Acromegaly
Human Growth Hormone
Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma
Pituitary Neoplasms
Octreotide
Somatostatin
Gigantism
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Growth Hormone
Bromocriptine
Adenoma, Acidophil
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Receptors, Somatotropin
Peptides, Cyclic
Adenoma, Chromophobe
Prolactinoma
Hyperprolactinemia
Pituitary Gland
Macroglossia
Sphenoid Bone
Hormones
Hypercementosis
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
Glucose Tolerance Test
Hormone Antagonists
Hypophysectomy
Neurosurgery restores late GH rise after glucose-induced suppression in cured acromegalics. (1/672)
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: A decrease of GH levels below 2 microg/l after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is still currently accepted as the gold standard for assessing cure in surgically treated acromegaly. Whether glucose-induced suppression of GH is accompanied by a restoration of normal GH late rebound has not yet been evaluated in this disease. In order to assess the restoration of normal GH regulation after removal of a pituitary adenoma, we have evaluated GH changes after an OGTT in a series of selected acromegalic patients (transsphenoidal surgery and lack of pituitary failure). METHODS: Twenty-nine patients (13 male, 16 female, age range 27-70 years) entered the study. Their neuroradiological imaging before neurosurgery showed microadenoma in 7, intrasellar macroadenoma in 8 and macroadenoma with extrasellar extension in 14. Plasma GH levels were assayed up to 300 min after glucose administration (75 g p.o.) and IGF-I on basal samples. RESULTS: Basal GH levels were below 5 microg/l in 20 patients and below 2 microg/l in 5 of these. Normal age-adjusted IGF-I levels were observed in 12 patients. GH values were suppressed below 2 microg/l during an OGTT in 13 patients, and below 1 microg/l in 7 of these. In 9 patients out of these 13, a marked rise in GH levels occurred after nadir. Baseline and nadir GH values of these 9 patients were not different from the corresponding values of the other 4 patients without OGTT-induced late GH peaks. CONCLUSIONS: GH rebound after GH nadir occurs in acromegalic patients considered as cured on the basis of OGTT-induced GH suppression and/or IGF-I normalization. The restoration of this physiological response could be regarded as a marker of recovered/preserved integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Even though the reason for this GH rebound has not yet been elucidated (GHRH discharge?/end of somatostatin inhibition?), the lack of late GH peak in the patients regarded as cured by the usual criteria could be due to injury to the pituitary stalk caused by the adenoma or by surgical manipulation. (+info)Kleine-Levin and Munchausen syndromes in a patient with recurrent acromegaly. (2/672)
Hypothalamic disease often affects the patients' personality and this also applies to pituitary tumors with suprasellar extension. We report on a patient with a 12-year history of recurrent acromegaly, treated with three transphenoidal operations, single field radiation therapy and bromocriptine/octreotide administration. During the course of follow-up she presented with self-inflicted anemia and Kleine-Levin syndrome (hypersomnia, hyperphagia and hypersexuality). Furthermore, she developed post-radiation necrosis within the right temporal lobe. Whether her neurological and personality disorders result - at least partially - from the acromegaly or the temporal lobe necrosis remains unclear. (+info)Growth in Sotos syndrome. (3/672)
Although there are several reports on infant and childhood growth in patients with Sotos syndrome, there is little information on the final height achieved and puberty. Growth data on 40 patients (20 female and 20 male) aged 2-31 years were collected. These showed that patients with Sotos syndrome are excessively tall at birth, during infancy, and during childhood. Disproportionately long limbs constitute much of the increase in stature. However, the combination of advanced bone age and early onset of menarche led to a mean (SD) final height of 172.9 (5.7) cm in women. This is within the normal range for the population. Most of the men also attained a final height (mean, 184.3 cm; SD, 6.0) within the normal range, although exceptions were more likely in men than in women. Therefore, these results show that most patients with Sotos syndrome do not require intervention to limit their adult height. (+info)Cell death in acromegalic cardiomyopathy. (4/672)
BACKGROUND: Prolonged untreated acromegaly leads to a nonspecific myopathy characterized by ventricular dysfunction and failure. However, the mechanisms responsible for the alterations of cardiac pump function remain to be defined. Because cell death is implicated in most cardiac disease processes, the possibility has been raised that myocyte apoptosis may occur in the acromegalic heart, contributing to the deterioration of ventricular hemodynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten acromegalic patients with diastolic dysfunction and 4 also with systolic dysfunction were subjected to electrocardiography, Holter monitoring, 2-dimensional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, and biventricular and coronary angiography before surgical removal of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained and analyzed quantitatively in terms of tissue scarring and myocyte and nonmyocyte apoptosis. Myocardial samples from papillary muscles of patients who underwent valve replacement for mitral stenosis were used for comparison. The presence of apoptosis in myocytes and interstitial cells was determined by confocal microscopy with the use of 2 histochemical methods, consisting of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay and Taq probe in situ ligation. Acromegaly was characterized by a 495-fold and 305-fold increase in apoptosis of myocytes and nonmyocytes, respectively. The magnitude of myocyte apoptosis correlated with the extent of impairment in ejection fraction and the duration of the disease. A similar correlation was found with the magnitude of collagen accumulation, indicative of previous myocyte necrosis. Myocyte death was independent from the hormonal levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Apoptosis of interstitial cells did not correlate with ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Myocyte cell death, apoptotic and necrotic in nature, may be critical for the development of ventricular dysfunction and its progression to cardiac failure with acromegaly. (+info)Prolonged large bowel transit increases serum deoxycholic acid: a risk factor for octreotide induced gallstones. (5/672)
BACKGROUND: Treatment of acromegaly with octreotide increases the proportion of deoxycholic acid in, and the cholesterol saturation of, bile and induces the formation of gallstones. Prolongation of intestinal transit has been proposed as the mechanism for the increase in the proportion of deoxycholic acid in bile. AIMS: To study the effects of octreotide on intestinal transit in acromegalic patients during octreotide treatment, and to examine the relation between intestinal transit and bile acid composition in fasting serum. METHODS: Mouth to caecum and large bowel transit times, and the proportion of deoxycholic acid in fasting serum were measured in non-acromegalic controls, acromegalic patients untreated with octreotide, acromegalics on long term octreotide, and patients with simple constipation. Intestinal transit and the proportion of deoxycholic acid were compared in acromegalic patients before and during octreotide. RESULTS: Acromegalics untreated with octreotide had longer mouth to caecum and large bowel transit times than controls. Intestinal transit was further prolonged by chronic octreotide treatment. There were significant linear relations between large bowel transit time and the proportion of deoxycholic acid in the total, conjugated, and unconjugated fractions of fasting serum. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that, by prolonging large bowel transit, octreotide increases the proportion of deoxycholic acid in fasting serum (and, by implication, in bile) and thereby the risk of gallstone formation. (+info)Pituitary tumours in the elderly: a 20 year experience. (6/672)
