A plant genus of the family ARECACEAE. Members contain ARECOLINE and CATECHIN. The leaves and nuts have been used as masticatories, stimulants, and astringents in traditional medicine. The common name of betel is also used for PIPER BETLE. The common name of catechu is sometimes used for ACACIA CATECHU.
An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.
'Oral Submucous Fibrosis' is a chronic, insidious, and potentially disabling condition, characterized by progressive stiffness and loss of elasticity of the oral mucosa, due to fibrotic changes in the lamina propria, often associated with juxta-epithelial inflammation and epithelial atrophy.
Botanically, a type of single-seeded fruit in which the pericarp enclosing the seed is a hard woody shell. In common usage the term is used loosely for any hard, oil-rich kernel. Of those commonly eaten, only hazel, filbert, and chestnut are strictly nuts. Walnuts, pecans, almonds, and coconuts are really drupes. Brazil nuts, pistachios, macadamias, and cashews are really seeds with a hard shell derived from the testa rather than the pericarp.
The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.
A plant genus of the family PIPERACEAE that is indigenous in the Indian Malay region and cultivated in Madagascar, and the West Indies. It contains chavibetol, chavicol and cadinene. The leaf is chewed as a stimulant, antiseptic and sialogogue. The common name of betel is also used for ARECA.
The collective name for islands of the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, including the Mariana, PALAU, Caroline, Marshall, and Kiribati Islands. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p761 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p350)
Powdered or cut pieces of leaves of NICOTIANA TABACUM which are inhaled through the nose, chewed, or stored in cheek pouches. It includes any product of tobacco that is not smoked.
Lining of the ORAL CAVITY, including mucosa on the GUMS; the PALATE; the LIP; the CHEEK; floor of the mouth; and other structures. The mucosa is generally a nonkeratinized stratified squamous EPITHELIUM covering muscle, bone, or glands but can show varying degree of keratinization at specific locations.
Acquired or learned responses which are regularly manifested.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country located in South Asia and it does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical question or term that you would like me to define, please provide it and I will be happy to help.
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Oral tissue surrounding and attached to TEETH.
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.

Oesophageal subepithelial fibrosis: an extension of oral submucosal fibrosis. (1/206)

Fifty-five patients with oral submucosal fibrosis and an equal number of patients with no evidence of the disease were studied. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and any abnormality was noted. Multiple oesophageal biopsies were obtained from the upper end of the oesophagus and from any endoscopically observed abnormality. The histological changes in the two groups were assessed blindly by an experienced histopathologist. Histological abnormalities were noted in the oesophageal mucosa in 2% of controls and 66% of patients with oral submucosal fibrosis (p < 0.0001). In the control group, acanthosis was seen in one patient, while in the patient group atrophy of the squamous epithelium was evident in 52%, hyperkeratosis in 52%, parakeratosis in 30%, dyskeratosis in 14%, acanthosis in 14%, and papillomatosis and mild dysplasia in 2% patients. Subepithelial collagenization was seen in 32 (64%) patients. The oesophageal abnormalities were seen more frequently in patients who had consumed Pan masala, Gutka, betel nut, tobacco or a combination of some or all of these, with or without betel leaf, for > or = 5 years compared to those consuming them for a shorter period of time (91% vs 46%, p < 0.001). It is concluded that oral submucosal fibrosis is not a disease confined to the oral cavity; the oesophagus may also be involved in about two-thirds of patients.  (+info)

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null genotypes as risk factors for oral leukoplakia in ethnic Indian betel quid/tobacco chewers. (2/206)

Oral cancer is the most common cancer in males and third most common in females in India, the main causative agent being the use of chewing tobacco with or without betel quid (BQ). However, nothing is known about the role of the host metabolic genes in oral cancer in ethnic Indian population. In this study, the prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes (GSTM1*2 and GSTT1*2) in oral premalignant leukoplakia cases and controls was ascertained in genomic DNA by a multiplex PCR technique. Biopsies taken from 98 oral leukoplakia patients and exfoliated cells from 82 healthy controls both of Indian ethnicity were analysed. GSTM1*1 (active) was present in 83% and GSTT1*1 (active) was present in 78% of all control subjects, while prevalence of GSTM1*2 and GSTT1*2 null genotypes was significantly higher among oral leukoplakia cases. The prevalence of GSTM1*2 in leukoplakia cases was 81.6% compared with 17% in controls [odds ratio (OR), 22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1047] and GSTT1*2 was 75.5% in the cases versus 22% in controls (OR, 11; 95% CI, 5-22). Combined null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 prevailed in 60.2% of the cases with none detected in controls. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 enzymes are both known to catalyse detoxification of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation products and tobacco-derived carcinogens that have been found in the saliva of BQ/tobacco chewers. Our results, still requiring confirmation by a larger study, demonstrate that the null genotypes of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 increase with high penetrance, separately or in combination, the risk for developing leukoplakia in an Indian ethnic population.  (+info)

