Vitex
Mastodynia
Premenstrual Syndrome
Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study. (1/30)
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of agnus castus fruit (Vitex agnus castus L extract Ze 440) with placebo for women with the premenstrual syndrome. DESIGN: Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group comparison over three menstrual cycles. SETTING: General medicine community clinics. PARTICIPANTS: 178 women were screened and 170 were evaluated (active 86; placebo 84). Mean age was 36 years, mean cycle length was 28 days, mean duration of menses was 4.5 days. INTERVENTIONS: Agnus castus (dry extract tablets) one tablet daily or matching placebo, given for three consecutive cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main efficacy variable: change from baseline to end point (end of third cycle) in women's self assessment of irritability, mood alteration, anger, headache, breast fullness, and other menstrual symptoms including bloating. Secondary efficacy variables: changes in clinical global impression (severity of condition, global improvement, and risk or benefit) and responder rate (50% reduction in symptoms). RESULTS: Improvement in the main variable was greater in the active group compared with placebo group (P<0.001). Analysis of the secondary variables showed significant (P<0.001) superiority of active treatment in each of the three global impression items. Responder rates were 52% and 24% for active and placebo, respectively. Seven women reported mild adverse events (four active; three placebo), none of which caused discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Dry extract of agnus castus fruit is an effective and well tolerated treatment for the relief of symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome. (+info)Ten new labdane-type diterpenes from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia. (2/30)
Ten new labdane-type diterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Vitex rotundifolia L. (Verbenaceae), along with a known diterpene, vitexilactone. Their chemical structures were determined on the bases of spectroscopic data. (+info)Cytotoxicity and apoptotic inducibility of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract in cultured human normal and cancer cells and effect on growth. (3/30)
A crude extract was prepared with ethanol from dried ripened Vitex agnus-castus fruits growing in Israel (Vitex extract). Cytotoxicity of the extract against human uterine cervical canal fibroblast (HCF), human embryo fibroblast (HE-21), ovarian cancer (MCF-7), cervical carcinoma (SKG-3a), breast carcinoma (SKOV-3), gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III), colon carcinoma (COLO 201), and small cell lung carcinoma (Lu-134-A-H) cells was examined. After culture for 24 h (logarithmic growth phase) or 72 h (stationary growth phase), the cells were treated with various concentrations of Vitex extract. In both growth phases, higher growth activity of cells and more cytotoxic activity of Vitex extract were seen. The cytotoxic activity against stationary growth-phase cells was less than that against logarithmic growth-phase cells. DNA fragmentation of Vitex extract-treated cells was seen in SKOV-3, KATO-III, COLO 201, and Lu-134-A-H cells. The DNA fragmentation in Vitex extract-treated KATO-III cells was inhibited by the presence of the antioxidative reagent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Western blotting analysis showed that in Vitex extract-treated KATO-III cells, the presence of NAC also inhibited the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and the active forms of caspases-3, -8 and -9. It is concluded that the cytotoxic activity of Vitex extract may be attributed to the effect on cell growth, that cell death occurs through apoptosis, and that this apoptotic cell death may be attributed to increased intracellular oxidation by Vitex extract treatment. (+info)Island biology and ecosystem functioning in epiphytic soil communities. (4/30)
Although island attributes such as size and accessibility to colonizing organisms can influence community structure, the consequences of these for ecosystem functioning are little understood. A study of the suspended soils of spatially discrete epiphytes or treetop "islands" in the canopies of New Zealand rainforest trees revealed that different components of the decomposer community responded either positively or negatively to island size, as well as to the tree species that the islands occurred in. This in turn led to important differences between islands in the rates of ecosystem processes driven by the decomposer biota. This system serves as a model for better understanding how attributes of both real and habitat islands may affect key ecosystem functions through determining the community structure of organisms that drive these functions. (+info)Enzyme inhibiting lignans from Vitex negundo. (5/30)