The proportion of the elderly in the population is increasing, and the appreciation and management of medical problems in this age group will therefore become more important. We therefore decided to determine the clinical features and types of pituitary tumour presenting in the elderly, and to examine the treatment and outcome in this group. We conducted a retrospective case-note review from a specialist endocrine and neurosurgical unit in a tertiary referral centre. Eighty-four patients aged 65 years and over on diagnosis of a pituitary tumour were referred to the unit between 1975 and 1996. There were 45 males and 39 females, and the mean age was 72.4 years (range 65-86). Over half of the pituitary lesions were non-functioning adenomas (NFAs) (60.7%). GH-secreting tumours were present in 11 (13.1%) and macroprolactinomas in 7 (8.1%). Four patients had microadenomas and 17 had miscellaneous pituitary-related lesions. Visual deterioration was the commonest mode of presentation in 33 (39.3%), but 54 (64.3%) had evidence of visual impairment on detailed examination. Despite the majority of patients (80.8%) having coexisting medical conditions, trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed in 60 (71.4%) and was well tolerated with a zero peri- and post-operative mortality rate, and post-operative complications in 11 (13.1%). Pituitary tumours in the elderly are most frequently NFAs that present with visual deterioration and hypopituitarism. The fact that 46.5% were pan-hypopituitary on diagnosis and that 64.3% of patients had visual impairment suggests a delay in diagnosis in this age group. Despite significant coexisting medical pathology in this large series of patients, surgery was safe and successful in the majority. (+info)Octreotide suppresses the incretin glucagon-like peptide (7-36) amide in patients with acromegaly or clinically nonfunctioning pituitary tumors and in healthy subjects. (7/672)
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of octreotide on glucagon-like peptide (7-36) amide (GLP-1) and insulin secretion in patients with pituitary tumors during preoperative treatment and in healthy subjects. DESIGN: Open design prospective clinical study. METHODS: Eighteen patients with pituitary macroadenomas (13 clinically nonfunctioning (NFA; 11/13 had GH insufficiency), 5 GH secreting (GHA)) received preoperative octreotide treatment: 3x100 microg/day s. c. for 3 months, and 3x500 microg/day s.c. for an additional 3 months. Seven healthy subjects received (for ethical reasons) only 3x100 microg/day for 10 days. A standardized meal (St-M) test, oral glucose test (oGTT) and i.v. glucose test (ivGTT) were done before octreotide therapy, on days 1, 2 and 3 (D1,2,3), after 3 months (M3) and 6 months (M6) of octreotide treatment in the patients, and before treatment, on D1,2,3 and on D8,9,10 of octreotide treatment in the healthy subjects. Serum GLP-1, insulin and GH as well as plasma glucose were determined for 180 min (oGTT, St-M) or 120 min (ivGTT). RESULTS: Pretreatment fasting GLP-1 concentrations as well as integrated responses (area under the curve 0-180 min) to oGTT and St-M were not significantly different between NFA, GHA and healthy subjects. During the oGTT, octreotide initially almost abolished the early (0-60 min) and diminished the late (60-180 min) GLP-1 and insulin responses in patients and healthy subjects. At M6 integrated insulin responses had significantly recovered, while the increase in GLP-1 response failed to reach significance (GLP-1: 56.5% of pretreatment at D2 versus 93.5% at M6 and 41.2 versus 63.1% in NFA and GHA respectively; insulin: 50.2 versus 71.2% and 35.5 versus 70. 4%). An escape of GLP-1 and insulin in healthy subjects (D2 versus D9) was not significant. Intestinal glucose absorption was apparently not reduced, since the early glucose rise was similar before and during octreotide treatment. During the St-M the GLP-1 and insulin responses were similarly suppressed by octreotide and recovered during ongoing treatment (GLP-1: 49.6% of pretreatment at D1 versus 79.0% at M6 in NFA and 46.9 versus 52.9% in GHA. Insulin: 27.6 versus 83.9% and 23.5 versus 54.4%). The escape was significant in NFA but not in GHA. In the healthy subjects the escape was already significant on D8 (GLP-1: 39.5% of pretreatment at D1 versus 68.3% at D8; insulin: 36.6 versus 53.8%). During the ivGTT GLP-1 did not increase. The early insulin response (0-30 min) was abolished by octreotide, followed by a reduced peak at 60 min. The reduction of the integrated insulin response during ivGTT was similar to that during oGTT. An insulin escape reached significance only for NFA (52. 6% of pretreatment at D3 versus 66.7% at M6). Glucose tolerance (KG value) deteriorated and did not improve during ongoing treatment. Octreotide suppressed the median GH concentration (8h profile) of the GHA patients from 10.3 microg/l (pretreatment) to 5.8, 6.3 and 3. 7 microg/l at D4, M3 and M6 with no escape. GH was 1.5 microg/l postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide abolishes the early and diminishes the late GLP-1 and insulin responses to oGTT and St-M in NFA and GHA patients and in healthy subjects. In contrast to GH, both hormones partially escape from suppression during ongoing therapy. During treatment with our conventional octreotide doses suppression of insulin secretion is maximal. Under these conditions an effect of the additional loss of GLP-1 is not apparent. Basal GLP-1 concentrations and integrated responses to oGTT and St-M were similar in healthy subjects and in patients with GH excess or GH insufficiency. (+info)A case of acromegaly accompanied by adrenal preclinical Cushing's syndrome. (8/672)
We encountered a 58-year-old woman with acromegaly accompanied by a cortisol-secreting adrenal tumor without clinical features of hypercortisolism. The simultaneous occurrence of these two endocrinopathies in one individual is extremely rare. She was diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus 8 years ago. Afterwards, in spite of insulin therapy, her hyperglycemia could not be well controlled. Her acromegaly and preclinical Cushing's syndrome were histopathologically proven to be due to a pituitary adenoma and an adrenocortical adenoma, respectively. Successful treatment for these endocrinopathies resulted in greatly improved blood sugar control because of a reduction in insulin resistance. In this case of preclinical Cushing's syndrome, replacement therapy with glucocorticoid was able to be discontinued at only 8 weeks after adrenalectomy, so that the period of necessary replacement was much shorter than that for overt Cushing's syndrome. This is the first report describing insulin resistance before and after treatment in a case of acromegaly accompanied by adrenal preclinical Cushing's syndrome. (+info)Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder that typically occurs in middle-aged adults. It results from the pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone (GH) during adulthood. The excessive production of GH leads to abnormal growth of body tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face.
The term "acromegaly" is derived from two Greek words: "akros," meaning extremities, and "megaly," meaning enlargement. In most cases, acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland, which results in overproduction of GH.
Common symptoms include enlarged hands and feet, coarse facial features, deepened voice, joint pain, and sweating. If left untreated, acromegaly can lead to serious complications such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and arthritis. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, or medication to control GH production.
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone produced in the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in human development and growth by stimulating the production of another hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 promotes the growth and reproduction of cells throughout the body, particularly in bones and other tissues. HGH also helps regulate body composition, body fluids, muscle and bone growth, sugar and fat metabolism, and possibly heart function. It is essential for human development and continues to have important effects throughout life. The secretion of HGH decreases with age, which is thought to contribute to the aging process.
A Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma (GH-secreting pituitary adenoma, or GHoma) is a type of benign tumor that develops in the pituitary gland and results in excessive production of growth hormone (GH). This leads to a condition known as acromegaly if it occurs in adults, or gigantism if it occurs in children before the closure of the growth plates.