Antigenic relationship between four airborne palm pollen grains from Calcutta, India. (3/206)

The pollen grains of Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera and Phoenix sylvestris, all belonging to the family Aracaceae (Palmae), are airborne and found to be potent in causing human respiratory allergy. The present study was undertaken to discover the antigenic relationship, if any, in the four relevant palm pollen grains. The study was conducted by using Borassus and Phoenix antisera raised in rabbit. These antisera were used in rabbit IgG specific ELISA-inhibition and rocket immunoelectro-phoresis (RIE) assays for all four palm pollen extracts. In ELISA-inhibition, a distinct inhibition was obtained with comparable amount of soluble pollen protein. The RIE precipitin bands also revealed the presence of common antigenic components in the palm pollen. After isolation and purification, such common antigens may be useful in allergen immunotherapy in asthmatics.  (+info)

Safrole-like DNA adducts in oral tissue from oral cancer patients with a betel quid chewing history. (4/206)

Betel quid (BQ) chewing has been associated with an increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Piper betel inflorescence, which contains 15 mg/g safrole, is a unique ingredient of BQ in Taiwan. Chewing such prepared BQ may contribute to safrole exposure in human beings (420 microM safrole in saliva). Safrole is a known rodent hepatocarcinogen, yet its carcinogenicity in human beings is largely undetermined. In this study, using a (32)P-post-labeling method, we have found a high frequency of safrole-like DNA adducts in BQ-associated OSCC (77%, 23/30) and non-cancerous matched tissue (NCMT) (97%, 29/30). This was in contrast to the absence (< 1/10(9) nucleotides) of such adducts in all of non-BQ-associated OSCC and their paired NCMT (P < 0.001). Six of seven OSF also exhibited the same safrole-like DNA adduct. The DNA adduct levels in OSF and NCMT were significantly higher than in OSCC (P < 0.05). Using co-chromatography and rechromatography techniques, we further demonstrated that these adducts were identical to synthetic safrole-dGMP adducts as well as DNA adducts from 1'-hydroxysafrole-treated HepG2 cells. These results suggest that safrole forms stable safrole-DNA adducts in human oral tissue following BQ chewing, which may contribute to oral carcinogenesis.  (+info)

Risk factors for leukoplakia and malignant transformation to oral carcinoma: a leukoplakia cohort in Taiwan. (5/206)

The effects of betel nut chewing, smoking and alcohol on the occurrence of leukoplakia and its malignant transformation to oral carcinoma were quantified in a leukoplakia cohort (n = 435) from one medical centre between 1988 and 1998 in Taiwan. Sixty oral carcinomas were ascertained in this cohort. A case-control study within the leukoplakia cohort was used to study, risk factors. Using the Weibull survival model, the incidence of malignant transformation of leukoplakia was shown to increase with follow-up years. After adjustment for other relevant risk factors, betel nut chewing (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 4.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-16.86) remained a significant risk factor for malignant transformation. Results from the case-control study showed that the adjusted odds ratios for betel nut chewing and smoking on the occurrence of leukoplakia were 17.43 (95% CI 1.94-156.27) and 3.22 (95% CI 1.06-9.78), respectively. Similar findings were observed when daily frequency and duration were taken into account. This implies that cessation of smoking may reduce by 36% leukoplakia cases, while elimination of betel nuts may prevent 62% of leukoplakia and 26% of malignant transformation to oral carcinoma in the underlying population.  (+info)

Areca nut extract up-regulates prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression of human oral keratinocytes. (6/206)

There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is associated with increased incidence of oral cancer and submucous fibrosis. In this study, areca nut (AN) extract (200-800 microg/ml) induced the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by 1. 4-3.4-fold and 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) production by 1.1-1.7-fold of gingival keratinocytes (GK), respectively, following 24 h of exposure. Exposure of GK to AN extract (>400 microg/ml) led to cell retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation. At concentrations of 800 and 1200 microg/ml, AN extract induced cell death at 21-24 and 32-52% as detected by MTT assay and cellular lactate dehydrogenase release, respectively. Interestingly, AN-induced morphological changes of GK are reversible. GK can still proliferate following exposure to AN extract. Cytotoxicity of AN extract cannot be inhibited by indomethacin (1 microM) and aspirin (50 microM), indicating that prostaglandin (PG) production is not the major factor responsible for AN cytotoxicity. PGE(2) exhibited little effect on the growth of GK at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 pg/ml. Stimulating GK production of PGs by AN extract could be due to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and protein production. These results suggest that AN ingredients are critical in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer via their stimulatory effects on the PGs, COX-2 production and associated tissue inflammatory responses. AN cytotoxicity to GK is not directly mediated by COX-2 stimulation and PG production.  (+info)

