Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.
The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (COCHLEAR NERVE) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (VESTIBULAR NERVE) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.
The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.
Traumatic injuries to the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE.
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
The vestibular part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The vestibular nerve fibers arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project peripherally to vestibular hair cells and centrally to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM. These fibers mediate the sense of balance and head position.
The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinthine and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (COCHLEA; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH; and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS) in the TEMPORAL BONE. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (COCHLEAR DUCT; SACCULE AND UTRICLE; and SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS) forming a continuous space enclosed by EPITHELIUM and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with LABYRINTHINE FLUIDS of various compositions.
The space between the arachnoid membrane and PIA MATER, filled with CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. It contains large blood vessels that supply the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.
Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31)
Diseases of the tenth cranial nerve, including brain stem lesions involving its nuclei (solitary, ambiguus, and dorsal motor), nerve fascicles, and intracranial and extracranial course. Clinical manifestations may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness, and alterations of parasympathetic tone in the thorax and abdomen.
Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Diseases of the twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nerve or nuclei. The nuclei and fascicles of the nerve are located in the medulla, and the nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen and innervates the muscles of the tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia and MOTOR NEURON DISEASES may affect the nuclei or nerve fascicles. The nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral weakness of tongue musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation of the tongue towards the side of weakness upon attempted protrusion.
Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1390)
Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.
Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.
Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve). The two components of the nerve join and exit the skull via the jugular foramen, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which become weak or paralyzed if the nerve is injured. The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.
Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.
Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.
Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Magnetic resonance cisternography using the fast spin echo method for the evaluation of vestibular schwannoma. (1/43)

Neuroimaging of vestibular schwannoma was performed with the fat-suppression spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (SPGR) method and magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography, which is a fast spin echo method using a long echo train length, for the preoperative evaluation of the lateral extension of the tumor in the internal auditory canal, and the anatomical identification of the posterior semicircular canal and the nerves in the canal distal to the tumor. The SPGR method overestimated the lateral extension in eight cases, probably because of enhancement of the nerves adjacent to the tumor in the canal. The posterior semicircular canal could not be clearly identified, and the cranial nerves in the canal were shown only as a nerve bundle. In contrast, MR cisternography showed clear images of the lateral extension of the tumor and the facial and cochlear nerves adjacent to the tumor in the internal auditory canal. The anatomical location of the posterior semicircular canal was also clearly shown. These preoperative findings are very useful to plan the extent to which the internal auditory canal can be opened, and for intraoperative identification of the nerves in the canal. MR cisternography is less invasive since no contrast material or radiation is required, as with thin-slice high-resolution computed tomography (CT). MR cisternography should replace high-resolution CT for the preoperative neuroradiological evaluation of vestibular schwannoma.  (+info)

Multiple intracranial lipomas, hypogenetic corpus callosum and vestibular schwannoma: an unusual spectrum of MR findings in a patient. (2/43)

We describe imaging findings of a patient with multiple intracranial lipomas, hypogenetic corpus callosum and a vestibular schwannoma. We did not find association of intracranial lipomas and vestibular schwannoma in English literature.  (+info)

Neurosyphilis as a cause of facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction: MR imaging features. (3/43)

The prevalence of syphilis increased for several decades before the mid-1990s in the United States, particularly in the southern states. We report a case of neurosyphilis causing bilateral facial and vestibulocochlear nerve dysfunction in which the diagnosis was not initially suspected based on the patient's demographics and history. The MR imaging features helped to make the diagnosis in this case and to exclude other possible causes of multiple cranial nerve dysfunction in this patient. Hearing loss associated with neurosyphilis is one of the few treatable forms of progressive hearing loss, and it is essential that a diagnosis of neurosyphilis be made expeditiously.  (+info)

Dumbbell schwannomas of the internal auditory canal. (4/43)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Benign tumors of the internal auditory canal (IAC) may leave the confines of the IAC fundus and extend into inner ear structures, forming a dumbbell-shaped lesion. It is important to differentiate dumbbell lesions, which include facial and vestibulocochlear schwannomas, from simple intracanalicular schwannomas, as surgical techniques and prognostic implications are affected. In this article, the imaging and clinical features of these dumbbell schwannomas are described. METHODS: A dumbbell lesion of the IAC is defined as a mass with two bulbous segments, one in the IAC fundus and the other in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear or the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve canal, spanned by an isthmus. Twenty-four patients with dumbbell lesions of the IAC had their clinical and imaging data retrospectively reviewed. Images were evaluated for contour of the mass and extension into the membranous labyrinth or geniculate ganglion. RESULTS: Ten of 24 lesions were facial nerve dumbbell lesions. Characteristic features included an enhancing "tail" along the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and enlargement of the facial nerve canal. Dumbbell schwannomas of the vestibulocochlear nerve (14/24) included transmodiolar (8/14), which extended into the cochlea, transmacular (2/14), which extended into the vestibule, and combined transmodiolar/transmacular (4/14) types. CONCLUSION: Simple intracanalicular schwannomas can be differentiated from transmodiolar, transmacular, and facial nerve schwannomas with postcontrast and high-resolution fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging. Temporal bone CT is reserved for presurgical planning in the dumbbell facial nerve schwannoma group.  (+info)

Enhancement of the eighth cranial nerve and labyrinth on MR imaging in sudden sensorineural hearing loss associated with human herpesvirus 1 infection: case report. (5/43)

The case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with herpes labialis, subclinical meningitis, and sudden onset of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is presented. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging showed marked bilateral enhancement of the intracanalicular portion of the eighth cranial nerve, right cochlea, and left vestibule. Polymerase chain reaction was positive for human herpesvirus 1 obtained from the cerebral spinal fluid, which suggested the diagnosis of viral neuritis.  (+info)

A case of multiple schwannomas of the trigeminal nerves, acoustic nerves, lower cranial nerves, brachial plexuses and spinal canal: schwannomatosis or neurofibromatosis? (6/43)

In most cases, while schwannoma is sporadically manifested as a single benign neoplasm, the presence of multiple schwannomas in one patient is usually indicative of neurofibromatosis 2. However, several recent reports have suggested that schwannomatosis itself may also be a distinct clinical entity. This study examines an extremely rare case of probable schwannomatosis associated with intracranial, intraspinal and peripheral involvements. A 63-year-old woman presented with a seven-year history of palpable lumps on both sides of the supraclavicular area and hearing impairment in both ears. On physical examination, no skin manifestations were evident. Facial sensory change, deafness in the left ear and decreased gag reflex were revealed by neurological examination. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lesions of the trigeminal nerves, acoustic nerves, lower cranial nerves, spinal accessory nerve, brachial plexuses, and spinal nerves. Pathological examination of tumors from the bilateral brachial plexuses, the spinal nerve in the T8 spinal position and the neck mass revealed benign schwannomas. Following is this patient case report of multiple schwannomas presenting with no skin manifestations of neurofibromatosis.  (+info)

Two primary intracranial tumors of different histology: report of a case with a choroid plexus papilloma and a concurrent vestibular schwannoma in the cerebellopontine angle. (7/43)

A very rare case of multiple primary intracranial tumors is reported. A 41-year-old female patient was referred for surgery with a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor. Medical history and MRI study showed typical findings of a right acoustic neuroma with a hydrocephalus. Neurological, dermatological, and ocular examinations revealed no evidence of neurofibromatosis. During surgery, a red-colored cauliflower like mass was found in the right CPA. The roof of the fourth ventricle could be seen through the lateral recess after removal of the tumor. Another mass, a 1.5-cm sized schwannoma protruding through the right internal auditory meatus, was removed by the transmeatal approach. Although the tumor masses were in contact and compressed against each other, there was a clear demarcation between them. Histological examination confirmed that the first mass was a typical choroid plexus papilloma with fibrovascular core, and that the second was a schwannoma. The patient recovered without any new neurological deficit. Result of a Medline search indicated that this rare combination of multiple primary tumors has not been reported previously.  (+info)

Nitric oxide synthase in the frog cerebellum: response of Purkinje neurons to unilateral eighth nerve transection. (8/43)

When vestibular damage occurs, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in rat cerebellar flocculus is affected. Since compensation for postural symptoms occurs and Purkinje cells play an important role in movement coordination and motor learning, we analyzed in situ the induction of NOS in the Purkinje cell population of the cerebellum (corpus cerebelli) of frog after unilateral transection of the eighth statoacoustic nerve to gain insight into the role of NO in neural plasticity after injury. Three days after neurectomy, the early effects induced NADPH diaphorase reactivity in most of the Purkinje cells on the ipsilateral side, while on the contralateral side the highest labeling was observed at 15 days. This finding can give information on the dynamics of vestibular compensation, in which NOS involvement was investigated. At 30 days, NADPH diaphorase reactivity was present in a large number of Purkinje cells of the whole cerebellum, while at 60 days a down-regulation for NADPH diaphorase reactivity was evident. A similar trend was observed for NOS-immunoreactivity, which was still present at 60 days in a high percentage of Purkinje cells, mainly on the ipsilateral side. On the basis of cell density evaluations, it was proposed that the early induction of NOS after neurectomy was linked to the degeneration of a part of the Purkinje neurons, while the permanence of NOS labeling might be due to a neuroprotective role of NO in the restoration phase of the vestibular compensation process.  (+info)

The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the 8th cranial nerve, is responsible for transmitting sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain. Vestibulocochlear nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can result in hearing loss, vertigo, and balance problems.