Symptoms of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma may include:
1. Coarsening of facial features
2. Enlargement of hands and feet
3. Deepened voice due to thickening of vocal cords
4. Increased sweating and body odor
5. Joint pain and stiffness
6. Sleep apnea
7. Fatigue, weakness, or muscle wasting
8. Headaches
9. Vision problems
10. Irregular menstrual periods in women
11. Erectile dysfunction in men
Diagnosis typically involves measuring the levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the blood, along with imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to locate and characterize the tumor. Treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, and medication to control GH production. Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor for potential recurrence.
Pituitary neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with most being benign. They can vary in size and may cause various symptoms depending on their location, size, and hormonal activity.
Pituitary neoplasms can produce and secrete excess hormones, leading to a variety of endocrine disorders such as Cushing's disease (caused by excessive ACTH production), acromegaly (caused by excessive GH production), or prolactinoma (caused by excessive PRL production). They can also cause local compression symptoms due to their size, leading to headaches, vision problems, and cranial nerve palsies.
The exact causes of pituitary neoplasms are not fully understood, but genetic factors, radiation exposure, and certain inherited conditions may increase the risk of developing these tumors. Treatment options for pituitary neoplasms include surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medical management with drugs that can help control hormonal imbalances.
Octreotide is a synthetic analogue of the natural hormone somatostatin, which is used in medical treatment. It is a octapeptide with similar effects to somatostatin, but with a longer duration of action. Octreotide is primarily used in the management of acromegaly, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), and diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome.
It works by inhibiting the release of several hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin. This results in a decrease in symptoms caused by excessive hormone secretion, such as reduced growth hormone levels in acromegaly, decreased tumor size in some GEP-NETs, and improved diarrhea and flushing in carcinoid syndrome.
Octreotide is available in several forms, including short-acting subcutaneous injections (Sandostatin®), long-acting depot intramuscular injections (Sandostatin LAR®), and a slow-release formulation for the treatment of diarrhea associated with AIDS (Mycapssa™).
The medical definition of Octreotide is:
A synthetic octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, used in the management of acromegaly, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), and diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome. Octreotide inhibits the release of several hormones, including growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin, leading to symptomatic improvement in these conditions. It is available as short-acting subcutaneous injections, long-acting depot intramuscular injections, and a slow-release formulation for diarrhea associated with AIDS.
Somatostatin is a hormone that inhibits the release of several hormones and also has a role in slowing down digestion. It is produced by the body in various parts of the body, including the hypothalamus (a part of the brain), the pancreas, and the gastrointestinal tract.
Somatostatin exists in two forms: somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28, which differ in their length. Somatostatin-14 is the predominant form found in the brain, while somatostatin-28 is the major form found in the gastrointestinal tract.
Somatostatin has a wide range of effects on various physiological processes, including:
* Inhibiting the release of several hormones such as growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin
* Slowing down digestion by inhibiting the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and reducing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
* Regulating neurotransmission in the brain
Somatostatin is used clinically as a diagnostic tool for detecting certain types of tumors that overproduce growth hormone or other hormones, and it is also used as a treatment for some conditions such as acromegaly (a condition characterized by excessive growth hormone production) and gastrointestinal disorders.
Gigantism is a rare medical condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. This occurs due to an overproduction of growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, during the growth phase in childhood. The pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing this hormone.
In gigantism, the pituitary gland releases too much GH, leading to abnormal bone and tissue growth. This condition is different from acromegaly, which is characterized by excessive GH production in adulthood after the growth phase has ended. In both cases, the excess GH can lead to various health complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and joint problems.
Gigantism is typically caused by a benign tumor called a pituitary adenoma that presses against and stimulates the production of GH from the anterior pituitary gland. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor or medication to control GH levels, depending on the severity and progression of the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the symptoms and preventing long-term health complications associated with gigantism.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a hormone that plays a crucial role in growth and development. It is a small protein with structural and functional similarity to insulin, hence the name "insulin-like." IGF-I is primarily produced in the liver under the regulation of growth hormone (GH).
IGF-I binds to its specific receptor, the IGF-1 receptor, which is widely expressed throughout the body. This binding activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In addition, IGF-I has anabolic effects on various tissues, including muscle, bone, and cartilage, contributing to their growth and maintenance.
IGF-I is essential for normal growth during childhood and adolescence, and it continues to play a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis throughout adulthood. Abnormal levels of IGF-I have been associated with various medical conditions, such as growth disorders, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
Growth Hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the somatotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration by stimulating the production of another hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the liver and other tissues. GH also has important metabolic functions, such as increasing glucose levels, enhancing protein synthesis, and reducing fat storage. Its secretion is regulated by two hypothalamic hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates its release, and somatostatin (SRIF), which inhibits its release. Abnormal levels of GH can lead to various medical conditions, such as dwarfism or gigantism if there are deficiencies or excesses, respectively.
An adenoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that develops from glandular epithelial cells. These types of cells are responsible for producing and releasing fluids, such as hormones or digestive enzymes, into the surrounding tissues. Adenomas can occur in various organs and glands throughout the body, including the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and digestive systems.
Depending on their location, adenomas may cause different symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Some common examples of adenomas include:
1. Colorectal adenoma (also known as a polyp): These growths occur in the lining of the colon or rectum and can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are essential for early detection and removal of these polyps.
2. Thyroid adenoma: This type of adenoma affects the thyroid gland and may result in an overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
3. Pituitary adenoma: These growths occur in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain and controls various hormonal functions. Depending on their size and location, pituitary adenomas can cause vision problems, headaches, or hormonal imbalances that affect growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
4. Liver adenoma: These rare benign tumors develop in the liver and may not cause any symptoms unless they become large enough to press on surrounding organs or structures. In some cases, liver adenomas can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
5. Adrenal adenoma: These growths occur in the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate stress responses, metabolism, and blood pressure. Most adrenal adenomas are nonfunctioning, meaning they do not secrete excess hormones. However, functioning adrenal adenomas can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome, depending on the type of hormone being overproduced.
It is essential to monitor and manage benign tumors like adenomas to prevent potential complications, such as rupture, bleeding, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment options may include surveillance with imaging studies, medication to manage hormonal issues, or surgical removal of the tumor in certain cases.
Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist drug, which means it works by binding to and activating dopamine receptors in the brain. It has several therapeutic uses, including:
* Treatment of Parkinson's disease: Bromocriptine can be used alone or in combination with levodopa to help manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control.
* Suppression of lactation: Bromocriptine can be used to suppress milk production in women who are not breastfeeding or who have stopped breastfeeding but still have high levels of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production.
* Treatment of pituitary tumors: Bromocriptine can be used to shrink certain types of pituitary tumors, such as prolactinomas, which are tumors that secrete excessive amounts of prolactin.
* Management of acromegaly: Bromocriptine can be used to manage the symptoms of acromegaly, a rare hormonal disorder characterized by abnormal growth and enlargement of body tissues, by reducing the production of growth hormone.
Bromocriptine is available in immediate-release and long-acting formulations, and it is usually taken orally. Common side effects of bromocriptine include nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious side effects are rare but can include hallucinations, confusion, and priapism (prolonged erection).
