Allium
Garlic
Allyl Compounds
Plant Extracts
Sulfinic Acids
Plants, Medicinal
Sulfur Compounds
Copyright
Computer Security
Epirizole
Comparative study of lifestyles of residents in high and low risk areas for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China; with special reference to allium vegetables. (1/111)
There is a low risk area for gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China, where people frequently consume raw allium vegetables. As a first step epidemiological study to clarify the factors involved in the low incidence of gastric cancer, we conducted a comparative study of the ecological factors in a high risk area (HRA), Yangzhong, and a low risk area (LRA), Pizhou, using a questionnaire. Subjects were selected from the general population according to age and sex, and comprised 414 residents of the HRA and 425 residents of the LRA. Ecological factors were compared for the two areas by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method, age-adjusted. Smoking and drinking habits were found to be more common in the LRA. On the other hand, allium vegetables were consumed in the LRA much more frequently, with high consumption of raw vegetables fruit, tomatoes, kidney beans and soybean products. People who consumed garlic en masse 3 times or more per week were 82% of men and 75% of women in the LRA, and 1% of men and women in the HRA. The results of the survey suggest that frequent consumption of allium vegetables, in addition to other anticancer foods, may be a factor in low mortality for gastric cancer. (+info)Import of lyso-phosphatidylcholine into chloroplasts likely at the origin of eukaryotic plastidial lipids. (2/111)
Plastids rely on the import of extraplastidial precursor for the synthesis of their own lipids. This key phenomenon in the formation of plastidial phosphatidylcholine (PC) and of the most abundant lipids on earth, namely galactolipids, is poorly understood. Various suggestions have been made on the nature of the precursor molecule(s) transferred to plastids, but despite general agreement that PC or a close metabolite plays a central role, there is no clear-cut answer to this question because of a lack of conclusive experimental data. We therefore designed experiments to discriminate between a transfer of PC, 1-acylglycero phosphorylcholine (lyso-PC), or glycerophosphorylcholine. After pulse-chase experiments with glycerol and acetate, plastids of leek (Allium porrum L.) seedlings were purified. The labels of the glycerol moiety and the sn-1- and sn-2-bound fatty acids of plastidial lipids were determined and compared with those associated with the extraplastidial PC. After import, plastid lipids contained the glycerol moiety and the fatty acids esterified to the sn-1 position originating from the extraplastidial PC; no import of sn-2-bound fatty acid was detected. These results rule out a transfer of PC or glycerophosphorylcholine, and are totally explained by an import of lyso-PC molecules used subsequently as precursor for the synthesis of eukaryotic plastid lipids. (+info)Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets. (3/111)
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) conjugate activated xenobiotics with glutathione; thus, GST induction may improve detoxification and excretion of potentially harmful compounds. Using a randomized cross-over design, we tested the hypothesis that, in humans, serum GST-alpha concentration (GST-alpha) and GST activity increase with vegetable consumption and that this effect is GSTM1 genotype dependent. Twenty-one men (10 GSTM1-null and 11 GSTM1+) and 22 women (15 GSTM1-null and 7 GSTM1+), nonsmokers, 20-40 years of age and not on medications, ate four 6-day controlled diets: basal (vegetable-free), and basal supplemented with three botanically defined groups of vegetables (i.e., brassica, allium, and apiaceous). Fasting blood samples, collected on the last 2 days of each feeding period, were analyzed for GST-alpha, serum GST activity [against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl)] and peripheral-lymphocyte GST-mu activity (against trans-stilbene oxide). The brassica, but not allium or apiaceous, vegetable diets (relative to the basal diet) increased GST-alpha by 26% (P = 0.005) and GST (NBD-Cl) activity by 7% (P = 0.02) in the GSTM1-null individuals, particularly the women. Apiaceous vegetable supplementation decreased GST-alpha in the GSTM1+ men (P = 0.03). Among the GSTM1+ women, both brassica and the allium diets increased GST-mu activity by 18% (P = 0.02) and 26% (P = 0.001), respectively. The vegetable diets had no effect on GST (CDNB) activity, irrespective of GSTM1 genotype or sex. These results demonstrate that GSTM1 genotype has a significant effect on GST responses to diet and that brassica vegetables are most effective at inducing GST-alpha, whereas both brassica and allium vegetables induce GST-mu. GST responses were more pronounced in women than men, but it is not clear from this study whether this is a dose-per-body-weight or a sex-specific effect. (+info)How to distinguish garlic from the other Allium vegetables. (4/111)