Induction of MDM2-P2 transcripts correlates with stabilized wild-type p53 in betel- and tobacco-related human oral cancer. (7/206)

MDM2, a critical element of cellular homeostasis mechanisms, is involved in complex interactions with important cell-cycle and stress-response regulators including p53. The mdm2-P2 promoter is a transcriptional target of p53. The aim of this study was to determine the association between mdm2-P2 transcripts and the status of the p53 gene in betel- and tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) to understand the mechanism of deregulation of MDM2 and p53 expression and their prognostic implications in oral tumorigenesis. Elevated levels of MDM2 proteins were observed in 11 of 25 (44%) oral hyperplastic lesions, nine of 15 (60%) dysplastic lesions, and 71 of 100 (71%) SCCs. The intriguing feature of the study was the identification and different subcellular localization of three isoforms of MDM2 (ie, 90 kd, 76 kd, and 57 kd) in oral SCCs and their correlation with p53 overexpression in each tumor. The hallmark of the study was the detection of mdm2-P2 transcripts in 12 of 20 oral SCCs overexpressing both MDM2 and p53 proteins while harboring wild-type p53 alleles. Furthermore, mdm2 amplification was an infrequent event in betel- and tobacco-associated oral tumorigenesis. The differential compartmentalization of the three isoforms of MDM2 suggests that each has a distinct function, potentially in the regulation of p53 and other gene products implicated in oral tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we report herein the first evidence suggesting that enhanced translation of mdm2-P2 transcripts (S-mdm2) may represent an important mechanism of overexpression and consequent stabilization and functional inactivation of wild-type p53 serving as an adverse prognosticator in betel- and tobacco-related oral cancer. The clinical significance of the functional inactivation of wild-type p53 by MDM2 is underscored by the significantly shorter median disease-free survival time (16 months) observed in p53/MDM2-positive cases as compared to those which did not show co-expression of these proteins (median time, 26 months; P = 0.02).  (+info)

Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. (8/206)

BACKGROUND: Although millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel chewing regions, the effects of betel chewing on their symptoms are unknown. Betel nut alkaloids include potent muscarinic cholinomimetics: recent research suggests that these agents may be therapeutic in schizophrenia. AIMS: To compare the primary and extrapyramidal symptom profiles and substance-using habits of betel chewing v. non-chewing people with schizophrenia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 70 people with schizophrenia. Symptom ratings measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and demographic and substance-use data, were compared for 40 chewers and 30 non-chewers of betel nut. RESULTS: Betel chewers with schizophrenia scored significantly lower on the positive (P = 0.001) and negative (P = 0.002) sub-scales of the PANSS than did non-chewers. There were no significant differences in extrapyramidal symptoms or tardive dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: Betel chewing is associated with milder symptomatology and avoidance of more harmful recreational drugs. These initial results indicate that longitudinal research is merited.  (+info)

"Areca" is the term used to refer to the Areca catechu plant, which is also known as the betel nut palm. The areca nut, which is the seed of the fruit produced by this plant, is commonly chewed with betel leaf for its mild stimulant effects. It contains a number of alkaloids, including arecoline, which has psychoactive properties. Chewing areca nut is a popular habit in many parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands, despite evidence that it can have negative health effects, such as increasing the risk of oral cancer.

Arecoline is a parasympathomimetic alkaloid that is the primary active component found in the areca nut, which is chewed for its psychoactive effects in various parts of the world. It can cause stimulation of the nervous system and has been associated with several health risks, including oral cancer and cardiovascular disease.

The medical definition of Arecoline is:

A parasympathomimetic alkaloid found in the areca nut, which is chewed for its psychoactive effects. It stimulates the nervous system and has been associated with several health risks, including oral cancer and cardiovascular disease. The chemical formula for Arecoline is C7H9NO2.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially disabling disease that affects the oral soft tissues. It is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis (excessive deposition of collagen) of the submucosal tissues, leading to stiffness and limitation of mouth opening, tongue movement, and occasionally swallowing or speaking difficulties. The condition primarily affects individuals with a history of areca nut (betel nut) chewing, although other factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic predisposition may also contribute to its development. Symptoms can include burning sensation in the mouth, dryness, and pain during speaking, eating, or swallowing. In severe cases, OSF can lead to significant functional impairment and require surgical intervention.

