Vicia faba
Vicia
Plants, Medicinal
Fabaceae
Plant Lectins
Plant Epidermis
Plant Leaves
Plant Stomata
Leghemoglobin
Plants
Vegetable Proteins
Protoplasts
Plant Proteins
Phloem
DEAE-Cellulose
Globulins
Lectins
Plant Roots
Peas
Abscisic Acid
Seeds
Plant Physiological Phenomena
Plant Transpiration
Does ascorbate in the mesophyll cell walls form the first line of defence against ozone? Testing the concept using broad bean (Vicia faba L.). (1/142)
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plants were exposed, in duplicate controlled environment chambers, to charcoal/Purafil-filtered air (CFA-grown plants) or to 75 nmol mol(-1) ozone (O(3)) for 7 h d(-1) (O(3)-grown plants) for 28 d, and then exposed to 150 nmol mol(-1) O(3 )for 8 h. The concentration of ascorbate (ASC) was determined in leaf extracellular washing fluid (apoplast) and in the residual leaf tissue (symplast) after 0, 4 and 8 h acute fumigation, and after a 16 h "recovery" period in CFA. Changes in stomatal conductance were measured in vivo in order to model pollutant uptake, while the light-saturated rate of CO(2) assimilation (A:(sat)) was recorded as an indicator of O(3)-induced intracellular damage. Measurements of A:(sat) revealed enhanced tolerance to 150 nmol mol(-1) O(3) in plants pre-exposed to the pollutant compared with equivalent plants grown in CFA, consistent with the observed reduction in pollutant uptake due to lower stomatal conductance. The concentration of ASC in the leaf apoplast (ASC(apo)) declined upon O(3)-treatment in both CFA- and O(3)-grown plants, consistent with the oxidation of ASC(apo) under O(3)-stress. Furthermore, the decline in ASC(apo) was reversible in O(3)-grown plants after a 16 h "recovery" period, but not in plants grown in CFA. No significant change in the level and/or redox state of ASC in the symplast (ASC(symp)) was observed in plants exposed to 150 nmol mol(-1) O(3), and there was no difference in the constitutive level of ASC(symp) between CFA- and O(3)-grown plants. Model calculations indicated that the reaction of O(3) with ASC(apo) in the leaves of Vicia faba is potentially sufficient to intercept a substantial proportion (30-40%) of the O(3)entering the plant under environmentally-relevant conditions. The potential role of apoplastic ASC in mediating the tolerance of leaves to O(3) is discussed. (+info)Apparent absence of a redox requirement for blue light activation of pump current in broad bean guard cells. (2/142)
In guard cells, membrane hyperpolarization in response to a blue light (BL) stimulus is achieved by the activation of a plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. Using the patch clamp technique on broad bean (Vicia faba) guard cells we demonstrate that both steady-state- and BL-induced pump currents require ATP and are blocked by vanadate perfused into the guard cell during patch clamp recording. Background-pump current and BL-activated currents are voltage independent over a wide range of membrane potentials. During BL-activated responses significant hyperpolarization is achieved that is sufficient to promote K(+) uptake. BL activation of pump current becomes desensitized by three or four pulses of 30 s x 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1) BL. This desensitization is not a result of pump inhibition as maximal responses to fusicoccin are observed after full BL desensitization. BL treatments prior to whole cell recording show that BL desensitization is not due to washout of a secondary messenger by whole cell perfusion, but appears to be an important feature of the BL-stimulated pump response. We found no evidence for an electrogenic BL-stimulated redox chain in the plasma membrane of guard cells as no steady-state- or BL-activated currents are detected with NADH or NADPH added to the cytosol in the absence of ATP. Steady-state- nor BL-activated currents are affected by the inclusion along with ATP of 1 mM NADH in the pipette under saturating red light or by including NADPH in the pipette under darkness or saturating red light. These data suggest that reduced products of photosynthesis do not significantly modulate plasma membrane pump currents and are unlikely to be critical regulators in BL-stimulation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in guard cells. (+info)The role of microtubules in guard cell function. (3/142)
Guard cells are able to sense a multitude of environmental signals and appropriately adjust the stomatal pore to regulate gas exchange in and out of the leaf. The role of the microtubule cytoskeleton during these stomatal movements has been debated. To help resolve this debate, in vivo stomatal aperture assays with different microtubule inhibitors were performed. We observed that guard cells expressing the microtubule-binding green fluorescent fusion protein (green fluorescent protein::microtubule binding domain) fail to open for all major environmental triggers of stomatal opening. Furthermore, guard cells treated with the anti-microtubule drugs, propyzamide, oryzalin, and trifluralin also failed to open under the same environmental conditions. The inhibitory conditions caused by green fluorescent protein::microtubule binding domain and these anti-microtubule drugs could be reversed using the proton pump activator, fusicoccin. Therefore, we conclude that microtubules are involved in an upstream event prior to the ionic fluxes leading to stomatal opening. In a mechanistic manner, evidence is presented to implicate a microtubule-associated protein in this putative microtubule-based signal transduction event. (+info)Specific binding of vf14-3-3a isoform to the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in response to blue light and fusicoccin in guard cells of broad bean. (4/142)