The establishment of international monographs for herbs is in progress. Here, we propose both a marker compound and a method for its analysis for the identification of garlic bulbs and their products. The constituents in 26 kinds of fresh edible parts of Allium vegetables and three types of garlic preparations were analyzed. Sulfur compounds are the most characteristic constituents in garlic, but manufacturing processes of garlic products dramatically affect these constituents. Thus, no sulfur compound could be specified as a universal marker of identification applicable for any type of garlic. On the other hand, garlic contains other characteristic compounds, namely, saponins. After analyzing Allium vegetables and garlic preparations, we concluded that sapogenins, especially beta-chlorogenin, may be a viable candidate for identifying and distinguishing garlic from other Allium vegetables. (+info)Antiproliferative effects of allium derivatives from garlic. (5/111)
There is increasing evidence that allium derivatives from garlic have significant antiproliferative actions on human cancers. Both hormone-responsive and hormone-unresponsive cells lines respond to these derivatives. The effects shown by allium derivatives include induction of apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle progression and modification of pathways of signal transduction. Allium derivatives appear to regulate nuclear factors involved in immune function and inflammation, as well as in cellular proliferation. Our own studies indicate that allium derivatives inhibit proliferation of the human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of inhibition of cellular proliferation by allium derivatives and to explore their potential application to cancer prevention and control. (+info)Antibacterial activity of S-methyl methanethiosulfinate and S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate from Chinese chive toward Escherichia coli O157:H7. (6/111)
S-Methyl methanethiosufinate (1) and S-methyl 2-propene-1-thiosulfinate (2) were easily seperated from Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum L.) using simple column chromatography. Both compounds showed significant antibacterial activities against E. coli O-157:H7 including spoilage microorganism in food. Structural assignment was based on Mass and NMR-spectroscopic methods. (+info)Quantification of stomatal uptake of ionic solutes using a new model system. (7/111)
Evidence for stomatal uptake of solutes by leaves without the application of surfactants or pressure has recently been provided (Eichert et al., 1998). In the present study, experimental conditions were refined in that the water potential was held at <0 on the physiologically inner side of the epidermal strips (ES) by use of a ceramic plate or the proper mesophyll of the plant. The penetrated substances were immobilized on the inner side by ion exchange membranes. The influence of humidity, light, stomatal density, and re-wetting on the uptake of anions (fluorescein) and cations (Fe(3+)) was investigated, using leaves of Allium porrum, Commelina communis and Sedum telephium. Uptake increased with humidity, stomatal aperture and stomatal density. It was restricted to stomatal areas, and was especially high below the rims of drying droplets. Again, penetration of stomatal pores was observed. Uptake was strongly correlated with the number of penetrated stomata, although usually less than 10% of the stomata contributed to uptake. The number of stomata that had been penetrated was highly variable, increasing extremely significantly with the number of repeated drying/ wetting cycles. These results indicate that stomatal uptake can be a major pathway for the foliar uptake of ionic solutes. It is a dynamic process, depending on environmental conditions and history of the residues on the leaf, aspects that had been neglected in previous concepts. (+info)Frequencies of plasmodesmata in Allium cepa L. roots: implications for solute transport pathways. (8/111)
Plasmodesmatal frequencies (PFs) were analysed in Allium cepa L. roots with a mature exodermis (100 mm from the tip). For all interfaces within the root, the numbers of plasmodesmata (PD) microm(-2) wall surface (Fw) were calculated from measurements of 60 walls on ultrathin sections. For tissues ranging from the epidermis up to the stelar parenchyma, the frequencies were also expressed as total PD numbers mm(-1) root length (Fn), which is most instructive for considering the radial transport of ions and photosynthates (because the tissues were arranged in concentric cylinders). The Fn values were constantly high at the interfaces of exodermis-central cortex, central cortex-endodermis and endodermis-pericycle (4.05x10(5), 5.13x10(5), and 5.64x10(5), respectively). If the plasmodesmata are functional, a considerable symplastic transport pathway exists between the exodermis