An adenoma is a benign tumor that forms in glandular tissue. When referring to "acidophil," it describes the appearance of the cells under a microscope. Acidophils are cells that take up acidic dyes, giving them a distinct appearance. In the context of an adenoma, an acidophil adenoma would be a benign tumor composed of acidophil cells.
Acidophil adenomas are most commonly found in the pituitary gland and are also known as lactotroph or mammosomatotroph adenomas. These tumors can produce and release prolactin, growth hormone, or both, leading to various endocrine disorders such as hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, or gigantism. Treatment options typically include surgical removal of the tumor or medical management with dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogs.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) is a hormone that is produced and released by the hypothalamus, a small gland located in the brain. Its primary function is to stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release growth hormone (GH) into the bloodstream. GH plays a crucial role in growth and development, particularly during childhood and adolescence, by promoting the growth of bones and muscles.
GHRH is a 44-amino acid peptide that binds to specific receptors on the surface of pituitary cells, triggering a series of intracellular signals that ultimately lead to the release of GH. The production and release of GHRH are regulated by various factors, including sleep, stress, exercise, and nutrition.
Abnormalities in the production or function of GHRH can lead to growth disorders, such as dwarfism or gigantism, as well as other hormonal imbalances. Therefore, understanding the role of GHRH in regulating GH release is essential for diagnosing and treating these conditions.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hormone that is produced and released by the hypothalamus in the brain. Its main function is to regulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. TRH acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of TSH, which then stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) into the bloodstream.
TRH is a tripeptide amino acid sequence with the structure of pGlu-His-Pro-NH2, and it is synthesized as a larger precursor molecule called preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone (preproTRH) in the hypothalamus. PreproTRH undergoes post-translational processing to produce TRH, which is then stored in secretory vesicles and released into the hypophyseal portal system, where it travels to the anterior pituitary gland and binds to TRH receptors on thyrotroph cells.
In addition to its role in regulating TSH release, TRH has been shown to have other physiological functions, including modulation of feeding behavior, body temperature, and neurotransmitter release. Dysregulation of the TRH-TSH axis can lead to various thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Somatotropin receptors are a type of cell surface receptor that binds to and gets activated by the hormone somatotropin, also known as growth hormone (GH). These receptors are found in many tissues throughout the body, including the liver, muscle, and fat. When somatotropin binds to its receptor, it activates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and cell reproduction.
Somatotropin receptors belong to the class I cytokine receptor family and are composed of two subunits, a homodimer of extracellular glycoproteins that bind to the hormone and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that activates downstream signaling pathways. Mutations in the somatotropin receptor gene can lead to growth disorders such as dwarfism or gigantism, depending on whether the mutation results in a decrease or increase in receptor activity.
Ergolines are a group of ergot alkaloids that have been widely used in the development of various pharmaceutical drugs. These compounds are known for their ability to bind to and stimulate specific receptors in the brain, particularly dopamine receptors. As a result, they have been explored for their potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, migraine, and depression.
However, ergolines can also have significant side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and changes in blood pressure. In addition, some ergot alkaloids have been associated with a rare but serious condition called ergotism, which is characterized by symptoms such as muscle spasms, vomiting, and gangrene. Therefore, the use of ergolines must be carefully monitored and managed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
Some specific examples of drugs that contain ergolines include:
* Dihydroergotamine (DHE): used for the treatment of migraine headaches
* Pergolide: used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
* Cabergoline: used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and certain types of hormonal disorders
It is important to note that while ergolines have shown promise in some therapeutic areas, they are not without their risks. As with any medication, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before using any drug containing ergolines to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for an individual's specific needs.
Cyclic peptides are a type of peptides in which the N-terminus and C-terminus of the peptide chain are linked to form a circular structure. This is in contrast to linear peptides, which have a straight peptide backbone with a free N-terminus and C-terminus. The cyclization of peptides can occur through various mechanisms, including the formation of an amide bond between the N-terminal amino group and the C-terminal carboxylic acid group (head-to-tail cyclization), or through the formation of a bond between side chain functional groups.
Cyclic peptides have unique structural and chemical properties that make them valuable in medical and therapeutic applications. For example, they are more resistant to degradation by enzymes compared to linear peptides, which can increase their stability and half-life in the body. Additionally, the cyclic structure allows for greater conformational rigidity, which can enhance their binding affinity and specificity to target molecules.
Cyclic peptides have been explored as potential therapeutics for a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. They have also been used as tools in basic research to study protein-protein interactions and cell signaling pathways.
A chromophobe adenoma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that typically arises in the pituitary gland, which is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. The term "chromophobe" refers to the appearance of the cells under a microscope - they lack pigment and have a characteristic appearance with abundant clear or lightly stained cytoplasm.
Chromophobe adenomas are slow-growing tumors that can vary in size, and they may cause symptoms due to pressure on surrounding structures or by producing excess hormones. The most common hormone produced by chromophobe adenomas is prolactin, leading to symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, milk production (galactorrhea), and decreased sexual function in women, and decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility in men.
Treatment for chromophobe adenomas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, often through a transsphenoidal approach (through the nose and sphenoid sinus). In some cases, radiation therapy or medical management with hormone-blocking drugs may also be necessary. Regular follow-up with an endocrinologist is important to monitor for any recurrence or hormonal imbalances.
A prolactinoma is a type of pituitary tumor that produces an excess amount of the hormone prolactin, leading to various symptoms. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing and releasing several hormones that regulate different bodily functions. Prolactin is one such hormone, primarily known for its role in stimulating milk production in women during lactation (breastfeeding).
Prolactinoma tumors can be classified into two types: microprolactinomas and macroprolactinomas. Microprolactinomas are smaller tumors, typically less than 10 millimeters in size, while macroprolactinomas are larger tumors, generally greater than 10 millimeters in size.
The overproduction of prolactin caused by these tumors can lead to several clinical manifestations, including:
1. Galactorrhea: Unusual and often spontaneous milk production or leakage from the nipples, which can occur in both men and women who do not have a recent history of pregnancy or breastfeeding.
2. Menstrual irregularities: In women, high prolactin levels can interfere with the normal functioning of other hormones, leading to menstrual irregularities such as infrequent periods (oligomenorrhea) or absent periods (amenorrhea), and sometimes infertility.
3. Sexual dysfunction: In both men and women, high prolactin levels can cause decreased libido and sexual desire. Men may also experience erectile dysfunction and reduced sperm production.
4. Bone loss: Over time, high prolactin levels can lead to decreased bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis due to the disruption of other hormones that regulate bone health.
5. Headaches and visual disturbances: As the tumor grows, it may put pressure on surrounding structures in the brain, leading to headaches and potential vision problems such as blurred vision or decreased peripheral vision.
Diagnosis typically involves measuring prolactin levels in the blood and performing imaging tests like an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan to assess the size of the tumor. Treatment usually consists of medication to lower prolactin levels, such as dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine or cabergoline), which can also help shrink the tumor. In some cases, surgery may be necessary if medication is ineffective or if the tumor is large and causing severe symptoms.
Hyperprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. In women, this can lead to menstrual irregularities, milk production outside of pregnancy (galactorrhea), and infertility. In men, it can cause decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), and infertility. The condition can be caused by various factors, including pituitary tumors, certain medications, and hypothyroidism. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include medication to lower prolactin levels.
The pituitary gland is a small, endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It is often called the "master gland" because it controls other glands and makes the hormones that trigger many body functions. The pituitary gland measures about 0.5 cm in height and 1 cm in width, and it weighs approximately 0.5 grams.
The pituitary gland is divided into two main parts: the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). The anterior lobe is further divided into three zones: the pars distalis, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis. Each part of the pituitary gland has distinct functions and produces different hormones.
The anterior pituitary gland produces and releases several important hormones, including:
* Growth hormone (GH), which regulates growth and development in children and helps maintain muscle mass and bone strength in adults.
* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which controls the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other steroid hormones.
* Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate reproductive function in both males and females.
* Prolactin, which stimulates milk production in pregnant and lactating women.
The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases two hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus:
* Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling urine production.
* Oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk release during breastfeeding.
Overall, the pituitary gland plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating various bodily functions, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive function.
Macroglossia is a medical term that refers to an abnormally large tongue in relation to the size of the oral cavity. It can result from various conditions, including certain genetic disorders (such as Down syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome), hormonal disorders (such as acromegaly), inflammatory diseases (such as amyloidosis), tumors or growths on the tongue, or neurological conditions. Macroglossia can cause difficulties with speaking, swallowing, and breathing, particularly during sleep. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include corticosteroids, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.
The sphenoid bone is a complex, irregularly shaped bone located in the middle cranial fossa and forms part of the base of the skull. It articulates with several other bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones. The sphenoid bone has two main parts: the body and the wings.
The body of the sphenoid bone is roughly cuboid in shape and contains several important structures, such as the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland, and the sphenoid sinuses, which are air-filled cavities within the bone. The greater wings of the sphenoid bone extend laterally from the body and form part of the skull's lateral walls. They contain the superior orbital fissure, through which important nerves and blood vessels pass between the cranial cavity and the orbit of the eye.
The lesser wings of the sphenoid bone are thin, blade-like structures that extend anteriorly from the body and form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. They contain the optic canal, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery between the brain and the orbit of the eye.
Overall, the sphenoid bone plays a crucial role in protecting several important structures within the skull, including the pituitary gland, optic nerves, and ophthalmic arteries.
Hormones are defined as chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands or specialized cells and are transported through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, where they elicit specific responses. They play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes such as growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Examples of hormones include insulin, estrogen, testosterone, adrenaline, and thyroxine.
Hypercementosis is a dental condition characterized by an excessive deposition of cementum (a hard, calcified tissue) on the root surface of a tooth. This condition often affects the lower molars and is more commonly found in older individuals. The exact cause of hypercementosis is not fully understood, but it has been associated with chronic inflammation, periodontal disease, and some systemic conditions. In many cases, hypercementosis does not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine dental X-rays. However, in severe cases, it can lead to problems such as tooth mobility and displacement. Treatment for hypercementosis is typically not necessary unless it is causing discomfort or other dental issues.
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic is a rare genetic disorder that affects the bone tissue. It is characterized by the replacement of normal bone tissue with fibrous (scar-like) tissue, leading to weak and fragile bones that are prone to fractures and deformities. The term "polyostotic" refers to the involvement of multiple bones in the body.
In this condition, there is an abnormal development of the bone during fetal growth or early childhood due to a mutation in the GNAS gene. This results in the formation of fibrous tissue instead of normal bone tissue, leading to the characteristic features of Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic.
The symptoms of this condition can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the affected bones. Common symptoms include:
* Bone pain and tenderness
* Bone deformities (such as bowing of the legs)
* Increased risk of fractures
* Skin pigmentation changes (cafe-au-lait spots)
* Hearing loss or other hearing problems (if the skull is affected)
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic can also be associated with endocrine disorders such as precocious puberty and hyperthyroidism. Treatment typically involves a combination of medications to manage pain and prevent fractures, as well as surgical intervention to correct bone deformities or stabilize fractures.
A Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) is a medical test used to diagnose prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. It measures how well your body is able to process glucose, which is a type of sugar.
During the test, you will be asked to fast (not eat or drink anything except water) for at least eight hours before the test. Then, a healthcare professional will take a blood sample to measure your fasting blood sugar level. After that, you will be given a sugary drink containing a specific amount of glucose. Your blood sugar levels will be measured again after two hours and sometimes also after one hour.
The results of the test will indicate how well your body is able to process the glucose and whether you have normal, impaired, or diabetic glucose tolerance. If your blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed with diabetes, you may have prediabetes, which means that you are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.
It is important to note that a Glucose Tolerance Test should be performed under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as high blood sugar levels can be dangerous if not properly managed.
Hormone antagonists are substances or drugs that block the action of hormones by binding to their receptors without activating them, thereby preventing the hormones from exerting their effects. They can be classified into two types: receptor antagonists and enzyme inhibitors. Receptor antagonists bind directly to hormone receptors and prevent the hormone from binding, while enzyme inhibitors block the production or breakdown of hormones by inhibiting specific enzymes involved in their metabolism. Hormone antagonists are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, such as cancer, hormonal disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
Hypophysectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal or partial removal of the pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis. The pituitary gland is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain, just above the nasal cavity, and is responsible for producing and secreting several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions.
Hypophysectomy may be performed for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. In some cases, it may be used to treat pituitary tumors or other conditions that affect the function of the pituitary gland. It may also be performed as a research procedure in animal models to study the effects of pituitary hormone deficiency on various physiological processes.
The surgical approach for hypophysectomy may vary depending on the specific indication and the patient's individual anatomy. In general, however, the procedure involves making an incision in the skull and exposing the pituitary gland through a small opening in the bone. The gland is then carefully dissected and removed or partially removed as necessary.
Potential complications of hypophysectomy include damage to surrounding structures such as the optic nerves, which can lead to vision loss, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Additionally, removal of the pituitary gland can result in hormonal imbalances that may require long-term management with hormone replacement therapy.
Endocrine surgical procedures refer to the surgical removal or manipulation of endocrine glands or related structures. Endocrine glands are specialized organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate various physiological processes in the body, including metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction.
Some common endocrine surgical procedures include:
1. Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck and produces hormones regulating metabolism. Indications for thyroidectomy may include thyroid cancer, benign thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, and Graves' disease.
2. Parathyroidectomy: Surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands, which are located near the thyroid gland and regulate calcium levels in the blood. Indications for parathyroidectomy may include hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid tumors, and kidney stones caused by high calcium levels.
3. Adrenalectomy: Surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys and produce hormones regulating stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure. Indications for adrenalectomy may include adrenal cancer, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, and Conn's syndrome.
4. Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas, which is a gland located behind the stomach and produces hormones regulating blood sugar levels (insulin and glucagon) and enzymes for digestion. Indications for pancreatectomy may include pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and insulinoma.
5. Neuroendocrine tumor resection: Surgical removal of neuroendocrine tumors, which are rare tumors that arise from hormone-producing cells in various organs, including the pancreas, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Indications for neuroendocrine tumor resection may include symptoms caused by hormone excess or risk of metastasis.
