Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
Aneurysm, Dissecting
Aorta, Thoracic
Marfan Syndrome
Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
Aorta, Abdominal
Blood Vessel Prosthesis
Aortography
Endovascular Procedures
Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular
Aortic Rupture
Stents
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
Heart Valve Diseases
Elastin
Postoperative Complications
Angioplasty
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Treatment Outcome
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Aortic Valve
Retrospective Studies
Reoperation
Follow-Up Studies
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Endovascular stent graft repair of aortopulmonary fistula. (1/1622)
Two patients who had aortopulmonary fistula of postoperative origin with hemoptysis underwent successful repair by means of an endovascular stent graft procedure. One patient had undergone repeated thoracotomies two times, and the other one time to repair anastomotic aneurysms of the descending aorta after surgery for Takayasu's arteritis. A self-expanding stainless steel stent covered with a Dacron graft was inserted into the lesion through the external iliac or femoral artery. The patients recovered well, with no signs of infection or recurrent hemoptysis 8 months after the procedure. Endovascular stent grafting may be a therapeutic option for treating patients with aortopulmonary fistula. (+info)Analysis of macrophage scavenger receptor (SR-A) expression in human aortic atherosclerotic lesions. (2/1622)
The class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) are trimeric, integral membrane glycoproteins that exhibit unusually broad ligand-binding properties. A number of studies have suggested that these receptors may play an important role in host defense and in many macrophage-associated pathological processes, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. The study of the expression and function of these receptors in human disease has been hampered by the lack of suitable antibodies recognizing human SR-A. This has generated questions regarding the nature of receptors responsible for scavenger receptor activity detected in a variety of cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. To address these questions, we have produced high-titer antisera recognizing human SR-A by using mice deficient for SR-A (SR-A -/-). We show that SR-A -/- mice produce a significantly higher-titer immune response than do wild-type (SR-A +/+) littermates, with antisera of the former having a broad species reactivity and recognizing SR-A from humans, mice, and rabbits. The antisera recognize both type I and II SR-A in a wide range of immunological techniques. Using these antisera we show that the expression of SR-A protein is induced during monocyte to macrophage differentiation and that SR-A mediates 80% of the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein by human monocyte-derived macrophages. We also establish that human SR-A is expressed by tissue macrophages in liver and lung and by macrophage-derived foam cells within aortic atherosclerotic lesions, with little detectable expression by smooth muscle cells or aortic endothelium. (+info)Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65. (3/1622)
Recent data suggest that the immune system is involved in atherogenesis. Thus, interest has been raised as to the possible antigens that could serve as the initiators of the immune reaction. In the current work, we studied the effects of immunization with recombinant heat shock protein-65 (HSP-65) and HSP-65-rich Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) on early atherogenesis in C57BL/6J mice fed either a normal chow diet or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). A rapid, cellular immune response to HSP-65 was evident in mice immunized with HSP-65 or with MT but not in the animals immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone. Early atherosclerosis was significantly enhanced in HCD-fed mice immunized with HSP-65 (n=10; mean aortic lesion size, 45 417+/-9258 microm2) or MT (n=15; 66 350+/-6850 microm2) compared with PBS-injected (n=10; 10 028+/-3599 microm2) or nonimmunized (n=10; 9500+/-2120 microm2) mice. No fatty streak lesions were observed in mice fed a chow diet regardless of the immunization protocol applied. Immunohistochemical analysis of atherosclerotic lesions from the HSP-65- and MT-immunized mice revealed infiltration of CD4 lymphocytes compared with the relatively lymphocyte-poor lesions in the PBS-treated or nonimmunized mice. Direct immunofluorescence analysis of lesions from HSP-65- and MT-immunized mice fed an HCD exhibited extensive deposits of immunoglobulins compared with the fatty streaks in the other study groups, consistent with the larger and more advanced lesions found in the former 2 groups. This model, which supports the involvement of HSP-65 in atherogenesis, furnishes a valuable tool to study the role of the immune system in atherogenesis. (+info)Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides enhance integrin-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen. (4/1622)
Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, accumulate in atherosclerotic vessels. Their role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is unknown. Gangliosides isolated from tumor cells promote collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and ATP secretion and enhance platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen. These activities are all mediated by ganglioside effects on the platelet integrin collagen receptor alpha2beta1. Therefore, we hypothesized that gangliosides isolated from atherosclerotic plaques would enhance platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen, a major component of the subendothelial matrix of blood vessels. Furthermore, we questioned whether this effect of atherosclerotic gangliosides might play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, we isolated the gangliosides from postmortem aortas of patients with extensive atherosclerotic disease and examined their effects on platelet adhesion. Samples of aortic tissue taken from areas involved with atherosclerotic plaque demonstrated accumulation of gangliosides (64.9+/-6.5 nmol/g wet weight) compared with gangliosides isolated from control normal aortic tissue taken from children who died of noncardiac causes (NAGs; 21.1+/-6.4 nmol/g wet weight). Interestingly, samples of tissue taken from diseased aortas but from areas not involved with gross plaque formation also demonstrated ganglioside accumulation (47.6+/-12.8 nmol/g wet weight). Next, the activity of each of these gangliosides on platelet adhesion to immobilized type I collagen was studied. Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides (AAGs) as well as those isolated from grossly unaffected areas of the same aorta (UAGs) both increased platelet adhesion compared with control NAGs (OD570, 0. 37+/-0.11 and 0.29+/-0.14 versus 0.16+/-0.07, respectively; P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). These OD570 values corresponded to 9x10(5), 8x10(4), and 6x10(3) platelets per well after preincubation with 5 micromol/L AAG, UAG, and NAG, respectively. Increased adhesion was observed after preincubation with as little as 0.5 micromol/L AAG, and maximal adhesion was seen at 2.5 micromol/L, with a plateau extending to the highest concentration tested, 10 micromol/L. The effect of AAGs on platelet adhesion to collagen was abrogated by incubation of treated platelets with F-17 anti-alpha2 monoclonal antibody (OD570, 0.13+/-0.02). Finally, the effects of the major individual gangliosides isolated from atherosclerotic tissues, GM3 and GD3, were tested. GM3 increased adhesion to collagen (OD570, 0.415+/-0.06) as did GD3 (0.31+/-0.08). Similar to that of AAGs, the effect of both molecules was blocked by F-17 (0. 09+/-0.04 and 0.13+/-0.06, respectively). These experiments demonstrate that accumulated atherosclerotic gangliosides promote platelet adhesion to collagen, the major component of the subendothelial matrix. Furthermore, this activity is mediated by an effect of the gangliosides on the collagen-binding integrin alpha2beta1. This activity may provide a mechanism for the development of platelet thrombi at sites where atherosclerotic gangliosides accumulate and help to explain the role of platelets in the process of atherosclerotic disease progression. (+info)ApoA1 reduces free cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-deficient mice transplanted with ApoE-expressing macrophages. (5/1622)
Along with apolipoprotein (apo) E, which promotes cholesterol efflux from foam cells, apoA1-containing high density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to facilitate the transport of cholesterol from lesions. This role for apoA1 was tested in vivo by lethally irradiating apoE-deficient and apoE- plus apoA1-deficient mice and reconstituting them with bone marrow cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. ApoE, but not apoA1, was synthesized by the transplanted bone marrow-derived cells. Therefore, this transplantation procedure generated apoE-deficient animals with atherosclerotic lesions that contained both apoE and apoA1 (E/A1 mice) and apoE-deficient animals with lesions that contained apoE but no apoA1 (E/A1o mice). As shown previously, the transplanted WT macrophage-derived apoE dramatically lowered the plasma hypercholesterolemia in both groups. On feeding with an atherogenic diet after transplantation, plasma cholesterol levels were raised in both groups of mice, but the levels in the E/A1 mice at 20 weeks were 2- to 3-fold higher than in E/A1o mice. Immunohistochemical staining verified that apoE was abundant in lesions of both groups, whereas apoA1 was detected in the lesions of E/A1 mice only. Despite a 2- to 3-fold lower total plasma cholesterol in the E/A1o mice, the free cholesterol recovered from isolated aortas was approximately 60% higher and the mean lesion area in serial sections of the aortic valves 45% larger. Therefore, apoA1 reduces free cholesterol accumulation in vivo in atherosclerotic lesions. (+info)Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (6/1622)
The study of atherogenesis in humans has been restricted by the limited availability and brief in vitro life span of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We describe plaque SMC lines with extended life spans generated by the expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E6 and E7 genes, which has been shown to extend the life span of normal adult human aortic SMCs. Resulting cell lines (pdSMC1A and 2) demonstrated at least 10-fold increases in life span; pdSMC1A became immortal. The SMC identity of both pdSMC lines was confirmed by SM22 mRNA expression. pdSMC2 were generally diploid but with various structural and numerical alterations; pdSMC1A demonstrated several chromosomal abnormalities, most commonly -Y, +7, -13, anomalies previously reported in both primary pdSMCs and atherosclerotic tissue. Confluent pdSMC2 appeared grossly similar to HPV-16 E6/E7-expressing normal adult aortic SMCs (AASMCs), exhibiting typical SMC morphology/growth patterns; pdSMC1A displayed irregular cell shape/organization with numerous mitotic figures. Dedifferentiation to a synthetic/proliferative phenotype has been hypothesized as a critical step in atherogenesis, because rat neonatal SMCs and adult intimal SMCs exhibit similar gene expression patterns. To confirm that our pdSMC lines likewise express this apparent plaque phenotype, osteopontin, platelet-derived growth factor B, and elastin mRNA levels were determined in pdSMC1A, pdSMC2, and AASMCs. However, no significant increases in osteopontin or platelet-derived growth factor B expression levels were observed in either pdSMC compared with AASMCs. pdSMC2 alone expressed high levels of elastin mRNA. Lower levels of SM22 mRNA in pdSMC1A suggested greater dedifferentiation and/or additional population doublings in pdSMC1A relative to pdSMC2. Both pdSMC lines (particularly 1A) demonstrated high message levels for matrix Gla protein, previously reported to be highly expressed by human neointimal SMCs in vitro. These results describe 2 novel plaque cell lines exhibiting various features of plaque SMC biology; pdSMC2 may represent an earlier plaque SMC phenotype, whereas pdSMC1A may be representative of cells comprising an advanced atherosclerotic lesion. (+info)Expression of interleukin-10 in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques: relation to inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death. (7/1622)