In a medical context, "nuts" are typically referred to as a type of food that comes from dry fruits with one seed in them. They are often high in healthy fats, fiber, protein, and various essential nutrients. Examples include almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, pistachios, and pecans. However, it's important to note that some people may have allergies to certain types of nuts, which can cause serious health problems.

Mastication is the medical term for the process of chewing food. It's the first step in digestion, where food is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth, making it easier to swallow and further digest. The act of mastication involves not only the physical grinding and tearing of food by the teeth but also the mixing of the food with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin to break down carbohydrates. This process helps to enhance the efficiency of digestion and nutrient absorption in the subsequent stages of the digestive process.

'Piper betle' is not a medical term, but a botanical name for a plant also known as the betel vine or betel pepper. It is commonly found in Southeast Asian countries and is used in various traditional medicinal practices. The leaves of this plant are often chewed along with other substances like tobacco and slaked lime for their mild stimulant and psychoactive effects.

In a medical context, 'Piper betle' may be mentioned in relation to its potential pharmacological properties or possible health benefits/risks associated with its use. However, it is not considered a standard medical treatment or therapy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Micronesia" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, which includes countries such as the Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and the Marshall Islands. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Smokeless tobacco is a type of tobacco that is not burned or smoked. It's often called "spit" or "chewing" tobacco. The most common forms of smokeless tobacco in the United States are snuff and chewing tobacco. Snuff is a finely ground tobacco that can be dry or moist. Dry snuff is sniffed or taken through the nose, while moist snuff is placed between the lower lip or cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is plugs, leaves, or twists of tobacco that are chewed or sucked on.

Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive. When you use smokeless tobacco, the nicotine is absorbed through the lining of your mouth and goes directly into your bloodstream. This can lead to a rapid increase in nicotine levels in your body, which can make it harder to quit using tobacco.

Smokeless tobacco also contains harmful chemicals that can cause cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. It can also cause other health problems, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and precancerous lesions in the mouth. Using smokeless tobacco can also increase your risk of developing heart disease and having a stroke.

The mouth mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the inside of the mouth, also known as the oral mucosa. It covers the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, palate, and floor of the mouth. This moist tissue is made up of epithelial cells, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. Its functions include protecting the underlying tissues from physical trauma, chemical irritation, and microbial infections; aiding in food digestion by producing enzymes; and providing sensory information about taste, temperature, and texture.

In the context of medical terminology, a "habit" refers to a regular, repeated behavior or practice that is often performed automatically or subconsciously. Habits can be physical (such as biting nails) or mental (such as worrying). They can be harmless, beneficial (like regularly brushing your teeth), or harmful (like smoking cigarettes).

Habits are different from instincts or reflexes because they involve a learned behavior that has been repeated and reinforced over time. Breaking a habit can often be challenging due to the deeply ingrained nature of the behavior.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.

Gingiva is the medical term for the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and forms the margin of the dental groove, also known as the gum. It extends from the mucogingival junction to the base of the cervical third of the tooth root. The gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the teeth and maintaining oral health by providing a barrier against microbial invasion and mechanical injury.

A mouth neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth or tumor in the oral cavity, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant mouth neoplasms are also known as oral cancer. They can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth, inside the cheeks, and in the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

Mouth neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, white or red patches, persistent mouth sores, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and numbness in the mouth. Early detection and treatment of mouth neoplasms are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.