These diseases can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infection, trauma, tumors, or degeneration. Some examples of vestibulocochlear nerve diseases include:

1. Vestibular neuritis: an inner ear infection that causes severe vertigo, nausea, and balance problems.
2. Labyrinthitis: an inner ear infection that affects both the vestibular and cochlear nerves, causing vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
3. Acoustic neuroma: a benign tumor that grows on the vestibulocochlear nerve, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems.
4. Meniere's disease: a inner ear disorder that causes vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear.
5. Ototoxicity: damage to the inner ear caused by certain medications or chemicals that can result in hearing loss and balance problems.
6. Vestibular migraine: a type of migraine that is associated with vertigo, dizziness, and balance problems.

Treatment for vestibulocochlear nerve diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medication, physical therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the auditory-vestibular nerve or cranial nerve VIII, is a paired peripheral nerve that transmits sensory information from the inner ear to the brain. It has two distinct parts: the cochlear part and the vestibular part.

The cochlear part is responsible for hearing and transmits sound signals from the cochlea to the brain. The vestibular part, on the other hand, is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation by transmitting information about head movement and position from the vestibular apparatus (utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals) in the inner ear to the brain.

Together, these two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve play a crucial role in our ability to hear and maintain balance. Damage to this nerve can result in hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), or balance problems.

The facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve (CN VII), is a mixed nerve that carries both sensory and motor fibers. Its functions include controlling the muscles involved in facial expressions, taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and secretomotor function to the lacrimal and salivary glands.

The facial nerve originates from the brainstem and exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus. It then passes through the facial canal in the temporal bone before branching out to innervate various structures of the face. The main branches of the facial nerve include:

1. Temporal branch: Innervates the frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi muscles responsible for eyebrow movements and eyelid closure.
2. Zygomatic branch: Supplies the muscles that elevate the upper lip and wrinkle the nose.
3. Buccal branch: Innervates the muscles of the cheek and lips, allowing for facial expressions such as smiling and puckering.
4. Mandibular branch: Controls the muscles responsible for lower lip movement and depressing the angle of the mouth.
5. Cervical branch: Innervates the platysma muscle in the neck, which helps to depress the lower jaw and wrinkle the skin of the neck.

Damage to the facial nerve can result in various symptoms, such as facial weakness or paralysis, loss of taste sensation, and dry eyes or mouth due to impaired secretion.

The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as the 8th cranial nerve, is responsible for hearing and balance. It has two parts: the cochlear part, which is associated with hearing, and the vestibular part, which is associated with balance.

Vestibulocochlear nerve injuries refer to damages or injuries to this nerve, which can result in hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (a spinning sensation), disequilibrium (unsteadiness), and other balance-related issues. These injuries can occur due to various reasons, such as head trauma, acoustic neuroma (a benign tumor that develops on this nerve), infection, inflammation, or complications from surgery.

The severity of the injury can vary, leading to different symptoms and levels of disability. In some cases, vestibulocochlear nerve injuries may be treated with medication, therapy, or surgery, while in other cases, the damage may be permanent.

Facial nerve diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the function of the facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve. This nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression, and it also carries sensory information from the taste buds in the front two-thirds of the tongue, and regulates saliva flow and tear production.

Facial nerve diseases can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the specific location and extent of the nerve damage. Common symptoms include:

* Facial weakness or paralysis on one or both sides of the face
* Drooping of the eyelid and corner of the mouth
* Difficulty closing the eye or keeping it closed
* Changes in taste sensation or dryness of the mouth and eyes
* Abnormal sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis)
* Twitching or spasms of the facial muscles

Facial nerve diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Infections such as Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and Lyme disease
* Trauma or injury to the face or skull
* Tumors that compress or invade the facial nerve
* Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Guillain-Barre syndrome
* Genetic disorders such as Moebius syndrome or hemifacial microsomia

Treatment for facial nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. In some cases, medication, physical therapy, or surgery may be necessary to restore function and relieve symptoms.

The vestibular nerve, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve or cranial nerve VIII, is a pair of nerves that transmit sensory information from the balance-sensing structures in the inner ear (the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals) to the brain. This information helps the brain maintain balance and orientation of the head in space. The vestibular nerve also plays a role in hearing by transmitting sound signals from the cochlea to the brain.

The inner ear is the innermost part of the ear that contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. It consists of a complex system of fluid-filled tubes and sacs called the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation, and the cochlea, a spiral-shaped organ that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.

The inner ear is located deep within the temporal bone of the skull and is protected by a bony labyrinth. The vestibular system includes the semicircular canals, which detect rotational movements of the head, and the otolith organs (the saccule and utricle), which detect linear acceleration and gravity.

Damage to the inner ear can result in hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (a spinning sensation), and balance problems.

The subarachnoid space is the area between the arachnoid mater and pia mater, which are two of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord (the third one being the dura mater). This space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides protection and cushioning to the central nervous system. The subarachnoid space also contains blood vessels that supply the brain and spinal cord with oxygen and nutrients. It's important to note that subarachnoid hemorrhage, a type of stroke, can occur when there is bleeding into this space.

Labyrinth diseases refer to conditions that affect the inner ear's labyrinth, which is the complex system of fluid-filled channels and sacs responsible for maintaining balance and hearing. These diseases can cause symptoms such as vertigo (a spinning sensation), dizziness, nausea, hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Examples of labyrinth diseases include Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Treatment for these conditions varies depending on the specific diagnosis but may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery.

Optic nerve diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as vision loss, decreased visual acuity, changes in color vision, and visual field defects. Examples of optic nerve diseases include optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), glaucoma (damage to the optic nerve due to high eye pressure), optic nerve damage from trauma or injury, ischemic optic neuropathy (lack of blood flow to the optic nerve), and optic nerve tumors. Treatment for optic nerve diseases varies depending on the specific condition and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Olfactory nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the olfactory nerve, which is the first cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell. These diseases can result in impaired or loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), as well as distorted perception of smells (parosmia). The causes of olfactory nerve diseases can include trauma, infection, inflammation, neurological disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals. Some examples of specific olfactory nerve diseases include sinusitis, upper respiratory infections, head injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Treatment for these conditions depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Vagus nerve diseases, also known as vagus nerve disorders, refer to conditions that affect the functioning of the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve and extends from the brainstem to the abdomen, playing a crucial role in regulating various automatic functions of the body such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and sweating.

Diseases of the vagus nerve can result from various causes, including inflammation, infection, trauma, compression, or degeneration. Some common vagus nerve disorders include:

1. Vagus nerve dysfunction: This is a general term used to describe any abnormality in the functioning of the vagus nerve. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific functions affected but can include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, voice changes, and abnormal heart rate or blood pressure.
2. Vagus nerve neuropathy: This is a condition that results from damage to the vagus nerve fibers. It can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, voice changes, and abnormal digestive function.
3. Gastroparesis: This is a condition in which the stomach muscles fail to contract properly, leading to delayed gastric emptying. Vagus nerve dysfunction is a common cause of gastroparesis.
4. Orthostatic hypotension: This is a condition characterized by a drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying down position. Vagus nerve dysfunction can contribute to this condition by causing an abnormal response in the heart rate and blood vessels.
5. Inflammatory disorders: Certain inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and sarcoidosis can affect the vagus nerve and cause various symptoms.

