Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.
Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.
A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.
A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)
Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.
Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.
Imino acids are organic compounds containing a nitrogen atom in their structure, classified as derivatives of amino acids, where the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom instead of a hydrogen atom, forming a characteristic imino functional group.
A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.
Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.
A variant of acute cholecystitis with inflammation of the GALLBLADDER that is characterized by the pockets of gas in the gallbladder wall. It is due to secondary infection caused by gas-forming organisms, and has a high risk of perforation.
A process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

Efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acalculous gallbladder disease: long-term follow-up. (1/30)

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in symptomatic patients with ultrasound negative and abnormal gallbladder ejection fractions; Patients with gallbladder ejection fractions less than 35% on hepatobiliary scan were offered laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Between January 1995 and January 2001, 1564 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our institution: 256 were confirmed to have acalculous gallbladder disease by pathology report and reconfirmation of abnormal hepatobiliary scan data. A 30-day postoperative follow-up was obtained by retrospective medical record review. For this study, we contacted all 256 patients by mail questionnaire and followed up on nonresponders with telephone interviews; we also reviewed hospital records to verify preoperative symptom patterns. The survey was completed by 154 patients (60%): 48 (31%) by mail and 106 (69%) by telephone interviews. The study included 115 (75%) female and 39 (25%) male patients, and the average age was 42 years (range, 13 to 95). All hepatobiliary laboratory parameters were normal pre- and postoperatively. The survey was completed in December 2001, 1 to 5 years postoperatively (mean 3 years). RESULTS: Preoperatively, 142 patients (92%) had right upper quadrant pain, 114 (74%) had nausea, 88 (57%) had vomiting, 120 (73%) had heartburn, and 118 (77%) had food intolerance. In a 30-day postoperative period, these numbers had reduced to 48 (37%), 14 (90%), 8 (5%), 22 (14%), and 34 (22%), respectively. had laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and 95% stated that they would recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy to other patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that patients with acalculous gallbladder disease benefit from laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  (+info)

Constancy and variability of gallbladder ejection fraction: impact on diagnosis and therapy. (2/30)

The main objective of this study was to test the constancy and variability of gallbladder (GB) ejection fraction (EF) in long-term studies to (a) determine whether EF ever becomes normal once it is low, (b) determine how long it takes for the EF to become abnormal once it is found to be normal, (c) explore the cause of low EF, and (d) define objective parameters for biliary and nonbiliary abdominal pain. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (42 women, 10 men) who underwent quantitative cholescintigraphy twice (total studies, 104), over a mean period of 38.54 mo between studies, were chosen for retrospective analysis. They were divided into the following groups: control (n = 13; nonbiliary abdominal pain), chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC) (n = 27; biliary abdominal pain), chronic calculous cholecystitis (CCC) (n = 6; biliary abdominal pain), and opioid (n = 6; nonbiliary abdominal pain). The last group had received an opioid before cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) infusion in one study but not in the other study. A GBEF value of > or =35% was considered normal with a 3-min infusion and > or =50% as normal with a 10-min infusion of CCK-8. RESULTS: The mean GBEF value was reproducible between the 2 sequential studies in the control group (66.0% +/- 20.5% vs. 73.9% +/- 17.7%), CAC group (24.4% +/- 22.3% vs. 16.9% +/- 10.9%), and CCC group (20.8% +/- 20.9% vs. 27.5% +/- 34.5%) but not in the opioid group (14.8% +/- 14.6% vs. 56.5% +/- 31.7%). The severity of GBEF reduction in CAC increased with time: 7.2% +/- 8.1% within 12 mo, 16.1% +/- 14.9% in 13-47 mo, and 23.5% +/- 21.3% in 48-168 mo. None of the 27 patients with CAC developed a gallstone as detected by ultrasound during the study period. In 5 patients with CAC, a mean period of 52.6 +/- 28.9 mo was required for conversion from normal to a low EF. CCK-induced cystic duct spasm is the etiology for low EF in both CAC and CCC. CONCLUSION: Normal and low GBEF values are reproducible in long-term studies. Once the EF reaches a low value, it does not return to normal, and a normal value requires many years to become abnormal. CCK-induced cystic duct spasm is the cause of low GBEF in CAC and CCC, and the severity of EF reduction is similar for both. Exclusion of opioid intake immediately before the study is critical before attributing a low GBEF value to an irreversible GB motor dysfunction.  (+info)

Corn oil emulsion: a simple cholecystagogue for diagnosis of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. (3/30)

This study investigated the use of a corn oil emulsion as an inexpensive alternative to sincalide in the scintigraphic diagnosis of chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC). METHODS: Thirty patients with abdominal or right upper quadrant pain underwent (99m)Tc-disofenin hepatobiliary imaging for 60 min. After gallbladder filling, 30 mL of corn oil emulsion were administered orally to all patients followed by dynamic imaging for an additional 60 min in all patients and for 90 min in 26 patients. Gallbladder emptying kinetics were determined with gallbladder ejection fractions calculated at 30, 60, and 90 min. The results were compared with histopathologic or clinical follow-up data. RESULTS: Corn oil emulsion was found to be palatable and free of side effects in all patients. Seven of the 30 patients had histopathologic evidence of CAC, whereas the remaining 23 did not have evidence of gallbladder disease based on clinical follow-up. The 30-, 60-, and 90-min gallbladder ejection fractions were determined to be 25% +/- 22% (mean +/- SD), 47% +/- 28%, and 62% +/- 29%, respectively. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis showed that the 60-min gallbladder ejection fraction best distinguished between CAC and non-gallbladder disease with an area under the curve of 0.963. A 60-min gallbladder ejection fraction of < or = 20% had 100% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 88% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 97% overall accuracy for the diagnosis of CAC. CONCLUSION: Standardized corn oil emulsion appears to be an adequate and well-tolerated gallbladder stimulant. Based on receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, a 60-min gallbladder ejection fraction of < or = 20% using this simple cholecystagogue results in high diagnostic accuracy for CAC.  (+info)

Changes in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle Ca2+ homeostasis by acute acalculous cholecystitis. (4/30)