Inflammation is a major feature of human atherosclerosis and is central to development and progression of the disease. A variety of proinflammatory cytokines are expressed in the atherosclerotic plaque and may modulate extracellular matrix remodeling, cell proliferation, and cell death. Little is known, however, about the expression and potential role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in human atherosclerosis. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a major anti-inflammatory cytokine whose expression and potential effects in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques have not been evaluated. We studied 21 advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. IL-10 expression was analyzed by use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was assessed by using immunohistochemistry, and cell death was determined by use of the TUNEL method. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction identified IL-10 mRNA in 12 of 17 atherosclerotic plaques. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections and double staining identified immunoreactive IL-10 mainly in macrophages, as well as in smooth muscle cells. Consistent with its anti-inflammatory properties, high levels of IL-10 expression were associated with significant decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (P<0.0001) and cell death (P<0. 0001). Hence, IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, is expressed in a substantial number of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques and might contribute to the modulation of the local inflammatory response and protect from excessive cell death in the plaque. (+info)Reduction of serum cholesterol and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinol diglucoside isolated from flaxseed. (8/1622)
BACKGROUND: Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a plant lignan isolated from flaxseed. Lignans are platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonists that would inhibit the production of oxygen radicals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. SDG is an antioxidant. Antioxidants studied thus far are known to reduce hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of SDG on various blood lipid and aortic tissue oxidative stress parameters and on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rabbits were assigned to 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, SDG control (15 mg. kg body wt-1. d-1 PO); group 3, 1% cholesterol diet; and group 4, same as group 3 but with added SDG (15 mg. kg body wt-1. d-1 PO). Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and after 4 and 8 weeks of experimental diets for measurement of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C). The aorta was removed at the end of the protocol for assessment of atherosclerotic plaques; malondialdehyde, an aortic tissue lipid peroxidation product; and aortic tissue chemiluminescence, a marker for antioxidant reserve. Serum TC, LDL-C, and the ratios LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C increased in groups 3 and 4 compared with time 0, the increase being smaller in group 4 than in group 3. Serum HDL-C decreased in group 3 and increased in group 4 compared with time 0, but changes were lower in group 3 than in group 4. SDG reduced TC and LDL-C by 33% and 35%, respectively, at week 8 but increased HDL-C significantly, by>140%, as early as week 4. It also decreased TC/LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios by approximately 64%. There was an increase in aortic malondialdehyde and chemiluminescence in group 3, and they were lower in group 4 than in group 3. SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by 73%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that SDG reduced hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis and that this effect was associated with a decrease in serum cholesterol, LDL-C, and lipid peroxidation product and an increase in HDL-C and antioxidant reserve. (+info)Aortic diseases refer to conditions that affect the aorta, which is the largest and main artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Aortic diseases can weaken or damage the aorta, leading to various complications. Here are some common aortic diseases with their medical definitions:
1. Aortic aneurysm: A localized dilation or bulging of the aortic wall, which can occur in any part of the aorta but is most commonly found in the abdominal aorta (abdominal aortic aneurysm) or the thoracic aorta (thoracic aortic aneurysm). Aneurysms can increase the risk of rupture, leading to life-threatening bleeding.
2. Aortic dissection: A separation of the layers of the aortic wall due to a tear in the inner lining, allowing blood to flow between the layers and potentially cause the aorta to rupture. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
3. Aortic stenosis: A narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the heart to the aorta. This can lead to shortness of breath, chest pain, and other symptoms. Severe aortic stenosis may require surgical or transcatheter intervention to replace or repair the aortic valve.
4. Aortic regurgitation: Also known as aortic insufficiency, this condition occurs when the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak back into the heart. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. Treatment may include medication or surgical repair or replacement of the aortic valve.
5. Aortitis: Inflammation of the aorta, which can be caused by various conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, or vasculitides. Aortitis can lead to aneurysms, dissections, or stenosis and may require medical treatment with immunosuppressive drugs or surgical intervention.
6. Marfan syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue, including the aorta. People with Marfan syndrome are at risk of developing aortic aneurysms and dissections, and may require close monitoring and prophylactic surgery to prevent complications.
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a localized dilatation or bulging of the thoracic aorta, which is the part of the aorta that runs through the chest cavity. The aorta is the largest artery in the body, and it carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Thoracic aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere along the thoracic aorta, but they are most commonly found in the aortic arch or the descending thoracic aorta. These aneurysms can vary in size, and they are considered significant when they are 50% larger than the expected normal diameter of the aorta.
The exact cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms is not fully understood, but several factors can contribute to their development, including:
* Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries)
* High blood pressure
* Genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
* Infections or inflammation of the aorta
* Trauma to the chest
Thoracic aortic aneurysms can be asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies, or they may present with symptoms such as chest pain, cough, difficulty swallowing, or hoarseness. If left untreated, thoracic aortic aneurysms can lead to serious complications, including aortic dissection (tearing of the inner layer of the aorta) or rupture, which can be life-threatening.
Treatment options for thoracic aortic aneurysms include medical management with blood pressure control and cholesterol-lowering medications, as well as surgical repair or endovascular stenting, depending on the size, location, and growth rate of the aneurysm. Regular follow-up imaging is necessary to monitor the size and progression of the aneurysm over time.
A dissecting aneurysm is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear in the inner layer of the artery wall, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the artery wall. This can cause the artery to bulge or balloon out, leading to a dissection aneurysm.
Dissecting aneurysms can occur in any artery, but they are most commonly found in the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. When a dissecting aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it is often referred to as a "dissecting aortic aneurysm."
Dissecting aneurysms can be caused by various factors, including high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries), genetic disorders that affect the connective tissue, trauma, or illegal drug use (such as cocaine).
Symptoms of a dissecting aneurysm may include sudden severe chest or back pain, which can feel like ripping or tearing, shortness of breath, sweating, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness. If left untreated, a dissecting aneurysm can lead to serious complications, such as rupture of the artery, stroke, or even death.
Treatment for a dissecting aneurysm typically involves surgery or endovascular repair to prevent further damage and reduce the risk of rupture. The specific treatment approach will depend on various factors, including the location and size of the aneurysm, the patient's overall health, and their medical history.
An aortic aneurysm is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal widening or bulging of the wall of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. When the aortic wall weakens, it can stretch and balloon out, forming an aneurysm.
Aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere along the aorta but are most commonly found in the abdominal section (abdominal aortic aneurysm) or the chest area (thoracic aortic aneurysm). The size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health, determine the risk of rupture and associated complications.
Aneurysms often do not cause symptoms until they become large or rupture. Symptoms may include:
* Pain in the chest, back, or abdomen
* Pulsating sensation in the abdomen
* Difficulty breathing
* Hoarseness
* Coughing or vomiting
Risk factors for aortic aneurysms include age, smoking, high blood pressure, family history, and certain genetic conditions. Treatment options depend on the size and location of the aneurysm and may include monitoring, medication, or surgical repair.
The thoracic aorta is the segment of the largest artery in the human body (the aorta) that runs through the chest region (thorax). The thoracic aorta begins at the aortic arch, where it branches off from the ascending aorta, and extends down to the diaphragm, where it becomes the abdominal aorta.
The thoracic aorta is divided into three parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, and the descending aorta. The ascending aorta rises from the left ventricle of the heart and is about 2 inches (5 centimeters) long. The aortic arch curves backward and to the left, giving rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery. The descending thoracic aorta runs downward through the chest, passing through the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta.
The thoracic aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the upper body, including the head, neck, arms, and chest. It plays a critical role in maintaining blood flow and pressure throughout the body.
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue helps to strengthen and support various structures in the body, including the skin, ligaments, blood vessels, and heart. In Marfan syndrome, the body produces an abnormal amount of a protein called fibrillin-1, which is a key component of connective tissue. This leads to problems with the formation and function of connective tissue throughout the body.
The most serious complications of Marfan syndrome typically involve the heart and blood vessels. The aorta, which is the large artery that carries blood away from the heart, can become weakened and stretched, leading to an increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture. Other common features of Marfan syndrome include long, thin fingers and toes; tall stature; a curved spine; and eye problems such as nearsightedness and lens dislocation.