Treatment for vagus nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the pressure or irritation of a peripheral nerve, causing various symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area. This compression can occur due to several reasons, including injury, repetitive motion, bone spurs, tumors, or swelling. Common examples of nerve compression syndromes include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radial nerve compression, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist or elbow. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, medications, injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII), is primarily responsible for controlling tongue movements. Hypoglossal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and result in various tongue-related symptoms. These disorders can be congenital or acquired, and they may stem from different causes such as trauma, tumors, infections, inflammation, or degenerative processes.

Hypoglossal nerve diseases can present with the following symptoms:

1. Weakness or paralysis of the tongue muscles on one or both sides.
2. Deviation of the tongue towards the affected side when protruded.
3. Fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitches) or atrophy (wasting) of the tongue muscles.
4. Difficulty with speaking, swallowing, and chewing due to tongue weakness.
5. Changes in taste and sensation on the back of the tongue and throat.

Some specific hypoglossal nerve diseases include:

1. Hypoglossal nerve palsy: A condition characterized by unilateral or bilateral weakness or paralysis of the tongue due to damage to the hypoglossal nerve. Causes can include trauma, tumors, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological disorders.
2. Hypoglossal neuritis: Inflammation of the hypoglossal nerve, often caused by viral infections or autoimmune processes, leading to tongue weakness and atrophy.
3. Congenital hypoglossal nerve anomalies: Abnormal development of the hypoglossal nerve during fetal growth can result in various tongue-related symptoms and difficulties with speech and swallowing.
4. Tumors affecting the hypoglossal nerve: Both benign and malignant tumors, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can compress or infiltrate the hypoglossal nerve, causing weakness or paralysis.
5. Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis: A surgical procedure that connects the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve to restore facial movement in cases of facial nerve palsy. This connection can lead to tongue weakness as a side effect.

The glossopharyngeal nerve, also known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is primarily responsible for providing motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle and sensory innervation to parts of the pharynx, middle ear, and posterior tongue. It also plays a role in the reflexive control of heart rate via the baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus.

Glossopharyngeal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the function of this nerve, leading to various symptoms. These diseases can be classified into two main categories: peripheral and central. Peripheral disorders are caused by damage or injury to the nerve itself, while central disorders result from problems in the brainstem where the glossopharyngeal nerve originates.

Some examples of glossopharyngeal nerve diseases include:

1. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: A rare condition characterized by severe, stabbing pain in the throat, ear, or tongue, often triggered by swallowing or talking. This disorder may be caused by compression of the nerve by blood vessels or other structures.

2. Infections: Bacterial and viral infections can cause inflammation and damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve, leading to dysfunction. Examples include Lyme disease, herpes zoster (shingles), and meningitis.

3. Tumors: Benign or malignant growths in the head and neck region can compress and injure the glossopharyngeal nerve, resulting in symptoms related to its dysfunction.

4. Trauma: Direct trauma to the neck or skull base can damage the glossopharyngeal nerve, causing various deficits depending on the severity of the injury.

5. Neurological disorders: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis and stroke can affect the central connections of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the brainstem, leading to dysfunction.

6. Genetic conditions: Rare genetic disorders like Moersch-Woltman syndrome (also known as stiff person syndrome) can involve the glossopharyngeal nerve and cause symptoms related to its dysfunction.

Symptoms of glossopharyngeal nerve dysfunction may include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, loss of taste on the back of the tongue, decreased sensation in the throat or ear, and pain in the neck, throat, or ear. Treatment for these conditions depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, surgery, or other interventions to address the specific problem.

Onchocerciasis, Ocular is a medical condition that specifically refers to the eye manifestations caused by the parasitic infection, Onchocerca volvulus. Also known as "river blindness," this disease is spread through the bite of infected blackflies.

Ocular onchocerciasis affects various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea, iris, and retina. The infection can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, and redness of the eyes. Over time, it may lead to more serious complications like punctate keratitis (small, scattered opacities on the cornea), cataracts, glaucoma, and ultimately, blindness.

The infection is diagnosed through a skin snip or blood test, which can detect the presence of microfilariae (the larval stage of the parasite) or antibodies against the parasite. Treatment typically involves administering oral medications such as ivermectin, which kills the microfilariae and reduces the risk of eye damage. However, it does not kill the adult worms, so multiple doses are often required to control the infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove advanced ocular lesions.

Trigeminal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the trigeminal nerve, which is one of the cranial nerves responsible for sensations in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. The trigeminal nerve has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which innervate different parts of the face and head.

Trigeminal nerve diseases can cause various symptoms, including facial pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness. Some common trigeminal nerve diseases include:

1. Trigeminal neuralgia: A chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, causing intense, stabbing, or electric shock-like pain in the face.
2. Hemifacial spasm: A neuromuscular disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms on one side of the face, often affecting the muscles around the eye and mouth.
3. Trigeminal neuropathy: Damage or injury to the trigeminal nerve, which can result in numbness, tingling, or weakness in the face.
4. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome): A viral infection that affects the facial nerve and geniculate ganglion of the trigeminal nerve, causing facial paralysis, ear pain, and a rash around the ear.
5. Microvascular compression: Compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel, which can cause symptoms similar to trigeminal neuralgia.

Treatment for trigeminal nerve diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

The accessory nerve, also known as the 11th cranial nerve (CN XI), has both a cranial and spinal root and innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle. Accessory nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the function of this nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.

Some examples of accessory nerve diseases include:

1. Traumatic injury: Direct trauma to the neck or posterior scalene region can damage the spinal root of the accessory nerve. This can result in weakness or paralysis of the trapezius muscle, leading to difficulty with shoulder movement and pain.
2. Neuralgia: Accessory nerve neuralgia is a condition characterized by painful spasms or shooting pains along the course of the accessory nerve. It can be caused by nerve compression, inflammation, or injury.
3. Tumors: Tumors in the neck region, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can compress or invade the accessory nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
4. Infections: Viral infections, such as poliovirus or West Nile virus, can cause inflammation and damage to the accessory nerve, resulting in weakness or paralysis.
5. Neuropathy: Accessory nerve neuropathy is a condition characterized by degeneration of the accessory nerve fibers due to various causes such as diabetes, autoimmune disorders, or exposure to toxins. This can result in weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.
6. Congenital defects: Some individuals may be born with congenital defects that affect the development and function of the accessory nerve, leading to weakness or paralysis of the affected muscles.

Treatment for accessory nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and can include physical therapy, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

The abducens nerve, also known as the sixth cranial nerve, is responsible for controlling the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which enables the eye to move outward. Abducens nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can result in various symptoms, primarily affecting eye movement.

Here are some medical definitions related to abducens nerve diseases:

1. Abducens Nerve Palsy: A condition characterized by weakness or paralysis of the abducens nerve, causing difficulty in moving the affected eye outward. This results in double vision (diplopia), especially when gazing towards the side of the weakened nerve. Abducens nerve palsy can be congenital, acquired, or caused by various factors such as trauma, tumors, aneurysms, infections, or diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
2. Sixth Nerve Palsy: Another term for abducens nerve palsy, referring to the weakness or paralysis of the sixth cranial nerve.
3. Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO): A neurological condition affecting eye movement, often caused by a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the abducens nucleus with the oculomotor nucleus. INO results in impaired adduction (inward movement) of the eye on the side of the lesion and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) of the abducting eye on the opposite side when attempting to look towards the side of the lesion.
4. One-and-a-Half Syndrome: A rare neurological condition characterized by a combination of INO and internuclear ophthalmoplegia with horizontal gaze palsy on the same side, caused by damage to both the abducens nerve and the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). This results in limited or no ability to move the eyes towards the side of the lesion and impaired adduction of the eye on the opposite side.
5. Brainstem Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brainstem, which can affect the abducens nerve and other cranial nerves, leading to various neurological symptoms such as diplopia (double vision), ataxia (loss of balance and coordination), and facial weakness. Brainstem encephalitis can be caused by infectious agents, autoimmune disorders, or paraneoplastic syndromes.
6. Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system, including the brainstem and optic nerves. MS can cause various neurological symptoms, such as diplopia, nystagmus, and INO, due to damage to the abducens nerve and other cranial nerves.
7. Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often seen in alcoholics or individuals with malnutrition. Wernicke's encephalopathy can affect the brainstem and cause various symptoms such as diplopia, ataxia, confusion, and oculomotor abnormalities.
8. Pontine Glioma: A rare type of brain tumor that arises from the glial cells in the pons (a part of the brainstem). Pontine gliomas can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, facial weakness, and difficulty swallowing due to their location in the brainstem.
9. Brainstem Cavernous Malformation: A benign vascular lesion that arises from the small blood vessels in the brainstem. Brainstem cavernous malformations can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, ataxia, and facial weakness due to their location in the brainstem.
10. Pituitary Adenoma: A benign tumor that arises from the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. Large pituitary adenomas can compress the optic nerves and cause various visual symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, and decreased vision.
11. Craniopharyngioma: A benign tumor that arises from the remnants of the Rathke's pouch, a structure that gives rise to the anterior pituitary gland. Craniopharyngiomas can cause various neurological and endocrine symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, headaches, and hormonal imbalances due to their location near the optic nerves and pituitary gland.
12. Meningioma: A benign tumor that arises from the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord. Meningiomas can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, headaches, and seizures depending on their location in the brain or spinal cord.
13. Chordoma: A rare type of malignant tumor that arises from the remnants of the notochord, a structure that gives rise to the spine during embryonic development. Chordomas can cause various neurological and endocrine symptoms such as diplopia, visual field defects, headaches, and hormonal imbalances due to their location near the brainstem and spinal cord.
14. Metastatic Brain Tumors: Malignant tumors that spread from other parts of the body to the brain. Metastatic brain tumors can cause various neurological symptoms such as diplopia, headaches, seizures, and cognitive impairment depending on their location in the brain.
15. Other Rare Brain Tumors: There are many other rare types of brain tumors that can cause diplopia or other neurological symptoms, including gliomas, ependymomas, pineal region tumors, and others. These tumors require specialized diagnosis and treatment by neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons with expertise in these rare conditions.

In summary, diplopia can be caused by various brain tumors, including pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, chordomas, metastatic brain tumors, and other rare types of tumors. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience diplopia or other neurological symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.

The trochlear nerve, also known as the fourth cranial nerve (CN IV), is responsible for controlling the movement of the eye. It innervates the superior oblique muscle, which helps in depressing and rotating the eye downwards and outwards. Trochlear nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and impair its function, leading to symptoms such as double vision (diplopia), vertical misalignment of the eyes, and difficulty with depth perception.

Trochlear nerve diseases can be caused by various factors, including trauma, compression, inflammation, infection, or tumors. Some common conditions that affect the trochlear nerve include:

1. Trochlear nerve palsy: This is a weakness or paralysis of the trochlear nerve, which can cause vertical and torsional diplopia, especially when looking downwards or to the side. It can be congenital or acquired due to trauma, compression, or other causes.
2. Aneurysm: Aneurysms in the vicinity of the trochlear nerve can compress or damage it, leading to palsy and diplopia.
3. Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges (the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) due to infection or other causes can affect the trochlear nerve and cause palsy.
4. Multiple sclerosis (MS): This is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the cranial nerves. MS can cause demyelination of the trochlear nerve, leading to palsy and diplopia.
5. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic neuropathy, which can affect any peripheral nerve, including the trochlear nerve.
6. Tumors: Space-occupying lesions in the brain or skull base, such as meningiomas, schwannomas, or pituitary adenomas, can compress the trochlear nerve and cause palsy.

The diagnosis of trochlear nerve diseases involves a thorough neurological examination, including assessment of eye movements and alignment. Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans may be ordered to identify any structural lesions causing compression or damage to the nerve. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve surgical intervention, medication, or observation.

The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve (CN III), is responsible for controlling several important eye movements and functions. Oculomotor nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and can lead to various symptoms related to eye movement and function. Here's a medical definition of oculomotor nerve diseases:

Oculomotor nerve diseases are a group of medical disorders characterized by the dysfunction or damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN III), resulting in impaired eye movements, abnormalities in pupillary response, and potential effects on eyelid position. These conditions can be congenital, acquired, or traumatic in nature and may lead to partial or complete paralysis of the nerve. Common oculomotor nerve diseases include oculomotor nerve palsy, third nerve ganglionopathies, and compressive oculomotor neuropathies caused by various pathologies such as aneurysms, tumors, or infections.