Impaired smooth muscle contractility is a hallmark of acute acalculous cholecystitis. Although free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) is a critical step in smooth muscle contraction, possible alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis by cholecystitis have not been elucidated. Our aim was to elucidate changes in the Ca2+ signaling pathways induced by this gallbladder dysfunction. [Ca2+]i was determined by epifluorescence microscopy in fura 2-loaded isolated gallbladder smooth muscle cells, and isometric tension was recorded from gallbladder muscle strips. F-actin content was quantified by confocal microscopy. Ca2+ responses to the inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) mobilizing agonist CCK and to caffeine, an activator of the ryanodine receptors, were impaired in cholecystitic cells. This impairment was not the result of a decrease in the size of the releasable pool. Inflammation also inhibited Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels and capacitative Ca2+ entry induced by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools. In addition, the pharmacological phenotype of these channels was altered in cholecystitic cells. Inflammation impaired contractility further than Ca2+ signal attenuation, which could be related to the decrease in F-actin that was detected in cholecystitic smooth muscle cells. These findings indicate that cholecystitis decreases both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in gallbladder smooth muscle, but a loss in the sensitivity of the contractile machinery to Ca2+ may also be responsible for the impairment in gallbladder contractility.  (+info)

Acute acalculous cholecystitis: a rare complication of typhoid fever. (5/30)

Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a very rare complication of typhoid fever, and may be due to multi-drug resistant and virulent forms of Salmonella infection. It is particularly rare in adults. A 21-year-old woman, presenting with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, was found to have acute acalculous cholecystitis due to typhoid fever on basis of ultrasonographical findings and a positive Widal's test for Salmonella typhi. She was treated with antibiotics and made a full recovery.  (+info)

Unusual cases of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis: Tokyo Guidelines. (6/30)

Unusual cases of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis include (1) pediatric biliary tract infections, (2) geriatric biliary tract infections, (3) acalculous cholecystitis, (4) acute and intrahepatic cholangitis accompanying hepatolithiasis (5) acute biliary tract infection accompanying malignant pancreatic-biliary tumor, (6) postoperative biliary tract infection, (7) acute biliary tract infection accompanying congenital biliary dilatation and pancreaticobiliary maljunction, and (8) primary sclerosing cholangitis. Pediatric biliary tract infection is characterized by great differences in causes from those of adult acute biliary tract infection, and severe cases should be immediately referred to a specialist pediatric surgical unit. Because biliary tract infection in elderly patients, who often have serious systemic conditions and complications, is likely to progress to a serious form, early surgery or biliary drainage is necessary. Acalculous cholangitis, which often occurs in patients with serious concomitant conditions, such as those in intensive care units (ICUs) and those with disturbed cardiac, pulmonary, and nephric function, has a high mortality and poor prognosis. Cholangitis accompanying hepatolithiasis includes recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, an epidemic disease in Southeast Asia. Biliary tract infections, which often occur after a biliary tract operation and treatment of the biliary tract, may have a fatal outcome, and should be carefully observed. The causes of acute cholangitis associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction differ before and after operation. Direct cholangiography is most useful in the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. If cholangiography visualizes a typical bile duct, differentiation from acute pyogenic cholangitis is easy. This article discusses the individual characteristics, diagnostic criteria, treatment guidelines, and prognosis of these unusual types of biliary tract infection.  (+info)

A case report of dengue virus infection and acalculous cholecystitis in a pregnant returning traveler. (7/30)

Dengue viral infections present a significant risk during pregnancy to both mother and fetus. A young woman at 13 weeks' gestation presented with fever and abdominal pain following a diarrheal illness after returning from Puerto Rico. Over the course of 5 days, she developed nausea, petechiae, severe thrombocytopenia, and acalculous cholecystitis. After a serologic diagnosis of acute infection with dengue virus, she was provided supportive care. An uncomplicated pregnancy led to delivery of a healthy infant at 40 weeks gestation. Travel during pregnancy to dengue-endemic areas poses a risk to both mother and fetus. Pregnancies complicated by dengue infection require close monitoring for potential maternal and fetal complications.  (+info)

Oerskovia turbata and Myroides species: rare isolates from a case of acalculus cholecystitis. (8/30)

Here we report a case of acalculus cholecystitis, which presented with features of obstructive jaundice of one-week duration. The patient underwent cholecystectomy and bile grew a mixed culture of Oerskovia turbata and Myroides spp. Being a rare isolate, characteristic features of the former are described in this report. The patient recovered without any complication.  (+info)

Acalculous cholecystitis is a form of inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs in the absence of gallstones, which are commonly associated with gallbladder inflammation. It mainly affects critically ill or debilitated patients and can be caused by various factors such as bacterial or viral infection, reduced blood flow to the gallbladder, and injury to the bile ducts.

The symptoms of acalculous cholecystitis may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. The diagnosis is often made through imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan, which may show gallbladder wall thickening, fluid accumulation around the gallbladder, and other signs of inflammation.

Treatment typically involves antibiotics to manage infection, intravenous fluids, and pain management. In severe cases, cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder) may be necessary. If left untreated, acalculous cholecystitis can lead to serious complications such as gangrene, perforation of the gallbladder, and sepsis.

Cholecystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is a digestive fluid that helps break down fats in the small intestine during digestion.

Acute cholecystitis is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by the presence of gallstones that block the cystic duct, the tube that carries bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. This blockage can cause bile to build up in the gallbladder, leading to inflammation, swelling, and pain.

Chronic cholecystitis is a long-term inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis or the presence of gallstones that cause ongoing irritation and damage to the gallbladder wall. Over time, chronic cholecystitis can lead to thickening and scarring of the gallbladder wall, which can reduce its ability to function properly.

Symptoms of cholecystitis may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, often in the upper right or center of the abdomen, that may worsen after eating fatty foods; fever; nausea and vomiting; bloating and gas; and clay-colored stools. Treatment for cholecystitis typically involves antibiotics to treat any infection present, pain relief, and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). In some cases, a nonsurgical procedure called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used to remove gallstones from the bile duct.

Acute cholecystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) that develops suddenly (acute). The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located in the upper right part of the abdomen, beneath the liver. It stores bile, a digestive juice produced by the liver, which helps break down fats in the food we eat.

Acute cholecystitis occurs when the gallbladder becomes inflamed and irritated, often due to the presence of gallstones that block the cystic duct, the tube that carries bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine. When the cystic duct is obstructed, bile builds up in the gallbladder, causing it to become swollen, inflamed, and infected.

Symptoms of acute cholecystitis may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, often located in the upper right or middle part of the abdomen, that may radiate to the back or shoulder blade area. Other symptoms may include fever, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and abdominal tenderness or swelling.

