Wrist Joint
Carpal Bones
Lunate Bone
Hand
Tenosynovitis
Median Nerve
Carpal Joints
Splints
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Movement
Radius Fractures
Radius
Range of Motion, Articular
Arthrodesis
Electromyography
Ligaments, Articular
Ulnar Nerve
Triangular Fibrocartilage
Cumulative Trauma Disorders
Finger Joint
Tendons
Biomechanical Phenomena
Supination
Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes
Radial Nerve
Synovial Cyst
Synovitis
De Quervain Disease
Torque
Casts, Surgical
Metacarpal Bones
Upper Extremity
Capitate Bone
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Skating
Muscle, Skeletal
Pisiform Bone
Median Neuropathy
Vibration
Hand Bones
Shoulder
Colles' Fracture
Hand Deformities, Acquired
Golf
Electrodiagnosis
Joints
Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans. (1/534)
1. The reaction time to a visual stimulus shortens significantly when an unexpected acoustic startle is delivered together with the 'go' signal in healthy human subjects. In this paper we have investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying this effect. If the commands for the startle and the voluntary reaction were superimposed at some level in the CNS, then we would expect to see alterations in the configuration of the voluntary response. Conversely, if the circuit activated by the startling stimulus is somehow involved in the execution of voluntary movements, then reaction time would be sped up but the configuration of the motor programme would be preserved. 2. Fourteen healthy male and female volunteers were instructed to react as fast as possible to a visual 'go' signal by flexing or extending their wrist, or rising onto tiptoe from a standing position. These movements generated consistent and characteristic patterns of EMG activation. In random trials, the 'go' signal was accompanied by a very loud acoustic stimulus. This stimulus was sufficient to produce a startle reflex when given unexpectedly on its own. 3. The startling stimulus almost halved the latency of the voluntary response but did not change the configuration of the EMG pattern in either the arm or the leg. In some subjects the reaction times were shorter than the calculated minimum time for processing of sensory information at the cerebral cortex. Most subjects reported that the very rapid responses were produced by something other than their own will. 4. We conclude that the very short reaction times were not produced by an early startle reflex adding on to a later voluntary response. This would have changed the form of the EMG pattern associated with the voluntary response. Instead, we suggest that such rapid reactions were triggered entirely by activity at subcortical levels, probably involving the startle circuit. 5. The implication is that instructions for voluntary movement can in some circumstances be stored and released from subcortical structures. (+info)Contact-evoked changes in EMG activity during human grasp. (2/534)
Contact-evoked changes in EMG activity during human grasp. 2215 Cutaneous receptors in the digits discharge bursts of activity on contact with an object during human grasp. In this study, we investigated the contribution of this sensory activity to the responses of muscles involved in the task. Twelve subjects performed a standardized precision grasp task without the aid of vision. Electromyographic (EMG) responses in trials when the object was present were compared with those in which the object, and hence the associated afferent responses, were unexpectedly absent. Significant differences in EMG amplitude occurred in the interval 50-100 ms after contact in all subjects and in 33/46 of the muscles sampled. The differences emerged as early as 34 ms after contact and comprised as much as a fourfold change in EMG from 50 to 100 ms after contact with the object. Typically, EMG responses were larger when the object was present (OP), though there were cases, particularly in the thenar muscles, in which the responses increased when the object was absent (OA). Local anesthesia of the thumb and index finger attenuated contact-evoked EMG activity in at least one muscle in all four subjects tested. In one subject, contact-evoked responses were abolished completely during the anesthesia in all four muscles sampled. The results indicate that the sensory activity signaling contact plays a key role in regulating EMG activity during human grasp. Much of this feedback action is attributable to cutaneous receptors in the digits and probably involves both spinal and supraspinal pathways. (+info)Conduction block in carpal tunnel syndrome. (3/534)
Wrist extension was performed in six healthy subjects to establish, first, whether it would be sufficient to produce conduction block and, secondly, whether the excitability changes associated with this manoeuvre are similar to those produced by focal nerve compression. During maintained wrist extension to 90 degrees, all subjects developed conduction block in cutaneous afferents distal to the wrist, with a marked reduction in amplitude of the maximal potential by >50%. This was associated with changes in axonal excitability at the wrist: a prolongation in latency, a decrease in supernormality and an increase in refractoriness. These changes indicate axonal depolarization. Similar studies were then performed in seven patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The patients developed conduction block, again with evidence of axonal depolarization prior to block. Mild paraesthesiae were reported by all subjects (normals and patients) during wrist extension, and more intense paraesthesiae were reported following the release of wrist extension. In separate experiments, conduction block was produced by ischaemic compression, but its development could not be altered by hyperpolarizing currents. It is concluded that wrist extension produces a 'depolarization' block in both normal subjects and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, much as occurs with ischaemic compression, but that this block cannot be altered merely by compensating for the axonal depolarization. It is argued that conduction slowing need not always be attributed to disturbed myelination, and that ischaemic compression may be sufficient to explain some of the intermittent symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly when it is of mild or moderate severity. (+info)Sonographic features of fetal trisomy 18 at 13 and 14 weeks: four case reports. (4/534)
Fetal trisomy 18 is the second most common multiple malformation syndrome. We present four cases of trisomy 18 with multiple sonographic abnormalities at 13 and 14 weeks of gestation. These cases demonstrated that fetal hand deformities can be a tell-tale sign of trisomy 18 with or without increased nuchal translucency at this gestation. (+info)A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of fexofenadine, loratadine and promethazine on cognitive and psychomotor function. (5/534)
AIMS: To assess whether fexofenadine in a range of doses from 80 to 180 mg has any disruptive effects on aspects of psychomotor and cognitive function in comparison with placebo, loratadine and promethazine, an antihistamine known to produce psychomotor and cognitive impairment. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers received fexofenadine 80 mg, 120 mg and 180 mg, loratadine 10 mg, promethazine 30 mg (as a positive internal control) and placebo in a six-way crossover, double-blind study. Following each dose, subjects were required to perform a series of tests of cognitive function and psychomotor performance at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h post dose. The test battery included critical flicker fusion (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT) and assessment of subjective sedation (LARS). Overall levels of activity were monitored by means of wrist mounted actigraphs throughout each of the 24 h experimental periods. RESULTS: Fexofenadine at all doses tested was not statistically different from placebo in any of the tests used and loratadine did not cause any significant impairment of cognitive function. Significant impairments were found following promethazine. Promethazine caused a significant reduction in CFF threshold and this effect was evident up to 12 h post dose (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in recognition reaction time at 3 and 6 h post promethazine administration, and the drug caused a significant (P<0. 002) increase in the percentage of 'sleep-like' activity from actigraph records during the daytime. CONCLUSIONS: Fexofenadine at doses up to 180 mg appears free from disruptive effects on aspects of psychomotor and cognitive function in a study where the psychometric assessments have been shown to be sensitive to impairment, as evidenced by the effects of the verum control promethazine 30 mg. (+info)Dissociation of the pathways mediating ipsilateral and contralateral motor-evoked potentials in human hand and arm muscles. (6/534)
1. Growing evidence points toward involvement of the human motor cortex in the control of the ipsilateral hand. We used focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the pathways of these ipsilateral motor effects. 2. Ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were obtained in hand and arm muscles of all 10 healthy adult subjects tested. They occurred in the finger and wrist extensors and the biceps, but no response or inhibitory responses were observed in the opponens pollicis, finger and wrist flexors and the triceps. 3. The production of ipsilateral MEPs required contraction of the target muscle. The threshold TMS intensity for ipsilateral MEPs was on average 1.8 times higher, and the onset was 5.7 ms later (in the wrist extensor muscles) compared with size-matched contralateral MEPs. 4. The corticofugal pathways of ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs could be dissociated through differences in cortical map location and preferred stimulating current direction. 5. Both ipsi- and contralateral MEPs in the wrist extensors increased with lateral head rotation toward, and decreased with head rotation away from, the side of the TMS, suggesting a privileged input of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex to the pathway of the ipsilateral MEP. 6. Large ipsilateral MEPs were obtained in a patient with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. 7. The dissociation of the pathways for ipsilateral and contralateral MEPs indicates that corticofugal motor fibres other than the fast-conducting crossed corticomotoneuronal system can be activated by TMS. Our data suggest an ipsilateral oligosynaptic pathway, such as a corticoreticulospinal or a corticopropriospinal projection as the route for the ipsilateral MEP. Other pathways, such as branching of corticomotoneuronal axons, a transcallosal projection or a slow-conducting monosynaptic ipsilateral pathway are very unlikely or can be excluded. (+info)Estrogen supplementation for bone dematuration in young epileptic man treated with anticonvulsant therapy; a case report. (7/534)