and pericycle. Two interfaces had especially low PFs: epidermis-exodermis (Fn=8.96x10(4)) and pericycle-stelar parenchyma (Fn=6.44x10(4)). This suggests that there is significant membrane transport across the interface of epidermis-exodermis (through short cells) and direct transfer of ions from pericycle to protoxylem vessels. In the phloem, the highest PF was detected at the metaphloem sieve element-companion cell interface (Fw=0.42), and all other interfaces had much lower PFs (around 0.10). In the pericycle, the radial walls had a high PF (Fw=0.75), a feature that could permit lateral circulation of solutes, thus facilitating ion (inward) and photosynthate (outward) delivery. (+info)'Allium' is a genus of plants that includes several species which are commonly used as vegetables or spices, such as onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, and chives. These plants are characterized by their distinctive strong smell and taste, which are caused by sulfur-containing compounds. They have been widely used in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits, including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "onions" are not a medical term. They are a type of vegetable, specifically a variety of bulb vegetables, known scientifically as Allium cepa. Onions are widely used in cooking and have been cultivated for centuries for their unique, pungent flavor and potential health benefits. If you have any questions about onions in a culinary or nutritional context, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Garlic (Allium sativum) is not a medical term, but rather a species of plant that belongs to the onion family. It is a widely used culinary ingredient and traditional medicine. The medicinal properties are believed to come from the sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, which are formed when garlic is crushed or chopped.
While garlic is not a medical treatment itself, it has been studied for its potential health benefits in various areas, including cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention, and immune function support. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish recommended dosages. It's important to consult with healthcare professionals before starting any new supplement regimen, including garlic.
A chive is not a medical term, but it is a type of vegetable. Chives are part of the Allium family, which also includes garlic, onions, and leeks. They are native to Europe and Asia and have been used in cooking for centuries due to their mild onion flavor.
Chives are typically used as a garnish or added to dishes for extra flavor. They can be chopped and sprinkled over soups, salads, potatoes, and other foods. Chives are also sometimes used in herbal remedies, although there is limited scientific evidence to support their effectiveness for medicinal purposes.
While chives may not have a direct medical definition, they do contain various nutrients that can contribute to overall health. For example, chives are a good source of vitamin K, vitamin C, and folate. They also contain small amounts of other essential vitamins and minerals, such as potassium, calcium, and iron.
In summary, while chives may not have a specific medical definition, they are a type of vegetable that can provide various nutrients and contribute to a healthy diet.
Allyl compounds are organic compounds that contain the allyl group, which is a functional group with the formula CH2=CH-CH2-. The allyl group consists of a methylene bridge (CH2-) flanked by a carbon-carbon double bond (-CH=). Allyl compounds can be derived from allyl alcohol, allyl chloride, or other allyl halides and can participate in various chemical reactions due to the reactivity of the double bond. They are used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
I apologize for any confusion, but "shallots" is not a term with a widely accepted medical definition. It is a culinary term that refers to a type of onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) characterized by their small size and clustered bulbs. They are often used in cooking for their mild flavor. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Sulfinic Acids" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term from the field of chemistry. Sulfinic acids are organic compounds that contain a functional group with the formula RSO(O)H, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group. They are important intermediates in organic synthesis and can be found in some natural sources. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Sulfur compounds refer to chemical substances that contain sulfur atoms. Sulfur can form bonds with many other elements, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, among others. As a result, there is a wide variety of sulfur compounds with different structures and properties. Some common examples of sulfur compounds include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and sulfonic acids (R-SO3H).