Acute cholecystitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment may involve hospitalization, antibiotics to treat infection, pain relief medications, and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). In some cases, nonsurgical treatments such as endoscopic sphincterotomy or percutaneous cholecystostomy may be used to relieve obstruction and inflammation.

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located just under the liver in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive enzyme produced by the liver, which helps in the breakdown of fats during the digestion process. When food, particularly fatty foods, enter the stomach and small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile through the common bile duct into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, to aid in fat digestion.

The gallbladder is made up of three main parts: the fundus, body, and neck. It has a muscular wall that allows it to contract and release bile. Gallstones, an inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), or other gallbladder diseases can cause pain, discomfort, and potentially serious health complications if left untreated.

Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is not a medical condition, but rather a radiopharmaceutical used in diagnostic imaging. It is a radioactive tracer used in nuclear medicine scans, specifically for liver and biliary system imaging. The compound consists of the radioisotope Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bonded to the pharmaceutical Disofenin.

The Tc-99m is a gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours, making it ideal for diagnostic imaging. When administered to the patient, the compound is taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile ducts and gallbladder, allowing medical professionals to visualize these structures using a gamma camera. This can help detect various conditions such as tumors, gallstones, or obstructions in the biliary system.

It's important to note that Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin is used diagnostically and not for therapeutic purposes. The radiation exposure from this compound is generally low and considered safe for diagnostic use. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation, the benefits and risks should be carefully weighed and discussed with a healthcare professional.

Gallbladder diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function and structure of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. The primary role of the gallbladder is to store, concentrate, and release bile into the small intestine to aid in digesting fats. Gallbladder diseases can be chronic or acute and may cause various symptoms, discomfort, or complications if left untreated. Here are some common gallbladder diseases with brief definitions:

1. Cholelithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. Gallstones are small, hard deposits made of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both, which can vary in size from tiny grains to several centimeters.
2. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct (the tube connecting the gallbladder and the common bile duct) due to a gallstone. This condition can be acute or chronic and may cause abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
3. Choledocholithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the common bile duct, which can lead to obstruction, jaundice, and potential infection of the biliary system (cholangitis).
4. Acalculous gallbladder disease: Gallbladder dysfunction or inflammation without the presence of gallstones. This condition is often seen in critically ill patients and can lead to similar symptoms as cholecystitis.
5. Gallbladder polyps: Small growths attached to the inner wall of the gallbladder. While most polyps are benign, some may have malignant potential, especially if they are larger than 1 cm in size or associated with certain risk factors.
6. Gallbladder cancer: A rare form of cancer that originates in the gallbladder tissue. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages and can be challenging to diagnose. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, or a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if experiencing symptoms related to gallbladder disease for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Cholecystectomy is a medical procedure to remove the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located on the right side of the abdomen, just beneath the liver. The primary function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. During a cholecystectomy, the surgeon removes the gallbladder, usually due to the presence of gallstones or inflammation that can cause pain, infection, or other complications.

There are two primary methods for performing a cholecystectomy:

1. Open Cholecystectomy: In this traditional surgical approach, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to access and remove the gallbladder. This method is typically used when there are complications or unique circumstances that make laparoscopic surgery difficult or risky.
2. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: This is a minimally invasive surgical procedure where the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen, through which a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) and specialized surgical instruments are inserted. The surgeon then guides these tools to remove the gallbladder while viewing the internal structures on a video monitor.

After the gallbladder is removed, bile flows directly from the liver into the small intestine through the common bile duct, and the body continues to function normally without any significant issues.

Imino acids are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom as part of an amide-like structure. They are structurally similar to amino acids, which contain a carboxyl group and an amino group, but instead of the amino group, imino acids have a structural unit known as an imine or Schiff base, which is a carbon-nitrogen double bond with a hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen atom.

One example of an imino acid is proline, which is a cyclic imino acid that plays important roles in protein structure and function. Proline is unique among the 20 standard amino acids because its side chain is linked to the nitrogen atom of the backbone, forming a ring-like structure. This structural feature gives proline unique properties, such as restricted rotation around the bond between the nitrogen and alpha carbon atoms, which can affect protein folding and stability.

Other imino acids may be formed through chemical reactions or enzymatic processes, and they can play important roles in various biological pathways, including the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules. However, imino acids are not typically considered to be part of the standard set of 20 amino acids that make up proteins.

Biliary dyskinesia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal or impaired motility of the biliary system, which includes the gallbladder and the bile ducts. This can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, particularly after eating fatty foods.

In biliary dyskinesia, the gallbladder may not contract properly or may contract too much, leading to a backup of bile in the liver or bile ducts. This can cause inflammation and irritation of the biliary system and surrounding tissues.

The condition is often diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, nuclear medicine scans, or MRI, which can help assess gallbladder function and detect any abnormalities in the biliary system. Treatment for biliary dyskinesia may include medications to improve gallbladder motility, dietary modifications, or in some cases, surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Cholecystostomy is a medical procedure that involves the creation of an opening or fistula between the gallbladder and the stomach or the skin surface to drain bile from the gallbladder. This procedure is typically performed when there is an obstruction in the cystic duct or common bile duct, leading to inflammation or infection of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).

There are two types of cholecystostomy: percutaneous and open. Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a small tube through the skin and into the gallbladder under the guidance of imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scan. Open cholecystostomy, on the other hand, requires an open surgical incision to access the gallbladder and create the fistula.

Cholecystostomy is usually a temporary measure to manage acute cholecystitis in high-risk patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery or until they become stable enough to undergo a more definitive treatment, such as cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder).

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder using a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera, which allows the surgeon to view the internal structures on a video monitor. The surgery is performed through several small incisions in the abdomen, rather than a single large incision used in open cholecystectomy. This approach results in less postoperative pain, fewer complications, and shorter recovery time compared to open cholecystectomy.

The procedure is typically indicated for symptomatic gallstones or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard of care for gallbladder removal due to its minimally invasive nature and excellent outcomes.

Emphysematous cholecystitis is a type of acute inflammation of the gallbladder, characterized by the presence of gas within the wall and/or lumen of the gallbladder. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, which typically occurs in patients with diabetes or other underlying medical conditions that compromise their immune system.