We encountered a young man treated with anticonvulsant therapy who had greatly reduced bone mineral density. An 18-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for shoulder pain and further evaluation of decreased bone mineral density. He had been treated with anticonvulsants, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, valproic acid and zonisamide for seizures. Although testosterone was found within the normal range for adult men, the serum estrogen concentration was below the detection limit (< 10 pg/ml) and his wrist epiphyses were not yet closed. After 10 months of treatment with the conjugated estrogen, both his height and weight showed improvement, while his bone mineral density and bone age were increased. These findings suggested that estrogen therapy had a significant effect on his skeletal growth and bone maturation in man. This is the first report showing the beneficial effect of estrogen supplementation in an epileptic man receiving treatment with anticonvulsants. (+info)Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex. (8/534)
What aspects of movement are represented in the primary motor cortex (M1): relatively low-level parameters like muscle force, or more abstract parameters like handpath? To examine this issue, the activity of neurons in M1 was recorded in a monkey trained to perform a task that dissociates three major variables of wrist movement: muscle activity, direction of movement at the wrist joint, and direction of movement in space. A substantial group of neurons in M1 (28 out of 88) displayed changes in activity that were muscle-like. Unexpectedly, an even larger group of neurons in M1 (44 out of 88) displayed changes in activity that were related to the direction of wrist movement in space independent of the pattern of muscle activity that generated the movement. Thus, both "muscles" and "movements" appear to be strongly represented in M1. (+info)A medical definition of the wrist is the complex joint that connects the forearm to the hand, composed of eight carpal bones arranged in two rows. The wrist allows for movement and flexibility in the hand, enabling us to perform various activities such as grasping, writing, and typing. It also provides stability and support for the hand during these movements. Additionally, numerous ligaments, tendons, and nerves pass through or near the wrist, making it susceptible to injuries and conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome.
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.
Wrist injuries refer to damages or traumas affecting the structures of the wrist, including bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related impacts, or repetitive stress. Common types of wrist injuries include fractures (such as scaphoid fracture), sprains (like ligament tears), strains (involving muscles or tendons), dislocations, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, limited mobility, and in severe cases, deformity or numbness. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.
Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist joint in humans and other primates. These bones are arranged in two rows, with four bones in each row. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.
The carpal bones play an essential role in the function of the wrist joint by providing stability, support, and mobility. They allow for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and circumduction. The complex structure of the carpal bones also helps to absorb shock and distribute forces evenly across the wrist during activities such as gripping or lifting objects.
Injuries to the carpal bones, such as fractures or dislocations, can be painful and may require medical treatment to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications. Additionally, degenerative conditions such as arthritis can affect the carpal bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility in the wrist joint.
The lunate bone is a carpal bone located in the wrist, more specifically in the proximal row of carpals. It is shaped like a crescent moon, hence the name "lunate" which is derived from the Latin word "luna" meaning moon. The lunate bone articulates with the radius bone in the forearm and forms part of the wrist joint. It also articulates with the triquetral bone proximally, and the scaphoid and capitate bones distally. The blood supply to the lunate bone is mainly derived from the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery, making it susceptible to avascular necrosis (Kienböck's disease) in case of trauma or reduced blood flow.
The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It runs from the elbow to the wrist and is located on the medial side of the forearm, next to the bone called the humerus in the upper arm. The ulna plays a crucial role in the movement of the forearm and also serves as an attachment site for various muscles.
In medical terms, a hand is the part of the human body that is attached to the forearm and consists of the carpus (wrist), metacarpus, and phalanges. It is made up of 27 bones, along with muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other soft tissues. The hand is a highly specialized organ that is capable of performing a wide range of complex movements and functions, including grasping, holding, manipulating objects, and communicating through gestures. It is also richly innervated with sensory receptors that provide information about touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception (the sense of the position and movement of body parts).
Tenosynovitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lining (synovium) surrounding a tendon, which is a cord-like structure that attaches muscle to bone. This inflammation can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected joint. Tenosynovitis often affects the hands, wrists, feet, and ankles, and it can result from various causes, including infection, injury, overuse, or autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of tenosynovitis are essential to prevent complications such as tendon rupture or chronic pain.
The median nerve is one of the major nerves in the human body, providing sensation and motor function to parts of the arm and hand. It originates from the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that arise from the spinal cord in the neck. The median nerve travels down the arm, passing through the cubital tunnel at the elbow, and continues into the forearm and hand.
In the hand, the median nerve supplies sensation to the palm side of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also provides motor function to some of the muscles that control finger movements, allowing for flexion of the fingers and opposition of the thumb.
Damage to the median nerve can result in a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome, which is characterized by numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
The carpal joints are a group of articulations in the wrist region of the human body. They consist of eight bones, which are arranged in two rows. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.
The carpal joints can be further divided into several smaller joints, including:
1. The midcarpal joint: This joint is located between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones and allows for flexion, extension, and circumduction movements of the wrist.
2. The radiocarpal joint: This joint is located between the distal end of the radius bone and the scaphoid and lunate bones in the proximal row. It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the wrist.
3. The intercarpal joints: These are the joints located between the individual carpal bones within each row. They allow for small gliding movements between the bones.
The carpal joints are surrounded by a fibrous capsule, ligaments, and muscles that provide stability and support to the wrist. The smooth articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones allows for smooth movement and reduces friction during articulation.
A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral nerve disorder that affects the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand through a narrow tunnel-like structure in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. The condition is caused by compression or pinching of the median nerve as it passes through this tunnel, leading to various symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also controls some small muscles in the hand that allow for fine motor movements. When the median nerve is compressed or damaged due to CTS, it can result in a range of symptoms including:
1. Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the fingers (especially the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger)
2. Pain or discomfort in the hand, wrist, or forearm
3. Weakness in the hand, leading to difficulty gripping objects or making a fist
4. A sensation of swelling or inflammation in the fingers, even if there is no visible swelling present
5. Nighttime symptoms that may disrupt sleep patterns
The exact cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can vary from person to person, but some common risk factors include:
1. Repetitive hand and wrist motions (such as typing, writing, or using tools)
2. Prolonged exposure to vibrations (from machinery or power tools)
3. Wrist trauma or fractures
4. Pregnancy and hormonal changes
5. Certain medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders
6. Obesity
7. Smoking
Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and sometimes specialized tests like nerve conduction studies or electromyography to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition. Treatment options may include splinting, medication, corticosteroid injections, and in severe cases, surgery to relieve pressure on the median nerve.
In the context of medicine and healthcare, "movement" refers to the act or process of changing physical location or position. It involves the contraction and relaxation of muscles, which allows for the joints to move and the body to be in motion. Movement can also refer to the ability of a patient to move a specific body part or limb, which is assessed during physical examinations. Additionally, "movement" can describe the progression or spread of a disease within the body.
Hand injuries refer to any damage or harm caused to the structures of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, and skin. These injuries can result from various causes such as trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions. Examples of hand injuries include fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, cuts, burns, and insect bites. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury, but they often include pain, swelling, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or loss of function in the hand. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.
