Viola
In vitro Plasmodium falciparum drug sensitivity assay: inhibition of parasite growth by incorporation of stomatocytogenic amphiphiles into the erythrocyte membrane. (1/7)
Lupeol, which shows in vitro inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 27.7 +/- 0.5 microM, was shown to cause a transformation of the human erythrocyte shape toward that of stomatocytes. Good correlation between the IC50 value and the membrane curvature changes caused by lupeol was observed. Preincubation of erythrocytes with lupeol, followed by extensive washing, made the cells unsuitable for parasite growth, suggesting that the compound incorporates into erythrocyte membrane irreversibly. On the other hand, lupeol-treated parasite culture continued to grow well in untreated erythrocytes. Thus, the antiplasmodial activity of lupeol appears to be indirect, being due to stomatocytic transformation of the host cell membrane and not to toxic effects via action on a drug target within the parasite. A number of amphiphiles that cause stomatocyte formation, but not those causing echinocyte formation, were shown to inhibit growth of the parasites, apparently via a mechanism similar to that of lupeol. Since antiplasmodial agents that inhibit parasite growth through erythrocyte membrane modifications must be regarded as unsuitable as leads for development of new antimalarial drugs, care must be exercised in the interpretation of results of screening of plant extracts and natural product libraries by an in vitro Plasmodium toxicity assay. (+info)Tissue-specific expression of head-to-tail cyclized miniproteins in Violaceae and structure determination of the root cyclotide Viola hederacea root cyclotide1. (2/7)
The plant cyclotides are a family of 28 to 37 amino acid miniproteins characterized by their head-to-tail cyclized peptide backbone and six absolutely conserved Cys residues arranged in a cystine knot motif: two disulfide bonds and the connecting backbone segments form a loop that is penetrated by the third disulfide bond. This knotted disulfide arrangement, together with the cyclic peptide backbone, renders the cyclotides extremely stable against enzymatic digest as well as thermal degradation, making them interesting targets for both pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. We have examined the expression patterns of these fascinating peptides in various Viola species (Violaceae). All tissue types examined contained complex mixtures of cyclotides, with individual profiles differing significantly. We provide evidence for at least 57 novel cyclotides present in a single Viola species (Viola hederacea). Furthermore, we have isolated one cyclotide expressed only in underground parts of V. hederacea and characterized its primary and three-dimensional structure. We propose that cyclotides constitute a new family of plant defense peptides, which might constitute an even larger and, in their biological function, more diverse family than the well-known plant defensins. (+info)A continent of plant defense peptide diversity: cyclotides in Australian Hybanthus (Violaceae). (3/7)
Cyclotides are plant-derived miniproteins that have the unusual features of a head-to-tail cyclized peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds. It had been postulated that they might be an especially large family of host defense agents, but this had not yet been tested by field data on cyclotide variation in wild plant populations. In this study, we sampled Australian Hybanthus (Violaceae) to gain an insight into the level of variation within populations, within species, and between species. A wealth of cyclotide diversity was discovered: at least 246 new cyclotides are present in the 11 species sampled, and 26 novel sequences were characterized. A new approach to the discovery of cyclotide sequences was developed based on the identification of a conserved sequence within a signal sequence in cyclotide precursors. The number of cyclotides in the Violaceae is now estimated to be >9000. Cyclotide physicochemical profiles were shown to be a useful taxonomic feature that reflected species and their morphological relationships. The novel sequences provided substantial insight into the tolerance of the cystine knot framework in cyclotides to amino acid substitutions and will facilitate protein engineering applications of this framework. (+info)Evolution of plant RNA polymerase IV/V genes: evidence of subneofunctionalization of duplicated NRPD2/NRPE2-like paralogs in Viola (Violaceae). (4/7)
(+info)Marcescent corollas as functional structures: effects on the fecundity of two insect-pollinated plants. (5/7)
(+info)Comparative evaluation of flavone from Mucuna pruriens and coumarin from Ionidium suffruticosum for hypolipidemic activity in rats fed with high fat diet. (6/7)
(+info)Experimental evaluation of the impact of maternal consumption of aqueous leaf extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus on pregnancy in Sprague Dawley rats. (7/7)