The gas that accumulates in the gallbladder in emphysematous cholecystitis can come from several sources, including gas-forming bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli. These bacteria produce gas as a byproduct of their metabolism, which can lead to the formation of gas bubbles within the gallbladder.

The symptoms of emphysematous cholecystitis are similar to those of other forms of acute cholecystitis and may include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. However, the presence of gas within the gallbladder can be detected on imaging studies such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans, which can help to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of emphysematous cholecystitis typically involves surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy), often through a laparoscopic approach. Antibiotic therapy is also administered to treat any underlying bacterial infection. In severe cases, where the patient's condition is too unstable for surgery, percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder may be performed as a temporary measure to help reduce the risk of complications such as gangrene or perforation.

Gallbladder emptying refers to the process by which the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine through the bile duct. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. After eating, especially when fatty or greasy foods are consumed, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released into the bloodstream, which stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscle that controls the opening and closing of the bile duct. This allows the concentrated bile to flow from the gallbladder into the small intestine, where it helps break down fats for absorption.

Gallbladder emptying can be assessed through various diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound or cholescintigraphy (also known as a HIDA scan), which measures the rate and degree of gallbladder emptying in response to CCK stimulation. Abnormalities in gallbladder emptying can contribute to conditions such as gallstones, biliary dyskinesia, and other functional gallbladder disorders.

Gangrene is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a loss of blood flow to a specific area of the body, resulting in tissue death. It can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, trauma, diabetes, vascular diseases, and smoking. The affected tissues may become discolored, swollen, and emit a foul odor due to the accumulation of bacteria and toxins.

Gangrene can be classified into two main types: dry gangrene and wet (or moist) gangrene. Dry gangrene develops slowly and is often associated with peripheral arterial disease, which reduces blood flow to the extremities. The affected area turns black and shriveled as it dries out. Wet gangrene, on the other hand, progresses rapidly due to bacterial infections that cause tissue breakdown and pus formation. This type of gangrene can spread quickly throughout the body, leading to severe complications such as sepsis and organ failure if left untreated.

Treatment for gangrene typically involves surgical removal of the dead tissue (debridement), antibiotics to control infections, and sometimes revascularization procedures to restore blood flow to the affected area. In severe cases where the infection has spread or the damage is irreversible, amputation of the affected limb may be necessary to prevent further complications and save the patient's life.

Cholelithiasis is a medical term that refers to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. Gallstones are hardened deposits that can form in the gallbladder when substances in the bile, such as cholesterol or bilirubin, crystallize.

Gallstones can vary in size and may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. Some people with gallstones may not experience any symptoms, while others may have severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) if the gallstones block the bile ducts.

Cholelithiasis is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly women over the age of 40 and those with certain medical conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and rapid weight loss. If left untreated, gallstones can lead to serious complications such as inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), infection, or pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). Treatment options for cholelithiasis include medication, shock wave lithotripsy (breaking up the gallstones with sound waves), and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