A radius fracture is a break in the bone that runs from the wrist to the elbow, located on the thumb side of the forearm. Radius fractures can occur as a result of a fall, direct blow to the forearm, or a high-energy collision such as a car accident. There are various types of radius fractures, including:
1. Distal radius fracture: A break at the end of the radius bone, near the wrist joint, which is the most common type of radius fracture.
2. Radial shaft fracture: A break in the middle portion of the radius bone.
3. Radial head and neck fractures: Breaks in the upper part of the radius bone, near the elbow joint.
4. Comminuted fracture: A complex radius fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
5. Open (compound) fracture: A radius fracture with a wound or laceration in the skin, allowing for communication between the outside environment and the fractured bone.
6. Intra-articular fracture: A radius fracture that extends into the wrist joint or elbow joint.
7. Torus (buckle) fracture: A stable fracture where one side of the bone is compressed, causing it to buckle or bend, but not break completely through.
Symptoms of a radius fracture may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the fracture but can range from casting to surgical intervention with implant fixation.
The radius is one of the two bones in the forearm in humans and other vertebrates. In humans, it runs from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. It is responsible for rotation of the forearm and articulates with the humerus at the elbow and the carpals at the wrist. Any medical condition or injury that affects the radius can impact the movement and function of the forearm and hand.
Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.
Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
Arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to fuse together the bones of a joint, in order to restrict its movement and provide stability. This procedure is typically performed when a joint has been severely damaged by injury, arthritis, or other conditions, and non-surgical treatments have failed to relieve symptoms such as pain and instability.
During the surgery, the cartilage that normally cushions the ends of the bones is removed, and the bones are realigned and held in place with hardware such as plates, screws, or rods. Over time, the bones grow together, forming a solid fusion that restricts joint motion.
Arthrodesis can be performed on various joints throughout the body, including the spine, wrist, ankle, and knee. While this procedure can provide significant pain relief and improve function, it does limit the range of motion in the fused joint, which may impact mobility and daily activities. Therefore, arthrodesis is typically considered a last resort when other treatments have failed.
The carpus is the region of the forelimb in animals that corresponds to the wrist in humans. It is located between the radius and ulna bones of the forearm and the metacarpal bones of the paw. The carpus is made up of several small bones called carpals, which provide flexibility and support for movement of the limb. The number and arrangement of these bones can vary among different animal species.
Electromyography (EMG) is a medical diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles during contraction and at rest. It involves inserting a thin needle electrode into the muscle to record the electrical signals generated by the muscle fibers. These signals are then displayed on an oscilloscope and may be heard through a speaker.
EMG can help diagnose various neuromuscular disorders, such as muscle weakness, numbness, or pain, and can distinguish between muscle and nerve disorders. It is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests, such as nerve conduction studies, to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the nervous system.
EMG is typically performed by a neurologist or a physiatrist, and the procedure may cause some discomfort or pain, although this is usually minimal. The results of an EMG can help guide treatment decisions and monitor the progression of neuromuscular conditions over time.
Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.
The Ulnar nerve is one of the major nerves in the forearm and hand, which provides motor function to the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (except for those innervated by the median nerve) and sensory innervation to the little finger and half of the ring finger. It originates from the brachial plexus, passes through the cubital tunnel at the elbow, and continues down the forearm, where it runs close to the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve then passes through the Guyon's canal in the wrist before branching out to innervate the hand muscles and provide sensation to the skin on the little finger and half of the ring finger.
The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure located in the wrist, more specifically at the junction between the ulna bone of the forearm and the wrist bones (carpals). It consists of several components including:
* The triangular fibrocartilage disc: A piece of cartilage that provides shock absorption and helps to distribute forces across the wrist.
* The meniscal homologue: A small structure similar to a meniscus found in some other joints, which also helps with force distribution.
* The ulnar collateral ligament: A ligament that supports the medial (ulnar) side of the wrist.
* The extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sheath and subsynovial connective tissue: These structures provide stability to the TFCC and allow for smooth movement of the tendons in this area.
The primary function of the TFCC is to maintain the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (the joint between the ulna bone and one of the wrist bones) and to distribute loads transmitted across the wrist, particularly during rotational movements of the forearm. Injuries or degeneration of the TFCC can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased grip strength in the affected wrist.
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) are a group of conditions that result from repeated exposure to biomechanical stressors, often related to work activities. These disorders can affect the muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, and reduced range of motion.
CTDs are also known as repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) or overuse injuries. They occur when there is a mismatch between the demands placed on the body and its ability to recover from those demands. Over time, this imbalance can lead to tissue damage and inflammation, resulting in chronic pain and functional limitations.
Examples of CTDs include carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, epicondylitis (tennis elbow), rotator cuff injuries, and trigger finger. Prevention strategies for CTDs include proper ergonomics, workstation design, body mechanics, taking regular breaks to stretch and rest, and performing exercises to strengthen and condition the affected muscles and joints.
Hand strength refers to the measure of force or power that an individual can generate using the muscles of the hand and forearm. It is often assessed through various tests, such as grip strength dynamometry, which measures the maximum force exerted by the hand when squeezing a device called a handgrip dynanometer. Hand strength is important for performing daily activities, maintaining independence, and can be indicative of overall health and well-being. Reduced hand strength may be associated with conditions such as neuromuscular disorders, arthritis, or injuries.
In medical terms, the arm refers to the upper limb of the human body, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. It is composed of three major bones: the humerus in the upper arm, and the radius and ulna in the lower arm. The arm contains several joints, including the shoulder joint, elbow joint, and wrist joint, which allow for a wide range of motion. The arm also contains muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and other soft tissues that are essential for normal function.
The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is the joint that connects the bones of the hand (metacarpals) to the bones of the fingers and thumb (phalanges). It's also commonly referred to as the "knuckle" joint. The MCP joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements of the fingers and thumb. It is a synovial joint, which means it contains a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid that helps reduce friction during movement.
A finger joint, also known as an articulation, is the point where two bones in a finger connect and allow for movement. The majority of finger joints are classified as hinge joints, permitting flexion and extension movements. These joints consist of several components:
1. Articular cartilage: Smooth tissue that covers the ends of the bones, enabling smooth movement and protecting the bones from friction.
2. Joint capsule: A fibrous sac enclosing the joint, providing stability and producing synovial fluid for lubrication.
3. Synovial membrane: Lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
4. Volar plate (palmar ligament): A strong band of tissue located on the palm side of the joint, preventing excessive extension and maintaining alignment.
5. Collateral ligaments: Two bands of tissue located on each side of the joint, providing lateral stability and limiting radial and ulnar deviation.
6. Flexor tendons: Tendons that attach to the bones on the palmar side of the finger joints, facilitating flexion movements.
7. Extensor tendons: Tendons that attach to the bones on the dorsal side of the finger joints, enabling extension movements.
Finger joints are essential for hand function and enable activities such as grasping, holding, writing, and manipulating objects.
A tendon is the strong, flexible band of tissue that connects muscle to bone. It helps transfer the force produced by the muscle to allow various movements of our body parts. Tendons are made up of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles and have a poor blood supply, making them prone to injuries and slow to heal. Examples include the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone, and the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone.
In medical terms, fingers are not specifically defined as they are common anatomical structures. However, I can provide you with a general anatomy definition:
Fingers are the terminal parts of the upper limb in primates, including humans, consisting of four digits (thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers) and one opposable thumb. They contain bones called phalanges, connected by joints that allow for movement and flexibility. Each finger has a nail, nerve endings for sensation, and blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen. Fingers are crucial for various activities such as grasping, manipulating objects, and tactile exploration of the environment.
Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.
Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:
1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.
Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.
Supination is a term used in the medical field, particularly in the study of anatomy and orthopedics. It refers to the external rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces forward or upward. This motion allows for the hand to be in a position to perform actions such as lifting, holding, or throwing objects. It's also used to describe the movement of the foot when it rolls outward, which is important for normal walking and running gait. Abnormal supination can lead to issues with mobility and pain in the affected limb.
