetic in nature. (upmc.com)
- For most individuals, varicose veins and spider veins (the smaller and more common variation of varicose veins) are primarily a cosmetic concern. (houstonmethodist.org)
- For most people, varicose veins are no more than a cosmetic problem, although more advanced ones can cause legs to ache or swell. (drweil.com)
- Do not treat a vein issue as a cosmetic issue only, but rather a health-related one as well. (hcgexpressdiet.com)
- Often thought of as a cosmetic nuisance, varicose veins can progress to a more serious form of venous disease called chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). (hfmhealth.org)
- Laser cosmetic surgery has reached the point where it is possible to have the young, healthy looking legs you want without the embarrassing varicose veins to take away from the clothes you want to wear, and Laser surgery for varicose veins is considered the preferential treatment, being more likely to give the expected results with less pain and risk to the patient than Ligation or stripping can. (journeytojah.com)
- Although varicose veins are simply a cosmetic concern for some people, the veins are very problematic for others. (thocc.org)
Chronic4
- Varicose veins are an early manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency. (medscape.com)
- However, cosmetics aside, the leg fatigue and heaviness that is associated with chronic venous insufficiency in the presence of varicose veins can be disabling. (medscape.com)
- This is mostly seen as a chronic redness in the skin, and mostly without a clear apparence of the single veins. (abicana.com)
- Risks from static standing: There are numerous potential health risks from prolonged standing or walking on hard surfaces, such as lower back pain, leg pain and discomfort, fatigue, lower-extremity swelling, varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency (see below), and (more rarely) a poorer prognosis after diagnosis of coronary artery disease and preterm births. (cdc.gov)
Pregnancy11
- It is important to note, as well, that varicose veins tend to get worse with each pregnancy. (womens-health.co.uk)
- Got varicose vein during pregnancy 20 years ago. (abchomeopathy.com)
- Dear patient, It appears that you have been suffering from varicose of vein since long due to pregnancy and now you are passing through menupause and Hypertention. (abchomeopathy.com)
- The most common cause of varicose veins in young women is pregnancy . (avogel.co.uk)
- Veins that enlarge during pregnancy tend to improve after delivery. (drweil.com)
- The hormonal changes associated with puberty, pregnancy and menopause can increase a woman's risk of developing varicose veins, as can birth control pills and other medications containing estrogen and progesterone. (drweil.com)
- Hormonal changes triggered by puberty, pregnancy, and menopause as well as taking hormones in the form of birth control pills or medications containing estrogen and progesterone also contribute to an increased risk of both varicose and spider veins. (gynob.com)
- Pregnancy increases the risk significantly because there is a huge increase in blood supply in the body during this time and the increased volume of blood can cause the veins to enlarge. (gynob.com)
- Varicose veins are made worse by standing for long periods, by being constipated or overweight and by pregnancy. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- From pregnancy related conditionsto job and age related problems, common vein conditions include varicose veins, and their insidious partnerhemorrhoids, phlebitis, thrombosis and slow circulation. (abicana.com)
- Varicose veins that happen during pregnancy usually go away by themselves 2 to 3 weeks after the baby is born. (msdmanuals.com)
Family history of varicose veins1
- If you don't have a family history of varicose veins, then you are less likely to have them yourself. (womens-health.co.uk)
Spider vein treatment2
- You cannot change the likelihood of them appearing even with proper varicose or spider vein treatment in Singapore if you do not help yourself. (hcgexpressdiet.com)
- Varicose and spider veins are treated by our vein specialist, David I. Rosen, MD. To learn more about varicose and spider vein treatment, please call 847-459-6400 or contact us to make an appointment . (advdermatology.com)
Endovenous laser1
- On treatment day, an endovenous laser is placed into the malfunctioning vein using ultrasound to confirm proper laser placement. (thocc.org)
Insufficiency4