In acalculous cholecystitis, no stone is in the biliary ducts. It accounts for 5-10% of all cases of cholecystitis and is ... The presentation of acalculous cholecystitis is similar to calculous cholecystitis. Patients are more likely to have yellowing ... Acalculous cholecystitis is typically seen in people who are hospitalized and critically ill. Males are more likely to develop ... Acalculous and postoperative cholecystitis. In: Surgical intensive care, Barie PS, Shires GT. (Eds), Little Brown & Co, Boston ...
Owen CC, Bilhartz LE (2003). "Gallbladder polyps, cholesterolosis, adenomyomatosis, and acute acalculous cholecystitis". Semin ...
Tucker RA, Jenkins HL (November 1984). "Acalculous cholecystitis and fever related to total parenteral nutrition". Drug ... Total parenteral nutrition increases the risk of acute cholecystitis due to complete disuse of the gastrointestinal tract, ...
The abdominal pain can be due to acalculous cholecystitis or inflammation of the pancreas. Rarely, the lymph nodes, liver, and ...
... pancreatic and biliary infection can involve acalculous cholecystitis, sclerosing cholangitis, papillary stenosis, or ...
They also argued that his sepsis was actually caused by post-traumatic acute acalculous cholecystitis. Based on the autopsy ... Pappas, Theodore N.; Joharifard, Shahrzad (July 8, 2013). "Did James A. Garfield die of cholecystitis? Revisiting the autopsy ... state that they don't believe that Garfield's doctors could have saved him even if they had been aware of his cholecystitis, ...
They also argued that his sepsis was actually caused by post-traumatic acute acalculous cholecystitis. Based on the autopsy ... Pappas, Theodore N.; Joharifard, Shahrzad (July 8, 2013). "Did James A. Garfield die of cholecystitis? Revisiting the autopsy ...
They also argued that his sepsis was actually caused by post-traumatic acute acalculous cholecystitis (inflammation of the ... 312-313 Pappas, Theodore N.; Joharifard, Shahrzad (July 8, 2013). "Did James A. Garfield die of cholecystitis? Revisiting the ...
... but occasionally due to acalculous cholecystitis or granulomatous appendicitis. The most serious complication of the vasculitic ...
Five to ten percent of acute cholecystitis occurs in people without gallstones, and for this reason, is called acalculous ... People with repeat episodes of acute cholecystitis can develop chronic cholecystitis from changes in the normal anatomy of the ... such as acute cholecystitis, that requires urgent surgery. Acute cholecystitis is the second most common cause of acute abdomen ... Pain in cholecystitis is similar to that of biliary colic, but lasts longer than six hours and occurs together with signs of ...
... cholecystitis MeSH C06.130.564.263.249 - acalculous cholecystitis MeSH C06.130.564.263.500 - cholecystitis, acute MeSH C06.130. ... 564.263.500.500 - emphysematous cholecystitis MeSH C06.130.564.332 - cholecystolithiasis MeSH C06.130.564.401 - gallbladder ...
A palpable tender gallbladder (hence the law cannot be applied) may be seen in acute acalculous cholecystitis, which commonly ... acute cholecystitis) and right upper quadrant abdominal pain (i.e., not Courvoisier's sign). Fibrosis of the gallbladder is ... another chronic process that occurs due to repeated acute inflammation (i.e., chronic cholecystitis), resulting in a shrunken, ...
... acalculous cholecystitis), cornea and uveal tract (keratouveitis), thyroids (thyroiditis), liver (hepatitis), retina (retinitis ...
Patients usually have normal vital signs with biliary colic, whereas patients with cholecystitis are usually febrile and more ... Furthermore, biliary pain may be associated with functional disorders of the biliary tract, so-called acalculous biliary pain ( ... Shakespear, J. S.; Shaaban, A. M.; Rezvani, M. (2010). "CT findings of acute cholecystitis and its complications". American ... Presence of infection indicates cholecystitis. It is unclear whether those experiencing a gallstone attack should receive ...
Duncan first recognized it in 1844 when a fatal case of acalculous cholecystitis complicating an incarcerated hernia was ... Acalculous cholecystitis is a severe illness that is a complication of various other medical or surgical conditions. ... encoded search term (Acalculous Cholecystitis) and Acalculous Cholecystitis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Acalculous cholecystitis has a slight male predominance, unlike calculous cholecystitis, which has a female predominance. ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC) is a rare complication of acute hepatitis B virus infection; only few cases are reported ... We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B ... Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Induced by Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Riyadh Ali Mohammed. ,1Wisam Ghadban. ,1and Osama ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder wall in the absence of stone or sludge [15], so the ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a pediatric dengue hemorrhagic fever patient: A case report, lesson learned from limited ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a pediatric dengue hemorrhagic fever patient: A case report, lesson learned from limited ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a pediatric dengue hemorrhagic fever patient: A case report, lesson learned from limited ... However, the incidence of abdominal pain as a clinical manifestation of DF, which refers to acalculous cholecystitis, is rare. ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis: a review.. Jason L Huffman, Steven Schenker. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2010 ... Although recognized for more than 150 years, acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) remains an elusive diagnosis. This is likely ...
Book Appointment Online, View Fees, Reviews Doctors for Acalculous Cholecystitis Treatment in Bangalore , Practo ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of demonstrated calculi (see the ... encoded search term (Acalculous Cholecystitis Imaging) and Acalculous Cholecystitis Imaging What to Read Next on Medscape ... As a result, some authors propose the term necrotizing cholecystitis to reflect the fact that acalculous cholecystitis does not ... Plain film radiography is of limited use in the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). Emphysematous cholecystitis ...
... Journal: The ... Among biliary pathology, chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC) occupies one of the central places. The important role of the ... all patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis were divided into three groups depending on the variant of impairment of the ...
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis. By Chroneos PC, Towbin RB, Schaefer CM, Towbin AJ ...
In acalculous cholecystitis, no stone is in the biliary ducts. It accounts for 5-10% of all cases of cholecystitis and is ... The presentation of acalculous cholecystitis is similar to calculous cholecystitis. Patients are more likely to have yellowing ... Acalculous cholecystitis is typically seen in people who are hospitalized and critically ill. Males are more likely to develop ... Acalculous and postoperative cholecystitis. In: Surgical intensive care, Barie PS, Shires GT. (Eds), Little Brown & Co, Boston ...
... ... Acalculous cholecystitis is rare in children. It has an uneventful course and usually recovers in two to three weeks. Exact ... Pleural effusion, acalculous cholecystitis and ascites are extremely rare extrahepatic complications. Pleural effusion or ... A Rare Case of Childhood Hepatitis A Infection with Bilateral Pleural Effusion Acalculous Cholecystitis and Massive Ascites. ...
1α were compared in gallbladders from patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC; n = 30) and acute calculous ... cholecystitis (ACC; n = 21), and from patients undergoing surgery for other reasons (normal gallbladders; n = 9), which were ... apoptosis in acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAX), acute calculous cholecystitis (AXX) and normal gallbladder. In each group, ... From: Cellular turnover and expression of hypoxic-inducible factor in acute acalculous and calculous cholecystitis ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. by ihsanalur ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery için yorumlar kapalı ... Tags: Acute acalculouscholecystitis in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Related Posts:. Low-Grade ...
... Patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) often present with acute abdominal symptoms. However, recent clinical ... Is conservative management a safe approach for patients with acute acalculous cholecystiti ...
... including cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), and travelers diarrhea, and other clinical ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis. Infect Dis Prac. 1997. 21:70-1. *. Cunha BA. Acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis. Infect ... E coli cholecystitis/cholangitis manifests as the classic Charcot triad of fever, pain, and jaundice in 70% of cases. Fever is ... Cholecystitis may be difficult to distinguish from cholangitis, however both may manifest with significant fever (,102*F), and ...
Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the cystic duct (ie, calculous cholecystitis), with the other 10% of cases ... Cholecystitis is defined as inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic ... calculous cholecystitis), with the other 10% of cases representing acalculous cholecystitis. [2] ... mortality observed in patients with calculous cholecystitis. In patients who are critically ill with acalculous cholecystitis ...