... vestibulocochlear nerve diseases MeSH C09.218.807.800.675 - neuroma, acoustic MeSH C09.218.807.800.675.500 - neurofibromatosis ... cochlear diseases MeSH C09.218.568.217 - endolymphatic hydrops MeSH C09.218.568.217.500 - Ménière's disease MeSH C09.218. ... auditory diseases, central MeSH C09.218.807.186.094 - auditory perceptual disorders MeSH C09.218.807.186.432 - hearing loss, ... 568.315 - labyrinthitis MeSH C09.218.568.900 - vestibular diseases MeSH C09.218.568.900.883 - vertigo MeSH C09.218.705.496 - ...
... other types of brain tumours can cause hearing loss by infringement of the tumour on the vestibulocochlear nerve Viral diseases ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease variant 1E (CMT1E) is noted for demyelinating in addition to deafness. Autoimmune disease is ... People with HIV/AIDS may develop hearing problems due to the disease itself, medications they take for the disease, or an ... a covering that protects the nerves. If the auditory nerve becomes damaged, the affected person will become completely deaf in ...
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... or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). SNHL accounts for about 90% of reported hearing loss[citation needed]. ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease an inherited neurological disorder with delayed onset that can affect the ears as well as other ... may affect the initiation of the nerve impulse in the cochlear nerve or the transmission of the nerve impulse along the nerve ... The cerebellopontine angle is the exit site of both the facial nerve(CN7) and the vestibulocochlear nerve(CN8). Patients with ...
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... vestibulocochlear nerve. The damaged structure then produces the symptoms the patient presents with. Ototoxicity in the cochlea ... The time frames for progress of the disease vary greatly and symptoms of hearing loss may be temporary or permanent. The ... Cranial nerve VIII is the least affected component of the ear when ototoxicity arises, but if the nerve is affected, the damage ... Such treatments are typically taken to comfort the patient, not to cure the disease or damage caused by ototoxicity. There is ...
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... the trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN ... A rare brain disease of the cerebellum is rhombencephalosynapsis characterized by an absent or partially formed vermis. ... vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII ... in terms of the genes that it expresses and its position in between the brain and the nerve cord. It has been suggested that ...
Persons with cochlear deficits fail otoacoustic emissions testing, while persons with 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear ... This may include a blood or other sera test for inflammatory markers such as those for autoinflammatory diseases. A hearing ... The electrodes of the implant are designed to stimulate the array of nerve fibers that previously responded to different ... which then send information to the brain via the auditory nerve. The cochlea is tonotopically mapped in a spiral fashion, with ...
... known also as familial progressive vestibulocochlear dysfunction is an autosomal dominant disease that results in sensorineural ... It is suggested that the mucopolysaccharide deposit could cause strangulation of nerve endings. The maculas and crista ... Vertigo Nausea and vomiting Head movement-dependent oscillopsia The disease is an inherited autosomal dominant disease, but the ... "Familial Progressive Vestibulocochlear Dysfunction Caused by a COCH Mutation (DFNA9)". Archives of Neurology. 57 (7): 1045-1047 ...
This is achieved by inputs to the vestibular nucleus from: the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). This is related to head ... Other demyelinating diseases, as well as certain neoplasms and strokes, can also cause the same symptoms. In 1846, neurologist ... It connects the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the trochlear nerve (CN IV), and the abducens nerve (CN VI). It ... The medial longitudinal fasciculus is the main central connection for the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve ...
The nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) are located ... Diseases of the brainstem can result in abnormalities in the function of cranial nerves that may lead to visual disturbances, ... From this junction, CN VI (abducens nerve), CN VII (facial nerve) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) emerge. At the level of ... Oculomotor nerve nucleus: This is the third cranial nerve nucleus. Trochlear nerve nucleus: This is the fourth cranial nerve. ...
... is also used experimentally to treat tinnitus and vertigo caused by vascular compression on the vestibulocochlear nerve. ... No blood test or genetic marker exists to diagnose the disease. An MRI scan can help eliminate other diagnoses. Newer MRI ... Less often the nerve is thin and pale. Once the vessel is mobilized a sponge like material is placed between the nerve and the ... Frequently a groove or indentation is seen in the nerve where the offending vessel was in contact with the nerve. ...
It may be damaged in Ménière's disease. It is named after the German anatomist Ernst Reissner. The vestibular membrane ... doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-05712-7.00002-7. ISBN 978-0-323-05712-7. Hain, Timothy C. (2007). "12 - Cranial Nerve VIII: ... Vestibulocochlear System". Textbook of Clinical Neurology (3rd ed.). Saunders. pp. 199-215. doi:10.1016/B978-141603618-0.10012- ... This may occur in Ménière's disease. The vestibular membrane is also known as Reissner's membrane. This alternative name is ...
"Lyme disease rashes and look-alikes". Lyme Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 18 April 2019. Wright ... the latter two symptoms due to damage to vestibulocochlear nerve and the inner ear. Longitudinal fracture in the vertical plane ... the facial nerve can be reinnervated with techniques such as cross-facial nerve grafting, nerve transfers and end-to-end nerve ... If nerve conduction studies show a large (>90%) change in nerve conduction, the nerve should be decompressed. The facial ...
Hain, Timothy C. (2007-01-01), Goetz, Christopher G. (ed.), "Chapter 12 - Cranial Nerve VIII: Vestibulocochlear System", ... McGurk, Mark (2006). "12 - ENT Disorders". Essential Human Disease for Dentists. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 195-204. doi: ... Diseases of middle ear and mastoid, Injuries of head). ...
... fibers of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the spinal and principal trigeminal nerve nuclei, which form the general somatic ... Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disease that causes difficulty with sense of balance, walking, sense of touch, ... A number of cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons: mid-pons: the principle sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (V) ... facial nerve nucleus (VII) lower down in the pons: vestibulocochlear nuclei (vestibular nuclei and cochlear nuclei) (VIII) ...
... conductive hearing loss if it interferes with the transmission of vibrations of middle ear bones to the vestibulocochlear nerve ... Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe disease or under two years old. In those with less severe disease they ... Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an ... "Ear disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children" (PDF). AIHW. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February ...
The vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII (the vestibulocochlear nerve) can be affected, resulting in tinnitus, vertigo, ... Streptomycin controls bacterial diseases of certain fruit, vegetables, seed, and ornamental crops. A major use is in the ... Torok E, Moran E, Cooke F (2009). Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. OUP Oxford. p. Chapter 2. ISBN ... Part I. From Waksman to Waksman". The American Review of Respiratory Disease. 117 (4): 773-781. doi:10.1164/arrd.1978.117.4.773 ...
... which in turn joins the vestibular nerve to form the vestibulocochlear nerve, or cranial nerve number VIII. The region of the ... "A PET study of the functional neuroanatomy of writing impairment in Alzheimer's disease. The role of the left supramarginal and ... Vestibulocochlear Nerve Middle brooks JC (2009). "Auditory System: Central Pathways". In Squire LF (ed.). Encyclopedia of ... Its hair cells transform the fluid waves into nerve signals. The journey of countless nerves begins with this first step; from ...
... the vestibulocochlear nerve or the processing centers of the brain. Szymko-Bennett et al. (2001) found that the overall hearing ... Middle ear disease is common among individuals with Nager syndrome. Chronic otitis media and Eustachian tube deformity can ... A conductive hearing loss along with middle ear disease is most commonly seen in patients with Pfeiffer syndrome; although, ... For this reason, early detection and treatment for middle ear disease is crucial in this population. Sensorineural hearing loss ...
Due to its proximity to the vestibulocochlear nerve, the virus can spread and cause hearing loss, tinnitus (hearing noises that ... Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer or tumors. This test is most commonly ordered if the patient presents atypically with ... Nerve pain associated with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome may be extreme and centered in the ear, neck, cheek, jaw and face. This nerve ... If the nerve cells affected lie within the facial nerves, it causes the symptoms described above. Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 ...
... and are transmitted to the vestibulocochlear nerve in the inner ear. This nerve transmits information to the temporal lobe of ... Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, strokes, and other infective and congenital diseases may also result in the perception of ... The great auricular nerve, auricular nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, and lesser and greater occipital nerves of the cervical ... Parts of the otic vesicle in turn form the vestibulocochlear nerve. These form bipolar neurons which supply sensation to parts ...
Most common of these is a vestibular schwannoma, a tumor of the vestibulocochlear nerve that may lead to tinnitus and hearing ... diseases of the skin : clinical dermatology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. Rapini RP, ... The tumor cells always stay on the outside of the nerve, but the tumor itself may either push the nerve aside and/or up against ... Outside the cranial nerves, schwannomas may present on the flexor surfaces of the limbs. Rare occurrences of these tumors in ...
For hearing, cochlear implants are used to stimulate the auditory nerve directly. The vestibulocochlear nerve is part of the ... Neurostimulators have been in use since 1997 to ease the symptoms of such diseases as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, dystonia ... It may ultimately help diagnose and treat a range of brain pathologies, such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. In 2023, ... as deep brain stimulation and Vagus nerve stimulation are increasingly becoming routine for patients with Parkinson's disease ...
... facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI), and the ... Trauma to the skull, disease of bone, such as Paget's disease, and injury to nerves during surgery are other causes of nerve ... The nerves are: the olfactory nerve (I), the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve ( ... the pons has the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII ...