The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is activated by blue light with concomitant binding of the 14-3-3 protein to the C terminus in guard cells. Because several isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein are expressed in plants, we determined which isoform(s) bound to the H(+)-ATPase in vivo. Four cDNA clones (vf14-3-3a, vf14-3-3b, vf14-3-3c, and vf14-3-3d) encoding 14-3-3 proteins were isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba) guard cells. Northern analysis revealed that mRNAs encoding vf14-3-3a and vf14-3-3b proteins were expressed predominantly in guard cells. The 14-3-3 protein that bound to the H(+)-ATPase in guard cells had the same molecular mass as the recombinant vf14-3-3a protein. The H(+)-ATPase immunoprecipitated from mesophyll cell protoplasts, which had been stimulated by fusicoccin, coprecipitated with the 32.5-kD 14-3-3 protein, although three 14-3-3 isoproteins were found in mesophyll cell protoplasts. Digestions of the bound 14-3-3 protein and recombinant vf14-3-3a with cyanogen bromide gave the identical migration profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but that of vf14-3-3b gave a different profile. Mass profiling of trypsin-digested 14-3-3 protein bound to the H(+)-ATPase gave the predicted peptide masses of vf14-3-3a. Far western analysis revealed that the H(+)-ATPase had a higher affinity for vf14-3-3a than for vf14-3-3b. These results suggest that the 14-3-3 protein that bound to the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase in vivo is vf14-3-3a and that it may play a key role in the activation of H(+)-ATPase in guard cells. (+info)CO(2)-triggered chloride release from guard cells in intact fava bean leaves. Kinetics of the onset of stomatal closure. (5/142)
The influence of CO(2) on Cl(-) release from guard cells was investigated within the intact leaf by monitoring the Cl(-) activity in the apoplastic fluid of guard cells with a Cl(-)-sensitive microelectrode. In illuminated leaves adapted to a CO(2) concentration within the cuvette of 350 microL L(-1), an increase of 250 microL L(-1) CO(2) triggered a transient rise in the apoplastic Cl(-) activity from 3 to 14 mM within 10 min. This Cl(-) response was similar to the Cl(-) efflux evoked by turning off the light, when the substomatal CO(2) was kept constant (CO(2) clamp). Without CO(2) clamp, substomatal CO(2) increased by 120 microL L(-1) upon "light off." The response to an increase in CO(2) within the cuvette from 250 to 500 microL L(-1) in dark-adapted leaves was equivalent to the response to an increase from 350 to 600 microL L(-1) in the light. No Cl(-) efflux was triggered by 2-min CO(2) pulses (150-800 microL L(-1)). After a switch from 350 microL L(-1) to CO(2)-free cuvette air, the guard cells were less sensitive to a rise in CO(2) and to light off, but the sensitivity to both stimuli partially recovered. Changes in CO(2) also caused changes of the guard cell apoplastic voltage, which were generally faster than the observed Cl(-) responses, and which also promptly occurred when CO(2) did not initiate Cl(-) efflux. The comparatively slow activation of Cl(-) efflux by CO(2) indicates that an intermediate effector derived from CO(2) has to accumulate to fully activate plasma membrane anion channels of guard cells. (+info)Plant gamma-tubulin interacts with alphabeta-tubulin dimers and forms membrane-associated complexes. (6/142)
gamma-Tubulin is assumed to participate in microtubule nucleation in acentrosomal plant cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we show that gamma-tubulin is present in protein complexes of various sizes and different subcellular locations in Arabidopsis and fava bean. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an association of gamma-tubulin with alphabeta-tubulin dimers. gamma-Tubulin cosedimented with microtubules polymerized in vitro and localized along their whole length. Large gamma-tubulin complexes resistant to salt treatment were found to be associated with a high-speed microsomal fraction. Blue native electrophoresis of detergent-solubilized microsomes showed that the molecular mass of the complexes was >1 MD. Large gamma-tubulin complexes were active in microtubule nucleation, but nucleation activity was not observed for the smaller complexes. Punctate gamma-tubulin staining was associated with microtubule arrays, accumulated with short kinetochore microtubules interacting in polar regions with membranes, and localized in the vicinity of nuclei and in the area of cell plate formation. Our results indicate that the association of gamma-tubulin complexes with dynamic membranes might ensure the flexibility of noncentrosomal microtubule nucleation. Moreover, the presence of other molecular forms of gamma-tubulin suggests additional roles for this protein species in microtubule organization. (+info)Compatibility of rhizobial genotypes within natural populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae for nodulation of host legumes. (7/142)
Populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae were sampled from two bulk soils, rhizosphere, and nodules of host legumes, fava bean (Vicia faba) and pea (Pisum sativum) grown in the same soils. Additional populations nodulating peas, fava beans, and vetches (Vicia sativa) grown in other soils and fava bean-nodulating strains from various geographic sites were also analyzed. The rhizobia were characterized by repetitive extragenomic palindromic-PCR fingerprinting and/or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers as markers of the genomic background and PCR-RFLP of a nodulation gene region, nodD, as a marker of the symbiotic component of the genome. Pairwise comparisons showed differences among the genetic structures of the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and nodule populations and in the degree of host specificity within the Vicieae cross-inoculation group. With fava bean, the symbiotic genotype appeared to be the preponderant determinant of the success in nodule occupancy of rhizobial genotypes independently of the associated genomic background, the plant genotype, and the soil sampled. The interaction between one particular rhizobial symbiotic genotype and fava bean seems to be highly specific for nodulation and linked to the efficiency of nitrogen fixation. By contrast with bulk soil and fava bean-nodulating populations, the analysis of pea-nodulating populations showed preferential associations between genomic backgrounds and symbiotic genotypes. Both components of the rhizobial genome may influence competitiveness for nodulation of pea, and rhizosphere colonization may be a decisive step in competition for nodule occupancy. (+info)Sugar uptake and proton release by protoplasts from the infected zone of Vicia faba L. nodules: evidence against apoplastic sugar supply of infected cells. (8/142)
Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation of legume nodules is fuelled by phloem-imported carbohydrates. These have to pass several cell layers to reach cells infected with Rhizobium bacteroids. It is unclear whether apoplastic steps are involved in carbohyd-rate translocation within the nodule. Protoplasts were isolated from the infected and uninfected cells of the central tissue of Vicia faba nodules using a recently developed protocol. These protoplasts were used to elucidate pathways for sugar transport in this tissue. Both types of protoplasts released protons into the medium. Acidification was inhibited by vanadate and erythrosin B. However, it was stimulated by fusicoccin only in uninfected cells. A symport of sugars with protons can therefore be energized in both cell types. Uptake of 14C-labelled sugars was determined using a phthalate centrifugation technique. Uninfected protoplasts accumulated glucose through high-affinity H+/glucose-symport that was not competitively inhibited by fructose or sucrose. Uninfected protoplasts also absorbed sucrose with biphasic kinetics. At 0.1, 1, and 10 mM sucrose, uptake was inhibited by CCCP. Fusicoccin did not stimulate the linear phase of sucrose uptake. Glucose inhibited sucrose uptake nearly completely. This was not related to sucrose cleavage in the medium because sucrose was absorbed at a much higher rate than glucose, and glucose concentration did not increase in sucrose-containing protoplast suspensions. By contrast with uninfected protoplasts, infected cells did not show transporter-mediated glucose or sucrose uptake. The findings underline a role of uninfected cells in sugar translocation. Infected cells are not apoplastically supplied with sugars and possibly depend on uninfected cells for carbon supply. (+info)'Vicia faba' is the scientific name for the fava bean plant, which belongs to the legume family (Fabaceae). It is also known as broad bean or horse bean. The plant is widely cultivated as a vegetable crop, and its seeds, pods, and young leaves are all edible. Fava beans are rich in proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them an essential component of many diets around the world. However, some people may have an adverse reaction to fava beans due to a genetic disorder called favism, which can cause hemolytic anemia.
"Vicia" is a genus of plants, commonly known as vetch or faba beans. It's not a medical term, but rather a term used in botany to describe a group of leguminous plants that are part of the Fabaceae family. Some species of Vicia have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating skin conditions and respiratory issues. However, I am an assistant and do not have real-time access to databases or medical resources, so please consult a reliable medical source for more detailed and accurate information.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Fabaceae is the scientific name for a family of flowering plants commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family. This family includes a wide variety of plants that are important economically, agriculturally, and ecologically. Many members of Fabaceae have compound leaves and produce fruits that are legumes, which are long, thin pods that contain seeds. Some well-known examples of plants in this family include beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, clover, and alfalfa.