Ulnar nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the entrapment or compression of the ulnar nerve, leading to various symptoms. The ulnar nerve provides motor function to the hand muscles and sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger.
There are several sites along the course of the ulnar nerve where it can become compressed, resulting in different types of ulnar nerve compression syndromes:
1. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: This occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow, within the cubital tunnel - a narrow passage located on the inner side of the elbow. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness in gripping or pinching, and pain or discomfort in the elbow.
2. Guyon's Canal Syndrome: This type of ulnar nerve compression syndrome happens when the nerve is compressed at the wrist, within the Guyon's canal. Causes can include ganglion cysts, bone fractures, or repetitive motion injuries. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness or paralysis in the hand muscles, and muscle wasting in severe cases.
Treatment for ulnar nerve compression syndromes depends on the severity and location of the compression. Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, bracing, or anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended for milder cases. Severe or persistent symptoms may require surgical intervention to relieve the pressure on the ulnar nerve.
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. It consists of two bones, the radius and ulna, which are located side by side and run parallel to each other. The forearm is responsible for movements such as flexion, extension, supination, and pronation of the hand and wrist.
The Radial nerve is a major peripheral nerve in the human body that originates from the brachial plexus, which is a network of nerves formed by the union of the ventral rami (anterior divisions) of spinal nerves C5-T1. The radial nerve provides motor function to extensor muscles of the upper limb and sensation to parts of the skin on the back of the arm, forearm, and hand.
More specifically, the radial nerve supplies motor innervation to:
* Extensor muscles of the shoulder (e.g., teres minor, infraspinatus)
* Rotator cuff muscles
* Elbow joint stabilizers (e.g., lateral head of the triceps)
* Extensors of the wrist, fingers, and thumb
The radial nerve also provides sensory innervation to:
* Posterior aspect of the upper arm (from the lower third of the humerus to the elbow)
* Lateral forearm (from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the wrist)
* Dorsum of the hand (skin over the radial side of the dorsum, including the first web space)
Damage or injury to the radial nerve may result in various symptoms, such as weakness or paralysis of the extensor muscles, numbness or tingling sensations in the affected areas, and difficulty with extension movements of the wrist, fingers, and thumb. Common causes of radial nerve injuries include fractures of the humerus bone, compression during sleep or prolonged pressure on the nerve (e.g., from crutches), and entrapment syndromes like radial tunnel syndrome.
The triquetral bone, also known as the triquetrum, is one of the eight carpal bones in the human wrist. It is located on the ulnar side of the wrist and articulates with the lunate bone proximally, the pisiform bone distally, and the hamate bone medially. The triquetral bone has a pyramidal shape and plays an essential role in wrist movements, particularly in pronation and supination. It is named "triquetral" because of its three articular facets, which create a triangular shape.
A Synovial Cyst is a type of benign cyst that typically develops in the synovium, which is the membrane that lines and lubricates joint capsules. These cysts are filled with synovial fluid, which is the same lubricating fluid found inside joints. They usually form as a result of degenerative changes, trauma, or underlying joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.
Synovial cysts commonly occur in the spine (particularly in the facet joints), but they can also develop in other areas of the body, including the knees, hips, and hands. While synovial cysts are generally not harmful, they may cause discomfort or pain if they press on nearby nerves or restrict movement in the affected joint. Treatment options for synovial cysts range from conservative measures like physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in severe cases.
Synovitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, which is the soft tissue that lines the inner surface of joint capsules and tendon sheaths. The synovial membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and allows for smooth movement.
Inflammation of the synovial membrane can cause it to thicken, redden, and become painful and swollen. This can lead to stiffness, limited mobility, and discomfort in the affected joint or tendon sheath. Synovitis may occur as a result of injury, overuse, infection, or autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
If left untreated, synovitis can cause irreversible damage to the joint and surrounding tissues, including cartilage loss and bone erosion. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications to reduce inflammation and manage pain.
The elbow joint, also known as the cubitus joint, is a hinge joint that connects the humerus bone of the upper arm to the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. It allows for flexion and extension movements of the forearm, as well as some degree of rotation. The main articulation occurs between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, while the radial head of the radius also contributes to the joint's stability and motion. Ligaments, muscles, and tendons surround and support the elbow joint, providing strength and protection during movement.
A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone due to external or internal forces. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body and can vary in severity from a small crack to a shattered bone. The symptoms of a bone fracture typically include pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and difficulty moving the affected limb. Treatment for a bone fracture may involve immobilization with a cast or splint, surgery to realign and stabilize the bone, or medication to manage pain and prevent infection. The specific treatment approach will depend on the location, type, and severity of the fracture.
De Quervain disease, also known as De Quervain tenosynovitis, is a medical condition that affects the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist. It is characterized by the inflammation and thickening of the sheath that surrounds these tendons, leading to pain and difficulty in moving the thumb and wrist.
The exact cause of De Quervain disease is not known, but it is often associated with repetitive hand or wrist movements, especially those that involve twisting or gripping. It can also occur after an injury to the wrist or thumb. The condition is more common in middle-aged women, and may be related to hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause.
The symptoms of De Quervain disease include pain and tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist, which may worsen with movement or gripping activities. There may also be swelling and a creaking or crackling sensation when moving the thumb and wrist. Diagnosis is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination, although imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for De Quervain disease usually involves resting the affected area, avoiding activities that aggravate the symptoms, and using ice packs to reduce swelling. In some cases, immobilization with a splint or brace may be recommended to allow the tendons to heal. Anti-inflammatory medications or corticosteroid injections may also be used to reduce pain and inflammation. Surgery may be considered if other treatments are not effective.
"Torque" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a physical concept used in the fields of physics and engineering, referring to a twisting force that causes rotation around an axis. However, in certain medical contexts, such as in discussions of spinal or joint biomechanics, the term "torque" may be used to describe a rotational force applied to a body part. But generally speaking, "torque" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology.
Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.
The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.
Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.
It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.
The metacarpal bones are the long slender bones that make up the middle part of the hand, located between the carpals (wrist bones) and the phalanges (finger bones). There are five metacarpal bones in total, with one for each finger and thumb. Each bone has a base attached to the carpals, a shaft, and a head that connects to the phalanges. The metacarpal bones play a crucial role in hand function, providing stability and support during gripping and manipulation movements.
The term "upper extremity" is used in the medical field to refer to the portion of the upper limb that extends from the shoulder to the hand. This includes the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The upper extremity is responsible for various functions such as reaching, grasping, and manipulating objects, making it an essential part of a person's daily activities.
Actigraphy is a non-invasive method used to estimate sleep-wake patterns and physical activity levels over extended periods, typically ranging from several days to weeks. It involves the use of a small device called an actigraph, which is usually worn on the wrist like a watch.
The actigraph contains an accelerometer that detects movement and records the intensity and duration of motion. This data is then analyzed using specialized software to provide information about sleep and wake times, as well as patterns of physical activity.
Actigraphy can be useful in assessing various sleep disorders, such as insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and sleep-related breathing disorders. It can also help evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions. However, it is important to note that actigraphy is not a substitute for a formal sleep study (polysomnography) and should be used in conjunction with other assessment tools and clinical evaluations.
The capitate bone is one of the eight carpal bones located in the wrist, which connects the hand to the forearm. It is situated in the middle row of the carpus, lateral to the hamate bone and medial to the trapezoid bone. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and its shape resembles a knob or a rounded head at one end, which articulates with the lunate bone, while the other end, known as the body, articulates with the third metacarpal bone. It plays a crucial role in the mobility and stability of the wrist joint.
Musculoskeletal diseases are a group of medical conditions that affect the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. These diseases can cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and decreased function in the affected areas of the body. They include a wide range of conditions such as:
1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the lining of the joints, resulting in swelling, pain, and bone erosion.