Marfan syndrome is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene mutation from a parent who has the condition. However, about 25% of cases are the result of a new mutation and occur in people with no family history of the disorder. There is no cure for Marfan syndrome, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
Blood vessel prosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure in which an artificial blood vessel, also known as a vascular graft or prosthetic graft, is inserted into the body to replace a damaged or diseased native blood vessel. The prosthetic graft can be made from various materials such as Dacron (polyester), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), or bovine/human tissue.
The implantation of a blood vessel prosthesis is typically performed to treat conditions that cause narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, or traumatic injuries. The procedure may be used to bypass blocked arteries in the legs (peripheral artery disease), heart (coronary artery bypass surgery), or neck (carotid endarterectomy). It can also be used to replace damaged veins for hemodialysis access in patients with kidney failure.
The success of blood vessel prosthesis implantation depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the location and extent of the vascular disease, and the type of graft material used. Possible complications include infection, bleeding, graft thrombosis (clotting), and graft failure, which may require further surgical intervention or endovascular treatments.
The abdominal aorta is the portion of the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body, that runs through the abdomen. It originates from the thoracic aorta at the level of the diaphragm and descends through the abdomen, where it branches off into several smaller arteries that supply blood to the pelvis, legs, and various abdominal organs. The abdominal aorta is typically divided into four segments: the suprarenal, infrarenal, visceral, and parietal portions. Disorders of the abdominal aorta can include aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and dissections, which can have serious consequences if left untreated.
A blood vessel prosthesis is a medical device that is used as a substitute for a damaged or diseased natural blood vessel. It is typically made of synthetic materials such as polyester, Dacron, or ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) and is designed to mimic the function of a native blood vessel by allowing the flow of blood through it.
Blood vessel prostheses are used in various surgical procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafting, peripheral arterial reconstruction, and the creation of arteriovenous fistulas for dialysis access. The choice of material and size of the prosthesis depends on several factors, such as the location and diameter of the vessel being replaced, the patient's age and overall health status, and the surgeon's preference.
It is important to note that while blood vessel prostheses can be effective in restoring blood flow, they may also carry risks such as infection, thrombosis (blood clot formation), and graft failure over time. Therefore, careful patient selection, surgical technique, and postoperative management are crucial for the success of these procedures.
Aortography is a medical procedure that involves taking X-ray images of the aorta, which is the largest blood vessel in the body. The procedure is usually performed to diagnose or assess various conditions related to the aorta, such as aneurysms, dissections, or blockages.
To perform an aortography, a contrast dye is injected into the aorta through a catheter that is inserted into an artery, typically in the leg or arm. The contrast dye makes the aorta visible on X-ray images, allowing doctors to see its structure and any abnormalities that may be present.
The procedure is usually performed in a hospital or outpatient setting and may require sedation or anesthesia. While aortography can provide valuable diagnostic information, it also carries some risks, such as allergic reactions to the contrast dye, damage to blood vessels, or infection. Therefore, it is typically reserved for situations where other diagnostic tests have been inconclusive or where more invasive treatment may be required.
Endovascular procedures are minimally invasive medical treatments that involve accessing and repairing blood vessels or other interior parts of the body through small incisions or punctures. These procedures typically use specialized catheters, wires, and other tools that are inserted into the body through an artery or vein, usually in the leg or arm.
Endovascular procedures can be used to treat a wide range of conditions, including aneurysms, atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, and other vascular disorders. Some common endovascular procedures include angioplasty, stenting, embolization, and thrombectomy.
The benefits of endovascular procedures over traditional open surgery include smaller incisions, reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, faster recovery times, and lower risks of complications such as infection and bleeding. However, endovascular procedures may not be appropriate for all patients or conditions, and careful evaluation and consideration are necessary to determine the best treatment approach.
Diagnostic techniques in cardiovascular medicine refer to the various tests and methods used to diagnose and evaluate conditions related to the heart and blood vessels. These techniques can be non-invasive or invasive and are designed to provide critical information about a patient's cardiovascular health, such as heart function, blood flow, and the presence of any abnormalities or diseases. Here are some common diagnostic techniques used in cardiovascular medicine:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG is a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It can help detect heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and structural abnormalities.
2. Echocardiogram: This is a non-invasive ultrasound test that produces images of the heart's structures, including the chambers, valves, and major blood vessels. It can help assess heart function, identify damage from heart attacks, and detect various cardiovascular conditions.
3. Stress testing: A stress test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while being monitored by an ECG to evaluate the heart's response to physical exertion. It can help diagnose coronary artery disease, assess exercise capacity, and determine the need for further testing or treatment.
4. Cardiac catheterization: This is an invasive procedure where a thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guided to the heart. It can help diagnose and treat various cardiovascular conditions, such as blocked arteries, heart valve problems, and congenital heart defects.
5. Coronary angiography: During a cardiac catheterization, a special dye is injected into the coronary arteries to visualize blood flow using X-ray imaging. This can help identify blockages or narrowing in the coronary arteries and guide treatment decisions.
6. Nuclear stress testing: This test combines the use of a radioactive tracer with exercise or pharmacological stress to evaluate heart function and blood flow. It can help diagnose coronary artery disease, assess the effectiveness of treatments, and determine the need for further interventions.
7. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This non-invasive imaging technique uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the heart's structure and function. It can help diagnose various cardiovascular conditions, such as heart muscle disorders, valve problems, and congenital heart defects.
8. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This is a specialized ultrasound technique where a probe is inserted through the esophagus to obtain detailed images of the heart's structure and function. It can help diagnose conditions such as blood clots, valve problems, and infective endocarditis.
9. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning: This imaging technique uses a small amount of radioactive tracer to evaluate the metabolic activity of the heart. It can help diagnose coronary artery disease, assess the effectiveness of treatments, and determine the need for further interventions.
10. Electrophysiology studies (EPS): These are invasive procedures where catheters are inserted into the heart to study its electrical system. They can help diagnose and treat various arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Aortic rupture is a medical emergency that refers to the tearing or splitting of the aorta, which is the largest and main artery in the body. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. An aortic rupture can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding and requires immediate medical attention.
There are two types of aortic ruptures:
1. Aortic dissection: This occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall. This can cause the aorta to bulge or split, leading to a rupture.
2. Thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture: An aneurysm is a weakened and bulging area in the aortic wall. When an aneurysm in the thoracic aorta (the part of the aorta that runs through the chest) ruptures, it can cause severe bleeding and other complications.
Risk factors for aortic rupture include high blood pressure, smoking, aging, family history of aortic disease, and certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Symptoms of an aortic rupture may include sudden severe chest or back pain, difficulty breathing, weakness, sweating, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair the aorta and control bleeding.
A stent is a small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to other parts of your body. A stent is placed in an artery as part of a procedure called angioplasty. Angioplasty restores blood flow through narrowed or blocked arteries by inflating a tiny balloon inside the blocked artery to widen it.
The stent is then inserted into the widened artery to keep it open. The stent is usually made of metal, but some are coated with medication that is slowly and continuously released to help prevent the formation of scar tissue in the artery. This can reduce the chance of the artery narrowing again.
Stents are also used in other parts of the body, such as the neck (carotid artery) and kidneys (renal artery), to help maintain blood flow and prevent blockages. They can also be used in the urinary system to treat conditions like ureteropelvic junction obstruction or narrowing of the urethra.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation or bulging of the abdominal aorta, which is the largest artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to the trunk and lower extremities. Normally, the diameter of the abdominal aorta measures about 2 centimeters (cm) in adults. However, when the diameter of the aorta exceeds 3 cm, it is considered an aneurysm.
AAA can occur anywhere along the length of the abdominal aorta, but it most commonly occurs below the renal arteries and above the iliac bifurcation. The exact cause of AAA remains unclear, but several risk factors have been identified, including smoking, hypertension, advanced age, male gender, family history, and certain genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The main concern with AAA is the risk of rupture, which can lead to life-threatening internal bleeding. The larger the aneurysm, the greater the risk of rupture. Symptoms of AAA may include abdominal or back pain, a pulsating mass in the abdomen, or symptoms related to compression of surrounding structures such as the kidneys, ureters, or nerves. However, many AAAs are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during imaging studies performed for other reasons.
Diagnosis of AAA typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options depend on the size and location of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall health status. Small AAAs that are not causing symptoms may be monitored with regular imaging studies to assess for growth. Larger AAAs or those that are growing rapidly may require surgical repair, either through open surgery or endovascular repair using a stent graft.
Heart valve diseases are a group of conditions that affect the function of one or more of the heart's four valves (tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic). These valves are responsible for controlling the direction and flow of blood through the heart. Heart valve diseases can cause the valves to become narrowed (stenosis), leaky (regurgitation or insufficiency), or improperly closed (prolapse), leading to disrupted blood flow within the heart and potentially causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and irregular heart rhythms. The causes of heart valve diseases can include congenital defects, age-related degenerative changes, infections, rheumatic heart disease, and high blood pressure. Treatment options may include medications, surgical repair or replacement of the affected valve(s), or transcatheter procedures.
