Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus
Chenopodiaceae
Immunomodulatory properties of Alternanthera tenella Colla aqueous extracts in mice. (1/48)
Plants from the genus Alternanthera are thought to possess antimicrobial and antiviral properties. In Brazilian folk medicine, the aqueous extract of A. tenella Colla is used for its anti-inflammatory activity. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory property of A. tenella extract by evaluating the antibody production in male albino Swiss mice weighing 20-25 g (10 per group). The animals received standard laboratory diet and water ad libitum. The effect of A. tenella extract (5 and 50 mg/kg, ip) was evaluated in mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC 10%, ip) as T-dependent antigen, or in mice stimulated with mitogens (10 micro g, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, LPS, ip). The same doses (5 and 50 mg/kg, ip) of A. tenella extract were also tested for antitumor activity, using the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as model. The results showed that 50 mg/kg A. tenella extract ip significantly enhanced IgM (64%) and IgG2a (50%) antibody production in mice treated with LPS mitogen. The same dose had no effect on IgM-specific response, whereas the 5 mg/kg treatment caused a statiscally significant reduction of anti-SRBC IgM-specific antibodies (82%). The aqueous extract of A. tenella (50 mg/kg) increased the life span (from 16 +/- 1 to 25 +/- 1 days) and decreased the number of viable tumor cells (59%) in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The present findings are significant for the development of alternative, inexpensive and perhaps even safer strategies for cancer treatment. (+info)Pfaffia paniculata-induced changes in plasma estradiol-17beta, progesterone and testosterone levels in mice. (2/48)
The present study undertook chemical analysis of components of Pfaffia paniculata roots. In addition, an animal experiment was conducted in which mice had ad libitum access to water enriched with powdered P. paniculata root for 30 days. Changes in plasma concentrations of estradiol-17beta and progesterone in female mice and of testosterone in male mice were ascertained. The results revealed that P. paniculata roots contain two types of phytosteroids, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, in addition to other compounds such as pfaffic acid, allantoin, saponins, beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside, and stigmasteryl-beta-D-glucoside. Regarding changes in plasma concentrations of hormones, levels of the sex hormones estradiol-17beta, progesterone and testosterone were clearly higher for mice that drank P. paniculata root-enriched water than for mice that drank plain water. Powdered P. paniculata root is easily dissolved in feed or water, and as no adverse reactions were seen in mice within 30 days of oral intake, consumption of P. paniculata for long periods of time appears safe. (+info)Construction and differential screening of a cDNA library specific to osmotic stress of Haloxylon ammodendron seedlings. (3/48)
A subtracted cDNA library specific to osmotic stress of Haloxylon ammodendron (Mey.) Bge seedlings was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and T/A cloning. SSH was performed between two groups of H. ammodendron seedlings, one was cultivated in Hoagland (H) solution as a driver and the other group was treated with osmotic stress of the Hoagland solution by the addition of 400 mM mannitol (M), as a tester. The library consisted of about 400 recombinant clones, with the average size being of 500 bp, ranging from 300 bp to 1500 bp. Using a PCR-select differential screening kit, 100 recombinant clones were randomly chosen from the subtracted cDNA library and hybridized with forward, reverse subtracted and unsubtracted probes for two rounds. As a result, 21 positive clones specific to osmotic stress were obtained and some of them were verified by Northern blot analysis. The sequencing analysis of 6 positive clones and the following homology comparison to GenBank [blastx] non-redundant databases characterized that two sequences obtained in this experiment may contribute to novel drought-related genes. (+info)Antimicrobial screening and quantitative determination of benzoic acid derivative of Gomphrena celosioides by TLC-densitometry. (4/48)
The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract and pure compounds of Gomphrena celosioides have been screened by Kirby-Bauer method. Quantitative determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid in stems, leaves, flowers and roots was established by TLC-densitometry. Results showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. There were no significant differences in the determined benzoic acid derivative. (+info)Seed germination and seedling emergence of three annuals growing on desert sand dunes in China. (5/48)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Information on the initial growth characteristics of annuals found in Chinese deserts is very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate seed germination and interactive effects of irrigation and seed burial depth in sand on seedling emergence and seedling survival in three annuals (Agriophyllum squarrosum, Bassia dasyphylla and Aristida adscensionis) commonly growing on sand dunes in these regions. METHODS: Effects of temperature, light and polyethylene glycol-6000 on seed germination were examined by irrigating seeds sown on filter paper in Petri dishes. Seedling emergence was examined for seeds sown on the surface of, or at different depths (5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm) in, sand-filled pots, which were irrigated under different regimes. For seeds buried at a depth of 50 mm, seed viability was