... brachypoda J.Dransf. Areca caliso Becc. Areca camarinensis Becc. Areca catechu L. Areca celebica Burret Areca chaiana J. ... Areca costulata Becc. Areca dayung J.Dransf. Areca furcata Becc. Areca glandiformis Lam. Areca guppyana Becc. Areca gurita ... Areca macrocalyx Zipp. ex Blume Areca macrocarpa Becc. Areca minuta Scheff. Areca montana Ridl. Areca multifida Burret Areca ... Areca torulo Becc. Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. Areca tunku J.Dransf. & C.K.Lim Areca vestiaria Giseke Areca vidaliana ...
Areca fruits hanging from the tree. A pile of areca nuts. Areca nut plantation in India. Areca Nuts, also known as "Betal Nuts ... The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical ... In Bhutan, the areca nut is called doma. The soft and moist raw areca nut is very potent. When chewed it can cause palpitation ... Various brands of areca nut are shown and sold in China. In India (the largest consumer of areca nut) and the rest of the ...
... is a plant species native to the Solomon Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean east of ... Areca, Flora of the Solomon Islands (archipelago), Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago, Vulnerable plants, Taxa named by Odoardo ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. ... Johnson, D. (1998). "Areca glandiformis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38187A10099336. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK. ... Areca, Endemic flora of the Maluku Islands, Data deficient plants, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only on the island of Mindanao in the ... EDC) (2020). "Areca hutchinsoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39025A153536510. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3. ... Areca, Flora of Mindanao, Endangered plants, Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in the Philippines. It is threatened ... EDC) (2020). "Areca whitfordii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39029A153536623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS ... Areca, Endemic flora of the Philippines, Vulnerable flora of Asia, Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari, Taxonomy articles created by ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only on the island of Luzon in the ... EDC) (2020). "Areca parens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39028A153536580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS. ... Areca, Flora of Luzon, Endemic flora of the Philippines, Vulnerable flora of Asia, Plants described in 1919, Taxa named by ...
India Areca nuts from India Flora de Filipinas Areca catechu farm in Kerala, India Young "betel" nuts in Malaysia Areca nut at ... made of the leaf of Areca catechu in Kerala Hat_ palathoppi (inner view) made of the leaf of Areca catechu in Kerala Areca nut ... fruits and buds in a single frame Betel nut palm trunk New buds of Areca catechu An Areca catechu plantation in Taiwan Areca ... Areca catechu is grown for its commercially important seed crop, the areca nut, which is the main component of the practice of ...
Areca is a genus of single-stemmed palms. Areca may also refer to: Areca nut, also known as betel nut, from the species Areca ... catechu Areca palm, a common name for Dypsis lutescens Areca Backup, software Arecaceae, the palm family This disambiguation ... Look up areca in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... page lists articles associated with the title Areca. If an ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. It is threatened by ... Dransfield, J. (1998). "Areca chaiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38946A10158487. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998. ... Areca, Endemic flora of Borneo, Trees of Borneo, Data deficient plants, Plants described in 1984, Taxonomy articles created by ...
... , the wild areca palm, is a palm which is often used as ornamental plant. It is native to India, Bangladesh, ... "Areca triandra". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of ... Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families,Areca triandra Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes ... Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2018). "Areca triandra". IUCN Red ...
... , the Ipot palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is ... EDC) (2020). "Areca ipot". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39026A153536542. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS. ... Areca, Endemic flora of the Philippines, Endangered flora of Asia, Taxa named by Odoardo Beccari, Taxonomy articles created by ...
... is an extant species of single-stemmed palm tree (genus Areca) indigenous to the Malaysian state of Sarawak on ... "Arecaceae Areca gurita Heatubun". International Plant Names Index. 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-13. v t e (Articles with short ... "Areca gurita Heatubun, Phytotaxa 28: 15 (2011)". Palmweb: Palms of the World Online. 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-13. " ... doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.28.1.2. Wheeler, Quentin (2012-09-09). "New to Nature No 83: Areca gurita". The Observer. Guardian Media ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. It is threatened by ... IPNI: Areca andersonii J.Dransf. Kew Bull. 39(1): 6. 1984 (15 May 1984) International Plant Name Index. Retrieved 15 March 2019 ... Dransfield, J. (1998). "Areca andersonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38953A10158865. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK. ... Areca, Endemic flora of Borneo, Trees of Borneo, Plants described in 1984, Data deficient plants, Taxonomy articles created by ...