The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, which originates from the left ventricle of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. It can be divided into several parts, including the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta. The ascending aorta gives rise to the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. The aortic arch gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries, which supply blood to the head, neck, and upper extremities. The descending aorta travels through the thorax and abdomen, giving rise to various intercostal, visceral, and renal arteries that supply blood to the chest wall, organs, and kidneys.
Vascular surgical procedures are operations that are performed to treat conditions and diseases related to the vascular system, which includes the arteries, veins, and capillaries. These procedures can be invasive or minimally invasive and are often used to treat conditions such as peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysms, and venous insufficiency.
Some examples of vascular surgical procedures include:
* Endarterectomy: a procedure to remove plaque buildup from the inside of an artery
* Bypass surgery: creating a new path for blood to flow around a blocked or narrowed artery
* Angioplasty and stenting: using a balloon to open a narrowed artery and placing a stent to keep it open
* Aneurysm repair: surgically repairing an aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of an artery that has bulged out and filled with blood
* Embolectomy: removing a blood clot from a blood vessel
* Thrombectomy: removing a blood clot from a vein
These procedures are typically performed by vascular surgeons, who are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
Elastin is a protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs, allowing them to resume their shape after stretching or contracting. It is a major component of the extracellular matrix in many tissues, including the skin, lungs, blood vessels, and ligaments. Elastin fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their original length and then return to their original shape due to the unique properties of this protein. The elastin molecule is made up of cross-linked chains of the protein tropoelastin, which are produced by cells called fibroblasts and then assembled into larger elastin fibers by enzymes called lysyl oxidases. Elastin has a very long half-life, with some estimates suggesting that it can remain in the body for up to 70 years or more.
Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:
1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.
Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
Angioplasty is a medical procedure used to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels, often referred to as coronary angioplasty when it involves the heart's blood vessels (coronary arteries). The term "angio" refers to an angiogram, which is a type of X-ray image that reveals the inside of blood vessels.
The procedure typically involves the following steps:
1. A thin, flexible catheter (tube) is inserted into a blood vessel, usually through a small incision in the groin or arm.
2. The catheter is guided to the narrowed or blocked area using real-time X-ray imaging.
3. Once in place, a tiny balloon attached to the tip of the catheter is inflated to widen the blood vessel and compress any plaque buildup against the artery walls.
4. A stent (a small mesh tube) may be inserted to help keep the blood vessel open and prevent it from narrowing again.
5. The balloon is deflated, and the catheter is removed.
Angioplasty helps improve blood flow, reduce symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath, and lower the risk of heart attack in patients with blocked arteries. It's important to note that angioplasty is not a permanent solution for coronary artery disease, and lifestyle changes, medications, and follow-up care are necessary to maintain long-term cardiovascular health.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the blood vessels or arteries within the body. It is a type of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that focuses specifically on the circulatory system.
MRA can be used to diagnose and evaluate various conditions related to the blood vessels, such as aneurysms, stenosis (narrowing of the vessel), or the presence of plaques or tumors. It can also be used to plan for surgeries or other treatments related to the vascular system. The procedure does not use radiation and is generally considered safe, although people with certain implants like pacemakers may not be able to have an MRA due to safety concerns.
Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.
X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.
The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.
CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.
In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.
CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.
In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.
The aortic valve is the valve located between the left ventricle (the lower left chamber of the heart) and the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body). It is made up of three thin flaps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow. During a heartbeat, the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta, and then closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when it relaxes. Any abnormality or damage to this valve can lead to various cardiovascular conditions such as aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, or infective endocarditis.
Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.
Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.
Prosthesis design is a specialized field in medical device technology that involves creating and developing artificial substitutes to replace a missing body part, such as a limb, tooth, eye, or internal organ. The design process typically includes several stages: assessment of the patient's needs, selection of appropriate materials, creation of a prototype, testing and refinement, and final fabrication and fitting of the prosthesis.
The goal of prosthesis design is to create a device that functions as closely as possible to the natural body part it replaces, while also being comfortable, durable, and aesthetically pleasing for the patient. The design process may involve collaboration between medical professionals, engineers, and designers, and may take into account factors such as the patient's age, lifestyle, occupation, and overall health.
Prosthesis design can be highly complex, particularly for advanced devices such as robotic limbs or implantable organs. These devices often require sophisticated sensors, actuators, and control systems to mimic the natural functions of the body part they replace. As a result, prosthesis design is an active area of research and development in the medical field, with ongoing efforts to improve the functionality, comfort, and affordability of these devices for patients.
A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.
Contrast media are substances that are administered to a patient in order to improve the visibility of internal body structures or processes in medical imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasounds. These media can be introduced into the body through various routes, including oral, rectal, or intravenous administration.
Contrast media work by altering the appearance of bodily structures in imaging studies. For example, when a patient undergoes an X-ray examination, contrast media can be used to highlight specific organs, tissues, or blood vessels, making them more visible on the resulting images. In CT and MRI scans, contrast media can help to enhance the differences between normal and abnormal tissues, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
There are several types of contrast media available, each with its own specific properties and uses. Some common examples include barium sulfate, which is used as a contrast medium in X-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract, and iodinated contrast media, which are commonly used in CT scans to highlight blood vessels and other structures.
While contrast media are generally considered safe, they can sometimes cause adverse reactions, ranging from mild symptoms such as nausea or hives to more serious complications such as anaphylaxis or kidney damage. As a result, it is important for healthcare providers to carefully evaluate each patient's medical history and individual risk factors before administering contrast media.
Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.
In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.
The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.
Risk assessment in the medical context refers to the process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks to patients, healthcare workers, or the community related to healthcare delivery. It involves determining the likelihood and potential impact of adverse events or hazards, such as infectious diseases, medication errors, or medical devices failures, and implementing measures to mitigate or manage those risks. The goal of risk assessment is to promote safe and high-quality care by identifying areas for improvement and taking action to minimize harm.
In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.
For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.
Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.
Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses. They may have various effects on the organism, ranging from benign to harmful, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. In some cases, mutations can increase an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases or disorders, while in others, they may confer a survival advantage. Mutations are the driving force behind evolution, as they introduce new genetic variability into populations, which can then be acted upon by natural selection.
Aortic dissection
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
List of OMIM disorder codes
Aortic valve repair
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Hurler syndrome
Aortography
Aortic valvuloplasty
Open aortic surgery
P. K. Sen (surgeon)
John Elefteriades
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Alfred George Barrs
Takayasu's arteritis
Fibrillin-1
Miniature Bull Terrier
Alain Carpentier
Spencer W. Kimball
Syphilitic aortitis
Cardiac neural crest
Spinal cord stroke
Arterial stiffness
Lazare Rivière
Behçet's disease
Aortic stenosis
Subvalvular aortic stenosis (canine)
Bicuspid aortic valve
Vascular myelopathy
Horace Smithy
Doxycycline
Aortic Valve Disease - Aortic Care | UCLA Health
The Ross Procedure for Treatment of Pediatric Aortic Valve Disease: Background, History of the Procedure, Relevant Anatomy
Genetically Mediated Aortic Disease Clinic | Cooper University Health Care
Mycoplasma genitalium Endocarditis in Prosthetic Aortic Valve - Volume 29, Number 10-October 2023 - Emerging Infectious...
ACC, AHA Issue Aortic Disease Guideline - American College of Cardiology
Graded murine wire-induced aortic valve stenosis model mimics human functional and morphological disease phenotype
Aortic Valve Disease: Treatment Options Including TAVR | Washington Hospital Healthcare System
Heart Disease - Aortic Aneurysm | Heart Disease Types | Imaginis - The Women's Health & Wellness Resource Network
Mitral and aortic valve disease associated with ergotamine therapy for migraine. Report of two cases and review of literature
Aortic Valve Disease - Cannon Falls - Mayo Clinic Health System
Doppler Evaluation of Aortic Valve Heart Disease
Aortic Valve Disease Archives - Hamilton Health Care System
Elsevier: Aortic Diseases, An Issue of Cardiology Clinics Fleischman
New minimally invasive treatment for thoracic aortic arch disease
Aortic aneurysmal disease and cutis laxa caused by defects in the elastin gene | Journal of Medical Genetics
Disease - Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Prospective Comparison of Plasma Biomarker and Traditional Risk Factor Profiles for Incident Isolated Atherosclerotic Disease...
Update on aortic disease research: Dr. Dianna Milewicz - John Ritter Foundation for Aortic Health
The burden of aortic aneurysm in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | BMC Public...
Association between lipoprotein(a), LPA genetic risk score, aortic valve disease, and subsequent major adverse cardiovascular...
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy, Sick Sinus Disease, and Aortic Dilatation: Too Much for a Single Diagnosis?
-
...
Primary stenting in infrarenal aortic occlusive disease<...
ACC/AHA Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease Guideline Summary
Gene mutations influence risk of thoracic aortic disease severity, according to UTHealth Houston research - UTHealth Houston
Postponed! Final Fridays: Back to Basics of Thoracic Aortic Disease with Dr. Sherene Shalhub - John Ritter Foundation for...
Shahab Toursavadkohi, MD | Vascular Surgeon specializing in Aortic Disease, Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Vascular Disease and Limb...
TEVAR for thoracic aortic disease | Center for Continuing Medical Education
Four-dimensional virtual catheter: Noninvasive assessment of intra-aortic hemodynamics in bicuspid aortic valve disease<...
