Phloem loading in Verbascum phoeniceum L. depends on the synthesis of raffinose-family oligosaccharides. (1/4)
Phloem loading is the initial step in photoassimilate export and the one that creates the driving force for mass flow. It has been proposed that loading occurs symplastically in species that translocate carbohydrate primarily as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). In these plants, dense fields of plasmodesmata connect bundle sheath cells to specialized companion cells (intermediary cells) in the minor veins. According to the polymer trap model, advanced as a mechanism of symplastic loading, sucrose from the mesophyll diffuses into intermediary cells and is converted there to RFOs. This process keeps the sucrose concentration low and, because of the larger size of the RFOs, prevents back diffusion. To test this model, the RFO pathway was down-regulated in Verbascum phoeniceum L. by suppressing the synthesis of galactinol synthase (GAS), which catalyzes the first committed step in RFO production. Two GAS genes (VpGAS1 and VpGAS2) were cloned and shown to be expressed in intermediary cells. Simultaneous RNAi suppression of both genes resulted in pronounced inhibition of RFO synthesis. Phloem transport was negatively affected, as evidenced by the accumulation of carbohydrate in the lamina and the reduced capacity of leaves to export sugars during a prolonged dark period. In plants with severe down-regulation, additional symptoms of reduced export were obvious, including impaired growth, leaf chlorosis, and necrosis and curling of leaf margins. (+info)The volatile constituents of the flower, leaf, and stem of Verbascum wiedemannianum grown in Turkey. (2/4)
The volatile constituents of the essential oils from the flower, leaf, and stem of Verbascum wiedemannianum were analysed by GC and GC-MS. A total of forty-three compounds were identified, constituting over 99.1%, 94.3%, and 98.7% of oil composition of the flower, leaf, and stem of V. wiedemannianum, respectively. Hydrocarbons were shown to be the main group of constituents of the flower and stem part in the ratio of 83.3% and 32.1%, respectively. But, the major group in the leaf oil was found to be aldehydes (46.8%). The main components of the flower, leaf and stem oils of V. wiedemannianum were pentadecane (58.2%), (2E)-hexenal (33.2%), and hexadecanoic acid (24.6%), respectively. (+info)Downregulating the sucrose transporter VpSUT1 in Verbascum phoeniceum does not inhibit phloem loading. (3/4)
(+info)Anthelmintic and relaxant activities of Verbascum Thapsus Mullein. (4/4)
(+info)I apologize for any confusion, but "Verbascum" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of a genus of plants commonly known as mulleins. These plants have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating respiratory conditions and skin irritations. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness and safety of these uses have not been thoroughly studied or proven in modern clinical trials. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or therapy.
"Ascaridia" is a genus of parasitic roundworms that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including birds and mammals. The most common species to infect humans is Ascaris lumbricoides, also known as the "human roundworm."
Ascaridia infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the severity of the infestation. Mild infections may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while more severe infections can lead to abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. In extreme cases, Ascaris worms can obstruct the intestines or migrate to other parts of the body, causing potentially life-threatening complications.
Ascaridia infections are typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains eggs shed by infected individuals. Once inside the body, the eggs hatch and release larvae that migrate to the lungs, where they mature before being coughed up and swallowed, eventually settling in the small intestine and developing into adult worms.
Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet or handling soil, and cooking food thoroughly to kill any potential parasites. In areas where Ascaridia infections are common, preventive treatment with anthelmintic medications may be recommended for high-risk populations.