Deltoid Muscle
Wounds and Injuries
Brain Injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries
Reperfusion Injury
Injury Severity Score
Lung Injury
Eye Injuries
Acute Lung Injury
Neck Injuries
Acute Kidney Injury
Blast Injuries
Abbreviated Injury Scale
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
Soft Tissue Injuries
Back Injuries
Head Injuries, Closed
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Craniocerebral Trauma
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Carotid Artery Injuries
Wounds, Nonpenetrating
Vascular System Injuries
Accidents, Traffic
Disease Models, Animal
Trauma Severity Indices
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Burns
Accidents, Occupational
Whiplash Injuries
Needlestick Injuries
Smoke Inhalation Injury
Wounds, Gunshot
Electric Injuries
Recovery of Function
Accidents
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Head Injuries, Penetrating
Non-fatal injuries sustained by seatbelt wearers: a comparative study. (1/203)
The injuries sustained by 969 drivers and front-seat passengers in road-traffic accidents were studied. Altogether 196 (20-2%) of the drivers and passengers were wearing seat belts and 773 (79-8%) were not. The injuries among the two groups differed greatly in both severity and distribution. A total of 54 (27-6%) of the seatbelt wearers sustained one or more fractures compared with 300 (38-8%) of the non-wearers, and 18 (9-2%) of the seatbelt wearers were severely injured compared with 300 (38-8%) of the non-wearers. Soft-tissue injuries to the face were sustained by only 29 (14-8%) of the seatbelt wearers compared with 425 (55%) of the non-wearers. Since wearing seatbelts may become compulsory, the type and pattern of injuries to be expected in wearers should be appreciated. (+info)Systemic hormonal, electrolyte, and substrate changes after non-thermal limb injury in children. (2/203)
Relatively little is known regarding the hormonal changes after injury in children. Adult protocols are often applied to children, although the latter often have different physiological responses to trauma. Twenty children with an angulated displaced fracture of the radius and/or ulna (injury severity score 9) were studied prospectively for changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, urea, electrolytes, and glucose. Two blood samples were taken: one an arrival at the accident and emergency department and one preoperatively several hours later. There were marked increases in adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, and arginine vasopressin above the normal range. Five (25%) cases demonstrated greater early increases in adrenaline than those reported for adult injuries of similar severity. Early hypokalaemia in four cases had corrected towards normal within a few hours, without potassium supplementation. (+info)Injuries caused by falling soccer goalposts in Denmark. (3/203)
OBJECTIVE: A falling soccer goalpost is associated with the potential risk of serious injury that can sometimes even be fatal. The aim of the study was to analyse the extent of the problem in Denmark and focus on the mechanism of injury and prevention. METHODS: Data were analysed for the period 1989-1997 from the European Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System, which is an electronic register of the injuries seen in the casualty departments of the hospitals of five selected cities in Denmark representing 14% of the Danish population; in addition, fatal accidents in the whole of Denmark since 1981 were examined. Forty two injured persons were interviewed about the circumstances of the accident. Attempts were made to estimate the proportion of goalposts secured by counterweight in the five different regions, compared with the proportion secured with ground stakes and those that were unsecured, by analysing data from the largest producers of goalposts in Denmark. RESULTS: In the period 1981-1988, two fatal accidents were recorded. In the period 1989-1997, 117 people were injured by a falling goalpost; six of the injuries required hospitalisation. Some 88% of the injured were under the age of 15. In a telephone interview with 42 of the injured, 50% stated that the goalpost fell because someone was hanging on the crossbar. Comparing the five different regions with respect to the proportion of goalposts secured by counterweight and the number of accidents, the following relation was found. Areas in which a high percentage of the goalposts were secured by a counterweight correlated inversely with a high number of accidents (r = -0.9; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Soccer is a widely played sport and it is important to be aware that accidents caused by falling goalposts can occur and that they presumably can be prevented by proper use of goalposts, by using secure goalposts, and by securing old goalposts with a counterweight. (+info)Risk of upper limb injury in left handed children: a study in Greece. (4/203)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether left handed children are at increased risk for injuries, particularly upper limb injuries. SETTING: Athens, Greece, during