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: MedlinePlus Genetics
Natural Evolution of Aortic Valve Regurgitation Following Surgery for Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease, IJSR, Call for Papers,...
Stenosis39
- In this educational review, we cover the pathophysiology, presentation and assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR), including the role of imaging modalities beyond echocardiography. (medscape.com)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a type of heart defect. (nih.gov)
- It is characterized by a narrowing (stenosis) of the section of the aorta just above the valve that connects the aorta to the heart (aortic valve). (nih.gov)
- When Do Symptoms of Supravalvular aortic stenosis Begin? (nih.gov)
- Aortic stenosis (AS) occurs in almost 10% of adults over age 80 years with a mortality about 50% at 2 years unless outflow obstruction is relieved by aortic valve replacement (AVR). (nih.gov)
- Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) covers a spectrum of disease from initial changes in the cell biology of the valve leaflets, through early calcification, tissue remodeling and aortic sclerosis, to outflow obstruction and aortic stenosis. (nih.gov)
- Aortic stenosis, the clinical consequence of CAVD, is frequently cited as the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries. (nih.gov)
- The overall prevalence of aortic stenosis in the US is 0.4%, but the figure increases to 1.3% for those over 65 years old and as high as 12.4% for those over 75 years old. (nih.gov)
- Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a devastating disorder characterized by progressive narrowing of the aortic valve (AV) orifice and has a high prevalence ( 1 ) exceeding 2% in a population ≥75 years of age ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Aortic stenosis is a silent threat that does not show symptoms until the heart valve becomes damaged, which leads to blood congestion in the heart chambers, followed by heart failure and sudden death. (bumrungrad.com)
- We divide valvular heart diseases into two broad types: valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency," says Dr. Wattanaphol Phipathananunth , Cardiologist "In valvular stenosis the aortic valve that separates the left ventricle and the body's main blood delivery artery (aorta), does not fully open, which then restricts blood flow to the aorta. (bumrungrad.com)
- Aortic stenosis has three levels of severity: mild, moderate, and severe. (bumrungrad.com)
- Aortic stenosis commonly afflicts the elderly during the body's natural degeneration. (bumrungrad.com)
- But in severe aortic stenosis, the physician will consider valvular replacement for treatment. (bumrungrad.com)
- There are two treatment methods for an aortic stenosis. (bumrungrad.com)
- Although surgery is a highly effective standard treatment for aortic valvular stenosis, not all patients are able to receive it. (bumrungrad.com)
- 72 patients with congenital aortic stenosis whose ages ranged from 1 month to 15 years were under supervision for periods ranging from several months to more than 9 years. (bmj.com)
- Additional malformations were aortic regurgitation, persistent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, and mitral stenosis. (bmj.com)
- However, if aortic stenosis, regurgitation, or dilation should develop, the patient's physician will need to set safe limits for exercise to be established through stress testing and careful monitoring with echocardiography, electrocardiography, and other means. (pted.org)
- In aortic valve disease the valve has become narrowed (stenosis) or started to leak (regurgitation). (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- In aortic stenosis the cusps of the aortic valve may become thickened and have reduced mobility. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- In Aortic Stenosis (AS) or Aortic regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn't open or close completely, restricting the flow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the aorta and the rest of the body or leakage of blood back into the left ventricle. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- As aortic stenosis can be progressive, even mild stenosis should be followed regularly until adulthood. (congenital.org)
- Valvar aortic stenosis is a spectrum, with significant valve obstruction treated in infancy or childhood. (congenital.org)
- The other end of the spectrum is mild stenosis or commonly just a bicuspid aortic valve. (congenital.org)
- For infants, the most common treatment of valvar aortic stenosis is a balloon valvuloplasty, in which the narrowed aortic valve is relieved by the inflation of a balloon. (congenital.org)
- In Discrete Subvalvar Aortic Stenosis (DSVAS), a fibrous ridge obstructs the outflow tract from the left ventricle into the aorta. (congenital.org)
- When aortic insufficiency develops most cardiologists recommend surgical removal of the sub-valvular stenosis in order to halt any further progression of the aortic insufficiency. (congenital.org)
- In this form of aortic stenosis, an hour glass-like narrowing or, less frequently, a more irregular narrowing, exist in the aorta above the aortic valve. (congenital.org)
- Aortic stenosis is a frequent cause of heart failure in the elderly that occurs when deposition of calcium on the aortic valve prevents mobility of the valve and diminishes the flow across the valve. (nih.gov)
- Achievement of these aims will add considerable insight in the mechanisms responsible for the development of aortic stenosis and result in pooled, harmonized datasets available for future analyses. (nih.gov)
- Patients with BAV generally function well until midlife, when symptoms of aortic insufficiency or aortic stenosis appear. (clevelandclinic.org)
- With extensive experience in treating BAV disease, Cleveland Clinic surgeons recommend a different approach: valve repair for patients with aortic insufficiency, and valve replacement with a bioprosthesis for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and those whose valves cannot be repaired. (clevelandclinic.org)
- For patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis, a biological valve offers excellent durability without the need for anticoagulation. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Keywords: Molecular imaging Aortic valve Inflammation Calcification Matrix metalloproteinases INTRODUCTION Aortic stenosis is the most common cause of valvular heart disease and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common cause of aortic stenosis ( 1 ). (biobender.com)
- Currently treatment for CAVD is limited to valve replacement valvuloplasty or transcatheter aortic valve replacement for symptomatic stenosis. (biobender.com)
- It is speculated that this lack of efficacy may be due to initiation of therapeutic interventions at an irreversible stage of CAVD or that because only a fraction of PPP2R1B patients with aortic sclerosis develop symptomatic aortic valve stenosis it may be hard to demonstrate treatment efficacy in the presence of a large number of low risk subjects. (biobender.com)
- Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a heart defect that develops before birth. (nih.gov)
- Cardiovascular effects: Carefully consider whether patients with certain underlying conditions (e.g., cardiovascular disease, impaired autonomic control of blood pressure, aortic stenosis) could be adversely affected by vasodilatory effects of Tadalafil (PAH). (nih.gov)
Aorta42
- Screen first-degree relatives of individuals diagnosed with aneurysms of the aortic root or ascending thoracic aorta, or those with aortic dissection to identify individuals most at risk for aortic disease. (medscape.com)
- Surgery is recommended for patients with aneurysms of aortic root and ascending thoracic aorta with a confirmed growth rate of ≥0.3 cm per year across 2 consecutive years or ≥0.5 cm in 1 year. (medscape.com)
- Thoracic aortic disease refers to conditions that affect the aorta - the largest artery in the body - which carries all the blood that is pumped out of the heart. (upmc.com)
- Bulging or weakened areas in the wall of the aorta, known as aneurysms, can form due to disease or genetics. (upmc.com)
- Since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the clinical application of this technology in the thoracic aorta in 2005, there has been a rapid growth in this treatment modality as numerous endovascular devices have been introduced in the application of thoracic aortic pathology. (nih.gov)
- If dilatation (enlargement) of the ascending aorta should occur, isometric exercise (load bearing or maintaining a specific posture without very much movement of the limbs) and contact sports should be avoided because of the danger of rupture of the aorta or aortic root. (pted.org)
- A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a permanent, localized enlargement of the thoracic aorta. (nih.gov)
- this review focuses on aneurysms involving the aortic root and/or ascending aorta (see Figure 1 ). (nih.gov)
- blood flows from the lumen of the aorta and enters the inner wall separating the intima and media layers of the aortic wall. (nih.gov)
- In type A dissections blood within the aortic wall can either flow distally, up the ascending aorta (anterograde dissection), or back toward the aortic root (retrograde dissection). (nih.gov)
- The aortic valve allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the heart to the aorta, the main blood vessel that brings blood to the body. (snec.com.sg)
- The bicuspid aortic valve defects are sometimes associated with other defects of the aorta and other left side heart abnormalities. (snec.com.sg)
- In familial TAAD, the aorta can become weakened and stretched (aortic dilatation), which can lead to a bulge in the blood vessel wall (an aneurysm). (medlineplus.gov)
- These aortic abnormalities are potentially life-threatening because they can decrease blood flow to other parts of the body such as the brain or other vital organs, or cause the aorta to break open (rupture). (medlineplus.gov)
- In the remainder of cases, the abnormalities are thought to be caused by factors that are not inherited, such as damage to the walls of the aorta from aging, tobacco use, injury, or disease. (medlineplus.gov)
- When affected by disease, the aorta can split (dissection) or dilate (aneurysm) and in either case, the rupture may have fatal results. (honorhealth.com)
- Aorta : official journal of the Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital. (nih.gov)
- The aortic valve controls blood flow from the main pumping chamber of the heart (left ventricle) to the rest of the body through the main artery to your body (the aorta). (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- Aortic valve disease is a condition in which the valve between the main pumping chamber of your heart (left ventricle) and the main artery to your body (aorta) doesn't work properly. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- Aortic disease occurs when the aorta either splits, dissects, or dilates, forming an aneurysm. (bergensurgicalspecialistspa.com)
- Aortic valve is present between the left ventricle of heart and aorta (the largest artery in the body). (medicoverhospitals.in)
- The main function of the aortic valve is to open and close and allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta through which oxygen-rich blood is supplied to the entire body and the coronary arteries. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- Aortic dissection (AD) occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart. (wikipedia.org)
- Aortic dissection can quickly lead to death from insufficient blood flow to the heart or complete rupture of the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