acute calculous cholecystitis - acalculous cholecystitis - cholecystostomy - percutaneous drainage Acute cholecystitis can ... of acalculous cholecystitis (AC) cases are associated with gallstones. In the remaining 10% of cases, cholecystitis occurs in ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis: incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Am Surg 1998; 64 (5) 471-475 ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis: incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Am Surg 1998; 64 (5) 471-475 ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis due to infectious causes. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021; 9(23): 6674-6685 doi: 10.12998/ ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis in children. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018; 24(43): 4870-4879 doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24. ... Septic cholecystitis in a goat. Veterinary Record Case Reports 2022; 10(3) doi: 10.1002/vrc2.419 ...
Acute hepatitis a virus (HAV) infection associated with acalculous cholecystitis Authors: Hasosah, M. , Althobaiti, K. , ... Surgical laprotomy for acalculous cholecystitis was avoided after resolving HAV infection. Keywords: Acute HAV infection, ... Abstract: The occurrence of acute acalculous cholecystitis during hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is very rare. Here we ... During follow up, his abdominal ultrasonography showed thickness of the gallbladder demonstrated acalculous cholecystitis. ...
Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a condition that may be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if not diagnosed ... Symptoms of acute acalculous cholecystitis include abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, fever, nausea, and vomiting. ... LEMTRADA may increase the risk of acute acalculous cholecystitis. In controlled clinical studies, 0.2% of LEMTRADA-treated MS ... During postmarketing use, additional cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis have been reported in LEMTRADA-treated patients. ...
Gastrointestinal system disorders: Cholecystitis, including acalculous cholecystitis and acute acalculous cholecystitis. * ... May increase risk of acute acalculous cholecystitis; symptoms of acute acalculous cholecystitis include abdominal pain, ... Gastrointestinal: Acute acalculous cholecystitis. *Immune disorders: Goodpastures syndrome, Graves disease, aplastic anemia, ... if acute acalculous cholecystitis is suspected, evaluate and treat promptly. *In postmarketing setting, cases of ...
Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common and potentially life-threatening condition. While early cholecystectomy (surgical removal ... Cholecystostomy offers no survival benefit in patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis and severe sepsis and shock. J Surg ... We used the following search terms: acute cholecystitis OR severe cholecystitis OR cholecystitis AND cholecystectomy OR ... Cholecystostomy offers no survival benefit in patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis and severe sepsis and shock. J Surg ...
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis in a Child with Primary EBV Infection. Lina Hadj Smaine, DO Department of Family Medicine and ...
Título: Gastroenteritis and acalculous cholecystitis in a 34 years-old man Revista: ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA ...
... leading to bile stasis and potentially acalculous cholecystitis. During one study that included severely septic ICU patients, a ...
... cholecystectomy is rarely needed as these can be successfully treated as conservatively managed acalculous cholecystitis. ...
Be able to recognize the sonographic findings of gangrenous, acalculous, and emphysematous cholecystitis. ... Understand the demographics, pathophysiology, risk factors, and signs and symptoms of gangrenous, acalculous, and emphysematous ...
... and acalculous cholecystitis. Since cyclospora infections tend to respond to the appropriate treatment, complications are more ...
Acalculous gallbladder disease is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs without the presence of gallstones. Having a ... Untreated cholecystitis can cause tissue in the gallbladder to die (gangrene). Its the most common complication, especially ... In most cases, an attack of cholecystitis lasts 2 to 3 days. Each persons symptoms may vary. Symptoms may include: Intense, ...
  • The condition causes approximately 5%-10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis and is usually associated with more serious morbidity and higher mortality rates than calculous cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] ). In addition, acalculous cholecystitis is associated with a higher incidence of gangrene and perforation compared to calculous disease. (medscape.com)
  • Acalculous cholecystitis has a slight male predominance, unlike calculous cholecystitis, which has a female predominance. (medscape.com)
  • The reported mortality range is 10%-50% for acalculous cholecystitis as compared to 1% for calculous cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • Provided are scatter plots showing epithelial cell (a) proliferation and (b) apoptosis in acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAX), acute calculous cholecystitis (AXX) and normal gallbladder. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For most patients with acute calculous cholecystitis, surgical removal of the gallbladder is the preferred treatment option. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Surgical intervention is less certain for the critically ill, elderly, or debilitated patients with calculous or acalculous cholecystitis (AC). (thieme-connect.de)
  • 1 ] Acute AC is a manifestation of a systemic response as compared with acute calculous cholecystitis, which is more likely due to a local inflammatory process and is more commonly encountered in young, otherwise healthy women. (thieme-connect.de)
  • 5 ] The mortality rate of acute AC is high, ranging from 10 to 50%, compared with a 1% mortality rate in patients with calculous cholecystitis. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Acute cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, can be classified as calculous (associated with gallstones) or acalculous. (uab.edu)
  • In seven cases of calculous cholecystitis, two underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and one underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The death and the severe case have similar characteristics of low BMI, multiple underlying diseases, high plasma osmotic pressure and calculous cholecystitis, which occurred after orthopaedic surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calculous cholecystitis 9(50%) in patients, acalculous cholecystitis 8(44.4%) and a patient with carcinoma of the gallbladder were offered cholecystectomy. (annalsafrmed.org)
  • Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of the presence of stones in the gallbladder or an obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones arising from the gallbladder (cholelithiasis). (medscape.com)
  • 90% of acalculous cholecystitis (AC) cases are associated with gallstones. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Acute cholecystitis can arise in two distinct patient populations: (1) the relatively healthy ambulatory patient who develops acute inflammation of the gallbladder as a result of gallstones and (2) the critically ill, hospitalized patient who may or may not have gallstones. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Fig. 1 Ultrasound image demonstrated gallbladder wall thickening (white asterisk) and gallstones (black arrow) consistent with acute calculus cholecystitis. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Acalculous gallbladder disease is inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs without the presence of gallstones. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
  • Symptoms are similar to acute cholecystitis with gallstones. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
  • Cholecystitis without gallstones is called acalculous cholecystitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Infrequently, acute cholecystitis may present itself without gallstones and this is referred to as acute acalculous cholecystitis . (gcus.com)
  • symptomatic gallstones are common before developing cholecystitis. (bmj.com)
  • Acute cholecystitis is acute inflammation of the gallbladder, and is one of the major complications of cholelithiasis (the presence of gallstones). (bmj.com)
  • Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents inflammation of the gallbladder in the absence of demonstrated calculi (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. (wikipedia.org)
  • Complications of acute cholecystitis include gallstone pancreatitis, common bile duct stones, or inflammation of the common bile duct. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the inflammation, its size can be felt from the outside of the body in 25-50% of people with cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Untreated cholecystitis can lead to worsened inflammation and infected bile that can lead to a collection of pus inside the gallbladder, also known as empyema. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inflammation of cholecystitis can lead to adhesions between the gallbladder and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 95% of cases, inflammation or acute cholecystitis of the gallbladder, results from obstructive stones within the neck of gallbladder or cystic duct. (gcus.com)
  • In most cases (90%), acute cholecystitis is caused by obstruction of the cystic duct due to a stone in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct, which leads to inflammation within the gallbladder wall. (bmj.com)