In addition to their importance as food crops, many Fabaceae species have the ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that live in nodules on their roots. This makes them valuable for improving soil fertility and is one reason why they are often used in crop rotation and as cover crops.
It's worth noting that Fabaceae is sometimes still referred to by its older scientific name, Leguminosae.
A plant cell is defined as a type of eukaryotic cell that makes up the structural basis of plants and other forms of multicellular plant-like organisms, such as algae and mosses. These cells are typically characterized by their rigid cell walls, which provide support and protection, and their large vacuoles, which store nutrients and help maintain turgor pressure within the cell.
Plant cells also contain chloroplasts, organelles that carry out photosynthesis and give plants their green color. Other distinctive features of plant cells include a large central vacuole, a complex system of membranes called the endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous mitochondria, which provide energy to the cell through cellular respiration.
Plant cells are genetically distinct from animal cells, and they have unique structures and functions that allow them to carry out photosynthesis, grow and divide, and respond to their environment. Understanding the structure and function of plant cells is essential for understanding how plants grow, develop, and interact with their surroundings.
Trifluralin is a selective, pre-emergence herbicide that is primarily used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in various crops such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. It works by inhibiting the germination of weed seeds and preventing their growth by disrupting the cell division process. Trifluralin is a dinitroaniline compound and its chemical formula is C12H16F3N3O4.
In a medical context, trifluralin may be relevant in cases of accidental or intentional ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, which can result in toxicity or other adverse health effects. Symptoms of trifluralin exposure may include irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, tremors, and seizures. Chronic exposure to trifluralin has been linked to reproductive and developmental toxicity in animals, but its effects on human health are not well-studied.
It is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the potential health hazards associated with trifluralin exposure and to take appropriate measures to protect themselves and their patients. This may include using personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling trifluralin, providing proper ventilation in areas where it is used or stored, and seeking medical attention promptly in cases of suspected exposure.
Plant lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that are abundantly found in various plant parts such as seeds, leaves, stems, and roots. They have the ability to bind specifically to carbohydrate structures present on cell membranes, known as glycoconjugates. This binding property of lectins is reversible and non-catalytic, meaning it does not involve any enzymatic activity.
Lectins play several roles in plants, including defense against predators, pathogens, and herbivores. They can agglutinate red blood cells, stimulate the immune system, and have been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Some lectins also exhibit mitogenic activity, which means they can stimulate the proliferation of certain types of cells.
In the medical field, plant lectins have gained attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. For instance, some lectins have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties and are being investigated as potential cancer treatments. However, it is important to note that some lectins can be toxic or allergenic to humans and animals, so they must be used with caution.
I apologize for the confusion, but "Plant Epidermis" is not a medical term. Instead, it is a term used in botany to describe the outermost layer of cells in plant tissues. The epidermis serves as a protective barrier for the plant, regulating gas exchange and water loss through stomata, and producing cutin, a waxy substance that helps prevent water loss.
In summary, "Plant Epidermis" is a term related to plant biology and not medicine.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
Stomata are microscopic pores found in the epidermis of plant leaves, stems, and other organs. They are essential for gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere, allowing the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the release of oxygen. Plant stomata consist of two guard cells that surround and regulate the size of the pore. The opening and closing of the stomatal pore are influenced by environmental factors such as light, humidity, and temperature, as well as internal signals within the plant.
Leghemoglobin is a type of protein known as a hemeprotein, found in the root nodules of leguminous plants (plants belonging to the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae). These root nodules are formed through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Rhizobia.
The primary function of leghemoglobin is to facilitate the process of nitrogen fixation by maintaining an optimal oxygen concentration within the root nodule cells, where the Rhizobia reside. By binding and releasing oxygen reversibly, leghemoglobin protects the nitrogen-fixing enzyme, nitrogenase, from being inactivated by excess oxygen. This ensures that the Rhizobia can effectively convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3), which is then utilized by the plant for its growth and development.
In summary, leghemoglobin is a crucial protein in the process of biological nitrogen fixation, allowing leguminous plants to grow without the need for added nitrogen fertilizers.
I apologize for any confusion, but "plants" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "plants" refers to a large and diverse group of organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, which is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy. Plants are typically characterized by having cells with cell walls containing cellulose, chloroplasts containing the pigment chlorophyll, and the ability to synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.