3. Gout: A form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to severe pain, redness, and swelling.
4. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weakened bones that are more susceptible to fractures due to decreased bone density.
5. Fibromyalgia: A disorder that causes widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tenderness in specific areas of the body.
6. Spinal disorders: Conditions affecting the spine, such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease, which can cause back pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness.
7. Soft tissue injuries: Damage to muscles, tendons, and ligaments, often caused by overuse, strain, or trauma.
8. Infections: Bone and joint infections (septic arthritis or osteomyelitis) can cause pain, swelling, and fever.
9. Tumors: Benign or malignant growths in bones, muscles, or soft tissues can lead to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
10. Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can affect the musculoskeletal system and cause various symptoms.
Treatment for musculoskeletal diseases varies depending on the specific condition but may include medications, physical therapy, exercise, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. It is characterized by persistent inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and subsequent damage to the articular cartilage and bone. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, specifically targeting the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule. This results in swelling, pain, warmth, and stiffness in affected joints, often most severely in the hands and feet.
RA can also have extra-articular manifestations, affecting other organs such as the lungs, heart, skin, eyes, and blood vessels. The exact cause of RA remains unknown, but it is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing rheumatoid arthritis to prevent joint damage, disability, and systemic complications.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "skating." In general, skating refers to the act of moving on ice or a smooth surface using skates. There are several types of skating, including ice skating, roller skating, and inline skating. Skating can be a recreational activity, a form of transportation, or a competitive sport. It is not typically considered a medical term or concept. If you have any specific concerns about skating and its potential impact on health or physical well-being, I would recommend consulting with a healthcare professional for further guidance.
The elbow is a joint formed by the articulation between the humerus bone of the upper arm and the radius and ulna bones of the forearm. It allows for flexion, extension, and rotation of the forearm. The medical definition of "elbow" refers to this specific anatomical structure and its associated functions in human anatomy.
Skeletal muscle, also known as striated or voluntary muscle, is a type of muscle that is attached to bones by tendons or aponeuroses and functions to produce movements and support the posture of the body. It is composed of long, multinucleated fibers that are arranged in parallel bundles and are characterized by alternating light and dark bands, giving them a striped appearance under a microscope. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning that it is consciously activated through signals from the nervous system. It is responsible for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and lifting objects.
The pisiform bone is a small, rounded carpal bone located in the wrist, more specifically in the ulnar side of the proximal row of carpals. It articulates with the triquetral bone and is held in place by several strong ligaments. The pisiform bone serves as an attachment site for various muscles and tendons, including the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. It plays a crucial role in wrist movements, particularly in flexion and ulnar deviation.
Median neuropathy, also known as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, is a common entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist level. The median nerve provides sensation to the palm side of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also innervates some of the muscles that control movement of the fingers and thumb.
In median neuropathy, the compression of the median nerve can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected hand and fingers. These symptoms may be worse at night or upon waking up in the morning, and can be exacerbated by activities that involve repetitive motion of the wrist, such as typing or using tools. If left untreated, median neuropathy can lead to permanent nerve damage and muscle wasting in the hand.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "skiing" is not a medical term. It is a recreational activity that involves sliding down snow-covered slopes while standing on long, flat runners called skis. However, if you're interested, I can provide information about injuries that are commonly associated with skiing:
Skiing injuries can range from minor scrapes and bruises to more serious injuries such as fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains. Some of the most common skiing injuries include:
1. Knee injuries: ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tears are a common injury in skiers, often caused by landing awkwardly from jumps or falls.
2. Shoulder injuries: Dislocations and sprains can occur when skiers fall onto an outstretched arm.
3. Thumb injuries: Skiers can suffer from "skier's thumb" when they fall with their hand still in the ski pole strap, causing a ligament tear in the thumb.
4. Head injuries: Concussions and other head injuries can occur if skiers collide with objects or other people, or if they fall and hit their head on the ground. Wearing a helmet while skiing is highly recommended to reduce the risk of head injuries.
5. Fractures: Skiers can suffer fractures in various parts of the body, including the wrists, ankles, and hips, due to falls or collisions.
To prevent these injuries, it's essential to wear appropriate safety gear, such as helmets, wrist guards, and back protectors, and to receive proper instruction on skiing techniques and safety practices. Additionally, staying in good physical condition and being aware of one's limits can help reduce the risk of injury while skiing.
In the context of medicine and physiology, vibration refers to the mechanical oscillation of a physical body or substance with a periodic back-and-forth motion around an equilibrium point. This motion can be produced by external forces or internal processes within the body.
Vibration is often measured in terms of frequency (the number of cycles per second) and amplitude (the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position). In clinical settings, vibration perception tests are used to assess peripheral nerve function and diagnose conditions such as neuropathy.
Prolonged exposure to whole-body vibration or hand-transmitted vibration in certain occupational settings can also have adverse health effects, including hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, and vascular damage.
A cadaver is a deceased body that is used for medical research or education. In the field of medicine, cadavers are often used in anatomy lessons, surgical training, and other forms of medical research. The use of cadavers allows medical professionals to gain a deeper understanding of the human body and its various systems without causing harm to living subjects. Cadavers may be donated to medical schools or obtained through other means, such as through consent of the deceased or their next of kin. It is important to handle and treat cadavers with respect and dignity, as they were once living individuals who deserve to be treated with care even in death.
The term "hand bones" refers to the skeletal components that make up the human hand. These bones are divided into three categories: carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
1. Carpals: There are eight carpal bones arranged in two rows in the wrist region. The proximal row consists of the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.
2. Metacarpals: There are five metacarpal bones, one for each finger, located in the middle part of the hand between the carpals and phalanges. They are numbered 1 to 5 from the thumb side to the little finger side.
3. Phalanges: These are the bones found in the fingers and thumb. Each finger has three phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal), while the thumb only has two (proximal and distal). In total, there are 14 phalangeal bones in the hand.
Together, these hand bones provide structure, support, and mobility to the hand, enabling various complex movements essential for daily activities.
In anatomical terms, the shoulder refers to the complex joint of the human body that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It is formed by the union of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and humerus (upper arm bone). The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket type of synovial joint, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
The shoulder complex includes not only the glenohumeral joint but also other structures that contribute to its movement and stability, including:
1. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint: where the clavicle meets the acromion process of the scapula.
2. The coracoclavicular (CC) ligament: connects the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle, providing additional stability to the AC joint.
3. The rotator cuff: a group of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) that surround and reinforce the shoulder joint, contributing to its stability and range of motion.
4. The biceps tendon: originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and passes through the shoulder joint, helping with flexion, supination, and stability.
5. Various ligaments and capsular structures that provide additional support and limit excessive movement in the shoulder joint.
The shoulder is a remarkable joint due to its wide range of motion, but this also makes it susceptible to injuries and disorders such as dislocations, subluxations, sprains, strains, tendinitis, bursitis, and degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis. Proper care, exercise, and maintenance are essential for maintaining shoulder health and function throughout one's life.
A Colles' fracture is a specific type of fracture in the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm, which is the larger of the two bones in the lower arm. This type of fracture occurs when the wrist is forcefully bent backward (dorsiflexion), often as a result of falling onto an outstretched hand.
In a Colles' fracture, the distal end of the radius bone breaks and is displaced downward and angulated backward, resulting in a characteristic "dinner fork" deformity. This type of fracture is more common in older individuals, particularly women with osteoporosis, but can also occur in younger people as a result of high-energy trauma.
Colles' fractures are typically treated with immobilization using a cast or splint to hold the bones in proper alignment while they heal. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign and stabilize the fracture, particularly if there is significant displacement or instability of the bone fragments.
Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.
The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.
An ulna fracture is a break in the ulna bone, which is one of the two long bones in the forearm. The ulna is located on the pinky finger side of the forearm and functions to support the elbow joint and assist in rotation and movement of the forearm. Ulna fractures can occur at various points along the bone, including the shaft, near the wrist, or at the elbow end of the bone. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment typically involves immobilization with a cast or splint, followed by rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and range of motion. In severe cases, surgery may be required to realign and stabilize the fractured bone.