  • Gallbladder wall ischemia that occurs because of a low-flow state due to fever, dehydration, or heart failure may also play a role in the pathogenesis of acalculous cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • Among biliary pathology, chronic acalculous cholecystitis (CAC) occupies one of the central places. (researchbib.com)
  • Often gallbladder attacks (biliary colic) precede acute cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • If untreated, about 20% of people with biliary colic develop acute cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • People with cholecystitis most commonly have symptoms of biliary colic before developing cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction and biliary leakage. (bmj.com)
  • Due to the similarity of symptoms, it is sometimes difficult to make a differential diagnosis between a biliary system disease, such as acute cholecystitis, and cardiovascular disorders [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Emphysematous cholecystitis, which can occur as a complication of acute cholecystitis, is seen in the images below. (medscape.com)
  • Abdominal radiograph of acalculous emphysematous cholecystitis demonstrating curvilinear air pattern conforming to the shape of the gallbladder wall. (medscape.com)
  • CT images of emphysematous cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • Be able to recognize the sonographic findings of gangrenous, acalculous, and emphysematous cholecystitis. (iame.com)
  • Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral mild pleural effusion, gall bladder wall thickening of 5 mm suggestive of acalculous cholecystitis, severe free fluid in abdomen and hepatomegaly [Figure 1]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Most cases of acute cholecystitis are diagnosed clinically, via ultrasound, or via radionuclide hepatobiliary scan. (uab.edu)
  • The ultrasound findings were consistent with an acute acalculous cholecystitis, but were interpreted as dengue associated gallbladder wall thickening (GBWT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present a 23-year-old woman with ultrasound findings of marked acute cholecystitis associated with dengue fever after her return to Germany from Thailand and discuss the challenges of managing this condition in a low-incidence country. (biomedcentral.com)
  • four patients had ultrasound evidence of acalculous cholecystitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Besides cholecystectomy (CC), percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) has been recommended for the management of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • The benefit of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) over cholecystectomy (CC) in the management of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis could not be proven in this systematic review. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • While early cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gallbladder independent of the means of access) has been unequivocally established as the gold standard for the management of young and fit for surgery patients with AC ( 1 3 ), the optimal management of critically ill and elderly patients with acute cholecystitis remains a topic of discussion. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • The aim of this systematic review therefore was to investigate the clinical benefit of PC in the management of critically ill patients with acute cholecystitis by comparing the outcomes of critically ill patients managed with PC to those of similar patients managed with cholecystectomy (CC). The null hypothesis assumed there is no difference amongst both interventions with regard to outcomes. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • We used the following search terms: acute cholecystitis OR severe cholecystitis OR cholecystitis AND cholecystectomy OR laparoscopic cholecystectomy OR open cholecystectomy AND Cholecystostomy OR percutaneous cholecystectomy OR gallbladder drain OR gallbladder tube OR transhepatic gallbladder drain OR transhepatic gallbladder tube OR cholecystostomy tube. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • To investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cholecystoduodenal stent (CDS) placement to prevent recurrence of acute cholecystitis in patients who were unfit for cholecystectomy. (dirjournal.org)
  • The standard treatment of acute cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, carries risks of general anesthesia and surgery. (dirjournal.org)
  • 2,9,10,11,12,13 This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous CDS placement for patients with acute cholecystitis who are unfit for cholecystectomy and to assess its clinical outcomes. (dirjournal.org)
  • [5] , [6] However, cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are common in developed countries, thus making cholecystectomy one of the most common operation. (annalsafrmed.org)
  • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for suspected acalculous cholecystitis. (practicalgastro.com)
  • All patients were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis based on right upper abdominal tenderness, laboratory findings, and imaging studies, including ultrasonography or computed tomography, and were treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy. (dirjournal.org)
  • We analyzed the clinical characteristic of the cardiac patients who were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during hospitalization in the cardiology department. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the department database, we identified 16 patients who were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during the hospitalization in the cardiology department between June 2010 and June 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adams-Stokes syndrome, one patient) owing to their symptoms were subsequently diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 11 remaining cardiac patients were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during their hospitalization or at the time of admission. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From the database, we identified 18 patients who were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis during their hospitalization in the cardiology department. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients aged 65 years and older who underwent femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture surgery in our hospital from January 1, 2018, to April 30, 2023, and whose discharge diagnoses included acute cholecystitis were included in this retrospective analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cholecystitis is suspected based on symptoms and laboratory testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The symptoms of empyema are similar to uncomplicated cholecystitis but greater severity: high fever, severe abdominal pain, more severely elevated white blood count. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) often present with acute abdominal symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Symptoms associated with the onset of acute cholecystitis include progressive right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, mild fever, anorexia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and nausea and vomiting. (uab.edu)
  • What are symptoms of cholecystitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • Older people (over age 55) may have different symptoms for acute cholecystitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acute cholecystitis sometimes displays symptoms and electrocardiographic changes mimicking cardiovascular problems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acute cholecystitis was diagnosed by imaging modalities that were performed owing to suspected accompanying clinical symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain, and abnormalities in hepatobiliary and/or inflammatory laboratory data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on the results of a comprehensive clinical, laboratory, biochemical and instrumental examination, all patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis were divided into three groups depending on the variant of impairment of the motor-kinetic function of the gallbladder. (researchbib.com)
  • Without treatment, chronic cholecystitis may occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rupture can also occur in cases of chronic cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholecystitis can happen suddenly (acute) or repeatedly over time (chronic). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chronic cholecystitis is caused by repeated acute attacks that results in thickening of the wall and gallbladder contraction. (gcus.com)
  • Sonographically, chronic cholecystitis will appear as a small contracted gallbladder containing stones. (gcus.com)
  • 1%) form of cholecystitis where gas-forming bacteria invades the gallbladder wall, lumen, and occasionally the bile ducts. (gcus.com)
  • This review will discuss the current role of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in the management acute cholecystitis. (thieme-connect.de)
  • men = 15] with acute cholecystitis who were unfit for surgery underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy followed by a CDS placement in two institutions. (dirjournal.org)
  • The incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis was also greater in the AAC than in ACC (31.2% vs 5.6%, respectively). (medscape.com)
  • Gangrenous cholecystitis is a rare form of acute cholecystitis which is often indistinguishable from acute cholecystitis. (uab.edu)
  • Gangrenous cholecystitis differs from acute cholecystitis due to the presence of intramural hemorrhage, micro abscesses, and necrosis. (gcus.com)
  • More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is caused from blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone. (wikipedia.org)