examined after irrigation of the pots. KEY RESULTS: Seeds of three species germinated at most temperatures recorded between spring and autumn in their native habitats. No seed dormancy was found in any species. For all three species, seedling emergence was most favoured when seeds were buried at a depth of 10 mm. When seeds sown on the sand surface were irrigated, seed germination was considerably suppressed due to water deficiency, but many seeds remained viable. For A. squarrosum and B. dasyphylla, many seeds that were deeply buried and irrigated remained ungerminated but viable, while for A. adscensionis deeply buried seeds germinated, but the seedlings did not emerge due to unfavourable seedling growth in deep sand. CONCLUSIONS: Precipitation is the most crucial factor in determining the seasonal emergence of seedlings of the three tested species in the field. The vertical distribution of seeds in sand determines the proportion of seeds that germinate after precipitation and acts to maintain seed banks over multiple years. (+info)The p92 polymerase coding region contains an internal RNA element required at an early step in Tombusvirus genome replication. (6/48)
The replication of positive-strand RNA viral genomes involves various cis-acting RNA sequences. Generally, regulatory RNA sequences are present at or near genomic termini; however, internal replication elements (IREs) also exist. Here we report the structural and functional characterization of an IRE present in the readthrough portion of the p92 polymerase gene of Tomato bushy stunt virus. Analysis of this element in the context of a noncoding defective interfering RNA revealed a functional core structure composed of two noncontiguous segments of sequence that interact with each other to form an extended helical conformation. IRE activity required maintenance of several base-paired sections as well as two distinct structural features: (i) a short, highly conserved segment that can potentially form two different and mutually exclusive structures and (ii) an internal loop that contains a critical CC mismatch. The IRE was also shown to play an essential role within the context of the viral genome. In vivo analysis with novel RNA-based temperature-sensitive genomic mutants and translationally active subgenomic viral replicons revealed the following about the IRE: (i) it is active in the positive strand, (ii) it is dispensable late in the viral RNA replication process, and (iii) it is functionally inhibited by active translation over its sequence. Together, these results suggest that IRE activity is required in the cytosol at an early step in the viral replication process, such as template recruitment and/or replicase complex assembly. (+info)Vertical distribution of the free-living amoeba population in soil under desert shrubs in the Negev desert, Israel. (7/48)
A field study was designed to examine the effect of desert shrubs on the dynamics of free-living amoebae in arid soil. Soil samples from 0- to 50-cm depths were collected at 10-cm intervals in each of the four seasons. The vertical distributions of the four main morphological types of amoebae, grouped according to their mobility, and of small flagellate populations were measured under the canopies of Hammada scoparia and Atriplex halimus, shrubs belonging to the chloride-absorbing xerohalophytes. The result obtained from the field study demonstrated that the total number of protozoa was significantly higher during the wet seasons (winter and spring) than during the dry seasons. The protozoan population was more diverse under the canopy of H. scoparia during the wet seasons, reaching 8,000 individuals per 1 g of dry soil, whereas during the dry seasons, the populations were higher under the canopy of A. halimus, with a mean of 250 individuals. The protozoan population in the deeper layers (40 to 50 cm) was found to be as active as that in the upper layers, demonstrating that, in the desert, soil columns below 20 cm are fertile and worth studying. The type 1 amoebae (e.g., Acanthamoeba and Filamoeba spp.) were the most abundant throughout the study period, and their numbers were significantly higher than those of the other amoeba types. (+info)Haloxylines A and B, antifungal and cholinesterase inhibiting piperidine alkaloids from Haloxylon salicornicum. (8/48)
Haloxylines A (1) and B (2), new piperidine alkaloids, have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Haloxylon salicornicum and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including 2D-NMR. Both the compounds displayed antifungal and cholinesterase enzymes inhibitory potentials. (+info)Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants also known as the amaranth family. It includes a wide variety of plants, such as amaranths, beets, spinach, and tumbleweeds. These plants are characterized by their small to minute flowers that are usually arranged in dense spikes or clusters. The leaves can be simple or compound, and the plant can take various forms, including herbs, shrubs, and trees. Some members of this family contain betalains, which are red, yellow, or purple pigments found in the stems, roots, and flowers of certain plants. These pigments have antioxidant properties and are used as food colorings. Many species in Amaranthaceae are important crops for human consumption, providing sources of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
'Amaranthus' is the scientific name for a genus of plants that includes around 60-75 species, many of which are commonly known as amaranths. These plants belong to the family Amaranthaceae and are native to both temperate and tropical regions around the world. Some amaranth species are grown for their edible leaves and seeds, while others are cultivated as ornamental plants due to their attractive foliage and flowers.