These surgical procedures are complex and require specialized training and expertise. Patients should consult with a qualified surgeon to discuss the risks and benefits of each procedure and determine the best course of treatment.
Acromegaly
Somatostatin
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy
Hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis
Human nose
Anterior pituitary
Gigantism
Hyperpituitarism
List of English words of French origin (A-C)
Estrogen (medication)
Ski Hi Lee
Edmund Ivens Spriggs
Pegvisomant
McCune-Albright syndrome
Pasireotide
Archibald Levin Smith
Insulin-like growth factor 1
Gino Anthony Pesi
Diabetes in cats
List of dog diseases
Jóhann K. Pétursson
Josef Drásal
Adam Rainer
Agostino Borgato
Raloxifene
High-dose estrogen therapy
Tamoxifen
Acne
Robert Wadlow
Pachyderma
Acromegaly - Wikipedia
Acromegaly - NIDDK
Gigantism and Acromegaly: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
Orphanet: Acromegaly
What is Acromegaly: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | Pfizer
Acromegaly | UVA Health
FDA Halts Diabetes Cell Tx Trial; Europe's Obesity Epidemic; Acromegaly Fractures | MedPage Today
Acromegaly Information | Mount Sinai - New York
An unusual cause of acromegaly | HKMJ
Chiasma to Host an Expert Panel on Acromegaly and the MPOWERED® Phase 3 Trial Results | BioSpace
Article Metrics] Octreotide-Resistant Acromegaly: Challenges and Solutions | TCRM
Corneal biomechanical properties of patients with acromegaly | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Acromegaly - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
Acromegaly: Reducing Diagnostic Delays for Improved Treatment and Outcomes
Gigantism and Acromegaly: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
Global Acromegaly and Gigantism Drugs Market 2018-2022 Market
Glycemic profile in patients with acromegaly treated with somatostatin analogue • JML Journal of Medicine and Life
acromegaly - General Practice notebook
SANDOSTATIN® LAR® (Octreotide) for NET & Acromegaly
Recognizing Acromegaly in Clinical Practice - MDBriefCase
Acromegaly | Skull Base Program | Barrow Neurological Institute
Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. - ScienceOpen
Quick Facts: Gigantism and Acromegaly - MSD Manual Consumer Version
A Rare Case of Acromegaly Presenting with Cutis Vertics Gyrata
Image: Acromegaly - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Acromegaly
Acromegaly
Acromegaly Support
Acromegaly: Latest Facts, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis - Gilmore Health News
Acromegaly | TogetherForRare.com
People with acromegaly9
- People with acromegaly also have an increased risk for colon polyps , which may develop into colon cancer if not removed. (nih.gov)
- Some people with acromegaly may have a genetic condition that can lead tumors to develop in different parts of their bodies. (nih.gov)
- Compared with controls, people with acromegaly showed a significantly higher prevalence of vertebral fractures -- with many experiencing multiple and severe fractures. (medpagetoday.com)
- People with acromegaly can also develop diabetes, high blood pressure, and other problems. (cloudapp.net)
- Here you can find information about how people with acromegaly have adapted to their diagnosis of acromegaly and continued living a normal life with their condition. (amazonaws.com)
- Acromunity an online resource provided by Ipsen that provides information and support for people with acromegaly, their family and friends, and others who are interested learning more about the condition. (amazonaws.com)
- Lastly, we want to convey our deep gratitude to the extraordinary people with acromegaly who helped to make this study a success by sharing their unmet needs for treatment and by participating in our studies. (crinetics.com)
- People with acromegaly have no doubt heard these six words from friends and loved ones many times…well-meaning people who genuinely want to help but don't know how. (acromegalysupport.com)
- This includes groups for those who are advocates for people with acromegaly. (acromegalysupport.com)
Symptoms13
- Acromegaly is most often diagnosed in middle-aged adults, but symptoms can appear at any age. (nih.gov)
- Symptoms of acromegaly can vary from person to person. (nih.gov)
- Many acromegaly symptoms improve, and you can eventually sleep better and discontinue taking medications for diabetes and high blood pressure. (uvahealth.com)
- By doing so, individuals who suffer from acromegaly can improve their symptoms and reduce potential risks of complications. (livhospital.com)
- Acromegaly symptoms develop gradually and can change from one person to another. (livhospital.com)
- The treatment of acromegaly aims to normalize GH production, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications. (livhospital.com)
- Acromegaly cannot be fully reversed, but early diagnosis and treatment can help control symptoms and prevent further progression of the condition. (livhospital.com)
- If you or someone you know has been recently diagnosed with acromegaly or if you are concerned by symptoms there are support services out there for you, no matter where in the world you reside. (amazonaws.com)
- Tracking your symptoms and injections is an important part of treating your acromegaly. (togetherforrare.com)
- Learn about what acromegaly is, how it is diagnosed, and the signs and symptoms in this 2-page brochure. (togetherforrare.com)
- The symptoms of acromegaly are mainly related to the effects of abnormally high production of GH and another hormone, IGF-1 (insulin growth factor-1), which is "controlled" by GH. (gilmorehealth.com)
- We describe a 24-year-old Uzbek man who presented with many clinical symptoms and signs of apparent acromegaly. (medscape.com)
- Parlodel is sometimes used with surgery or radiation to treat acromegaly , and it is also used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease , such as stiffness, tremors, muscle spasms, and poor muscle control. (rxlist.com)
Gigantism and Acromegaly6
- The availability of a large number of molecules in the pipeline is resulting in increased consumption of gigantism and acromegaly drugs. (technavio.com)
- This, in turn, results in a strong pipeline for gigantism and acromegaly treatment. (technavio.com)
- Gigantism and acromegaly are patterns of abnormal growth caused by having too much growth hormone. (msdmanuals.com)
- What problems do gigantism and acromegaly cause? (msdmanuals.com)
- People with untreated gigantism and acromegaly have a shorter life expectancy. (msdmanuals.com)
- Gigantism and acromegaly due to Xq26 microduplications and GPR101 mutation. (medscape.com)
Tumor of the pituitar3
- Acromegaly is the result of a tumor of the pituitary gland, just below your brain. (uvahealth.com)
- Acromegaly is most commonly caused by a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland in adults. (barrowneuro.org)
- Yes, acromegaly can often be cured with surgery as it is most commonly caused by a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland. (barrowneuro.org)
20221
- The presence of a strong pipeline will be one of the primary factors driving the acromegaly and gigantism drugs market growth until 2022. (technavio.com)
Patients28
- Acromegaly is rare, with only three or four patients per million individuals diagnosed with the condition each year. (pfizer.com)
- In a separate analysis of 248 patients with sporadic acromegaly, a mutation in the GPR101 gene was found in about 4% of cases. (medscape.com)
- The presentation of patients with gigantism is usually dramatic, unlike the insidious onset of acromegaly in adults. (medscape.com)
- In patients with acromegaly, GH levels either do not suppress or increase. (uvahealth.com)
- The call will feature presentations by Key Opinion Leader (KOL) Maria Fleseriu, MD, FACE, lead investigator of the MPOWERED study, who will discuss the topline data from Chiasma's Phase 3 MPOWERED study as well as the unmet medical need in acromegaly and the treatment burden that patients experience with monthly somatostatin analog injections. (biospace.com)
- MPOWERED (Maintenance of acromegaly Patients with Octreotide capsules compared with injections - Evaluation of REsponse Durability), was a global, randomized, non-inferiority, open-label, and active-controlled 15-month trial that was designed to support a potential marketing application of MYCAPSSA ® in the European Union. (biospace.com)