In a medical or biological context, you might be thinking of "plant-based" or "phytomedicine," which refer to the use of plants or plant extracts as a form of medicine or treatment. Phytomedicines have been used for thousands of years in many traditional systems of medicine, and some plant-derived compounds have been found to have therapeutic benefits in modern medicine as well. However, "plants" itself does not have a medical definition.
Vegetable proteins, also known as plant-based proteins, are nitrogenous organic compounds derived from plants. These proteins are composed of amino acid chains that are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. Vegetable proteins can be found in a wide variety of plant sources such as legumes (e.g., beans, lentils, peas), grains (e.g., rice, wheat, corn), nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
It is important to note that while vegetable proteins are often considered "incomplete" because they may lack one or more of the essential amino acids found in animal-based proteins, consuming a variety of plant-based protein sources throughout the day can provide all the necessary amino acids for a healthy diet. Vegetarian and vegan diets that are well-planned can meet protein needs without the use of animal products.
A protoplast is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions, but rather it is a term commonly used in cell biology and botany. A protoplast refers to a plant or bacterial cell that has had its cell wall removed, leaving only the plasma membrane and the cytoplasmic contents, including organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, and other cellular structures.
Protoplasts can be created through enzymatic or mechanical means to isolate the intracellular components for various research purposes, such as studying membrane transport, gene transfer, or cell fusion. In some cases, protoplasts may be used in medical research, particularly in areas related to plant pathology and genetic engineering of plants for medical applications.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
Phloem is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports organic nutrients, particularly sucrose, a sugar, from leaves, where they are produced in photosynthesis, to other parts of the plant such as roots and stems. It also transports amino acids and other substances. Phloem is one of the two types of vascular tissue, the other being xylem; both are found in the vascular bundles of stems and roots. The term "phloem" comes from the Greek word for bark, as it often lies beneath the bark in trees and shrubs.
DEAE-cellulose is a type of ion exchange chromatography material that is commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology research. DEAE stands for diethylaminoethyl, which is a positively charged functional group that is covalently attached to cellulose, a negatively charged polysaccharide.
The positive charges on the DEAE-cellulose bind to negatively charged molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, allowing for their separation and purification based on differences in charge and binding affinity. The bound molecules can then be eluted or washed off the column using a buffer with increasing ionic strength or changing pH, which weakens the interaction between the DEAE-cellulose and the target molecule.
DEAE-cellulose is a versatile and widely used chromatography material that has been instrumental in many scientific discoveries and advances in molecular biology.
Globulins are a type of protein found in blood plasma, which is the clear, yellowish fluid that circulates throughout the body inside blood vessels. They are one of the three main types of proteins in blood plasma, along with albumin and fibrinogen. Globulins play important roles in the immune system, helping to defend the body against infection and disease.
Globulins can be further divided into several subcategories based on their size, electrical charge, and other properties. Some of the major types of globulins include:
* Alpha-1 globulins
* Alpha-2 globulins
* Beta globulins
* Gamma globulins
Gamma globulins are also known as immunoglobulins or antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections and diseases. There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class of immunoglobulin has a different function in the body's defense mechanisms.
Abnormal levels of globulins can be indicative of various medical conditions, such as liver disease, kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders. Therefore, measuring the levels of different types of globulins in the blood is often used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and monitor these conditions.
Lectins are a type of proteins that bind specifically to carbohydrates and have been found in various plant and animal sources. They play important roles in biological recognition events, such as cell-cell adhesion, and can also be involved in the immune response. Some lectins can agglutinate certain types of cells or precipitate glycoproteins, while others may have a more direct effect on cellular processes. In some cases, lectins from plants can cause adverse effects in humans if ingested, such as digestive discomfort or allergic reactions.
A plant root is not a medical term per se, but it is a term from botany, which is the study of plants. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you.
Plant roots are the underground organs of a plant that typically grow downward into the soil. They serve several important functions, including:
1. Anchorage: Roots help to stabilize the plant and keep it upright in the ground.
2. Absorption: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.
3. Conduction: Roots conduct water and nutrients up to the above-ground parts of the plant, such as the stem and leaves.
4. Vegetative reproduction: Some plants can reproduce vegetatively through their roots, producing new plants from root fragments or specialized structures called rhizomes or tubers.
Roots are composed of several different tissues, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the root, which secretes a waxy substance called suberin that helps to prevent water loss. The cortex is the middle layer of the root, which contains cells that store carbohydrates and other nutrients. The endodermis is a thin layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue and regulates the movement of water and solutes into and out of the root. The vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "peas" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Peas are a type of legume that is commonly consumed as a vegetable. They are rich in nutrients such as protein, fiber, vitamin C, and vitamin K. If you have any questions about the health benefits or potential risks of consuming peas, I would be happy to try to help with that.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including seed dormancy, bud dormancy, leaf senescence, and response to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold temperatures. It is a sesquiterpene compound that is synthesized in plants primarily in response to environmental stimuli that trigger the onset of stress responses.