The term 'Amaranthus' does not have a specific medical definition, but some amaranth species do have various health benefits and uses. For instance, the seeds of certain amaranth species are rich in protein, fiber, and essential minerals like iron, magnesium, and manganese. They also contain a good amount of lysine, an essential amino acid that is often lacking in cereal grains. As a result, amaranth seeds have been used as a nutritious food source in many cultures throughout history.
Additionally, some research suggests that certain amaranth extracts may possess medicinal properties. For example, a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that an ethanolic extract of Amaranthus retroflexus (a common weed known as redroot pigweed) exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits and determine the safety and efficacy of amaranth-based treatments.
Chenopodiaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as goosefoot family. It includes a number of genera and species that are commonly found in various parts of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The plants in this family are characterized by their fleshy leaves and stems, and tiny flowers that lack petals.
Some well-known genera in Chenopodiaceae include Chenopodium (goosefoot), Atriplex (saltbush), and Beta (beet). Many of the plants in this family have economic importance as food crops, ornamental plants, and sources of medicinal compounds. For example, beets, spinach, and chard are all members of Chenopodiaceae that are commonly consumed as vegetables.
It's worth noting that recent taxonomic revisions have led to some changes in the classification of this family, with many of its genera now being placed in other families such as Amaranthaceae. However, the name Chenopodiaceae is still widely used and recognized in the scientific literature.
Betalains are a group of pigments that are responsible for the red, yellow, and purple colors in some fruits, vegetables, and flowers. They are water-soluble nitrogenous vacuolar pigments that are synthesized from tyrosine. Betalains are divided into two categories: betacyanins (red-violet) and betaxanthins (yellow-orange).
Betalains have antioxidant properties, which contribute to their potential health benefits. They are found in a limited number of plant families, including the Caryophyllales order, which includes beets, chard, amaranth, and prickly pear cactus. Unlike anthocyanins, which are another group of pigments commonly found in plants, betalains do not appear to be present in significant amounts in green leafy vegetables or other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.
Amaranthaceae
Ptilotus spathulatus
Ptilotus clementii
Ptilotus rotundifolius
List of basal superasterid families
APG IV system
Aerva lanata
Amaranthus grandiflorus
Suaeda aegyptiaca
Reveal system
Dysphania graveolens
Amaranth
Wildlife of Somalia
List of Bohol flora and fauna
Exomis microphylla
Halocnemum
Tristan da Cunha
Aerva
Nathaniel Lord Britton
Dyssodia papposa
Malva sylvestris
Atriplex semibaccata
Addison Brown
Betoideae
George Charles Deering
Amaranthus mitchellii
Amaranthus crassipes
Suaeda pulvinata
Centemopsis kirkii
Zelkova
No data available that match "amaranthaceae"
Chenopodiaceae4
- The Amaranthaceae (sensu stricto) are predominantly tropical, whereas the former Chenopodiaceae have their centers of diversity in dry temperate and warm temperate areas. (wikipedia.org)
- Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae have long been recognized as allied families that share a number of features: generally small flowers, one perianth whorl, a syncarpous gynoecium with a superior ovary and often only one ovule, basal or free-central placentation, pollen characteristics, centrospermous embryo development, betalain pigments, and P-type form (c) sieve-element plastids. (floranorthamerica.org)
- Following the recent assimilation of the chenopodiaceae family, there are now over 2,000 species in the amaranthaceae , or amaranth family, of which around 30 are found in the UK. (uksouthwest.net)
- Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological studies, the new genera Sedobassia Freitag & G. Kadereit and Spirobassia Freitag & G. Kadereit were described in the tribe Camphorosmeae (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae sensu APG IV). (geoscienceworld.org)
Amaranthus2
- Amaranthaceae (/ˌæmərænˈθeɪsiaɪ, -iiː/ AM-ər-an-THAY-see-e(y)e) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus Amaranthus. (wikipedia.org)
- Amaranthaceae Amaranthus x hybridus hort. (bas-net.by)
Celosia1
- Iamonico, D. 2013b: About the circumscription of Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae) and the Linnaean related taxa. (sciendo.com)
Flora1
- Dysphania anthelmintica (Amaranthaceae), new to the non-native flora of Italy, and taxonomic considerations on the related species. (sciendo.com)
Amaranth2