A forelimb is a term used in animal anatomy to refer to the upper limbs located in the front of the body, primarily involved in movement and manipulation of the environment. In humans, this would be equivalent to the arms, while in quadrupedal animals (those that move on four legs), it includes the structures that are comparable to both the arms and legs of humans, such as the front legs of dogs or the forepaws of cats. The bones that make up a typical forelimb include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Golf" is not a medical term. It is a sport that involves hitting a small ball with various clubs into a series of holes on a course, typically in as few strokes as possible. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
Posture is the position or alignment of body parts supported by the muscles, especially the spine and head in relation to the vertebral column. It can be described as static (related to a stationary position) or dynamic (related to movement). Good posture involves training your body to stand, walk, sit, and lie in positions where the least strain is placed on supporting muscles and ligaments during movement or weight-bearing activities. Poor posture can lead to various health issues such as back pain, neck pain, headaches, and respiratory problems.
Electrodiagnosis, also known as electromyography (EMG), is a medical diagnostic procedure that evaluates the health and function of muscles and nerves. It measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles at rest and during contraction, as well as the conduction of electrical signals along nerves.
The test involves inserting a thin needle electrode into the muscle to record its electrical activity. The physician will ask the patient to contract and relax the muscle while the electrical activity is recorded. The resulting data can help diagnose various neuromuscular disorders, such as nerve damage or muscle diseases, by identifying abnormalities in the electrical signals.
Electrodiagnosis can be used to diagnose conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, muscular dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others. It is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of neuromuscular disorders, helping physicians to develop appropriate treatment plans for their patients.
A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and provide support and stability to the body during motion. Joints can be classified in several ways, including structure, function, and the type of tissue that forms them. The three main types of joints based on structure are fibrous (or fixed), cartilaginous, and synovial (or diarthrosis). Fibrous joints do not have a cavity and have limited movement, while cartilaginous joints allow for some movement and are connected by cartilage. Synovial joints, the most common and most movable type, have a space between the articular surfaces containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction and wear. Examples of synovial joints include hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, saddle, and condyloid joints.
I believe you may be looking for the term "human factors engineering" or "ergonomics," as there is no widely recognized medical definition for "human engineering." Human factors engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the design and integration of systems, products, and environments to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. This includes considering human capabilities, limitations, and characteristics in the design process to ensure safe, efficient, and effective interactions between humans and technology.
Wrist
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Teenage Wrist
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My Wrist
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Wrist shot
Wrist, Germany
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Wrist (disambiguation)
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Wrist (Logic song)
Sinclair Wrist Calculator
Flick of the Wrist
Wrist - Wikipedia
wrist techniques
Wrist Injuries | Wrist Disorders | MedlinePlus
Indians place Chisenhall on DL with broken wrist
Heart on my wrist - Yanko Design
Wrist Anatomy, Pictures & Diagram | Body Maps
Wrist Arthrodesis: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Ur. Frog Wrist Rest - Walyou
Wrist Pain
Gauntlets Wrist Warmers Different Sizes and Different Colors - Etsy
Deftones - Saturday Night Wrist Album Reviews, Songs & More | AllMusic
How To Prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: 9 Hand & Wrist Exercises
Mueller Hg80 Wrist Support
Best Buy: 3M Precise Mousing Surface with Gel Wrist Rest MW309MX
Hand and Wrist Pain Specialists | Johns Hopkins Musculoskeletal Center
Wrist blood pressure monitors: Are they accurate? - Mayo Clinic
Baumgartens Wrist Coil Key Chain Assorted Colors - Office Depot
Wrist strap, black | Leica Camera NZ
Broken Wrist Bear card (1257674)
HyperX Wrist Rest - Keyboard - Tenkeyless (4Z7X1AA) - Shop HP.com Hong Kong
WRIST Home Page | BRIDGE Lab | University of Nebraska Omaha
Gary Sánchez fractures right wrist after being hit by pitch
Wrist injury sidelines Laura Robson in Auckland | Sporting News Australia
Report: Nick Bolton out for two months with dislocated wrist
WRIST MASTER II
wrist injury | HTMLGIANT
wrist band - Tiggywinkles
Atomic clocks come to your wrist • The Register
ACTIVESTOP DYNAMIC WRIST PROTECTOR FOR SPORTS | SBIR.gov
Fracture3
- As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often considered fractures to the wrist. (wikipedia.org)
- The same goes for infielder Jake Cronenworth, who also sustained a right wrist fracture on a hit-by-pitch. (mlb.com)
- DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this proposal is to research the technical and commercial feasibility of a novel wrist brace that reduces the risk for wrist fracture by resisting wrist terminal extension while otherwise allowing unconstrained movement throughout the normal range of motion. (sbir.gov)
Forearm9
- 3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. (wikipedia.org)
- Your wrist connects your hand to your forearm. (medlineplus.gov)
- The wrist has two big forearm bones and eight small bones known as carpals. (medlineplus.gov)
- To assess the right wrist, use your left hand to support the client's forearm a few inches above the wrist. (massagetoday.com)
- The wrist provides an anatomic link between the forearm and the hand. (medscape.com)
- However, the primary purpose of this article is to highlight the special considerations involved in acquired amputations at the wrist and forearm (below the elbow). (medscape.com)
- The true frequency of acquired amputation of the wrist and forearm is unknown. (medscape.com)
- Your wrist joint is where the 2 long bones in your forearm meet the 8 small bones at the base of your hand. (msdmanuals.com)
- The wrist is a complex joint that bridges the hand to the forearm. (medscape.com)
Right wrist4
- In the Padres' 5-1 loss to the Phillies on Wednesday afternoon at Petco Park, Sánchez sustained a fractured right wrist when he was hit by a pitch from reliever Jeff Hoffman in the bottom of the eighth. (mlb.com)
- Charlotte Hornets guard Gerald Henderson underwent arthroscopic surgery on his right wrist to remove scar tissue, the team announced Friday. (espn.com)
- That alone reduced the pain in my right wrist significantly. (hersam.com)
- A 33-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider owing to a "lump" in the volar aspect of her right wrist. (medscape.com)
Fractures2
- Wrist braces offer limited protection against distal radius fractures, yet they have achieved limited acceptance, particularly among youths, because they are bulky and limit normal range of motion. (sbir.gov)
- A maximum of three hip fractures, a maximum of ten wrist fractures, and a maximum of five spine fractures were reported. (cdc.gov)
Consists of the distal1
- The wrist consists of the distal radius, the ulna, the carpal bones, and the bases of the metacarpals. (medscape.com)
Brace3
- Wearing a wrist brace when you sleep can help you do this. (webmd.com)
- Stay cool and comfortable with our breathable Wrist Master II Excel wrist brace. (stormbowling.com)
- The novel wrist brace will be designed, fabricated, and validated in our laboratory under simulated impact conditions. (sbir.gov)
Sore2
- Mueller® Hg80® Wrist Supports Comfortable compression and support for sore or weak wrists featuring HydraCinn® fabric that wicks moisture and manages heat. (alimed.com)
- I rarely have sore wrists now that I've made the aforementioned changes, but occasionally they'll get a little tight or uncomfortable. (hersam.com)
Repetitive2
- Doing repetitive wrist motions, such as typing on a keyboard, working on an assembly line, or using power tools. (medlineplus.gov)
- Repetitive stress is another condition that affects the wrist. (healthline.com)
Cuffs3
- Although the standard method for measuring blood pressure (BP) is still at the upper arm, blood pressure wrist cuffs are now emerging as practical and easily portable alternatives. (healthnews.com)