- Varicose veins and telangiectasia (spider veins) are the visible surface manifestations of an underlying problem with reverse venous flow, which is also termed venous insufficiency syndrome. (medscape.com)
- When that happens, it causes what's called venous insufficiency and blood pools in the vein. (ktar.com)
- Dr. Rosen is now pleased to be able to offer a new procedure available to patients with superficial venous insufficiency, the condition leading to the development of symptomatic varicose veins. (advdermatology.com)
- Venous insufficiency is caused by a refluxing circuit that results from failure of the primary valves at the saphenofemoral junction and typically leads to superficial varicose veins. (medscape.com)
Symptomatic varicose veins2
- Dr Kenneth Todd, a Principal Investigator for VANISH-2 said: "Current treatments for patients with medically-important, symptomatic varicose veins are time-consuming for both patients and physicians and do not offer a comprehensive treatment. (moneyweek.com)
- The publication of the full results for VANISH-1 and VANISH-2 confirm the top-line results already reported and demonstrate that the product, if approved, could offer an effective, comprehensive treatment option for patients with symptomatic varicose veins. (moneyweek.com)
Development of varicose veins2
- Research has also shown the importance of pelvic vein reflux (PVR) in the development of varicose veins. (wikipedia.org)
- Salt can cause water retention and swelling, and insufficient fiber increases the risk of constipation, all of which favor development of varicose veins. (drweil.com)
Heaviness2
- You may also have pain, swelling, heaviness, and achiness over or around the enlarged veins. (healthline.com)
- Pelvic congestion is identifiable pain or heaviness in the pelvis or genital area that is caused by varicose veins in the pelvic region. (upmc.com)
Tortuous veins2
- The traditional "stripping" is only occasionally used today, but is appropriate for patients with huge veins, veins that are very close to the skin and very tortuous veins. (uclahealth.org)
- Varicose veins are dilated and tortuous veins with significantly larger wall areas and higher amounts of collagen. (medscape.com)
Blood clots2
- In some cases, however, varicose veins can cause pain, skin sores and even blood clots. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Deep varicose veins however, can cause blood clots, and these should be treated medically. (abicana.com)
Venous Disease1
- It is estimated that varicose veins and venous disease are ten times more common than heart disease. (sojo1049.com)
Known as varicoses1
- Varicose veins, also known as varicoses, are a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted. (wikipedia.org)
Risk for varicose veins1
- Can you tell me what puts women at risk for varicose veins? (drweil.com)
Drugs for varicose veins1
- Natural drugs for varicose veins. (abicana.com)
Symptom of varicose veins2
- A symptom of varicose veins you may experience is itchiness around the swollen vein. (avogel.co.uk)
- In some people, the only symptom of varicose veins is their blue or purple appearance. (wakeup-world.com)
Incision near the varicose1
- With this technique, the surgeon makes a tiny incision near the varicose veins and threads a slender tube with a light source at its tip underneath the vein cluster. (uclahealth.org)
Suffer from varicose veins3
- Other estimates are even higher, suggesting that 40% of men and 32% of women aged 18 to 64 years suffer from varicose veins. (avogel.co.uk)
- Women tend to suffer from varicose veins more than men! (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- It is estimated that over 80 million people in the United States suffer from varicose veins. (thocc.org)
Usually see varicose veins2
- You will usually see varicose veins before you get any other problems from them. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- Doctors can usually see varicose veins when you're standing. (msdmanuals.com)
Formation of varicose veins5
- There is increasing evidence for the role of incompetent perforator veins (or "perforators") in the formation of varicose veins. (wikipedia.org)
- Heart and lung diseases also predispose to the formation of varicose veins . (dictionary.com)
- Why Should You Strive To Prevent The Formation Of Varicose Veins? (drbenkim.com)
- How Can You Prevent The Formation Of Varicose Veins? (drbenkim.com)
- The most important and obvious requirement for preventing the formation of varicose veins is to build and maintain a healthy cardiovascular system through regular exercise and a plant-centered, minimally processed diet. (drbenkim.com)