- Amaranthaceae , the amaranth family, contains some 174 genera and around 2,500 species distributed worldwide. (britannica.com)
- Spinach belongs to the Amaranth family Amaranthaceae , a flowering plant family that contains about 160 genera and 2,400 species. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Caryophyllales1
- Spinach is an annual plant, Spinacia oleracea, of the flowering plant family of Amaranthaceae and order Caryophyllales, which is popularly cultivated as a leaf vegetable. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Genera1
- The following is a list of some of the major genera and species in the family Amaranthaceae, arranged alphabetically by common name. (britannica.com)
Gomphrena2
- Gomphrena globosa L. (Amaranthaceae) is used in folk medicine in the treatment of high blood pressure and other diseases. (researchgate.net)
- Iamonico, D. 2012a: (2107) Proposal to reject the name Gomphrena polygonoides ( Amaranthaceae ). (sciendo.com)
Genus1
- Iamonico, D. 2014c: Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Achyranthes L. ( Amaranthaceae ). (sciendo.com)
Family5
- Amaranthaceae is a widespread and cosmopolitan family from the tropics to cool temperate regions. (wikipedia.org)
- The family Amaranthaceae is in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants) . (theplantlist.net)
- includes 7,887 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Amaranthaceae . (theplantlist.net)
- includes a further 2,162 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the family Amaranthaceae . (theplantlist.net)
- Some other species of plants also are commonly called spinach, including New Zealand spinach, Tetrogonia expansa in the Aizoaceae family, and Mountain spinach, Atriplex hortense in the Amaranthaceae family. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
JUSS2
- Based on the analysis of field materials collected during our field trips in 2017-2021, literature data and specimens stored at the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany, a list of alien representatives from the families Amaranthaceae Juss. (plantfungalres.az)
- Amaranthaceae Juss. (jmbfs.org)
Amaranthoideae1
- Amaranthaceae are usually divided into subfamilies Amaranthoideae (anthers 4-locular with two lines of dehiscence) and Gomphrenoideae Schinz (anthers 2-locular with one line of dehiscence). (floranorthamerica.org)
Occurrence1
- Widespread in the Amaranthaceae is the occurrence of betalain pigments. (wikipedia.org)
Group1
- this makes the Amaranthaceae the largest group with this photosynthesis pathway among the eudicots (which collectively includes about 1,600 C4 species). (wikipedia.org)
Genus2
- The genus Halodiplosis includes 99 species restricted to host-plants of the Amaranthaceae, virtually all of which are from Central Asia. (tau.ac.il)
- A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). (bvsalud.org)
Species3
- this makes the Amaranthaceae the largest group with this photosynthesis pathway among the eudicots (which collectively includes about 1,600 C4 species). (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, the present chapter reviews the literature data of the bioactive chemical constituents and biotechnological production of secondary metabolites in Amaranthaceae plants (Gomphreneae tribe), species that have many pharmacological properties and other applications. (benthamscience.com)
- We investigated the pollen morphology of two native species of Amaranthaceae and three of Araliaceae from forest fragments in order to contribute with the palynology, taxonomy, and conservation of degraded areas. (scielo.br)
Sensu1
- Rubisco evolution in C₄ eudicots: an analysis of Amaranthaceae sensu lato. (ox.ac.uk)
Native1
- Amaranthaceae, or that it's native to Asia? (nih.gov)
Familia1
- Género de plantas de la familia AMARANTHACEAE, mejor conocida como fuente de cosechas de grano de alto contenido en proteínas y del colorante rojo No. 2 (COLORANTE DE AMARANTO). (bvsalud.org)
Plants1
- Biotechnological investigation with Amaranthaceae plants from the Gomphreneae tribe, demonstrated their potential for bioprospection of bioactive natural compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, terpenoides and saponins. (benthamscience.com)
South America1
- Centers of diversity for Amaranthaceae are southwestern North America, Central America, South America, and Africa south of the Sahara Desert. (neonscience.org)
Multiple2
- The multiple origin of C4 photosynthesis in the Amaranthaceae is regarded as an evolutionary response to inexorably decreasing atmospheric CO2 levels, coupled with a more recent permanent shortage in water supply as well as high temperatures. (wikipedia.org)
- Two Rubisco residues, 281 and 309, were found to be under positive selection in C₄ Amaranthaceae with multiple parallel replacements of alanine by serine at position 281 and methionine by isoleucine at position 309. (ox.ac.uk)