- Anterior chest pain is associated with dissections involving the ascending aorta, while interscapular back pain is associated with descending aortic dissections. (wikipedia.org)
- It is usually associated with pericardial tamponade, severe aortic insufficiency, or rupture of the aorta. (wikipedia.org)
- Aortic disease refers to the various disorders or conditions affecting the aorta. (ntccardiology.com)
- An aortic aneurysm occurs when the walls of the aorta begin to weaken, gradually lose their elasticity and expand or bulge outwards. (ntccardiology.com)
- It can occur in any part of the aorta and would be classified as thoracic aortic aneurysm or abdominal aortic aneurysm depending on the part of the aorta affected. (ntccardiology.com)
- An aortic dissection is a tear in the inner lining of your aorta. (ntccardiology.com)
- An aortic dissection occurring in the ascending aorta is termed Type A and is an emergency that usually requires surgical intervention, while an aortic dissection occurring in the descending aorta is termed Type B and may be managed without surgery by controlling your blood pressure. (ntccardiology.com)
- A penetrating ulcer also termed penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, occurs when the plaque in your aorta forms ulcers that penetrate your aortic wall. (ntccardiology.com)
- There are numerous conditions and diseases that can cause damage to the aorta. (ntccardiology.com)
- Surgery for aortic aneurysm involves replacing the damaged aorta with a graft. (ntccardiology.com)
- Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) - a disease that leaves the aortic valve stiff and calcified, preventing blood flow from the heart into the aorta - affects one quarter of the U.S. population aged 65 and over. (wfamilymedicine.com)
- Some patients with a bicuspid aortic valve may also develop dilation (enlargement) of aorta. (congenital.org)
- Progressive aortic dilation is associated with severe complications such as ascending aorta aneurysm, dissection, and rupture. (medtelligence.net)
- The updated guidance replaces two older documents for identifying and treating disease in the aorta, the artery that carries blood away from the heart as it moves through the chest and abdomen. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
- The condition is described as supravalvular because the section of the aorta that is narrowed is located just above the valve that connects the aorta with the heart (the aortic valve). (nih.gov)
- Aortic narrowing causes the heart to work harder to pump blood through the aorta, resulting in the signs and symptoms of SVAS. (nih.gov)
- The mean size of proximal thoracic aorta at initial encounter, including aortic root, ascending, and arch, for the watched group was 52.1 ± 1.62mm and 52.6 ± 1.81mm in the immediately operated group, p=0.06. (fortunepublish.com)
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease (BAV) patients with an aneurysmal proximal thoracic aorta have a higher risk of acute aortic dissection compared to TAV patients [1]. (fortunepublish.com)
Dissection24
- Consider transferring clinically stable patients with acute type A aortic dissection to a high-volume aortic center to improve survival. (medscape.com)
- Operative repair of type A aortic dissection should entail at least an open distal anastomosis rather than just a simple supracoronary interposition graft. (medscape.com)
- An increasing role exists for thoracic endovascular aortic repair in the management of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection. (medscape.com)
- Recent observational studies have raised concerns that they may be associated with a more than twofold increase in the risk of acute and life-threatening aortic disease (aortic aneurysm or dissection). (sciencedaily.com)
- The researchers were then able to compare the risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection among more than 360,000 treatment episodes of fluoroquinolones with the risk among the same number of treatment episodes of amoxicillin, another type of antibiotic. (sciencedaily.com)
- The results show a 66 per cent increase in the risk of aortic aneurysm or dissection in patients treated with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. (sciencedaily.com)
- Led by the experts at the UPMC Center for Thoracic Aortic Disease, the Aortic Support Group is a free resource open to all patients and concerned family members who have an aortic aneurysm, suffered an acute aortic dissection, or have a genetic condition that puts you at risk for aortic disease. (upmc.com)
- Access to the latest cardiovascular research and trials - the Center is a leading enroller in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissections (IRAD), as well as the leading implanter of the Cook Zenith Dissection Endovascular System. (upmc.com)
- For more information, please go to Aortic Dissection , Aortic Dissection Imaging , Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm , Bedside Ultrasonography Evaluation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm , Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm , Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) , Bicuspid Aortic Valve , Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis , and Noncoronary Atherosclerosis . (medscape.com)
- A newer classification system was proposed in 2020 to define aortic dissections in greater detail based on the location of entry tear and extent of dissection [ Isselbacher et al 2022 ]. (nih.gov)
- Aortic dilatation is generally the first feature of familial TAAD to develop, although in some affected individuals dissection occurs with little or no aortic dilatation. (medlineplus.gov)
- HealthDay News - In a mouse model of moderate, sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD), ciprofloxacin increases susceptibility to aortic dissection and rupture, according to a study published online July 25 in JAMA Surgery . (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
- Neurological complications of aortic dissection, such as stroke and paralysis, are due to the involvement of one or more arteries supplying portions of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- If you develop an aortic tear causing dissection, you may experience sudden severe pain accompanied by a drop in your blood pressure, nausea, and dizziness. (ntccardiology.com)
- For mild symptoms, you will be prescribed medications like calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers to minimize the risk of aortic dissection or rupture. (ntccardiology.com)
- BACKGROUND: Ascending aortic dilation is important in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, with increased risk of aortic dissection. (ox.ac.uk)
- Jia Wen is a statistical geneticist focused on the development of statistical methods and their application to genetic dissection of complex diseases and traits. (nih.gov)
- This study sought to compare the risk of first aortic event, specifically thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery or an aortic dissection , among 7 HTAD genes and variant types within each gene . (bvsalud.org)
- in contrast, patients with TGFBR2 variants had lower cumulative incidence of type A aortic dissection than elective aneurysm surgery . (bvsalud.org)
- Cumulative incidence of type B aortic dissection was higher for ACTA2, PRKG1, and TGFBR2 than other genes . (bvsalud.org)
- For example, the aorta's walls can weaken and bulge, causing an aneurysm, or they can tear, causing an aortic dissection. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
- The risk of having an aortic aneurysm or dissection increases with the size of the injury, but the minimum size for recommending surgery was lowered for people being treated at institutions with multidisciplinary aortic teams and experienced surgeons. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
- Acute type A aortic dissection is a feared complication of thoracic aortic aneurysm because it is associated with a mortality rate of 1-2% per hour after the onset of symptoms, and about 90% deaths within 90 days if left untreated [2]. (fortunepublish.com)
- The doctor's astute decision potentially served as a lifesaver - an aortic aneurysm was discovered - and a mere five days later, Pam found herself in the hospital, not for a simple knee repair, but for open-heart surgery to prevent a potentially life-threatening aortic dissection or rupture. (marfan.org)
Calcific aortic valve5
- The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to encourage innovative molecular and physiological research that could lead to early diagnosis or effective medical therapy for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). (nih.gov)
- In 2011, the NHLBI issued its original Request for Applications (RFA) on Basic Research in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (RFA-HL-12-015). (nih.gov)
- Lack of periostin leads to suppression of Notch1 signaling and calcific aortic valve disease. (nih.gov)
- Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder that ultimately causes gradual narrowing of the left ventricular outflow orifice with ensuing devastating hemodynamic effects on the heart. (frontiersin.org)
- While tissue fibrosis plays a major role in the initiation phase of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), the differential contribution of fibrosis and calcification to late-stage AS is less clear. (frontiersin.org)
Developing aortic valve1
- Consistent with the valve calcification phenotype, Notch1 transcripts were most abundant in the developing aortic valve of mice, and Notch1 repressed the activity of Runx2, a central transcriptional regulator of osteoblast cell fate. (nih.gov)
Abdominal5
- Estes JE Jr. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: A study of 102 cases. (medscape.com)
- In cases where an abdominal aortic aneurysm does not exceed five centimeters or a thoracic aortic aneurysm does not exceed six centimeters, patients should be monitored with diagnostic exams every few months. (imaginis.com)
- Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Diseases-and-Disorders/73501/all/Abdominal_Aortic_Aneurysm. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Different types of aortic aneurysm include abdominal, thoracic or thoraco-abdominal. (bergensurgicalspecialistspa.com)
- Open surgical repair: During an open surgical repair, your surgeon makes an incision on the chest, for a thoracic aortic aneurysm, and in the abdomen, for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. (sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au)
Regurgitation2
- In aortic regurgitation, the aortic valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left ventricle. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- Even for patients who are treated with the valvotomy only, an aortic valve replacement will eventually become necessary because of calcification or valve regurgitation. (congenital.org)
Layers of the aortic wall1
- Diseases like Marfan's syndrome (genetic disorder that affects the tissues holding the body's cells, tissues and organs together), syphilis (sexually transmitted infection) and tuberculosis (bacterial infection that affects the lungs) can weaken the layers of the aortic wall. (sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au)
Insufficiency4
- Design, setting, participants, & measurements Serum OPG was measured in 351 participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from one site of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. (northwestern.edu)
- Moderate aortic insufficiency is poorly tolerated by the left ventricle and will likely result in aortic valve replacement. (congenital.org)
- However, because of its proximity to the aortic valve, it can often result in the development of aortic insufficiency. (congenital.org)
- Cleveland Clinic is one of a select number of U.S. centers offering repair of BAV in patients with aortic insufficiency. (clevelandclinic.org)
Dilation9
- Aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease: flow pattern is a major contributor and differs with valve fusion type. (ox.ac.uk)
- We used cardiovascular MR to understand the pathophysiology better by examining the links between 3-dimensional flow abnormalities, aortic function, and aortic dilation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Patients with BAV with normal flow patterns had similar aortic dimensions and wall shear stress to healthy volunteers and younger patients with BAV showed abnormal flow patterns but no aortic dilation, both further supporting the importance of flow pattern in the pathogenesis of aortic dilation. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSIONS: Flow abnormalities may be a major contributor to aortic dilation in BAV. (ox.ac.uk)
- Researchers at the Northwestern Medicine Department of Radiology , Northwestern Medicine Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary * evaluated the role of wall shear stress as a predictor of progressive aortic dilation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. (medtelligence.net)
- Our findings indicate a potential role of 4D flow MRI derived wall shear stress as a new biomarker for arterial wall remodeling leading to higher rates of progressive aortic dilation in bicuspid aortic valve disease, thus exposing patients to a greater risk for aortic complications," said Michael Markl, Ph.D. , professor & vice chair for research, Departments of Radiology & Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University. (medtelligence.net)
- The study identified 72 bicuspid aortic valve patients who underwent MRI for surveillance of aortic dilation at baseline and follow-up five or more years later. (medtelligence.net)
- For patients with higher rates of aortic dilation, 19.9 percent had elevated wall shear stress at baseline compared to 5.7 percent for those with slower growth rates. (medtelligence.net)
- The BAV registry was developed to better characterize patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease by assessing patterns of aortic dilation, potential genetic markers, and the effects of medical intervention in this population. (fortunepublish.com)
Atherosclerosis4
- Although similar to vascular atherosclerosis, CAVD is not atherosclerosis of the aortic valve. (nih.gov)
- A number of conditions can lead to aortic disease, including atherosclerosis in which plaque builds up inside the artery walls. (bergensurgicalspecialistspa.com)
- From the medical management of atherosclerosis to the complex surgical repair of aortic dissections, our expert team is available around the clock for rapid evaluation and treatment of our patients. (uclahealth.org)
- His research efforts are focused on the effectiveness of existing treatment strategies and therapies for patients with cardiovascular disease, the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular events among patients with coronary artery disease, and pharmacologic and interventional strategies to improve outcomes in patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
Bicuspid aortic valve-related aortic1
- MRI hemodynamic markers of progressive bicuspid aortic valve-related aortic disease. (insa-lyon.fr)
Development of aortic1
- One of the factors involved in the development of aortic disease is increased activity in tissue-degrading enzymes known as matrix metalloproteinases. (sciencedaily.com)
Symptoms14
- Symptoms of this disease may start to appear at any time in life. (nih.gov)
- The age symptoms may begin to appear differs between diseases. (nih.gov)
- The symptoms from some diseases may begin at any age. (nih.gov)
- The types of symptoms experienced, and their intensity, may vary among people with this disease. (nih.gov)
- Symptoms related to this disease may affect different systems of the body. (nih.gov)
- Patients come to us with general heart disease symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion, but we are unable to pinpoint the specific problem without a detailed diagnosis," says Dr. Wattanaphol. (bumrungrad.com)
- Aortic aneurysms usually have no symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
- While aortic aneurysms are common worldwide, it is difficult to determine their exact prevalence because they usually cause no symptoms unless they rupture. (medlineplus.gov)
- Aortic valve disease can cause symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness or blackouts. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- What are the symptoms of aortic valve disease? (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- Some people with aortic valve disease may only have minor symptoms for several years. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- In either case, the results can be life-threatening, making it imperative that any person who experiences symptoms of aortic disease should see a top vascular specialist in Bergen County for diagnosis and treatment. (bergensurgicalspecialistspa.com)
- Symptoms vary from mild to severe and are normally developed during severe disease of the valve. (medicoverhospitals.in)
- It is important to note that medicines can be of help only if the disease is diagnosed in the initial stages without any major visible symptoms. (medicoverhospitals.in)
Multidisciplinary12
- For individuals who require aortic intervention, note that outcomes are optimized when surgery is performed by an experienced surgeon working in a multidisciplinary aortic team. (medscape.com)
- At centers with multidisciplinary aortic teams and experienced surgeons, the threshold for surgical intervention for sporadic aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysms is now 5.0 cm (from 5.5 cm) in select individuals, and it is even lower in specific settings among patients with heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms. (medscape.com)
- It is reasonable for patients undergoing aortic root replacement surgery to receive valve-sparing aortic root replacement if the valve is suitable for repair and when performed by experienced surgeons in a multidisciplinary aortic team. (medscape.com)
- Shared decision-making between the patient and multidisciplinary aortic team is highly encouraged in the following patients: (1) patients on the borderline of thresholds for repair or those who are eligible for different types of surgical repair and (2) individuals with aortic disease who are pregnant or may become pregnant, for consideration of their risks of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
- The Center for Thoracic Aortic Disease (CTAD) is a center of excellence - established by the UPMC Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - that follows a cohesive and multidisciplinary system for delivering care. (upmc.com)
- At the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute 's Center for Thoracic Aortic Disease, our multidisciplinary approach to care and extensive experience - including 899 open heart cases and 229 aortic cases in 2018 - offers patients many benefits. (upmc.com)
- The multidisciplinary team from the Center For Thoracic Aortic Disease, developing the protocols of tomorrow, published a total of 65 aortic-related publications in 2018. (upmc.com)
- When patients are referred, they undergo a comprehensive evaluation by the integrated, multidisciplinary team, at one location - the Thoracic Aortic Clinic at UPMC Presbyterian. (upmc.com)
- In a 2022 guideline issued by the ACC and AHA and published in Circulation, recommendations are presented for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease, focusing on the importance of a multidisciplinary aortic team. (physiciansweekly.com)
- They note that multidisciplinary aortic team care should be considered in determining the appropriate timing of intervention. (physiciansweekly.com)
- We hope this new guideline can inform clinical practices with up-to-date and synthesized recommendations, targeted toward a full multidisciplinary aortic team working to provide the best possible care. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
- For the best surgical outcomes, the guidelines recommend multidisciplinary aortic teams and experienced surgeons. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
Vascular8
- Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. (medscape.com)
- Dialysis patients often show advanced aortic calcification, and vascular calcification may contribute to CVD death in HD patients. (researchsquare.com)
- Among 226 participants with concurrent aortic pulse wave velocity measurements, increasing tertiles of serum OPG were associated with higher aortic pulse wave velocity after adjustment for demographics, traditional vascular risk factors, and nontraditional risk factors such as estimated GFR, albuminuria, serum phosphate, corrected serum calcium, presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, serum albumin, and C-reactive protein or after additional adjustment for cortical BMC in a subset (n=161). (northwestern.edu)
- If you have an interest in advancing the research, education, and treatment of genetic aortic and vascular conditions, sign up for emails from the GenTAC Alliance using the form to the right. (gentacalliance.org)
- The medical team is made up of surgeons with different areas of specialty who work together for more comprehensive healthcare for those needing treatment for heart or vascular disease. (bergensurgicalspecialistspa.com)
- The Johns Hopkins service, started in 2012 under the direction of vascular surgeon Christopher Abularrage , features vascular surgeons, a surgical podiatrist, an endocrinologist, an infectious diseases specialist, a certified wound nurse and a physician assistant working together to manage both inpatients and outpatients presenting with foot wounds. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- European Reference Network for Rare Multisystemic Vascular Disease (VASCERN), Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease Working Group. (bvsalud.org)
- Teams may include cardiac and vascular surgeons with experience treating complex aortic disease at medical centers that treat a high volume of these patients. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
Diagnosis11
- In November 2022, guidelines on the diagnosis and management of aortic disease were published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). (medscape.com)
- 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. (medscape.com)
- Eric M. Isselbacher, MD, and colleagues conducted a comprehensive literature search to develop recommendations on diagnosis, genetic evaluation and family screening, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical treatment, and long-term surveillance of patients with aortic disease. (physiciansweekly.com)
- These collaborations resulted in publications that led to a greater understanding of the disease and improvements in patient health through better diagnosis and clinical care. (nih.gov)
- The GenTAC Registry facilitated research in the diagnosis and clinical care of people who have genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm. (nih.gov)
- By providing clinical and biological data, the GenTAC Registry is helping improve the diagnosis and clinical care of genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms and their complications, especially those affecting the cardiovascular system. (nih.gov)
- New guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease were published yesterday in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and Circulation. (gentacalliance.org)
- Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing disease progression. (nih.gov)
- Many smokers receive CT imaging for lung cancer screening and diagnosis of lung disease. (nih.gov)
- Chest radiography, the most common imaging procedure, is critical for the diagnosis and management of disease. (nih.gov)