... is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in Sri Lanka. It is threatened by ... Johnson, D. (1998). "Areca concinna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T38186A10099202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998. ... Areca, Flora of Sri Lanka, Endangered plants, Taxonomy articles created by Polbot, All stub articles, Areceae stubs). ...
"Areca vestiaria - Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide". www.palmpedia.net. Retrieved 2017-11-26. "Areca vestiaria - Pacsoa". www. ... Areca vestiaria (pinang yaki or pinang merah) is a species of palm native to the rainforests of eastern Indonesia especially ... Simbala, Herny (September 2017). "Bioactive compounds in Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) fruit as potential source of ... Areca, Trees of the Maluku Islands, Trees of Sulawesi, Medicinal plants of Asia, Contraception for males, All stub articles, ...
... are a group of piperidine alkaloids found in the areca nut, the seeds of the areca palm (Areca catechu). Areca ... The vermifuge function of areca preparations is used today only in veterinary medicine. Traditionally, areca nut has been used ... Areca nuts are cultivated in India and East Asia. The main alkaloid is arecoline, which accounts for over 50% of the total ... Areca nuts are typically chewed with lime and leaves of betel pepper, especially in East Asia (known as "sirih pinang"). This ...
... is a common name for several plants and may refer to: Areca, a genus of palms Dypsis lutescens, a palm which is a ... popular houseplant Areca catechu, also known as the betel palm, is sometimes referred to as an "areca" palm, particularly in ...
Areca is downloadable pre-packaged for Linux and Windows 2000/Windows XP and Windows Vista. But it also runs on any other ... Areca Backup is an Open Source personal file backup software developed in Java. It is released under the GNU General Public ... Backup types Areca can handle the following types of backups: Full Backup: When a full backup is performed, ALL files are ... Areca Backup does not support VSS (Volume Shadow Copy Service) and cannot backup files that are locked by other programs, but ...
Areca nut (Areca catechu), a tropical crop, is popularly known as betel nut, as its common usage in the country is for ... Areca nut, as a maritime species, is grown in areas of up to 400 kilometres (250 mi) inland from the coast of India at an ... The areca nut tree grows as a single stem, and has generally a height of about 30 metres (98 ft). The fruit, which bears the ... The white areca nut is produced by harvesting the fully ripe nuts and then subjecting it to sun drying for about 2 months. In ...
"Areca". Dictionary.com. "Catechu". Dictionary.com. "Catechu". WordReference.com. "Copra". Online Etymology Dictionary. "Calico ...
Penang: Areca Books. ISBN 9789834211301. "The history of Bukit Mertajam, Part II:From rural board to town council". The history ... Areca Books. pp. 218-219. "History". www.mpsp.gov.my. Retrieved 1 May 2017. Marcus Langdon (2013). Penang: The Fourth ... Areca Books. pp. 219, 222. Blackledge, J.P. (6 July 1950). "Province Wellesley Looks Back". The Singapore Free Press. Singapore ...
Areca Books. pp. 216-221. England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013. J.A. Venn ( ...
Areca Books. ISBN 98-342-1130-9. Malaysia portal (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, "Related ...
Areca Books. p. 9. ISBN 978-98-342-8344-5. Masri Singarimbun (1975). Kinship, Descent, and Alliance Among the Karo Batak. ...
Areca Books. 2007. pp. 55-. ISBN 978-983-43661-2-4. "A Guide to Selected Chinese Clan Houses in the George Town World Heritage ...
Ruth Iversen Rollitt (March 23, 2015). Iversen (1 ed.). Areca Books. p. 240. ISBN 978-9675719226. "Iversen and Van Sitteren ...
Areca Books. ISBN 9789834283414. admin (2013-07-30). "From Malabaris to Malaysians". Penang Tourism. Retrieved 2019-06-18. ...
Areca Books. pp. 219, 222. Blackledge, J.P. (6 July 1950). "Province Wellesley Looks Back". The Singapore Free Press. Singapore ... Penang: Areca Books. ISBN 978-983-9886-00-9. "Brief History - Penang Bar Committee". penangbar.org. Retrieved 17 November 2016 ...
Areca Books. ISBN 98-342-1130-9. Di mana Ngah Ibrahim disemadi? -- Perak, dakwa anak, Utusan Malaysia 4 September 2006 A ...
Areca brachypoda J.Dransf. Areca caliso Becc. Areca camarinensis Becc. Areca catechu L. Areca celebica Burret Areca chaiana J. ... Areca costulata Becc. Areca dayung J.Dransf. Areca furcata Becc. Areca glandiformis Lam. Areca guppyana Becc. Areca gurita ... Areca macrocalyx Zipp. ex Blume Areca macrocarpa Becc. Areca minuta Scheff. Areca montana Ridl. Areca multifida Burret Areca ... Areca torulo Becc. Areca triandra Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham. Areca tunku J.Dransf. & C.K.Lim Areca vestiaria Giseke Areca vidaliana ...