The impact of aqueous leaf extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus (HEaq) on pregnancy factors and litter survival was investigated in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. Control group received distilled water while the test group received 2g/kg body weight of HEaq orally. Blood samples were collected on days one and twenty of pregnancy for total blood count, serum thyroid hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) assay. Half the number of rats in each group was sacrificed on day nineteen of pregnancy and the placenta and foetus were removed and weighed. The second half carried their pregnancy to term. Number and weights of litter were recorded at birth and the litter were also subjected to righting reflex test. Post-natal survival rate was determined for each group while effect of HEaq was also examined in-vivo on the activities of pregnant myometrial muscle. HEaq significantly decreased (p<0.05) foetal weight, placenta weight, foetal growth and survival, number and weights of litter at birth, maternal serum triiodotyroxine T3 and TSH level. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count and lipid profile were significantly increased (P<0.05). HEaq increased the frequency and percentage contraction of gravid myometrial muscle in a dose dependent manner. Maternal consumption of aqueous leaf extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus adversely affected pregnancy and development of the foetus, as it precipitated resorption of developing foetus and reduced size and weight of litter at term. (+info)I apologize for any confusion, but "Violaceae" is not a medical term. It is the biological name of a family of flowering plants, also known as the violet family. This family includes various plants that may have medicinal uses, such as violets and pansies, but "Violaceae" itself does not have a specific medical definition.
"Viola" is a term that has different meanings in various scientific and medical contexts. Here are some possible definitions related to medicine and biology:
1. Viola tricolor L. (Heartsease or Johnny-jump-up) - A species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae, which is used in herbal medicine for treating skin conditions, coughs, and respiratory issues.
2. Viola odorata L. (Sweet violet) - Another species of flowering plant in the family Violaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used to make teas, syrups, and other medicinal preparations for treating various ailments such as coughs, colds, and skin conditions.
3. In anatomy, "viola" is an archaic term that refers to the human uvula or the conical piece of soft tissue hanging down at the back of the throat.
4. Viola (musical instrument) - While not directly related to medicine, it's worth noting that "viola" is also a stringed musical instrument similar to a violin but slightly larger and with a deeper sound. In some contexts, such as music therapy, musical instruments can have therapeutic applications in healthcare settings.
It's essential to clarify the specific meaning of "Viola" in the given medical or scientific context since it can refer to different things depending on the field.
Cyclotides are a group of naturally occurring cyclic peptides that contain a head-to-tail cyclized structure and a conserved cystine knot motif. They are produced by plants, particularly those in the Rubiaceae family, as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens.
Cyclotides have unique structural features, including a circular arrangement of amino acids and a knotted pattern of disulfide bonds, which contribute to their stability and resistance to degradation. These properties make them attractive candidates for drug development and therapeutic applications.
In addition to their potential use as drugs, cyclotides have also been studied for their potential as insecticides, antimicrobial agents, and anti-cancer therapies. They have been shown to have potent activity against a variety of targets, including cancer cells, bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Overall, the unique structural and functional properties of cyclotides make them an exciting area of research in the fields of medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and drug discovery.
Violaceae
Oliva violacea
Tricholosporum violaceum
Thrypticus violaceus
Compsocerus violaceus
Melica violacea
Afrasura violacea
Briareum violaceum
Chrysomyza violacea
Vulsirea violacea
Roystonea violacea
Notonomus violaceus
Coleophora violacea
Nymphaea violacea
Orychophragmus violaceus
Chionodes violacea
Peristernia violacea
Tortyra violacea
Hypselodoris violacea
Quesnelia violacea
Bulbophyllum violaceum
Microbotryum violaceum
Plesiocystiscus violaceus
Botrylloides violaceus
Streptomyces violaceus
Lonchocarpus violaceus
Neripteron violaceum
Hardenbergia violacea
Tectonatica violacea
Necrobia violacea
Violaceae - Wikipedia
Viola (Violaceae) - Wikimedia Commons
Pteroplatytrygon violacea Bonaparte 1832 - Encyclopedia of Life
Trichophyton violaceum Sabouraud - MYA-839 | ATCC
'Purpureo-Violaceo Magna'...