- Jill Sisco is President of Acromegaly Community, Inc., a patient organization that helps educate patients and loved ones regarding this rare disease and provides guidance on how to cope with their difficult illness. (biospace.com)
- Since her diagnosis in 2005, Jill has been an influential advocate towards a better quality of life for Acromegaly patients worldwide. (biospace.com)
- This activity is intended for primary care clinicians, diabetologists & endocrinologists, orthopedists & orthopedic surgeons, nurses, and other healthcare professionals that care for patients with acromegaly. (medscape.org)
- Acromunity is a global organisation helping support acromegaly patients and families to adapt to living a normal life. (amazonaws.com)
- Most importantly, we work to provide a network of emotional support for our Acromegaly patients, their friends and their family. (amazonaws.com)
- A guide for friends and family of patients with acromegaly to help them understand acromegaly and how to best support their loved one. (togetherforrare.com)
- This brochure helps patients understand what acromegaly is, how it impacts their health in general, and how this knowledge can help them get the support they need. (togetherforrare.com)
- This brochure provides patients with suggestions of different ways to take charge of their mind and body after being diagnosed with acromegaly. (togetherforrare.com)
- This booklet helps patients cope with potential self-image concerns related to their acromegaly diagnosis. (togetherforrare.com)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month octreotide treatment on cardiac mass and function by means of Doppler echocardiography in 11 normotensive patients affected with active acromegaly. (unina.it)
- Each of these patients had diseases known to predispose to heterotopic calcification including scleroderma, acromegaly, and diabetes mellitus. (wordshake.com)
- Which additional investigations are required in monitoring patients with acromegaly? (oscestop.education)
- Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with uncontrolled and long-term acromegaly: comparison with matched data from the general population and the effect of disease control. (medscape.com)
- Predictors of tumor shrinkage after primary therapy with somatostatin analogs in acromegaly: a prospective study in 99 patients. (medscape.com)
- Prevalence of thyroid diseases in patients with acromegaly: experience of a Brazilian center. (medscape.com)
- As a result, several studies on pregnancy in patients with acromegaly have been published in recent years adding new and relevant information to the preexisting literature. (unifesp.br)
- Besides disease control, patient's need represents a major target of medical treatment in chronic diseases such as acromegaly, in order to improve compliance to therapy and patients' quality of life. (unige.it)
- The Novel Digital Diagnostic Approaches in Acromegaly and Sickle Cell Disease research grant from Pfizer supports research projects in the USA focusing on novel digital diagnostic approaches in patients with acromegaly or sickle cell disease. (scientifyresearch.org)
- Projects that will be considered for Pfizer support will focus on digital diagnostic approaches to help raise suspicion and optimize care for patients with acromegaly or sickle cell disease. (scientifyresearch.org)
- Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Liver Fibrosis and Utility of Noninvasive Scores in Patients with Acromegaly. (medscape.com)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy adaptaed for patients with acromegaly. (bvsalud.org)
- acromegaly) patients. (bvsalud.org)
Overproduction of growth hormone1
- In the vast majority of cases (over 95%), overproduction of growth hormone, which causes acromegaly, is associated with the development of a benign pituitary tumor (pituitary adenoma), a small gland (about the size of a pea) located at the bottom of the brain, just above the nose. (gilmorehealth.com)
Cause of acromegaly2
- Generally the main cause of acromegaly is a benign tumor known as a pituitary adenoma. (livhospital.com)
- The main cause of acromegaly is a benign (nonmalignant pituitary adenoma) tumor in the pituitary gland, a gland in the brain that usually secretes various hormones, including GH. (gilmorehealth.com)
Burden of acromegaly1
- The goal is to provide education on the burden of acromegaly, highlighting key clinical manifestations in support of earlier diagnosis and implementation of management strategies. (mdbriefcase.com)
Individuals with acromegaly2
- They are targeted at individuals with acromegaly who are inadequately treated with the combination therapy of lanreotide autogel and pegvisomant by Ipsen and somatostatin analogs. (technavio.com)
- However, with timely intervention and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for individuals with acromegaly can be significantly improved, reducing the risk of fatality. (livhospital.com)
Develop acromegaly2
- Who is more likely to develop acromegaly? (nih.gov)
- After puberty, bones lose their ability to grow and therefore, adults don't grow tall when they develop acromegaly. (uvahealth.com)
Understand acromegaly1
- The information is then used in a variety of ways to better understand acromegaly and improve how the disease is diagnosed and treated. (acromegalycanada.ca)
Cushing's4
- She is a frequent plenary guest speaker at national and international meetings on treatment of Cushing's, acromegaly and growth hormone deficiency, is global principal investigator in clinical trials, and has authored over 170 manuscripts in prestigious journals, including guidelines, consensus papers and book chapters. (biospace.com)
- She has served on multiple scientific advisory boards for biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and participated in study design and has been global principal investigator for several Cushing's and acromegaly studies. (biospace.com)
- They are the UK's leading charity providing support to people affected by disorders of the pituitary gland such as acromegaly, Cushing's, prolactinoma, diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism. (amazonaws.com)
- This could be Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly or hypothyroidism. (oscestop.education)
Endocrine2
- Acromegaly: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (medscape.org)
- Management of endocrine disease: does gender matter in the management of acromegaly? (medscape.org)
Octreotide2
- Pasireotide long-acting release (LAR) by Novartis and octreotide capsules by Chiasma are in the Phase III stage of development for the treatment of acromegaly. (technavio.com)
- Primary treatment with the somatostatin analogues depot octreotide and lanreotide has been found to induce tumor shrinkage in newly diagnosed acromegaly. (medscape.com)
Caused by a tumor1
- In more than 9 out of 10 cases, acromegaly is caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland, called a pituitary adenoma. (nih.gov)
Carney1
- Differential diagnosis includes other causes of acromegaly (FIPA, MEN1, Carney complex and XLAG) as well as pachydermoperiostosis and acromegaloid features of severe insulin resistance. (orpha.net)
Often diagnosed2
- In acromegaly, a severe disease that is often diagnosed late, morbidity and mortality rates are high, particularly as a result of associated cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory disorders and malignancies. (medscape.com)
- Due to its insidious onset and slow progression, acromegaly is often diagnosed from four to more than ten years after its onset, and is most often diagnosed in middle age (average age 40-50 years). (orpha.net)
Prognosis2
- What is the prognosis for acromegaly? (barrowneuro.org)
- The prognosis for acromegaly depends on whether surgery can completely remove the tumor and whether medications can induce remission if surgery is not completely successful in removing all the tumor. (barrowneuro.org)
Complications3
- What are the complications of acromegaly? (nih.gov)
- Unless being treated properly for a long time, acromegaly can lead to serious health problems and complications. (livhospital.com)