It is thought to result from the virus spreading from the facial nerve to the vestibulocochlear nerve. Symptoms include hearing ... Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and ... The trigeminal nerve is the most commonly involved nerve, of which the ophthalmic division is the most commonly involved branch ... The virus then travels along nerve bodies to nerve endings in the skin, producing blisters. During an outbreak of shingles, ...
A decay of more than 25 decibels is indicative of damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve. A tone at the frequency of 4000 Hz is ... Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery, p. 26. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 8131236935 Kramme, Rüdiger; ... TD is a procedure for diagnosing retro-cochlear pathology (RCP, damage to the auditory nerve). It is part of battery of tests ... The actual value of any tone decay procedure in accurately identifying 8 cranial nerve pathology has not been extensively ...
... which is most likely due to damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) and not the cochlea itself. Some people ... This disease was first discovered in 1908 by R.C. Hamill after performing an autopsy. Detection of this disease was largely ... and cranial nerve VIII. Iron deposition is also present in cranial nerves I & II, but this damage less frequently presents ... Detection is complicated by the fact that superficial siderosis is a rare disease and is not well described in neurological ...
... vestibulocochlear and hypoglossal nerves. Great feats were made during the third century BCE in both the digestive and ... and characterizing the course of disease. Erasistratus accurately described the structure of the brain, including the cavities ... The latter consists of sensory nerves that transmit information from sense organs and motor nerves that influence target organs ... the nerves form a nerve net, but in most animals they are organized longitudinally into bundles. In simple animals, receptor ...
... vestibulocochlear nerve diseases MeSH C09.218.807.800.675 - neuroma, acoustic MeSH C09.218.807.800.675.500 - neurofibromatosis ... cochlear diseases MeSH C09.218.568.217 - endolymphatic hydrops MeSH C09.218.568.217.500 - Ménières disease MeSH C09.218. ... auditory diseases, central MeSH C09.218.807.186.094 - auditory perceptual disorders MeSH C09.218.807.186.432 - hearing loss, ... 568.315 - labyrinthitis MeSH C09.218.568.900 - vestibular diseases MeSH C09.218.568.900.883 - vertigo MeSH C09.218.705.496 - ...
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Disease Nursing and Health Professions 34% * Childhood Medicine and Dentistry 30% ...
... image shows enhancement within the cisternal segment of both the vestibulocochlear nerve complex and the facial nerve. C) Axial ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for ...
Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms ... Median Nerve Diseases. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. ... Trochlear Nerve Diseases. 2. + + 23. Vestibulocochlear Nerve ... Diseases. Frequent searches. Medicinal plants. Health topics. Medical dictionary. Health sites. Questions and answers. ...
Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; ...
Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; ... Vascular Hemophilias -- See von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either ... Vascular Pseudohemophilia -- See von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is ... Vascular Pseudohemophilias -- See von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is ...
vestibulocochlear nerve disease DOID:12657 * ceruminous carcinoma DOID:6446 * no_name DOID:11433 ... A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. Embeddings are ...
Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; ... This may result from cranial nerve diseases; neuromuscular diseases; cerebellar diseases; basal ganglia diseases; brain stem ... Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; ... Motor ataxia may be associated with cerebellar diseases; cerebral cortex diseases; thalamic diseases; basal ganglia diseases; ...
The inner ear is connected to the vestibulocochlear nerve, which carries sound and equilibrium information to the brain. ... Menieres disease a disease of the inner ear that may be the result of fluid problems inside the ear. Symptoms include hearing ... Ear diseases & conditions. Ears are delicate organs that can be damaged by physical injuries, bacteria or even changes in the ... Tiny hair cells in this organ translate the vibrations into electrical impulses that are carried to the brain by sensory nerves ...
This study might suggest us a clue to the pathogenesis of vestibulocochlear nerve disease in herpes zoster oticus ... and the pathogenesis of vestibulocochlear nerve disease in herpes zoster oticus. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of ... STUDY OF VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE AFFECTION IN HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS. Abstract. Naveen Kumar A. G1 , Mohan Kumar H. M2 , Gaurav R ... with herpes zoster oticus was designed in order to determine the classic characteristics of vestibulocochlear nerve disease ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
ACOUSTIC NERVE. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE. ACOUSTIC NERVE DISEASES. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES. ADIES SYNDROME. ADIE ... PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX DEFICIENCY ... INJURIES, POISONINGS, AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. DISORDERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN. INSOMNIA. SLEEP INITIATION AND MAINTENANCE ... NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE. NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES. NYSTAGMUS. NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC. OCULOMOTOR NERVE PARALYSIS. OCULOMOTOR NERVE ...
... cranial nerve [CN] VIII) schwannoma, and as many as 10% of patients with this tumor have NF2. ... The most common tumor associated with the syndrome is the vestibulocochlear ( ... 2] The tumor most commonly associated with this syndrome is the vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve [CN] VIII) schwannoma (VS); as ... Although NF2 shares a name with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; von Recklinghausen disease), the 2 diseases are separate ...
Vestibulocochlear Nerve. *Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases. *Vestibulocochlear Nerve Injuries. *Vestibuloplasty. *Veterans. * ...
Aminoglycosides/polypeptides: Streptomycin use has been associated with a 10 percent rate of vestibulocochlear nerve toxicity ... TB disease (defined as clinically active disease, often with positive smears and cultures) can develop soon after exposure to M ... Positive screening testa for LTBI, no evidence of active TB disease, and no prior history of treatment for active disease or ... Positive screening testa for LTBI, no evidence of active TB disease, and no prior history of treatment for active disease or ...
Vestibulocochlear nerve When both divisions of the vestibulocochlear nerve are affected by disease, symptoms may include ... from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel(wrist canal through which flexor tendons and the median nerve ... Myasthenia Gravis is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including: Thyroid diseases, including Hashimotos ... and enhancement on CT/MRI ephaptic electrical conduction of a nerve impulse across a non-synaptic contact site between nerves ...
It can result from a problem in the inner ear, brain, or sensory nerve pathways. Learn more. ... cerebellar or brain stem disease. *acoustic neuroma, which is a benign growth that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve near ... Within this area is the vestibulocochlear nerve.. This nerve sends information to the brain about head motion, position, and ... Ménières disease. This disease causes a buildup of fluid in the inner ear, which can lead to attacks of vertigo with ringing ...
... ranging from the traditional study of cranial nerves, the ventricular system, the subarachnoid cisterns and related pathology ... that has been used in an increasing number of applications in the study of brain disease in recent years. Owing to the very ... the vestibulocochlear nerve splits into three components (the cochlear nerve and the superior and inferior vestibular nerves) ... This is especially helpful in the evaluation of neoplastic diseases (like in optic nerve glioma and optic nerve sheath ...
Did you know some of Menieres disease neck exercises have proved to be effective and helpful in finding relief? Read now to ... Irritated or compressed vestibulocochlear nerve. *Impinged brainstem or spinal cord. *Poor fluid drainage in the head ... What helps Menieres disease?. Menieres disease can be managed with lifestyle changes, medication, dietary modifications, and ... Beyond Doing Menieres Disease Neck Exercises. Indeed, doing the different Menieres disease neck exercises and other physical ...
It seems neuroplasticity of the brain is a good treatment for degenerative diseases such as AD, which is possible through ... The keywords Alzheimers disease, neuroplasticity, auditory and vestibular rehabilitation, auditory and vestibular disorders ... Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia which, in addition to affecting memory, cognition, language, and ... The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII). Diagn Interv Imaging. 2013 Oct;94(10):1043-50. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2013.08.015. Epub 2013 ...
  • An artery compresses the eighth cranial nerve (also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve), resulting in vestibular paroxysms. (intrepid21.com)
  • These nerves are twined together to form the vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve). (mayoclinic.org)
  • It also interacts with the third and fourth cranial nerves, oculomotor and trochlear, respectively, as well as with the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) to perform conjugate eye movements (discussed later). (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Sensory information from the inner ear is relayed to the brain via the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve (CNVIII), which is also called the vestibulocochlear nerve. (revitalhealth.ca)
  • The eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) or vestibulocochlear nerve is composed of 2 different sets of fibers: (1) the cochlear nerve and (2) the vestibular nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Cranial nerves are so named because they originate directly from the brain. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Most of the cranial nerves originate from the brain stem. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. (sdsu.edu)
  • The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • Some cases also impact cranial nerve VIII, the vestibulocochlear nerve, which lies in close proximity to cranial nerve VII. (hillspet.com)
  • Cranial nerve VIII transmits both sound and information about the body's sense of balance from the ear to the brain. (hillspet.com)
  • Veterinary Partner notes that a disruption of cranial nerve VIII causes vestibular disease, which manifests as an unsteady gait, weakness, head tilt and nystagmus (abnormal eye movement). (hillspet.com)
  • Very (Vestibulocochlear/Auditory VIII) Says 9. (spagades.com)
  • This fasciculus connects the abducent nerve nucleus with the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Samples were transferred and kept fro- nerve (cranial nerve VIII), the inner zen at -20 °C in our research laboratory. (who.int)
  • The division of cranial nerve (CN) VIII into the cochlear and vestibular branches may occur in the medial segment of the IAC or in the subarachnoid space. (medscape.com)
  • Tiny hair cells in this organ translate the vibrations into electrical impulses that are carried to the brain by sensory nerves. (livescience.com)
  • A typical outward symptom of sensory ataxia is misplacing the feet, accompanied by a progressive weakness as the disease advances. (wolvesdenranch.com)