Patients with varicose veins2
- Prevention of edema and flight microangiopathy with Venoruton (HR), (0-[beta-hydroxyethyl]-rutosides) in patients with varicose veins. (medscape.com)
- BTG, a specialist healthcare company, has reported that its VANISH-1 and VANISH-2 studies have 'demonstrated efficacy in achieving a clinically meaningful improvement' in the appearance of the legs of patients with varicose veins. (moneyweek.com)
Ligation4
- The treatment of superficial vein reflux has evolved in the past 10 years making open surgical ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein largely a historic procedure. (medscape.com)
- Vein ligation and stripping is a surgical treatment that requires anesthesia. (healthline.com)
- Similarly, vein ligation involves the surgical tying of veins. (worldwidehealth.com)
- Ligation and stripping of varicose veins gives one the impression of deveining a shrimp. (journeytojah.com)
Saphenous3
- Minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of saphenous varicose veins. (medscape.com)
- All patients underwent removal of varices with stripping of the saphenous veins, if appropriate. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Varicose veins are enlarged blood vessels resulting from weakened walls, usually affecting the saphenous vein (the most visible one) that runs the length of the leg. (drweil.com)
Phlebectomy5
- Traditionally, varicose veins were removed with multiple stab incisions and hook phlebectomy. (medscape.com)
- The introduction of transilluminated-powered phlebectomy has allowed for removal of large clusters of varicose veins using fewer stab incisions and less procedural time. (medscape.com)
- Micro or stab phlebectomy is a method of removing varicose veins on the surface of the legs. (uclahealth.org)
- Phlebectomy involves a surgeon making a small incision and removing varicose veins altogether. (ktar.com)
- Phlebectomy can also be used as an immediate treatment for small segments of superficial phlebitis because the intravascular coagulum is expressed and the involved vein segment can be extracted through the same incision. (medscape.com)
Ultrasound4
- Your doctor may also use duplex ultrasound to evaluate the size of the vein and how well they are functioning. (upmc.com)
- You can visually diagnose varicose veins yourself, or have it done at a doctor's office via an ultrasound test. (wakeup-world.com)
- In a state-of-the-art vein center, a patient receives a comprehensive evaluation including an ultrasound of the veins and detailed patient history resulting in a tailored treatment plan. (thocc.org)
- If your doctors are worried about other problems with your veins, doctors may do an ultrasound. (msdmanuals.com)
Reflux6
- Varicose veins in the legs could be due to ovarian vein reflux. (wikipedia.org)
- Both ovarian and internal iliac vein reflux causes leg varicose veins. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, evidence suggests that failing to look for and treat pelvic vein reflux can be a cause of recurrent varicose veins. (wikipedia.org)
- Patient with large tortuous varicose veins, high-volume venous reflux, and early stasis changes of the medial ankle. (medscape.com)
- Surgical treatment of varicose veins and of calf perforators results in reduced deep vein reflux. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Vein disease (or venous reflux disease) is a condition which develops when the valves that keep blood flowing out of the legs and back to the heart become damaged or diseased. (samhealth.org)
Radiofrequency energy2
- Laser light can also be used to collapse and seal larger veins, as can radiofrequency energy that heats the affected vein. (drweil.com)
- Another treatment option, radiofrequency treatment, uses radiofrequency energy to close up the vein. (journeytojah.com)
Diagnose varicose veins1
- Your doctor will likely examine your legs and visible veins while you're sitting or standing to diagnose varicose veins. (healthline.com)
Superficial veins2
- These are frequently isolated to the superficial veins, but can extend into deep veins, becoming a more serious problem. (wikipedia.org)
- Vein stripping is a surgical technique used to treat large varicose or superficial veins that cannot be effectively treated using a less invasive approach. (houstonmethodist.org)
Cure varicose veins3
- In the most aggravated cases surgical operation will cure varicose veins . (dictionary.com)
- Massage therapy cannot cure varicose veins, but it can help improve blood circulation in the leg muscles and reduce some of the swelling and discomfort associated with the condition. (wakeup-world.com)