Yellow-crowned Night Heron - Nyctanassa violacea - NatureWorks
White-centered flower - pictures of Viola Nephrophylla, Violaceae - wildflowers of West USA
Andre Leu's N. violacea
XC23095 Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctanassa violacea)
Oxalis violacea ( Sorrel ) - Backyard Gardener
Orthosiphon violaceus Briq. - The Plant List
Orychophragmus violaceus in Flora of North America @ efloras.org
Chain A, CV-IIL LECTIN (Chromobacterium violaceum) | Protein Target - PubChem
Tulbaghia violacea | The Palm Centre
CalPhotos: Hardenbergia violacea; Happy Wanderer
Wisteria floribunda ('Black Dragon') 'VIOLACEA PLENA' - Havlis.cz
Clematis 'Venosa Violacea' (Vt) Archives - Hardy Plant Society
Chromobacterium violaceum in Siblings, Brazil - Volume 11, Number 9-September 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Photos - images of family Violaceae (Violaceae)
hardenbergia violacea flowering time
Tulbaghia violacea - Plant Finder
Phalaenopsis violacea var Mentawai
Xylocopa violacea print - the Otherist
Hardenbergia violacea rosea - Vines & Climbers, H
African Register of Marine Species (AfReMaS) - Cypraea chinensis var. violacea Rous, 1905
Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Pomaria burchellii subsp. rubro-violacea
Nymphaea violacea - Australian Native Plants Society (Australia)
Tulbaghia4
- Tulbaghia violacea , commonly called society garlic, is a tender perennial that is native to grassland areas in southern Africa. (missouribotanicalgarden.org)
- The hardy and easy-to-grow Tulbaghia Violacea has always been a very popular indigenous perennial, grown for its bountiful mauve flower clusters on tall stems above clumps of grey-green, strap-like leaves with a garlicky odour. (thegardener.co.za)
- Tulbaghia violacea is a very water-wise plant to include in a herb garden or to be used en masse as a border plant. (thegardener.co.za)
- Tulbaghia violacea seeds, content: Approx. (magicgardenseeds.com)
Species4
- Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. (wikipedia.org)
- The Violaceae are a medium sized family with about 22-28 genera, and about 1,000-1,100 species. (wikipedia.org)
- Hardenbergia violacea is a species of flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae, native to Australia from Queensland to Tasmania. (myguitarsolo.com)
- other Trichophyton species (eg, T. schoenleinii , T. violaceum ) are common elsewhere. (msdmanuals.com)
Hardenbergia10
- Hardenbergia violacea or the Sarsaparilla Vine is a vigorous climber or trailing plant that will provide dense â ¦ I live in the Mitcham Hills in Adelaide, with a neutral clay/loam, and a rainfall of about 600mm. (myguitarsolo.com)
- Hardenbergia violacea 'HB1' Meema is a shrubby ground cover that gets up to 2m spread. (myguitarsolo.com)
- The flowers are pea-shaped, up to one centimetre across, purple, and violet and rarely pink or â ¦ The Hardenbergia violacea is native to the regions from Queensland to Tasmania in Australia. (myguitarsolo.com)
- A new and distinct cultivar of Hardenbergia violacea plant named â Rambosprayâ , characterized by its purple-colored flowers, upright and compact plant growth habit, freely branching, dense growth, lightly twining stem, early flowering season, erect inflorescence attitude, and a high level of flower production. (myguitarsolo.com)
- Hardenbergia violacea - Native or False Sarsaparilla. (myguitarsolo.com)
- Hardenbergia violacea AGM â ¦ But keep it well watered for the first month or so. (myguitarsolo.com)
- There is Hardenbergia violacea â ¦ PROTECT. (myguitarsolo.com)
- Elsewhere it is also called vine lilac or lilac vine Family: Fabaceae Scientific Name: Hardenbergia violacea â ¦ Tidier foliage, longer lived and longer lasting flowers. (myguitarsolo.com)