- These BP wrist cuffs can provide readings while giving priority to user comfort and mobility, making it effortless to keep tabs on your cardiovascular health. (healthnews.com)
- This state-of-the-art steel Wrist Spreader Bar measures 18 inches in length and comes with swivel-mounted bondage cuffs that permit some movement. (stockroom.com)
Forearms1
- When this happens, the stretching techniques for the wrist and forearms loosen them up again and are quite effective. (hersam.com)
Bend4
- Adjust your keyboard position so you don't have to bend your wrists when you type. (webmd.com)
- Be still during the test and don't bend the wrist. (mayoclinic.org)
- For instance, your wrists should stay pretty rigid during deadlifts, but need to bend during handstands. (livestrong.com)
- This would mean that your wrist would have to bend in order to achieve the movement of the hand. (linguistlist.org)
Joints5
- The pull of the finger and wrist flexors and extensors exerts considerable force on the many intercarpal joints. (medscape.com)
- Joint arthropathy resulting in wrist arthritis is nearly identical to arthropathy in other joints, including the hip and knee. (medscape.com)
- Keep your joints supported and stable with these easy-to-adjust, secure wrist wraps for lifting weights. (livestrong.com)
- After all, they protect some of your most important joints - your wrists - while you lift. (livestrong.com)
- The joints of the wrist are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and are held together by an array of ligaments that provide carpal stability by linking the bones both dorsally and volarly (see the following images). (medscape.com)
Arthritis of the Wrist1
- Arthropathy and resulting arthritis of the wrist give rise to pain, which in turn leads to disability and decreased function of the upper extremity. (medscape.com)
Strain4
- And other sports such as gymnastics and basketball can strain your wrists. (medlineplus.gov)
- Tendinitis, sprains, and strain are other common injuries, which affect the connective tissues of the wrist. (healthline.com)
- If your job or favorite hobby puts strain on your hands and wrists, you might wonder if you have carpal tunnel syndrome . (webmd.com)
- But if you reduce stress and strain on your hands and wrists as much as you can, you may keep it from getting worse. (webmd.com)
Ligament4
- Radial collateral ligament of the wrist. (massagetoday.com)
- The function of the radial collateral ligament is to protect the wrist joint by limiting ulnar deviation of the wrist (i.e., the side-bending movement of the wrist toward the small finger). (massagetoday.com)
- Injury to this ligament is common in massage therapists with wrist problems, as well as in carpenters, construction workers, gymnasts and other athletes who use their wrists in stressful positions. (massagetoday.com)
- When the median nerve goes through your wrist, it passes through a narrow path -- the carpal tunnel -- that's made of bone and ligament. (webmd.com)
Broken wrist7
- Never thought I'd find a card for a broken wrist, and such a cute one that could be personalized on the inside. (greetingcarduniverse.com)
- What is a broken wrist? (msdmanuals.com)
- A break in any of these bones can be considered a broken wrist. (msdmanuals.com)
- This kind of broken wrist is a very common injury. (msdmanuals.com)
- See a doctor right away if you think you have a broken wrist. (msdmanuals.com)
- What are the symptoms of a broken wrist? (msdmanuals.com)
- How do doctors treat a broken wrist? (msdmanuals.com)
Numbness4
- Some other possible symptoms include swelling, a decrease in wrist strength, and sudden numbness or tingling. (medlineplus.gov)
- Symptoms consist of wrist pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- While holding the wrist in this flexed position, you are looking to see if you feel any symptoms, such as tingling, numbness, pain, or a sensation of "pins and needles. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
- If you experience wrist pain, numbness, or tingling, especially if these symptoms persist or interfere with your daily activities, it is important to seek medical evaluation. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Swollen1
- If your wrists are swollen and causing you extreme discomfort like he experienced, you should talk with your doctor immediately to see what your options are. (hersam.com)
Motions1
- Try to avoid doing the same hand and wrist motions over and over again. (webmd.com)
Median nerve3
- If you get any swelling in your wrist, this tunnel gets squeezed and pinches your median nerve, which causes your symptoms. (webmd.com)
- When you keep your wrist in a straight, neutral position, it takes the pressure off your median nerve. (webmd.com)
- Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Side of the wrist3
- If passive ulnar deviation of the wrist causes pain on the thumb side of the wrist, what structure is likely to be injured? (massagetoday.com)
- Next, you should side-flex the hand medially toward the fifth digit to passively stretch the radial side of the wrist. (massagetoday.com)
- however, these imaging techniques, though often invaluable, can be expensive and may prove unnecessary with a thorough physical examination and a solid understanding of the many pathologies that may lead to pain on the ulnar side of the wrist. (medscape.com)
Radial3
- Starting from the mid-position of the hand, the movements permitted in the wrist proper are (muscles in order of importance): Marginal movements: radial deviation (abduction, movement towards the thumb) and ulnar deviation (adduction, movement towards the little finger). (wikipedia.org)
- If you use one, place it directly over the wrist (radial) artery, where you can feel the pulse. (mayoclinic.org)
- You can feel the radial pulse on the artery of the wrist in line with the thumb. (cdc.gov)
Ulnar5
- To palpate the scaphoid attachment, use your other hand to slightly ulnar-deviate the wrist so that the scaphoid bone moves laterally and is more easily accessible. (massagetoday.com)
- Ulnar-sided wrist pain often proves to be a challenging presenting complaint. (medscape.com)
- Determining the cause of such pain is difficult, largely because of the complexity of the anatomic and biomechanical properties of the ulnar wrist. (medscape.com)
- The objectives of this article are to provide an overview of the most common problems that are encountered in the diagnosis of ulnar-sided wrist pain and to review the anatomy, diagnostic modalities, clinical presentation, and various treatments available. (medscape.com)
- The majority of the diagnoses involving ulnar wrist pain may be established with a detailed history, thorough physical examination, and standard radiography. (medscape.com)
Ligaments2
- The mobility of the wrist is determined by the shapes of the bones involved and by the attachments and lengths of the various intrinsic and extrinsic wrist ligaments. (medscape.com)
- Ligaments of the wrist, palmar view. (medscape.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis2
- For example, rheumatoid arthritis can cause wrist pain. (medlineplus.gov)
- The wrist can also be affected by arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. (healthline.com)
Bones5
- The radiocarpal joint or wrist joint is an ellipsoid joint formed by the radius and the articular disc proximally and the proximal row of carpal bones distally. (wikipedia.org)
- Breaks in the small wrist bones are less common. (msdmanuals.com)
- The bones comprising the wrist include the distal ends of the radius and ulna, 8 carpal bones, and the proximal portions of the 5 metacarpal bones (see the images below). (medscape.com)
- Bones of the wrist, palmar view. (medscape.com)
- Bones of the wrist, enlarged view. (medscape.com)
Elbow2
- The Wrist Restrictor will help sync wrist and elbow through the release to correct over rotation. (bowling.com)
- The Wrist Restrictor helps sync the movement of elbow and wrist limiting rotation and correcting back up ball release. (bowling.com)
Volar1
- however, over the course of 1 year, the patient progressively developed significant pain in the volar aspect of her right hand and wrist. (medscape.com)
Trauma3
- Acute hand and wrist trauma. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- Offers assessment and treatment for acute hand and wrist trauma. (albertahealthservices.ca)
- The spectrum of hand-wrist "cumulative trauma" disorders may considerably exceed that of soft-tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and may include arthritis, a widely prevalent, disabling condition. (cdc.gov)
Injury4
- Treatments for wrist pain depends on the type of injury or disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
- But for the past month I haven't been able to do those things because of a very painful injury of my right (dominant) wrist. (htmlgiant.com)
- When powerlifting or otherwise moving heavy loads, it's best to seek max support for your wrist to keep them injury-free. (livestrong.com)
- For patient education resources, see Wrist Injury . (medscape.com)