Copyright © 2012-2023 easychair.org. All rights reserved ...
Areca: Online Comparison of Research Results. February 1, 2023. Authors. David Urbansky,Klemens Muthmann,Lars Kreisz,Alexander ... To make research results more transparentand comparable, we introduce Areca, an online portalfor sharing datasets and/or the ...
Areca Dual Thunderbolt 2.0ports for host and daisy chain 8-B ...
Disclaimer: The information and views set out on this website are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), the Parties to the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, or the Secretariat of the WHO FCTC ...
Areca Design Customers. Get access to data on 105 websites that are Areca Design Customers. We know of 28 live websites using ... Areca Design Competitors and Similar. dpc Agency. 28 live websites r evolution. 28 live websites OZ Global B2B. 30 live ... Get a list of 105 websites using Areca Design which includes location information, hosting data, contact details, 28 currently ... 77 sites that used this technology previously and 1 websites in the United States currently using Areca Design. ...
Betel Nut Palm (Areca sp.), family Arecaceae Xunantunich, Belize The trunk in the background belongs to a Gumbo-Limbo (Bursera ... Stephen Luk , all galleries >> Caribbean Nature >> Belize 2006 >> Plants > Betel Nut Palm (Areca sp.), family Arecaceae ...
Additionally, betel quid and areca nut are associated with health effects on the cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, ... Betel quid and areca nut are known risk factors for many oral and oesophageal cancers, and their use is highly prevalent in the ... Defining a global research and policy agenda for betel quid and areca nut Lancet Oncol. 2017 Dec;18(12):e767-e775. doi: 10.1016 ... Betel quid and areca nut are known risk factors for many oral and oesophageal cancers, and their use is highly prevalent in the ...
Areca palm is a genus of about 50 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands ... Areca palm is a genus of about 50 species of palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests from the islands ... Areca Palm. According to a study by NASA, the palm is the number one best indoor air purifying plant. The areca palm is also ... The best-known member of the genus is A. catechu, the areca nut palm. Several species of areca nuts, known for their bitter and ...
Thats why Areca Finance are delighted to announce a new relationship with Private Fleet Australias number ... Areca Finance have always offered their clients access to leading edge products and services. ... Areca Finance have always offered their clients access to leading edge products and services. Thats why Areca Finance are ... Areca Finance has negotiated with Private Fleet, a complete waiver of the lifetime membership fee meaning that the following ...
Usher in an easy-breezy tropical feeling with our Areca palm plant. Standing at 18 inches tall, these palm fronds are placed in ...
"Such illegal entry of areca nut into India through the north-eastern region may affect the domestic areca nut farming community ... The items included areca nut. She followed this up by intercepting four trucks loaded with smuggled area nuts near the Myanmar ... The Mizoram government had on January 13 transferred Mara C.T. Zuali, who had been cracking down on the areca nut cartel in her ... An Aizawl-based transporter of areca nuts responded by registering a complaint against Ms. Zuali and her team of officials. A ...
2019 Areca Products Catalog Online Preview Download PDF Areca provides the latest version of Firmware, Bios, Driver, Utilities ... If you want to download older version, please go ftp://ftp.areca.com.tw/ or mirror site ftp://areca.starline.de/ ...
This Areca dypsis lutescens is the charming, immature form of the popular Golden Cane Palm. The luxuriant stems, dividing into ... Areca Palms are indigenous to the hydric forests of Madagascar. They are known as Golden Cane Palms because the stems producing ... Areca Palms are indigenous to the hydric forests of Madagascar. They are known as Golden Cane Palms because the stems producing ... This Areca dypsis lutescens is the charming, immature form of the popular Golden Cane Palm. The luxuriant stems, dividing into ...
we are the manufacturers of areca leaf plates from south India. we offer we can supply any size/design/shape and quantity. ... we are the manufacturers of areca leaf plates from south India. we offer we can supply any size/design/shape and quantity. ... areca disposable biodegradable plates and cups avaialable. ( Member since April 2011. Listing views:4584 ) ...
Does anyone know if is there any software that you can use to check SMART errors of each disks in the Areca 1880i? And also is ... Used Areca 1280 RevC. (not ML, has 24x SATA) 256Mb cache.. System 1 - Asus H97I-Plus. Its a mITX board with a single PCI-E x16 ... Arecas saying that the manufacturer might not allow anything but graphics to be on the PCIe slot. The worst thing is now Im ... Arecas saying that the manufacturer might not allow anything but graphics to be on the PCIe slot. The worst thing is now Im ...