- Hardenbergia violacea â ¦ 78:70 (1940). (myguitarsolo.com)
- For more information, please visit the webpage of Hardenbergia violacea rosea . (sunshine-seeds.de)
Chromobacterium4
- Chromobacterium violaceum , a saprophyte bacterium found commonly in soil and water in tropical and subtropical climates, is a rare cause of severe, often fatal, human disease. (cdc.gov)
- Chromobacterium violaceum is an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus usually found as a saprophyte in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Colonies of Chromobacterium violaceum on a chocolate agar plate. (cdc.gov)
- specifically B. cepacia and B. thailandensis ), Chromobacterium violaceum , Ochrobactrum anthropi , and often Pseudomonas spp. (cdc.gov)
Trichophyton3
- To download a certificate of analysis for Trichophyton violaceum Sabouraud ( MYA-839 ), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. (atcc.org)
- The certificate of analysis for that lot of Trichophyton violaceum Sabouraud ( MYA-839 ) is not currently available online. (atcc.org)
- Rarely, T violaceum , Trichophyton verrucosum , Microsporum audouinii , Microsporum gallinae , M gypseum , and Microsporum canis have been linked with favus. (medscape.com)
Herbaceous1
- Purple morning glory or Ipomoea violacea is an annual herbaceous vine of the convolvulaceae family. (ethnoplants.com)
Nymphaea1
- Nymphaea violacea is a floating perennial herb growing from a rhizome in the mud of the pond base. (anpsa.org.au)
Lindley1
- With the establishment of higher suprafamiliar orders, which he called "Alliances", Lindley (1853) placed his Violaceae within the Violales. (wikipedia.org)
North America1
- This is the first report of Orychophragmus violaceus as naturalized in North America, though I have seen the plant cultivated as an ornamental in multiple places. (efloras.org)
LECTIN2
- Purification and characterization of an asialofetuin specific lectin from the rhizome of Xanthosoma violaceum Schott. (bvsalud.org)
- A new lectin is purified from the rhizome of Xanthosoma violaceum Schott. (bvsalud.org)
Lamarck1
- Although Violariae continued to be used by some authors, such as Don (1831) and Bentham and Hooker (1862) (as Violarieae), most authors, such as Engler (1895), adopted the alternative name Violaceae, proposed by de Lamarck and de Candolle in 1805, and later by Gingins (1823) and Saint-Hilaire (1824). (wikipedia.org)
Seeds1
- The germination of Ipomoea violacea seeds will generally start after 2 to 5 weeks. (ethnoplants.com)
Characteristic1
- Tracheal aspirate culture yielded smooth purple colonies on chocolate agar ( Figure 1 ), identified as C. violaceum by the characteristic dark purple pigment and biochemical profile. (cdc.gov)
Flowers1
- O. violacea has brown scaly bulb and palmate leaves and flowers of rosy purple in umbels of 3 to 10 on a 6 inch stem. (backyardgardener.com)
Order2
- Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. (wikipedia.org)
- Violaceae, as one of 42 families, is placed in a clade of 10 families within the order. (wikipedia.org)
Brazil1
- We report 1 confirmed and 2 suspected cases of C. violaceum septicemia, with 2 fatalities, in siblings after recreational exposure in northeastern Brazil. (cdc.gov)
Stock1
- Une rupture médicamenteuse a été notée dans 33,6% des cas et concernait notamment l'hydroxychloroquine (40,9%) ou le méthotrexate (47,7%) avec comme raison principale les ruptures de stock en pharmacie et les difficultés économiques. (bvsalud.org)
Cattleya4
- Cattleya violacea grows along rivers in the hot steamy jungles of the north and west ends of the Amazon basin from 200 to 700 meters in elevation. (wikidot.com)
- The flowers of Cattleya violacea are a bright-rose or purple and sometimes have a little bit of white at the tips. (wikidot.com)