Palmar2
- When contracted, most of the tendons of these muscles are prevented from standing up like taut bowstrings around the wrist by passing under the flexor retinaculum on the palmar side and the extensor retinaculum on the dorsal side. (wikipedia.org)
- Slowly and gently flex your wrist, moving it into a downward or palmar-flexed position. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Shoulders1
- my shoulders and wrists were relaxed. (hersam.com)
Diagnoses1
- Of 185 studies meeting eligibility criteria, diagnoses of wrist pain , De Quervain's syndrome and ulna -sided pain were encountered most frequently, with uncontrolled non-randomised trial or cohort study being the most frequently used methodology . (bvsalud.org)
Risk for wrist1
- Who is at risk for wrist injuries and disorders? (medlineplus.gov)
Tendon1
- Wrist arthrodesis is also indicated for stabilization of the wrist when combined with tendon transfers, for correction of wrist deformities in patients with spastic hemiplegia, and for salvage of unsuccessful wrist arthroplasty. (medscape.com)
20181
- A 33-Year-Old Woman With a Lump in Her Wrist - Medscape - May 10, 2018. (medscape.com)
Compass1
- The Waltham Wrist Compass had a brass case and a one-piece nylon strap. (vietnamgear.com)
Scaphoid2
- [ 2 ] Non-scaphoid-related arthritis was found in only 3% of affected wrists. (medscape.com)
- The proximal row is found at the level of the distal wrist crease and includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform. (medscape.com)
Left wrist2
- To test the left wrist, reverse these directions. (massagetoday.com)
- One thing I did was to remap the Tab, Shift, and Ctrl keys to the top of the keyboard so I wouldn't have to continually twist my left wrist counterclockwise. (hersam.com)
Biomechanical1
- We examined relationships between hand-wrist arthritis, occupation, and biomechanical exposures in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey-Occupational Health Supplement. (cdc.gov)
Pain6
- A common symptom is wrist pain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Wrist pain may also result from medical conditions, such as osteoporosis. (healthline.com)
- The pain produced by arthropathy of the wrist causes the patient to use a wrist splint to decrease pain. (medscape.com)
- Prostaglandins and cytokines are generated as a result of inflammation, causing pain and decreased mobility of the wrist. (medscape.com)
- Our musculoskeletal hand and wrist pain specialists offer treatments for a wide range of hand and wrist conditions in several convenient locations. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The pain was associated with wrist paresthesias as well as decreased strength. (medscape.com)
Neck3
- This sets off a chain reaction that shortens your neck and shoulder muscles, crunches the nerves in your neck, and makes wrist problems worse. (webmd.com)
- Over the course of the day, I'm sure it caused my neck and shoulder muscles to be tense up and may have contributed to my wrist discomfort. (hersam.com)
- You can take your pulse at your neck, wrist, or chest. (cdc.gov)
Disorders6
- What are the types of wrist injuries and disorders? (medlineplus.gov)
- What are the symptoms of wrist injuries and disorders? (medlineplus.gov)
- How are wrist injuries and disorders diagnosed? (medlineplus.gov)
- Can wrist injuries and disorders be prevented? (medlineplus.gov)
- A scoping review to map evidence regarding key domains and questions in the management of non-traumatic wrist disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- Non-traumatic wrist disorders (NTWD) are commonly encountered yet sparse resources exist to aid management. (bvsalud.org)
Stretch1
- Move your wrists upwards to increase the stretch on them. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Lifting3
- Not to be confused with wrist wraps, lifting straps twist around a barbell to improve your grip and don't actually support your wrists. (livestrong.com)
- Browse our expert-recommended options and learn how to zero in on the best wrist wraps for your lifting workouts. (livestrong.com)
- Wrist straps (or lifting straps) have two long fabric pieces that wrap around a dumbbell or barbell to assist your grip during a lift. (livestrong.com)
Underwent1
- Chastain, 42, underwent wrist surgery days earlier on May 31. (usmagazine.com)
Injuries1
- Doing sports, which can put you at risk for injuries and puts stress on your wrist. (medlineplus.gov)
Mobility1
- The articulation afforded the hand by the wrist is important for mobility, strength, and dexterity. (medscape.com)
Downward2
- I know you had just the downward wrist flex movement, but I also saw an arm movement so I added it. (linguistlist.org)
- I'm also thinking that maybe this movement is not a downward wrist flex, but a backward wrist flex. (linguistlist.org)
Exercises2
- Learn several different wrist techniques and exercises. (simplythebest.net)
- That's because CrossFit workouts involve a lot of different exercises, all of which demand different levels movement from your wrists. (livestrong.com)
Surgery1
- Bolton will need surgery on his wrist. (yahoo.com)
Stiff2
- Most of the best wrist wraps fit relatively stiff and snug, but these are more flexible, making them the best CrossFit wrist wraps you can buy, according to Schumacher. (livestrong.com)
- After the broken bone heals, your wrist will be stiff. (msdmanuals.com)
Anatomy1
- Because the structures of the wrist are highly interactive in producing normal and abnormal wrist mechanics, a brief review of the anatomy and kinetics of the entire carpus is included here. (medscape.com)
Carpal tunnel2
- The carpal tunnel is a tube of nerves and tendons that passes through the wrist. (healthline.com)
- A positive Phalen's test is indicated when wrist flexion reproduces or exacerbates any symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Movement5
- wrist movement usually keeps the arm still, but this is not the case here. (linguistlist.org)
- with wrist movement? (linguistlist.org)
- You can select the wrist symbol for 'movement', then you will get all gestures with wrist movement. (linguistlist.org)
- That would mean there would be a wrist flex to the side for this movement. (linguistlist.org)
- It took a few days to get used to it, but the lack of movement in my wrist was well worth the effort of switching. (hersam.com)
Hands6
- If you can back off even a little, your hands and wrists will thank you. (webmd.com)
- While it's natural to focus on your wrist and hands, how you hold the rest of your body can also make a difference. (webmd.com)
- Even gloves with no fingers can be helpful because they keep your hands and wrists warm and loose. (webmd.com)
- I've been spending more time gaming because of the whole global pandemic thing and my hands and wrists have been hurting more. (pcgamer.com)
- Gaming may not be as strenuous as marathon running, but the same principles apply to the tissues in your hands, wrists, and arms. (pcgamer.com)
- Even the slightest difference is probably extending the life of your wrists and hands. (hersam.com)
Search1
- Our search for the best wrist blood pressure monitors was centered on models that manage to marry quality and affordability so that you get the most out of your money. (healthnews.com)
Screws2
- The development of internal fixation with plates and screws revolutionized wrist arthrodesis and almost completely eliminated the need for external immobilization. (medscape.com)
- Currently, state-of-the-art total wrist arthrodesis employs the use of a specifically designed dynamic compression plate, which allows rigid fixation with larger screws proximally and smaller screws distally to reduce the risk of fracturing the metacarpals. (medscape.com)
Joint4
- The major difference is the fact that the wrist is not normally a weightbearing joint. (medscape.com)
- However, Watson and Ballet reviewed 4000 wrist radiographs for evidence of arthritis (eg, joint-space narrowing, osteophyte formation, subchondral reactive bone formation, or subchondral cyst formation). (medscape.com)
- Wrist wraps, however, are all about stability and joint support. (livestrong.com)
- On the other hand, wrist wraps sit around the wrist joint to give a little extra support and stability as you train. (livestrong.com)
Keyboard2
Symptoms2
- The symptoms of a wrist problem can vary, depending on the problem. (medlineplus.gov)
- Also whether you have symptoms in one or both wrists. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Flex2
- This isn't an official rule/guideline, but I have noticed that often the palm facing has an impact on which plane the wrist flex is. (linguistlist.org)
- If the palm faces the wall, the wrist flex will generally be on the floor plane. (linguistlist.org)
Pins1
- Wiseco has a large selection of wrist pins, in a variety of sizes and materials such as Alloy 4130 and Tool Steel H13 to fit all of your application needs. (wiseco.com)
Strap1
- The elegantly contoured wrist strap in fine black leather is embossed with the Leica logo. (leica-camera.com)