- The high prevalence of aortic sclerosis in general population (~25% in subjects >65 years old ( 5 ) would suggest that early diagnosis by itself may not be sufficient and it would be important to identify the subset of patients who would most benefit from preventive and restorative interventions. (biobender.com)
Surgical11
- In patients who are significantly smaller or taller than average, surgical thresholds may incorporate indexing of the aortic root or ascending aortic diameter to either patient body surface area or height, or aortic cross-sectional area to patient height. (medscape.com)
- The choice of surgical or transcatheter AVR depends on the estimated surgical risk plus other factors such as frailty, other organ system disease and procedural specific impediments. (nih.gov)
- Surgical or transcatheter replacement of the aortic valve remains the definitive treatment. (nih.gov)
- Over 47,000 surgical aortic valve replacements were performed in the US in 2015, second only to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among major cardiothoracic surgical procedures. (nih.gov)
- In addition, over 24,000 transcatheter aortic valve replacements were performed in the US in 2015 and that number is expected to grow as the technology is extended to patients at lower surgical risk. (nih.gov)
- Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm has become an important treatment modality in patients who are at increased risk for open surgical repair. (nih.gov)
- Surgical aortic valve replacement is the standard treatment, which entails open-heart surgery to remove the old valve and surgically implant a new one. (bumrungrad.com)
- Becoming common in adults, especially those thought to be poor surgical candidates, is transcatheter aortic valve replacement. (congenital.org)
- This surgical repair replaces the aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve and then replacing the pulmonary valve with a human donated valve (the Ross repair shown in the animation). (congenital.org)
- This study aims to determine the long-term outcomes and rate of reoperation among BAV patients with aortic diameter of 5-5.5cm who underwent immediate surgical repair versus surveillance. (fortunepublish.com)
- Our study aims to determine the long-term survival outcome and rate of reoperation among BAV patients with proximal thoracic aortic diameter of 5-5.5cm who underwent immediate surgical repair versus surveillance with Computed Tomography (CT) and echocardiogram between 1993-2019 at our institution. (fortunepublish.com)
Root and ascend2
- The echocardiography convention for assessment of aortic root and ascending aortic diameters has been to measure leading edge to leading edge in end-diastole [ Evangelista et al 2010 ]. (nih.gov)
- Nomograms and z scores based on reference values for aortic root and ascending aortic diameters that account for biologic sex normalized to body surface area (aortic size index) are commonly used in the pediatric population to interpret clinically significant aortic dilatation in a growing child, but can also be applied to adults [ Devereux et al 2012 , Campens et al 2014 ]. (nih.gov)
Dissections5
- The goals of this overview on heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (shortened in this GeneReview to heritable thoracic aortic disease [HTAD]) are the following. (nih.gov)
- Thoracic aortic disease refers to thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections for the purpose of this GeneReview . (nih.gov)
- Aortic dissections are most commonly classified using Stanford and Debakey criteria. (nih.gov)
- Aortic dissections usually cause severe, sudden chest or back pain, and may also result in unusually pale skin (pallor), a very faint pulse, numbness or tingling (paresthesias) in one or more limbs, or paralysis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Ruptured aortic aneurysms and dissections are estimated to cause almost 30,000 deaths in the United States each year. (medlineplus.gov)
Severity3
- Treatment depends on the type and severity of your aortic valve disease. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
- The choice of treatment for aortic disease depends on its severity. (ntccardiology.com)
- In this study, I will develop innovative tools for objective measurement of pulmonary vasculature morphology in smokers using computed tomographic (CT) imaging to characterize pulmonary hypertension (PH) disease severity. (nih.gov)
Endovascular4
- For patients with suitable anatomy, a potential option might be endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms with endografts. (medscape.com)
- Minimally invasive treatment options include endovascular thoracic aortic repairs using stent grafts and aortic root reconstructions that preserve the aortic valve. (upmc.com)
- Although thoracic aortic aneurysm is the only FDA-approved treatment indication for endovascular repair, this technology may lead to a broader clinical applicability in other thoracic pathologies. (nih.gov)
- This article reviews the current endovascular devices designed for the treatment of thoracic aortic pathology. (nih.gov)
Diagnose aortic disease2
- You will need to visit a heart specialist or cardiologist to diagnose aortic disease. (ntccardiology.com)
- Our patients benefit from access to the amenities of a leading academic medical center, including the most advanced imaging techniques to help diagnose aortic disease as soon as possible. (uclahealth.org)
20181
- In these instances, normalizing aortic diameters to body surface area (aortic size index) and/or height may be more appropriate [ Davies et al 2006 , Zafar et al 2018 ]. (nih.gov)
Dilatation1
- Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with aortic dilatation, as well as in those at high risk for AAD," the authors write. (infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com)
Transcatheter aortic valve5
- We review current treatment strategies and emphasise the use and indications for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in view of recent data highlighting its emergence as a novel treatment option for patients with AS, who are unsuitable for conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR). (medscape.com)
- TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation. (medscape.com)
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is where the physician inserts a prosthetic heart valve through the femoral artery in the groin or through a small cut on the left side of the chest to get to the apex (tip) of the heart. (bumrungrad.com)
- Their conclusion: A minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure could save his life. (michiganmedicine.org)
- The procedure is called as Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or sometimes as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). (medicoverhospitals.in)
Congenital5
- Anyone with congenital heart disease, repaired or non-repaired, should consult with their cardiologist about physical activity to review the risks. (pted.org)
- Bicuspid aortic valve is present at birth (congenital) and it is one of the most common congenital heart defects. (snec.com.sg)
- About 1 in every 4 babies born with a heart defect has a critical congenital heart defect (critical CHD, also known as critical congenital heart disease). (cdc.gov)
- This is a common congenital heart defect marked by the presence of two cusps in your aortic valve instead of three cusps. (ntccardiology.com)
- Tandem Repeat Expansions (TREs) underlie >40 human diseases, including a growing list of congenital anomalies. (nih.gov)
Leaflet4
- Despite the frequency, neither the mechanisms of valve calcification nor the developmental origin of a two, rather than three, leaflet aortic valve is known. (nih.gov)
- 47 had right-left (RL) aortic leaflet fusion and 12 had right-noncoronary (RN) fusion. (escholarship.org)
- They identified that cells from one of the three distinct layers in an aortic valve leaflet, the lamina fibrosa, had the highest propensity to calcify. (wfamilymedicine.com)
- This was connected with a significant reduction in aortic valve leaflet separation and increase in trans-aortic valve flow velocity. (biobender.com)
Heritable2
- in specific scenarios among patients with heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms, the threshold can be even lower. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Pathogenic variants in 11 genes predispose individuals to heritable thoracic aortic disease (HTAD), but limited data are available to stratify the risk for aortic events associated with these genes . (bvsalud.org)
People with aortic1
- For people with aortic disease who are smaller or taller than average, the guidelines recommend adjusting the thresholds for the size of injury required for surgery. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
Types of aortic1
- There are different types of aortic disease. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
Abnormalities1
- The occurrence and timing of these aortic abnormalities vary, even within the same affected family. (medlineplus.gov)
TAVI1
- This may occur with a minimally invasive procedure called TAVI (transcutaneous aortic valve insertion) or with aortic valve surgery. (peninsulaheartclinic.co.uk)
Symptomatic2
- Often, patients are not referred for aortic valve surgery until they are severely symptomatic. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Patients were categorized into two groups: immediately operated (n=89), versus watched group (n=59) i.e., monitored until either symptomatic, aortic diameter ≥ 5.5 cm or operated at surgeons' discretion/patient preference. (fortunepublish.com)
Clinical8
- Cite this: Aortic Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA, 2022) - Medscape - Dec 09, 2022. (medscape.com)
- Define the clinical characteristics of thoracic aortic disease. (nih.gov)
- The UCLA Aortic Center provides the highest quality clinical care to patients with aortic disease. (uclahealth.org)
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder in which some clinical complications, such as renal dysfunction, are associated with early mortality. (nih.gov)
- She is currently working on the genetic basis of clinical variations in sickle cell disease. (nih.gov)
- 2) Identify individual demographic and clinical factors associated with aortic sclerosis with various machine learning methods, including regression and random forests. (nih.gov)
- Gene - and variant-specific data on aortic events in individuals with HTAD support personalized aortic surveillance and clinical management. (bvsalud.org)
- Isselbacher is a clinical cardiologist and co-director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Thoracic Aortic Center in Boston. (heartdoctorsnj.com)
Acute2
- New research lends additional support to a link between treatment with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and an increased risk of acute aortic disease. (sciencedaily.com)
- We report a case of Mycoplasma genitalium endocarditis in a prosthetic heart valve of a woman who sought care in Switzerland for acute aortic valve dysfunction 3 years after valve replacement. (cdc.gov)
Calcification4
- Calcification of the aortic valve is the third leading cause of heart disease in adults. (nih.gov)
- Here, we show that mutations in the signalling and transcriptional regulator NOTCH1 cause a spectrum of developmental aortic valve anomalies and severe valve calcification in non-syndromic autosomal-dominant human pedigrees. (nih.gov)
- Aortic arch calcification (AAC) in chest radiograph has been reported as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients on hemodialysis (HD). (researchsquare.com)
- Briefly, grade 0 indicated no visible calcification, grade 1 indicated small spots of calcification or single thin calcification of the aortic knob, grade 2 indicated one or more areas of thick calcification, and grade 3 indicated circular calcification of the aortic knob. (researchsquare.com)