- As mentioned above, without proper management and treatments, acromegaly can lead to severe complications and an increased risk of mortality. (livhospital.com)
Excess9
- Acromegaly is a disorder that results in excess growth of certain parts of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
- Acromegaly is usually caused by the pituitary gland producing excess growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
- If excess growth hormone is produced during childhood, the result is the condition gigantism rather than acromegaly, and it is characterized by excessive height. (wikipedia.org)
- Acromegaly is a chronic rare disease associated with excess growth hormone secretion. (pfizer.com)
- 4 Acromegaly develops gradually and typically is not diagnosed until several years-often, as many as seven-after excess growth hormone secretion has begun. (pfizer.com)
- Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood. (medscape.com)
- Acromegaly is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of excess growth hormone (GH) in your blood. (barrowneuro.org)
- Both acromegaly and gigantism conditions are characterized by the presence of excess growth hormone in the blood. (barrowneuro.org)
- These tumors stimulate the pituitary gland to produce an excess of GH, leading to the development of acromegaly. (livhospital.com)
Disorders1
- Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Diseases-and-Disorders/73507/9.0/Acromegaly. (unboundmedicine.com)
Tumors1
- Eventhough it is not hereditary, certain gene mutations may increase the risk of developing pituitary tumors, which can lead to acromegaly. (livhospital.com)
Secretion3
- In very rare cases, acromegaly is due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), responsible for pituitary hyperplasia. (orpha.net)
- Acromegaly is a rare, chronic disease caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH), usually due to a pituitary somatotroph adenoma. (bmj.com)
- Ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion by a neuroendocrine tumor causing acromegaly: long-term follow-up results. (medscape.com)
Diseases1
- Acromegaly Canada thanks Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada, Pfizer Canada, Recordati Rare Diseases Canada, and Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Canada for their sponsorship. (acromegalycanada.ca)
Diagnosis and treatment1
- Zahr R, Fleseriu M. Updates in diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. (medscape.org)
Disorder7
- Acromegaly is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much growth hormone (GH). (nih.gov)
- Acromegaly is a rare chronic disorder caused by growth hormone hypersecretion. (mdbriefcase.com)
- Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. (cloudapp.net)
- Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder characterized by excessive GH production. (livhospital.com)
- Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that occurs when body is producing excessive amount of growth hormone (GH). (livhospital.com)
- The condition of pachydermoperiostosis may masquerade as acromegaly but is a genetic disorder, usually autosomal recessive, leading to elevated prostaglandin E2 levels. (medscape.com)
- Frontal bossing is seen only in a few rare syndromes, including acromegaly, a long-term (chronic) disorder caused by too much growth hormone, which leads to enlargement of the bones of the face, jaw, hands, feet, and skull. (medlineplus.gov)
Chronic1
- Acromegaly is a chronic, progressive, multisystemic disease associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. (bmj.com)
Practice2
- The goal of this activity is to improve clinician recognition, screening, and diagnosis of acromegaly in their clinical practice. (medscape.org)
- The aim was to formulate clinical practice guidelines for acromegaly. (scienceopen.com)
Genetic2
- Is Acromegaly genetic? (livhospital.com)
- In other, much rarer cases, acromegaly is associated with a genetic abnormality. (gilmorehealth.com)
Hormonal1
- In this review, we show that pregnancy in women with acromegaly is generally safe, usually with tumoral and hormonal stability. (unifesp.br)
Prevalence2
- The Americas has always been a key market in the context of global acromegaly and gigantism drugs demand and this is mainly due to the high prevalence of the disease in the region. (technavio.com)
- The prevalence of acromegaly around the globe is rare, with only three or four cases out of every one million people reported every year. (sahpentrucopii.ro)
Abnormal1
- But in adults, it may take a long time to notice the abnormal bone growth in acromegaly because it happens little by little. (msdmanuals.com)
Surgery2
- Acromegaly is usually treated with medicine, surgery, or radiation treatment to the tumor. (cloudapp.net)
- Surgery is the usual first-line treatment for acromegaly. (crinetics.com)
Childhood1
- The gene aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein, AIP (11q13.3), has been identified as a major susceptibility factor, particularly when acromegaly begins in childhood or adolescence. (orpha.net)
Disease3
- Acromegaly is a disease that usually starts between the ages of 30 and 50. (msdmanuals.com)
- Introduction: Acromegaly is a disease characterized by elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels. (unige.it)
- Talking to others with acromegaly took away the loneliness of having such a unique disease. (raredisease.net)
Glucose2
- Investigations demonstrated that his serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level was markedly elevated, being 719 (reference range, 101-267) ng/mL, and his serum growth hormone (GH) levels were not suppressed following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a trough GH level of 9.9 ng/mL, which confirmed the diagnosis of acromegaly. (hkmj.org)
- if the levels of GH do not drop after the introduction of glucose the diagnosis of acromegaly can be made. (gilmorehealth.com)
Hypersecretion2
- Acromegaly is due to sustained and unregulated hypersecretion of GH. (hkmj.org)
- Acromegaly occurs when growth hormone hypersecretion occurs after puberty and the growth plates have fused so that only flat bone enlargement and soft tissue growth is possible. (gpnotebook.com)
Treatment5
- After treatment, you will need to see your provider regularly to make sure that the pituitary gland is working normally and that acromegaly does not come back. (mountsinai.org)
- Monitoring and treatment of the comorbidities associated with acromegaly are essential for improving patient quality of life. (bmj.com)
- The demand for non-surgical options and the popularity of pharmacological therapies for acromegaly treatment is increasing on a regular basis due to the low success rate of acromegaly surgeries. (technavio.com)
- Although fertility is frequently impaired in women with acromegaly, pregnancy is apparently becoming more common due to improvement in acromegaly treatment as well as in fertility therapy. (unifesp.br)
- Expert opinion: The constant progresses in the medical treatment of acromegaly could lead to an individualized therapy based on tumor, as well as patient's characteristics. (unige.it)
Salenave1
- Face acromegaly photos: 2008 Chanson and Salenave (Acromegaly. (oscestop.education)
Rare5
- Acromegaly is rare. (nih.gov)
- We report a rare case of acromegaly due to a growth hormone releasing hormone-secreting bronchial carcinoid tumour. (hkmj.org)
- Acromegaly is a rare condition caused by the overproduction of somatotropin (also called growth hormone, HGH and GH) which can lead to distorted facial features, enlarged hands, and feet, as well as, cardiac issues. (gilmorehealth.com)
- In the rare cases that are due to genetics, there is clearly an increased risk of acromegaly. (gilmorehealth.com)
- This is an important, albeit rare, differential diagnosis of acromegaly. (medscape.com)
Pfizer1
- Find more information about Acromegaly at Pfizer.com. (pfizer.com)
Condition3
- Acromegaly is a condition in which there is too much growth hormone (GH) in your body. (mountsinai.org)
- Acromegaly is a long-term condition. (amazonaws.com)
- The awareness level for a condition like acromegaly isn't high - not even among medical professionals. (acromegalysupport.com)
Occurs1
- Acromegaly occurs in adults after the bones have finished growing during puberty. (barrowneuro.org)