  • You can get an attack of cholecystitis when a gallstone blocks your cystic duct. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acute cholecystitis is usually initiated by obstruction of the cystic duct or outlet of the gallbladder. (gcus.com)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14625840?tool=bestpractice.com In 5% of cases, bile inspissation (due to dehydration) or bile stasis (due to trauma or severe systemic illness) can block the cystic duct, causing acalculous cholecystitis. (bmj.com)
  • A much higher rate of complications is observed in patients with acalculous cholecystitis (eg, gangrene, perforation) because of the more fulminant course and coexistent disease. (medscape.com)
  • Complications include the following: Gangrene Gallbladder rupture Empyema Fistula formation and gallstone ileus Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses Cholecystitis causes the gallbladder to become distended and firm. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the time the diagnosis has been made, at least half of the patients experience a cholecystitis-related complication such as gangrene or a confined perforation of the gallbladder. (thieme-connect.de)
  • Untreated cholecystitis can cause tissue in the gallbladder to die (gangrene). (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
  • Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a pediatric dengue hemorrhagic fever patient: A case report, lesson learned from limited resource setting. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Although the exact mechanisms are poorly understood, laboratory data mimicking cardiovascular disease, such as elevation of cardiac troponin [ 4 ] and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) data suggestive of ischemic heart disease [ 1 , 5 ], may also occur among patients with cholecystitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pain becomes severe and constant in cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most sensitive sonographic finding in acute cholecystitis is the presence of cholelithiasis in combination with the sonographic Murphy's sign (abdominal tenderness from pressure of the transducer over visualized gallbladder). (gcus.com)
  • Plain film radiography is of limited use in the diagnosis of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). (medscape.com)
  • MRI, often with IV gadolinium-based contrast medium, is also a possible secondary choice for confirming a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • The prognosis of patients with acalculous cholecystitis is guarded. (medscape.com)
  • CT scanning is a secondary imaging test that can identify extrabiliary disorders and complications of acute cholecystitis when US has not yielded a clear diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • the incidence of ACC is about 5-15% of all cases of cholecystitis, of which 47% occur after surgical procedure, and the other percentage due to prolonged immobilization, starvation for a long time, and sepsis [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although it is unusual for acalculous cholecystitis to occur in patients with a normal gallbladder, on US and cholescintigraphy examinations, the gallbladder may be found to be normal early in the course of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • more than one half of such cases occur in the setting of acalculous disease. (medscape.com)
  • A number of complications may occur from cholecystitis if not detected early or properly treated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our patient presented with acute, anicteric hepatitis clinically mimicking acute cholecystitis. (practicalgastro.com)
  • Treinen C, Lomelin D, Krause C, Goede M, Oleynikov D. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically ill: risk factors and surgical strategies. (medscape.com)
  • Acalculous cholecystitis can be observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although it is a late manifestation of this disease. (medscape.com)
  • We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection, and she recovered within one week of her presentation without complication or surgical intervention. (hindawi.com)
  • Cholecystitis can also be caused by infection or tumors in the gallbladder, but these are rare. (msdmanuals.com)
  • GBWT in dengue virus infection mimicking acute cholecystitis is a differential diagnosis one should take into consideration in travellers returning from endemic areas and should be managed conservatively because of an high risk of bleeding and increased mortality under surgical therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The absence of physical findings, however, does not rule out the diagnosis of cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • Three separate papers published online in Neurology on March 30 describe eight cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC), two cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and one occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), all linked to the drug. (medscape.com)
  • Acalculous cholecystitis typically occurs as a secondary event in patients who are hospitalized and are acutely ill with another disease. (medscape.com)
  • Occasionally, acute cholecystitis occurs as a result of vasculitis or chemotherapy, or during recovery from major trauma or burns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nausea is common and vomiting occurs in 75% of people with cholecystitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acalculous cholecystitis makes up only 5-10% of all acute cholecystitis presentations and typically occurs in unwell patients with comorbidity. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • Tana M, Tana C, Cocco G, Iannetti G, Romano M, Schiavone C. Acute acalculous cholecystitis and cardiovascular disease: a land of confusion. (medscape.com)
  • However, the incidence of abdominal pain as a clinical manifestation of DF, which refers to acalculous cholecystitis, is rare. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The most common presenting symptom of acute cholecystitis is upper abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
  • CT scanning with intravenous (IV) contrast medium is useful in diagnosing acute cholecystitis in patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. (medscape.com)
  • Acalculous cholecystitis comprises approximately 5-10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis. (medscape.com)
  • In cases of mild, uncomplicated acute cholecystitis, outpatient treatment may be appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases, an attack of cholecystitis lasts 2 to 3 days. (bloodraynebetrayal.com)
  • We reviewed 10 cases with confirmed diagnoses of acute cholecystitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The median onset time of acute cholecystitis was five days (2-14 days) after fracture, including five cases before orthopaedic surgery and five cases after orthopaedic surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our 10 cases with hip fractures accompanied by acute cholecystitis have common characteristics of poor-to-moderate functional capacity before fracture, increased blood glucose levels and enhanced protein metabolism after fracture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pain lasts longer in cholecystitis than in a typical gallbladder attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • Between April 2016 and January 2022, patients that presented with acute cholecystitis and were ineligible for surgery were candidates for the placement of a CDS. (dirjournal.org)
  • One should be familiar with the CT scan signs that suggest acalculous cholecystitis in the appropriate clinical setting (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • En mayo de 2007 obtuve el Certificate of Training in Molecular Biological Techniques en el Department of Molecular Biology y desde Junio de 2008 a Junio de 2009 completé el Certificate in Clinical Research en el Center for Translational Science Activities en Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester Minnesota. (unav.edu)
  • Un 40% de esos trabajos han sido publicados en revistas del primer cuartil entre las que destacan New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet, Lancet Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Journal Clinical Microbiology, Journal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Mayo Clinic Proceedings y Malaria Journal. (unav.edu)
  • Further, the clinical characteristics of post-traumatic acute cholecystitis are different from those of primary cholecystitis, which has a high missed diagnosis rate and high mortality rate [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the National Centre for Orthopaedics, we believe that summarising and sharing the clinical characteristics of perioperative acute cholecystitis in older patients with hip fracture in our hospital is representative and necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The incidence of acute cholecystitis in our study was 0.13%, with a high risk of in-hospital mortality and elevated hospitalisation costs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with E coli cholecystitis or cholangitis develop right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, fever, and jaundice [Charcot's Triad]. (medscape.com)
  • Without appropriate treatment, recurrent episodes of cholecystitis are common. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two patients experienced recurrent cholecystitis during a 113-day follow-up (range, 3-1,723). (dirjournal.org)
  • CDS placement could be a safe and effective treatment for preventing recurrent cholecystitis in surgically ineligible patients. (dirjournal.org)
  • No radiodense stones are present, consistent with acalculous cholecystitis. (thieme-connect.de)