  • Central vestibular signs usually have changing types of eye movements, sensory deficits, weakness in the legs (all or one sided), multiple cranial nerve signs, and drowsiness, stupor, or coma. (wolvesdenranch.com)
  • Olfactory nerve - CN I. Sensory cranial nerves help a person see, smell, and hear. (spagades.com)
  • Which of the cranial nerves are sensory only? (spagades.com)
  • The sensory and motor innervation to the structures in the head and neck region of the body is exclusively provided by the cranial nerves. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The trochlear nerve is a pure motor nerve having no sensory component. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • If one inner ear is affected by disease or injury then the sensory input being sent to the brain will falsely indicate movement from that vestibular system. (revitalhealth.ca)
  • Vertigo is not a condition itself but rather is a symptom of an underlying condition typically associated with the inner ear, brain, or sensory nerve pathway. (enticare.com)
  • This nerve is also in the inner ear and transmits sensory information to the brain. (enticare.com)
  • Ninety to ninety-five percent of people with MS have proteins in their spinal fluid that are typically found in the spinal fluid of people with nervous system diseases that are known to be reactions to viruses. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The pulsatile vascular compression may result in nerve demyelination and/or fixation of the artery to the nerve by arachnoid adhesions [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Vestibulocochlear nerve When both divisions of the vestibulocochlear nerve are affected by disease, symptoms may include ringing in the ear ( tinnitus ), a sensation of spinning ( vertigo ), and other symptoms such as deafness. (symptoma.com)
  • In Ménière disease an accumulation of fluid in the inner ear produces increasing deafness, tinnitus, and vertigo . (symptoma.com)
  • Neck stretches are among the most recommended Meniere's disease home exercises you can do to relieve your symptoms like vertigo and ear congestion. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • It's also among the most commonly used activities of patients who desire to resolve their Meniere's disease or vertigo. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • That's why therapists and doctors suggest including levator scapulae stretching Meniere's disease exercises in your self-care routine to minimize the impact of vertigo and Meniere's disease. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • If you have been dealing with vertigo due to Meniere's disease for quite a while, you might find it helpful to include chin tucks in your daily workout routine. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Besides the neck and shoulder exercises we shared above, you might also find it helpful to try the other well-known Meniere's disease physical therapy exercises and activities for vertigo episodes. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Vertigo can become so severe in some people with Ménière's disease that they lose their footing and fall over. (intrepid21.com)
  • Therefore, any disease affecting the inner ear can cause vertigo, especially if it's involving the semicircular canals, utricle or the saccule. (healthtwocents.com)
  • Vertigo attributed to Ménière's disease is common among adult females. (healthtwocents.com)
  • Vertigo in Ménière's disease occurs in an episodic pattern and it's tough to cure completely by medications alone. (healthtwocents.com)
  • Tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and vertigo are common audio-vestibular symptoms and they are well-known classic triad in inner ear disease involving the membranous labyrinth [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Vertigo is the chief complaint of patients when there is dysfunction or disease within the inner ear portion of the balance pathway or along the inner ears' connections to the brain. (revitalhealth.ca)
  • Meniere's disease , which is associated with hearing loss and vertigo also may cause tinnitus. (medicationjunction.com)
  • During the nineteenth century, opinions ranged from the traditional view that vertigo could indicate a brain disease, a disorder akin to melancholy or hypochondria, or was strictly a hallucination, illusory sensation, or a sign of insanity [1]. (acnr.co.uk)
  • The Hippocratic corpus (c.460-370 BC) represents vertigo as a disease of the head caused by excessive heat or blood. (acnr.co.uk)
  • Meniere disease - Tinnitus, vertigo, and aural fullness will be present. (logicalimages.com)
  • Meniere's disease causes fluid buildup in your ear leading to vertigo spells. (joomdactor.com)
  • Symptoms of vertigo vary from mild to severe, depending on the cause of the disease. (joomdactor.com)
  • Meniere's disease is most common among adults 40-60 years old and can cause vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. (enticare.com)
  • In addition to these common underlying conditions that produce vertigo as a symptom, vertigo can also be caused by: migraines, head injuries, multiple sclerosis, brain stem disease, and strokes. (enticare.com)
  • It is also used to treat symptoms of vertigo (dizziness or spinning sensation) caused by disease that affects your inner ear. (elispot.biz)
  • It's the inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve, the nerve that supplies the inner ear. (healthtwocents.com)
  • Vestibular neuritis is the inflammation of a vestibular nerve. (joomdactor.com)
  • An infection in the vestibular nerve causes vestibular neuritis, which results in inflammation of the nerve. (grocare.com)
  • describes the inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth and, specifically, the vestibulocochlear nerve. (enticare.com)
  • similar to labyrinthitis, vestibular neuritis is caused by an infection that produces the inflammation of the vestibular nerve. (enticare.com)
  • If you often deal with Meniere's disease symptoms, chances are, you have scrolled through pages and pages of resources that talk about options for relief. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • The symptoms of ear disease might be subtle or severe. (intrepid21.com)
  • The symptoms of a peripheral nerve tumor develop from direct effects on the main nerve or from the tumor pressing on nearby nerves, blood vessels or tissues. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Symptoms of peripheral nerve tumors vary depending on where the tumors are located and the tissues affected. (mayoclinic.org)
  • They include the nerves that transmit smell, those responsible for vision and the movement of the eyes, those that control facial movements, those responsible for hearing and balance, and those responsible for chewing, swallowing, vocalizing, and movement of the Other times a person's neurologic symptoms bring them to the doctors office. (spagades.com)
  • Approximately 30% of older people have neuralgia, and may have Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, which is unusually accompanied by shingles and facial paralysis or vestibulocochlear nerve symptoms. (hanaromf.com)
  • Bacterial infections are commonly treated with prescribed antibiotics, over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms, and other prescribed medications to treat conditions like Meniere's disease. (enticare.com)
  • The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. (sdsu.edu)
  • Idiopathic (unexplained) hearing loss 119 SNHL children having cochlear Student t-test was used to determine may be the result of an infectious disease implant surgery, ranging in age from 3 significant differences in means and or an injury [1]. (who.int)
  • The cochlear portion of the nerve transmits information about hearing. (revitalhealth.ca)
  • The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
  • The longer central processes of the bipolar cochlear neurons unite to form the cochlear nerve trunk. (medscape.com)
  • A more complex nerve sheath tumor may assume the shape of a dumbbell. (mayoclinic.org)
  • This type of tumor occurs in the spine and lower abdomen and are intertwined with important nerves. (mayoclinic.org)
  • An acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma) is a benign tumor that develops on the balance and hearing nerves leading from the inner ear to the brain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The pressure on the nerve from the tumor may cause hearing loss and imbalance. (mayoclinic.org)
  • When the tumor can't be removed without damaging nearby healthy tissue and nerves, other treatments may be considered. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Weakness or numbness in the face, mouth, and neck may be associated with a tumor or other structural abnormality pressing on a nerve. (medicationjunction.com)
  • A condition that affects the acoustic nerve. (intrepid21.com)
  • Other causes include acoustic neuroma and Ménière's disease. (grocare.com)
  • Everything works together to send and transmit nerve impulses, which are signals that control almost every function in the human body. (organixx.com)
  • Mechanism of action: The induction is very simple and something that is characteristic of an object or surface, hence the high testosterone lifestyle spark up your testosterone levels in all its modes, including touch, pressure, vibration, acceleration, or gravity into nerve impulses or nerve injury present with overlapping response curves. (riversideortho.com)
  • These mechanisms are discussed in detail the most common viruses are usually confined to one of the last stitch closest to the element, a cross if it is secreted, before flowing passively into the vestibulocochlear nerve that transmits impulses from the exeter study also examined speci c instruments 1982;194:35 27. (riversideortho.com)
  • Although a presumed case of NF2 was first described in 1882 by Wishart, this disease was not separated from von Recklinghausen disease until 1987, when it was demonstrated that the 2 disorders arose from different chromosomes. (medscape.com)
  • In these disorders, tumors develop on or near the nerves throughout the body. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. (sdsu.edu)
  • This illustration shows a schwannoma of the tibial nerve in the leg. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Pet parents familiar with Bell's Palsy, a form of facial paralysis in people that the Mayo Clinic notes also includes nerve damage, will notice a similar change in the appearance of their dog's face. (hillspet.com)
  • Childhood-onset of recurrent headaches with an oculomotor cranial nerve palsy. (nih.gov)
  • You might have also come across exercises for Meniere's disease. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Check out some of the simplest and most effective Meniere's disease treatment exercises. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Like neck rotation, neck flexion and extension are also simple neck exercises for Meniere's disease that don't require special equipment. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • The levator scapulae critical Meniere's disease physical therapy exercises that helps to ensure the smooth movement of your shoulders and neck muscles. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • It is considered to be among the most effective Meniere's disease treatment exercises. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • You can repeat this Meniere's disease home exercises twice each day and see how well you progress. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Indeed, doing the different Meniere's disease neck exercises and other physical activities listed above can make a significant difference in your life. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • Feel free to integrate these activities into your daily or weekly routine or use them with other Meniere's disease remedies such as upper cervical care. (uppercervicalawareness.com)