- Place Cattleya violacea in a warm spot in the greenhouse. (wikidot.com)
- Cattleya violacea is a lesser-known species worthy of a place in your collection. (wikidot.com)
Tricolor3
- The first report of the use of the seeds of lpomoea violacea L. by MacDougall refers to it as lpomoea tricolor Cav. (erowid.org)
- However, Wasson later stated that the plant was identified at the National Herbarium in Washington as lpomoea violacea L. Although the binomial lpomoea tricolor Cav. (erowid.org)
- The name Ipomoea violacea has frequently been misapplied to the species I. tricolor. (usf.edu)
Ipomoea3
- Nomenclatural History of the Morning Glory, Ipomoea violacea (L. (erowid.org)
- Ipomoea violacea L. (usf.edu)
- BASIONYM: Ipomoea violacea Linnaeus 1753. (usf.edu)
Pharbitis1
- 1834. Pharbitis violacea Bojer, Hort. (erowid.org)
Syst1
- Convolvulus violaceus (Linnaeus) Sprengel, Syst. (usf.edu)
17941
- 1794. Convolvulus violaceus Spreng. (erowid.org)
Exposure to stagnant2
Phalaenopsis1
- Varietate parfumata Phalaenopsis Violacea Este o varietate 4N - cu numar dublu de cromozomi ceea ce determina plante mai mari, cu flori mai mari si culori mai bine conturate si eventual (nu se. (orchidsmania.com)
Infection3
- C. violaceum infection may begin with cellulitis and skin abscesses ( 10 , 11 ), with rapid progression to sepsis and multiple organ abscesses, predominantly in lungs, liver, and spleen ( 3 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- A fatal case of pulmonary chromobacterium violaceum infection in an adult. (nih.gov)
- Chromobacterium violaceum Periareolar Infection, First Non-Lethal Case in Colombia: Case Report and Literature Review. (nih.gov)
Infections1
- Nonfatal and fatal infections caused by Chromobacterium violaceum. (nih.gov)
Family2
- Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. (wikipedia.org)
- The Violaceae are a medium sized family with about 22-28 genera, and about 1,000-1,100 species. (wikipedia.org)
Hallier2
- Historically, Violaceae has been placed within a number of orders since Lindley's treatment, principally Violales (Hutchinson, Takhtajan, Cronquist, Thorne) and the equivalent Parietales (Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl, Melchior), although such placement was considered unsatisfactory, but also Polygalinae (Hallier) and Guttiferales (Bessey). (wikipedia.org)
- Publication of the use of lpomoea violacea L. and Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hallier ii. (erowid.org)
Data1
- Whole genome sequence data of Chromobacterium violaceum WCH4, a human pathogenic strain from Sabah, Malaysia. (nih.gov)
Open1
- The full-length cDNA of O. violaceus gene (OvPIP) was 1314 bp and contained 1188 open reading frame encoding a protein of 395 amino acids. (ajol.info)
Author1
- According to some authors, Cortinarius violaceus should be divided into two varieties (or subspecies, or species, depending on the author): var. (mushroomexpert.com)
Present1
- Southern blot analysis indicated that OvPIP gene was present in O. violaceus genome, and quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis revealed that OvPIP transcript level was most abundant after 12 h treatment with 200 mM sodium chloride. (ajol.info)
Features1
- Cortinarius violaceus features a dry, scaly cap and a dry, finely hairy stem, both of which-along with the young gills-are deep purple when fresh (ahem). (mushroomexpert.com)
Older1
- Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed the Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales or the Parietales. (wikipedia.org)
Figure1
- Tracheal aspirate culture yielded smooth purple colonies on chocolate agar ( Figure 1 ), identified as C. violaceum by the characteristic dark purple pigment and biochemical profile. (cdc.gov)