Two new lignans trivially named negundins A (1) and B (2), were isolated along with (+)-diasyringaresinol (3), (+)-lyoniresinol (4), vitrofolal E (5) and vitrofolal F (6), reported for the first time from this species. The structures of the new compounds were established through spectral studies. Compound 2 showed potent inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase enzyme, while 5 showed moderate activity against butyryl-cholinesterase. (+info)New norditerpenoids with trypanocidal activity from Vitex trifolia. (6/30)
Trypanocidal constituents of the fruits of Vitex trifolia were investigated. Activity-guided isolation of the acetone extract resulted in the isolation of two new norditerpene aldehydes, 1 and 2, together with five known diterpenes: vitexifolin E (3), vitexifolin F (4), vitexilactone (5), 6-acetoxy-9-hydroxy-13(14)-labden-16,15-olide (6), and previtexilactone (7). In vitro minimum lethal concentrations of the isolated compounds against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were 11 microM (1), 36 microM (2), 34 microM (3), 34 microM (4), 66 microM (5), 66 microM (6), and >265 microM (7). (+info)Chasteberry. (7/30)
For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak. Its traditional use as a galactagogue (i.e., a substance that enhances breast milk production) is not well supported in the literature and should be discouraged. There are no clinical data to support the use of chasteberry for reducing sexual desire, which has been a traditional application. Chasteberry is well tolerated; reported adverse effects are minor and may include gastrointestinal complaints, dizziness, and dry mouth. No herb-drug interactions have been reported, but caution is advised for its concomitant use with dopamine agonists or antagonists. Optimal standardization and dosing recommendations await clarification in clinical studies. (+info)Premenstrual disorders in adolescent females-- integrative management. (8/30)
Premenstrual symptoms affect many adolescent females with studies suggesting an incidence range of 31-61% in this age group. The presentation of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can be varied and can include psychological and/or somatic symptoms. (+info)Vitex, also known as chasteberry or Vitex agnus-castus, is not a medical term but a common herbal supplement. It is derived from the fruit of the Vitex agnus-castus tree, which is native to the Mediterranean region and parts of Asia.
The medical community has studied Vitex for its potential effects on various conditions, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menopausal symptoms, and irregular menstrual cycles. However, it's essential to note that the evidence supporting its use is mixed, and more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.
Vitex is thought to have dopamine-like effects on the hypothalamus, which may help regulate hormonal imbalances in some women. However, it can interact with other medications and has potential side effects, so it's crucial to consult a healthcare provider before taking Vitex or any herbal supplement.
Mastodynia is a medical term that refers to breast pain or discomfort. This condition is often described as a dull, heavy, or burning sensation in the breast tissue. It can affect women of any age but is more common in those who are premenopausal, perimenopausal, or postmenopausal.
Mastodynia can be cyclical, meaning that it occurs at regular intervals and is often related to the menstrual cycle. Hormonal fluctuations during the cycle can cause breast tissue to become swollen and tender. Non-cyclical mastodynia, on the other hand, is not related to the menstrual cycle and may be caused by a variety of factors, such as breast cysts, trauma, or certain medications.
While mastodynia can be uncomfortable, it is usually not a sign of a serious medical condition. However, if you experience persistent or severe breast pain, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider to rule out any underlying causes and determine an appropriate course of treatment.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a complex of symptoms that occur in the latter part of the luteal phase (the second half) of the menstrual cycle, typically starting 5-11 days before the onset of menses, and remitting shortly after the onset of menstruation. The symptoms can be physical, psychological, or behavioral and vary from mild to severe. They include but are not limited to: bloating, breast tenderness, cramps, headaches, mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, fatigue, changes in appetite, and difficulty concentrating.
The exact cause of PMS is not known, but it appears to be related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, particularly fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels. Some women may be more susceptible to these hormonal shifts due to genetic factors, neurotransmitter imbalances, or other health conditions.
Treatment for PMS often involves a combination of lifestyle changes (such as regular exercise, stress management, and dietary modifications), over-the-counter pain relievers, and, in some cases, hormonal medications or antidepressants. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.