  • In Meniere's disease, doctors prescribe diuretics to reduce pressure from fluid buildup. (joomdactor.com)
  • Auditory Diseases, Central" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Auditory Diseases, Central" by people in this website by year, and whether "Auditory Diseases, Central" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Auditory Diseases, Central" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • Cranial nerve IV (trochlear nerve). (spagades.com)
  • and TROCHLEAR NERVE are involved with DIPLOPIA and BLEPHAROPTOSIS . (nih.gov)
  • All the extraocular muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III) except the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles, which are innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and abducent nerve (CN VI), respectively. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Tinnitus is a symptom, not a disease, and it has a variety of causes that may arise anywhere in the hearing mechanism. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases that are associated with muscle spasms may also be a cause of tinnitus, as they may lead to spasms of certain muscles in the middle ear that can cause the repetitive clicking. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve responsible for transmitting sound from the ear to the brain may cause tinnitus. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Imaging is crucial for determining whether the disease is localized to the peripheral vestibular system, the spinal cord, or the cerebellum. (wolvesdenranch.com)
  • Decrease or restrict your dog's exercise if your veterinarian suspects spinal cord disease. (wolvesdenranch.com)
  • Portion of spinal cord which shows spinal nerves at approximately 5x life size. (unlv.edu)
  • Full pelvis and occipital plate, fully flexible mounting throughout spine, L3-L4 disc prolapsed on spine, spinal nerve exits, and cervical vertebral artery. (unlv.edu)
  • The nervous system comprises the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves that travel through the body. (organixx.com)
  • The 12 cranial nerves are: I Olfactory Nerve. (spagades.com)
  • Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfactory Smell test is done if Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (spagades.com)
  • The nuclei of the cranial nerves are the collection of cell bodies of axons forming that cranial nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Facial colliculi are actually rounded, bulged structures that are formed by the winding of fibers of the facial nerve around the nuclei of abducent nerves. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. (nih.gov)
  • It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. (lecturio.com)
  • Peripheral nerves control muscles that allow you to walk, blink, swallow, pick things up and do other activities. (mayoclinic.org)
  • This nerve is connected to the muscles that control your dog's eyelids, lips, nose, ears and cheeks, and when it's damaged a portion of his face can appear frozen or droopy. (hillspet.com)
  • It is a long, slender, motor nerve and supplies only one of the extraocular muscles of the eye and functions in the movement of the eyeball within the orbit. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Superficial and deeper muscles including tendons, vessels, nerves, and bone components of the left arm and shoulder. (unlv.edu)
  • Superficial and deeper muscles including tendons, vessels, nerves, and bone components of the left leg and foot. (unlv.edu)
  • From their point of origin in the brain, the fibers of cranial nerve VII run close to the middle ear on their way to the face. (hillspet.com)
  • Induces the secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, and survival of nerve fibers [6-8]. (organixx.com)
  • Notice the en plaque meningioma anterior to the brainstem. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The length of the vestibulocochlear nerve, from the glial-Schwann junction to the brainstem, is 10-13 mm in the human male and 7-10 mm in females. (medscape.com)
  • Abducens nerve emerges from the brain stem in the posterior cranial fossa from a groove at the junction of the pons and medulla oblongata medial to the facial nerve exit. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. (nih.gov)
  • They will perform a comprehensive physical exam of your dog's eyes, ears and motor coordination and check for other cranial nerve and systemic neurological problems. (hillspet.com)
  • There is only one nucleus for each of the abducent nerves that is present in the upper pons (seen in the cut section of upper pons) at the level of facial colliculi. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Nerves are strands of tissue that transmit signals from the brain to the rest of the body. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Abducens nerve leaves the cranial cavity and enters into the cavity of bony orbit via the superior orbital fissure. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • As we know, the abducens nerve is a motor nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • A knowledge graph of biological entities such as genes, gene functions, diseases, phenotypes and chemicals. (edu.sa)
  • View [MICRO B] Cranial Nerves _ Motor Functions (GIRON 2019).pdf from MATH 101 at University of Science & Technology, Bannu. (spagades.com)
  • Neurological diseases including short-term or long-term memory loss, Alzheimer's, and delirium's are mostly observed among the elderly persons symptomized by a reduction in neurological functions. (edumedlab.com)
  • Other diseases such as diabetes are known to destroy cognitive functions, thus causing an increase in the chances of hypertension and elevated blood cholesterol levels among the elderly (Dumurgier & Tzourio, 2020). (edumedlab.com)
  • Facial paralysis results from damage to a facial nerve called cranial nerve VII. (hillspet.com)
  • If you suspect your dog has facial nerve paralysis, contact your veterinarian. (hillspet.com)
  • Pet Health Network notes that a significant risk of facial nerve paralysis in dogs is keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly known as dry eye. (hillspet.com)
  • The VIIth and VIIIth nerves are encased in glial tissue throughout their intracranial course. (medscape.com)
  • Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (edu.au)
  • Some studies show that the etiology could be related to the presence of a vascular loop in contact with the 8th cranial nerve. (springeropen.com)
  • Therefore, presence of vascular loops in contact with the 8th cranial nerve is not certainly considered pathological but possibly to be a normal anatomical coincidental finding. (springeropen.com)
  • It has been proposed that compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) by a vascular loop of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) could be the causative factor resulting in the otologic symptom. (springeropen.com)
  • An improvement in dysfunctional hyperactivity of the 8th cranial nerve was detected after microvascular decompression, which favored relation to the existence of a vascular loop [ 2 , 9 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Peripheral vascular disease refers in this subchapter to vascular disease other than coronary artery disease. (aviation.govt.nz)
  • A diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease implies an elevated cardiovascular risk. (aviation.govt.nz)
  • A history of peripheral vascular disease should be assessed as being of aeromedical significance. (aviation.govt.nz)
  • Sympathetic nerves, which cause reflex motions. (spagades.com)
  • The internal carotid artery, along with its sympathetic plexus and abducents nerve, is wrapped in a sheath called a carotid sheath. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The condition affects the working of the vestibulocochlear nerve, which sends information to your brain, affecting head motion, position, and sound. (joomdactor.com)
  • Within this area is the vestibulocochlear nerve that sends nerve signals to the brain about sound, head motion, and position of a person. (grocare.com)
  • Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve can cause changes in head and neck position, as the affected animal may feel a false sense of movement, or may be having problems with hearing. (wolvesdenranch.com)
  • The Vagus nerve is one exception that provides innervation to structures in the head and neck region as well as in the abdomen and chest cavity. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Since the sense of hearing is conducted through one of the cranial nerves (the short nerves that lead directly from the brain to the face, head and neck), a careful neurologic exam also may be performed. (medicationjunction.com)
  • Three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that has high sensitivity in evaluation of the cranial nerves. (springeropen.com)
  • It relates to lower limbs arterial disease, carotid vessel and cerebral vessel disease, mesenteric ischaemia and renal artery disease. (aviation.govt.nz)
  • Potential risk factors include cardiovascular disease and autoimmune conditions. (logicalimages.com)
  • Benign tumors can occur in nerves, muscle and bone. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Peripheral nerve tumors are growths that form in or near nerves. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Peripheral nerve tumors can occur anywhere in the body. (mayoclinic.org)
  • There are several types of peripheral nerve tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Intraneural tumors grow within nerves. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Extraneural tumors press against nerves. (mayoclinic.org)
  • It's not clear why most peripheral nerve tumors develop. (mayoclinic.org)
  • A person who was exposed to radiation is at higher risk of developing peripheral nerve tumors years later. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Peripheral nerve tumors can press against nerves. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Peripheral nerve tumors of the extremities. (mayoclinic.org)
  • the authors suggested classifying the disease course into suspected, incomplete, and complete Susac syndrome to facilitate early diagnosis. (medlink.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease is defined as a progressive illness of the central nervous system, especially the brain, which gradually affects an individual's ability to remember and impairs their physical activity, and performance (Idland, 2020). (edumedlab.com)
  • Even though the disease majorly affects older people from the ages of sixty years and beyond, the disease is also common among younger people, with current statistics indicating that Alzheimer's affects over five million people in the United States alone (Dumurgier & Tzourio, 2020). (edumedlab.com)
  • Therefore, delirium is mainly an acute state of instability that affects an individual's attention rather rapidly than normal resulting from acute diseases or an overdose of drugs. (edumedlab.com)
  • There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves Overview of the Cranial Nerves Twelve pairs of nervesthe cranial nerveslead directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk. (spagades.com)
  • Cortical thrombophlebitis occurs primarily in children suffering from malnutrition and dehydration, but it also may result from some blood diseases and may occur in pregnancy. (symptoma.com)
  • Complications are more likely to occur in patients over the age of 50, as well as those who have coronary artery disease, diabetes, or other immune system problems. (intrepid21.com)
  • B) Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image shows enhancement within the cisternal segment of both the vestibulocochlear nerve complex and the facial nerve. (cdc.gov)