ABA functions by regulating gene expression, cell growth and development, and stomatal closure, which helps prevent water loss from plants under drought conditions. It also plays a role in the regulation of plant metabolism and the activation of defense mechanisms against pathogens and other environmental stressors. Overall, abscisic acid is an essential hormone that enables plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions and optimize their growth and development.
In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.
It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard medical term. It falls more within the domain of botany, which is a branch of biology focused on the study of plants.
However, I can provide a general explanation: Plant physiological phenomena refer to the functional processes and activities that occur within plants. This includes various aspects such as photosynthesis (the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth), respiration, plant nutrition (the uptake and assimilation of nutrients from the soil), water relations (how plants absorb, transport, and use water), plant hormone functions, and many other processes.
If you have a term that is used in a medical context which you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with that!
Plant transpiration is the process by which water vapor escapes from leaves and other aerial parts of plants to the atmosphere. It is a type of evapotranspiration, which refers to both evaporation from land surfaces and transpiration from plants. Water molecules are absorbed by plant roots from the soil, move up through the xylem tissue to the leaves, and then evaporate from the leaf surface through stomatal pores. This process helps in the transportation of nutrients from the soil to various parts of the plant, regulates the temperature of the plant, and maintains the turgor pressure within the cells. Plant transpiration is influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lens Plant" is not a term commonly used in medicine. It seems that you might be referring to a type of plant that is known by that name in some contexts. The Len's Plant, also known as *Lenophyllum consanguineum*, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae, which is native to Texas and Mexico. It is a small, low-growing succulent with fleshy leaves that forms mats or cushions.
If you were asking about a medical condition related to the eye's lens, there are various conditions that can affect the lens of the eye, such as cataracts (clouding of the lens), presbyopia (age-related loss of near vision due to hardening of the lens), or astigmatism (irregular curvature of the lens). If you have any concerns about your eyes or vision, I would recommend consulting with an eye care professional.
Vicia faba - Wikipedia
Vicia faba - Wikipedia
Vicia faba - Wikispecies
Vicia faba 'Express' | BBC Gardeners World Magazine
Vicia faba; Fava Bean
Vicia faba ( Loreta Fava Bean ) - Backyard Gardener
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Broad Bean Duet - Vicia faba
New Sources of Resistance in Vicia faba to Chocolate Spot Caused by Botrytis fabae
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Version 10.38 20 July 2010 - Scientific Names: Vicia faba L..
Epidemiology and control of chocolate spot (<em>Botrytis fabae</em>) on winter field beans (<em...
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Mechanism of multiple lysine methylation by the SET domain enzyme Rubisco LSMT | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
Equina6
- Faba equina Medik. (wikimedia.org)
- Vicia equina (Medik. (wikimedia.org)
- equina and vicia faba var. (worldbank.org)
- equina (horse bean), and V. faba ssp. (echocommunity.org)
- major (broad bean), V. faba subsp.equina (horse bean), and V. faba subsp. (echocommunity.org)
- Vicia equina Steud. (legumes-online.net)
Inoculating faba bean1
- 2002). In this scenario, inoculating faba bean with effective and appropriate rhizobial strain is crucial to improve symbiotic nitrogen fixation and to boost its productivity (McKenzi et al. (ujecology.com)
Fabae4
- Botrytis fabae is one of the worst diseases in V. faba. (wikipedia.org)
- In the first cycle in 1985, faba bean accessions were exposed to a mixture of 20 isolates of Botrytis fabae collected from a wide range of naturally infected leaves of local susceptible cultivars grown in major faba bean production regions in Syria. (cgiar.org)
- Creighton, NF, Bainbridge, A & Fitt, BDL 1985, ' Epidemiology and control of chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae ) on winter field beans ( Vicia faba ) ', Crop Protection , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 235-243. (herts.ac.uk)
- Improvement of Faba bean (Vicia fabae L. var. (jnsciences.org)
Legume4
- Faba bean is one of the most globally important legume crops. (myseeds.co)
- Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a grain legume crop grown worldwide for food and feed which is partially dependent on insects for pollination. (slu.se)
- Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is a major grain belonging to the legume family and widely cultivated in many countries for source of dietary and feed purposes (Sillero, J.C, 2010). (ujecology.com)
- Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in legume- Rhizobium is well known eco-friendly practice used for the improvement of N fixation resulted in increased shoot growth, number of pods, and grain yield of faba bean (Siczek and Lipiec, 2016). (ujecology.com)
Beans9
- Broad beans, Vicia faba , are easy to grow, bearing an early crop of delicious, tender beans suitable for using in the first of the summer salads. (gardenersworld.com)
- Vicia faba 'Express' is one of the fastest maturing broad beans. (gardenersworld.com)
- broad beans (vicia faba var. (worldbank.org)
- major) and horse beans (vicia faba var. (worldbank.org)
- Abstract, Journal of Food, 2013 Effects of several physical treatments (soaking, dehulling, ordinary cooking, microwave cooking, and autoclaving) on the level of antinutrtional factors and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of green and white faba beans were investigated. (echocommunity.org)
- Gerzabek, M.H. / Ion uptake, osmoregulation and plant-water relations in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) under salt stress . (ait.ac.at)
- Ullah, SM , Soja, G & Gerzabek, MH 1993, ' Ion uptake, osmoregulation and plant-water relations in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) under salt stress ', Bodenkultur . (ait.ac.at)
- Evaluation of three chemical hybridising agents on two varieties of broad beans (Vicia faba L. (isgpb.org)
- CHAs namely, benzotriazole, ethrel and surf excel (synthetic detergent) of different concentrations at three stages of development were tested on two genotypes of broad beans (Vicia taba L.) ILB 1817 and ILB 4189. (isgpb.org)
Micronucleus test1
- Therefore plants ( Allium cepa for chromosomal aberration test and Vicia faba for micronucleus test) were exposed to the same disinfected lake-water samples at different temperatures (10℃, 20℃ and 30℃), according the ones registered during the in situ experiment. (scirp.org)
Sativa1
- Faba sativa Bernh. (wikimedia.org)
Insect pollination3
- By combining informa-tion on visitation rates, foraging behaviours and gains in bean mass from single visits to flowers, I estimate that 47% of insect pollination services to faba bean is delivered by honeybees, 40% by short-tongued bumblebees, 6% by long-tongued bumble-bees and 8% by solitary bees. (slu.se)
- The dataset contains various measurements taken from experimental faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants over three years of experiments conducted at the University of Reading Plant Environment Laboratory (latitude 51 27' N, longitude 00 56' W) in controlled environment chambers and insect pollination cages. (reading.ac.uk)
- Insect pollination reduces yield loss following heat stress in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Agric. (reading.ac.uk)
Seeds2
- Cytogenetic disturbances in germinating seeds of broad bean (Vicia faba L. var. (edu.pl)
- Nor did Markus Guggenheim, a Swiss biochemist, who isolated levodopa in 1913 from the seeds of a broad bean, Vicia faba . (medscape.com)
Fava3
- Vicia faba, commonly known as the broad bean, fava bean, or faba bean, is a species of vetch, a flowering plant in the pea and bean family Fabaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- Fava" and "Faba" redirect here. (wikipedia.org)
- The famous Roman family of Fabius derived their name from faba which is Latin for fava. (ecrater.com)
Legumes2
- Containing approximately 26% protein, 2% fat, and 50% carbohydrate, faba bean is considered in some regions to be superior to field peas or other legumes as a human. (echocommunity.org)
- 2000). Among grain legumes, faba bean ( Vicia faba ) is the fourth most important pulse crop in the world. (jnsciences.org)
Brot1
- Orobus faba (L.) Brot. (wikimedia.org)
Esculenta1
- Vicia esculenta Salisb. (wikimedia.org)
Plants4
- 2020. Vicia faba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
- Inoculation of faba bean revealed a highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on all parameters compared to the un-inoculated plants. (ujecology.com)
- In addition, the soil reaction affects the survival and persistence of rhizobia and their nodulation on roots, and therefore also the ability of faba bean plants to fix aerial nitrogen. (jnsciences.org)
- We exposed potted faba bean plants to heat stress for 5 days during floral development and anthesis. (reading.ac.uk)
Yield1
- Improvement of seed yield in vicia faba by using experimental mutagenesis ii. (eurekamag.com)
20221
- 2022). Bonneville: Vicia faba (Winter bean) . (aber.ac.uk)
Bona2
- Faba bona subsp. (wikimedia.org)