In the medical field, sulfur compounds have various applications. For instance, some are used as drugs or drug precursors, while others are used in the production of medical devices or as disinfectants. Sulfur-containing amino acids, such as methionine and cysteine, are essential components of proteins and play crucial roles in many biological processes.
However, some sulfur compounds can also be harmful to human health. For example, exposure to high levels of hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide can cause respiratory problems, while certain organosulfur compounds found in crude oil and coal tar have been linked to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, it is essential to handle and dispose of sulfur compounds properly to minimize potential health hazards.
Copyright is a legal concept that gives the creator of an original work exclusive rights to its use and distribution, usually for a limited period of time. In the medical field, copyright protection can apply to various works such as medical textbooks, journal articles, educational materials, software, and multimedia presentations. It is important to note that copyright law seeks to strike a balance between protecting the rights of creators and promoting the progress of science and knowledge by allowing for limited use of copyrighted material under certain circumstances, such as fair use.
It's worth mentioning that while copyright protection can apply to medical works, there are also exceptions and limitations to copyright law that may allow for the use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner in certain situations. For example, in the United States, the "fair use" doctrine allows for limited use of copyrighted material without obtaining permission from the copyright owner, depending on factors such as the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount and substantiality of the portion used, and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
When using medical works that are protected by copyright, it is important to obtain permission from the copyright owner or ensure that the use falls under an exception or limitation to copyright law, such as fair use, in order to avoid infringing on the exclusive rights of the copyright owner.
Computer security, also known as cybersecurity, is the protection of computer systems and networks from theft, damage, or unauthorized access to their hardware, software, or electronic data. This can include a wide range of measures, such as:
* Using firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other technical safeguards to prevent unauthorized access to a network
* Encrypting sensitive data to protect it from being intercepted or accessed by unauthorized parties
* Implementing strong password policies and using multi-factor authentication to verify the identity of users
* Regularly updating and patching software to fix known vulnerabilities
* Providing security awareness training to employees to help them understand the risks and best practices for protecting sensitive information
* Having a incident response plan in place to quickly and effectively respond to any potential security incidents.
The goal of computer security is to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer systems and data, in order to protect the privacy and safety of individuals and organizations.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Epirizole" is not a term that is recognized in medical literature or by major drug databases. It is possible that you may have made a typo or there is some other error in the spelling of the medication you intended to search for. If you provide me with more context or clarify the name of the medication, I would be happy to help you further.
In the context of healthcare, privacy is often referred to as the state of being free from unauthorized intrusion or observation in regards to one's personal health information. This includes maintaining confidentiality, restricting access to only those who have a legitimate need for the information, and protecting the information from being shared, disclosed, or used inappropriately. It is a fundamental right of individuals and is essential for maintaining trust in the healthcare system.
Allium - Wikipedia
Allium ursinum - Wikimedia Commons
BCP/Allium flavum - Wikiversity
Microbial basis of Fusarium wilt suppression by Allium cultivation | Scientific Reports
Allium Millenium from Park Seed
Allium macleanii - Wikispecies
Allium Press of Chicago - NewPages.com
UCJEPS: Jepson Interchange: Allium acuminatum Hook.
Allium | HortWeek
Allium ramosum Chinese Chives PFAF Plant Database
Violet Beauty Allium | Buy Online | Breck's Bulbs Canada
Allium Family - Onions, Leeks and Shallots - Vegetable Articles
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Allium-Cepa News Network
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Long-Blooming Allium Trio | White Flower Farm
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Common Onion (Allium cepa)
· iNaturalist