- Down on this page you will also find some information about the causes of this disease, how it develops, and some practical advices to help cure varicose veins. (abicana.com)
Surgical varicose vein3
- There are a few surgical varicose vein treatment options available. (worldwidehealth.com)
- Surgical varicose vein removal procedures are performed under general anaesthesia. (whatclinic.com)
- It takes about five weeks to completely recover from minimally invasive and surgical varicose vein treatments. (whatclinic.com)
Painful varicose veins2
- Don't suffer from painful varicose veins any longer. (samhealth.org)
- So if you are among the many with unsightly, painful varicose veins, there has never been a better time to get safe, effective treatment. (thocc.org)
Pain and discomfort2
- Compression stockings or support hose can also be used to lessen the pain and discomfort caused by varicose veins. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Now, if you've tried various natural treatments to get rid of varicose veins and you've gotten no results, or if your veins are causing you pain and discomfort as well as embarrassment, you may want to consider some of the other medical procedures that might be available to you. (all4naturalhealth.com)
Small incision2
- The surgeon then makes a very small incision immediately adjacent to a varicose vein. (uclahealth.org)
- As an alternative to vein stripping, the minimally-invasive, ClosureFast, procedure uses a small incision at the insertion site and the vein is then closed and left in place. (samhealth.org)
Procedure15
- If lifestyle changes aren't working, or if your varicose veins are causing a lot of pain or damaging your overall health, your doctor might try an invasive procedure. (healthline.com)
- During the procedure, your surgeon makes cuts in your skin, cuts the varicose vein, and removes it through the incisions. (healthline.com)
- Venous recanalization is a catheter-based procedure that opens narrow or blocked veins using a balloon and stent. (upmc.com)
- This procedure involves making tiny punctures or incisions through which the varicose veins are removed. (uclahealth.org)
- Taking a size 7 crochet hook that has been filed down and modified for the procedure, the surgeon passes it through the incision, hooks a vein and pulls it through the opening. (uclahealth.org)
- Our vein specialists offer a minimally-invasive procedure right in their office. (samhealth.org)
- The minimally-invasive procedure is a clinically proven alternative to painful vein stripping, the traditional method for treatment of varicose veins. (samhealth.org)
- After having a minimally invasive vein procedure, Angela Boyd of Lebanon, is pain-free and back to enjoying the activities she loves most. (samhealth.org)
- In this advanced laser procedure, our doctors use dual-laser technology, called Cynosureâ„¢to deliver a specific amount of light energy that can destroy the fine spider veins. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Microphlebectomy is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove varicose veins with little-to-no surrounding tissue damage. (houstonmethodist.org)
- During this procedure, your doctor will make small incisions and use specialized tools to remove the affected veins. (houstonmethodist.org)
- During this catheter-based procedure, your doctor will use a laser or radiofrequency electrode to heat the vein. (houstonmethodist.org)
- This is a procedure where a "laser fiber" is inserted into the vein so that the varicose vein can be heated from the inside out. (all4naturalhealth.com)
- Dependent on the severity of varicose vein, the surgical method usually involves a procedure to strip the non-functional vein from the affected area. (ramsayhealth.co.uk)
- Obviously this is a highly invasive procedure, which requires the longest healing time of the three options available to those suffering from varicose veins. (journeytojah.com)
Unsightly varicose1
- I've had a really unsightly varicose vein since I was about 14. (mumsnet.com)
Ankles3
- Varicose veins are unlikely to be caused by crossing the legs or ankles. (wikipedia.org)
- Varicose veins can also form deeper inside the body, but typically they appear as bulging blue or purple veins on the legs or ankles. (wakeup-world.com)
- Do you have the unsightly dark, squiggly veins running through your ankles, groin or legs and you're tired of being embarrassed of how you look in shorts? (all4naturalhealth.com)