- Faba bona Medik. (legumes-online.net)
Bean production2
- 2010). China has been the main leading country of faba bean production, followed by Ethiopia, Egypt, Italy, and Morocco. (ujecology.com)
- According to CSA (2018), faba bean production in Ethiopia accounts for over 3.45% of cultivated land with average national productivity of 2.1 tons ha -1 . (ujecology.com)
Vulgaris1
- Faba vulgaris subsp. (wikimedia.org)
Ascochyta2
- Sub-sets of 336 EST-derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 768 SNPs were further used for high-density genetic mapping of a biparental faba bean mapping population (Icarus × Ascot) that segregates for resistance to ascochyta blight. (pulsedb.org)
- Markers in close linkage to ascochyta blight resistance genes identified in this study can be further validated and effectively implemented in faba bean breeding programs. (pulsedb.org)
Cracca1
- Vicia cracca is a PERENNIAL CLIMBER growing to 1.8 m (6ft). (pfaf.org)
Species2
- 1991). Chemotaxonomic relationship among species of Vicia section Faba. (wikimedia.org)
- 20/10/2008 Faba bean is one of the oldest dual-use food and fodder species. (echocommunity.org)
Desf1
- Faba major Desf. (wikimedia.org)
Roxb1
- Faba minor Roxb. (wikimedia.org)
Inoculation1
- It is concluded that faba bean inoculation with Mat11 improve significantly nodulation and plant growth. (jnsciences.org)
Abstract1
- Abstract - The commercial cultivar Bachar of faba bean ( Vicia faba L. var. (jnsciences.org)
Genetic2
- 2010). Diversity maintenance and use of Vicia faba L. genetic resources. (wikimedia.org)
- Genetic variation among faba bean genotypes is imperative for their efficient utilization in plant breeding programs and effective conservation. (ppjonline.org)
Genotypes5
- Evaluation of 16 faba bean genotypes for the resistance to Fusarium wilt was carried out under greenhouse conditions. (ppjonline.org)
- The results showed that certain genotypes of faba bean were resistant to Fusarium wilt, while most of the genotypes were highly susceptible. (ppjonline.org)
- The dendrogram based on combined data of molecular and biochemical markers grouped the 16 faba bean genotypes into three clusters. (ppjonline.org)
- Cultivation of the resistant genotypes is the most effective method for integrated management of the disease and remarkable reduced the incidence of the wilt disease on faba bean. (ppjonline.org)
- In this investigation, we aimed to detect some biochemical and/or molecular markers related to resistant genes for FW disease in some genotypes of faba bean. (ppjonline.org)
20201
- Thus, the field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three Rhizobium inoculants of faba bean (FB 1018, FB 1035, and FB 04) laid in randomized complete block design with three replications from June 2019 to December 2020. (ujecology.com)
Moist1
- Grow Vicia faba 'Express' in moist but well-drained soil in full sun. (gardenersworld.com)
Pollinators1
- Visitation rates and foraging behaviours of pollinators were measured in a total of 20 faba bean fields over two years (10 fields per year) in Sweden, and the bean mass per flower visit for different pollinator taxa was quantified in a field experiment which was repeated over two years in a single site. (slu.se)
Major2
- major (broad bean), V. faba ssp. (echocommunity.org)
- Faba bean plays a major role by fixing atmospheric nitrogen to plant-available form (Siczek and Lipiec, 2016). (ujecology.com)
Diseases1
- However, production of faba bean is affected by several diseases including fungal diseases. (ppjonline.org)
Taxa1
- I conclude that both managed honeybees and wild bees, especially short-tongued bumblebees, contribute substantially to faba bean pollination in Sweden, and I recommend faba bean farmers to manage for both these polli-nator taxa. (slu.se)
Commonly1
- Faba bean is commonly grown in northern Tunisia and covers a surface area of about 56,600 ha (Ministry of agriculture 2011). (jnsciences.org)
Grown1
- Faba bean is subjected to attack by numerous pathogenic fungi wherever the crop is grown. (ppjonline.org)
Leaves1
- Leaves of V. faba are alternate and pinnately compound, with 2-6 leaflets per leaf. (echocommunity.org)
Resistance1
- A two-cycle screening technique was used to evaluate 253 faba bean germ plasm accessions for resistance to chocolate spot. (cgiar.org)
Database1
- A total of 14,552 base variants were identified from a faba bean expressed sequence tag (EST) database, and were further quality assessed to obtain a set of 822 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (pulsedb.org)
Horse1
- Horse bean, Vicia faba var. (wikipedia.org)
Disease3
- Disease tolerance is an important part of breeding V. faba. (wikipedia.org)
- is a common and destructive disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on a global basis. (pulsedb.org)
- was shown to be the most common wilt disease of faba bean in Assiut Governorate. (ppjonline.org)