Technavio has been monitoring the areca nuts market in APAC and it is poised - Market research report and industry analysis - ... Areca Nuts Market in APAC 2021-2025 Areca Nuts Market In APAC 2021-2025 ... Areca Nuts Market by Type (Red Areca Nuts, White Areca Nuts, Yellow Areca Nut), Product Type (Areca Nut Powder, Scented Supari ... Areca Nuts Market by Type (Red Areca Nuts, White Areca Nuts), Product Type (Areca Nut Powder, Scented Supari, Tannins), ...
Printed on our custom made slim fitting pre-washed fabric. Soft and worn in feel 100% Cotton Combed Ring Spun Cotton. Made in America.
Areca Flash Base Module mit Batterie. £297.60. (ex. VAT) , Shipping calculated at checkout ...
Bio: Areca Roe is an artist based in Mankato and Minneapolis, Minnesota. She has been a member of Rosalux Gallery since 2015, ... Areca Roes series of photographs and videos, titled Stock Pile, are her response to the absurdity of stock photo companies ...
Hotel deals on Areca Stay in Siem Reap. See 2023 prices. Book online now - with your phone. 24/7 customer support. ... While lodging at Areca Stay, indulge in your evening or night out at Laundry Bar, Ivy Bar, and Linga Bar to get the most out of ... While residing at Areca Stay, enjoy your morning or evening stroll at close by park which include Royal Garden and Royal ... Yes! Areca Stay offers laundry service at your fingertips for whenever you need your favorite clothes clean and fresh all ...
ARECA - white poplin cotton-pes Ref: ARECA 1. material : Mix Cotton-Polyester ... LERIACOTI - White poplin easy-care shirt - Areca 1. Ref. : LERIACOTI. Category : Cot-Pes Easy-Care. Vendor : Anass Louah. 69£ ...
Our Faux Areca Palm Tree is set in a deep rust-finished earthenware vase. Its feathery, arching fronds make a statement and ... A symbol of peace that suggests the serenity of the tropics, the Areca is also known as the yellow palm or butterfly palm. Its ...
Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia - Volume 177 Issue 2 ... Associations between betel nut (Areca catechu) and symptoms of schizophrenia among patients in Nepal: A longitudinal study. ... Prevalence and correlates of areca nut use among psychiatric patients in India. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Vol. 69, Issue. 3 ... Factors associated with quitting areca (betel) quid chewing. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Vol. 34, Issue. 6, p. ...
Illegal Areca Nut Trade Triggers High-Level Probe in India The cross-border smuggling trade is alleged to high backing from ... The illegal areca nut trade is alleged to be thriving thanks to the patronage of politicians and government officials across ... In 2016, as many as 23 wagons of areca nuts were seized by the railways in Maharastra, which were reportedly loaded at a ... "Trucks laden with supari (areca nut) were seen on the highway at regular intervals, but they were always in possession of the ...
Security vulnerabilities related to Areca : List of vulnerabilities affecting any product of this vendor vulnerabilities ... Areca : Security Vulnerabilities (Code Execution) CVSS score ,= 9 Published in: 2023 January February March April May June July ...
Stunning Artificial Premium Areca Palm. #1 Award winning Quality. Range of different pots available. Click Here to Buy Online. ... Interesting fact about Areca Palm. The beautiful shape of the areca palm tree foliage has meant that it is often referred to as ... You will be able to create an elegant and everlasting look with this artificial areca palm tree. Our fake Areca Palm tree is a ... Our Areca palms even feel real to touch â€" you will fool all your friends! No watering required - it won´t die, get scorched ...
... *To: kern-bug-people%netbsd.org@ ... Next by Thread: Re: kern/39041 (Pull-up of bioctl(8) support for Areca ARC-1220 from -current to 4.0) ... Synopsis: Pull-up of bioctl(8) support for Areca ARC-1220 from -current to 4.0 Responsible-Changed-From-To: port-i386- ... Subject: Re: kern/39041 (Pull-up of bioctl(8) support for Areca ARC-1220 from -current to 4.0) ...
Areca Palm Hedging is the way to go. ... Outdoor Artificial Areca Palm Tree Hedges. Since Areca Palm ... Why Areca Palm for Hedging?. One of the most popular houseplants used for creating bright interiors, Areca Palm trees have ... Areca Palm hedging flourish in rich, slightly acidic soil with a very good drainage system. To improve porousness and to lower ... Areca Palm trees do well in average temperatures of 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit and can tolerate outdoor temperatures above 50 ...
The Hotel Riu Arecas is your hotel in Tenerife. Book on RIU Hotels & Resorts official website. Best price online guaranteed. ... The Hotel Riu Arecas is a 4-star hotel in Tenerife, Spain, specialising in Adults Only service. A balcony overlooking the ... The warm climate that envelops the Hotel Riu Arecas in Tenerife year-round makes its beaches the perfect place to enjoy the sun ... Come discover a newly renovated hotel just for adults while taking advantage of special offers at the Hotel Riu Arecas ...

No FAQ available that match "areca"

No images available that match "areca"