a six month period in 1995-96. METHODS: Cases were 129 children 4-14 years old with unintentional upper limb injuries from a population based injury database. Two control children matched for gender and age were selected from among those seen at the same medical institution for minor, non-injury ailments. On the basis of information provided by the children and their guardians, sociodemographic variables were recorded, hand preference was assessed, and each child's activity score was calculated through an abbreviated version of Achenbach's scale. RESULTS: Left handed children have a moderately increased upper limb injury risk with a tendency of recurrence of this injury. The risk of upper limb injury is also raised among children of young fathers, whereas it appears to be inversely related to crowding index and activity score--three variables that were controlled for as potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides limited support for the hypothesis that left handed children are at increased risk for injury. The excess risk, if genuine, is likely to be limited to cultural settings in which right handedness is perceived as the norm. (+info)Late repair of simultaneous bilateral distal biceps brachii tendon avulsion with fascia lata graft. (5/203)
A 50 year old rock climber sustained a bilateral rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendons. He retained some flexion power in both arms but minimal supination, being weaker on the non-dominant right side. As the patient presented late, with retraction and shortening of the biceps muscle bellies, reconstruction was carried out using fascia lata grafts on both sides. Because of residual weakness on the left (dominant) side, three further surgical procedures had to be carried out to correct for elongation of the graft. A functionally satisfactory outcome, comparable with that on the right side, was eventually obtained. In summary, bilateral fascia lata grafts to bridge the gap between the retracted biceps bellies and the radial tuberosities were successful in restoring function and flexion power to the elbow. Despite being the stronger side, the dominant arm did not respond as well to the initial surgery. This may be due to overuse of this arm after the operation. (+info)Vascular injuries of the limbs: a fifteen-year Georgian experience. (6/203)
OBJECTIVES: to analyse the causes of injury, surgical approaches, outcome and complication of vascular trauma of the upper and lower limbs in patients with vascular injuries operated on over a period between 1981 and 1995. PATIENTS: in 157 patients, the injuries were penetrating in 136 cases and blunt in 21. Isolated vascular trauma was present in 92 (58.6%) patients, 65 cases (41.4%) were aggrevated by concomitant bone fractures, severe nerve and soft tissue damage. The most frequently injured vessels were the superficial femoral (20. 6%) and brachial (19.1%) arteries. RESULTS: saphenous vein interposition grafting was applied with good results in 34 patients, polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were used in three cases, end-to-end anastomoses in 42 cases, venous bypasses in five cases, and venous patches in seven cases. Seventeen patients underwent arterial repair and nine, venous repair. Fasciotomy was used in 18 cases, and vessels were ligated in 14 cases. Blood flow was restored in 91 patients (58.0%), and collaterals compensated in 31 cases (19.7%). Fourteen primary and nine secondary amputations were performed. Twelve patients died. The limb salvage rate was 77.7% (84.1% among surviving patients). CONCLUSIONS: most vascular injuries associated with limb trauma can be managed successfully unless associated by severe concomitant damage to bones, nerves and soft tissues. (+info)Transcranial doppler detection of fat emboli. (7/203)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The fat embolism syndrome (FES) is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary and neurological symptoms as well as skin and mucosal petechiae in the setting of long-bone fractures or their surgical repair. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and effective treatments are lacking. We present 5 patients with long-bone fractures in whom in vivo microembolism was detected by transcranial Doppler. METHODS: Five patients with long-bone fractures were monitored with transcranial Doppler for microembolic signals (MESs) after trauma. Two patients also had intraoperative monitoring. A TC-2020 instrument equipped with MES detection software was used. Detected signals were saved for subsequent review. Selected signals satisfied criteria defined previously and were categorized as large or small. RESULTS: Cerebral microembolism was detected in all 5 patients and was transient, resolving within 4 days of injury. Intraoperative monitoring revealed an increase in MESs during intramedullary nail insertion. The characteristics of MESs after injury varied among patients, with large signals being more frequent in the only patient with a patent foramen ovale. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral microembolism after long-bone fractures can be detected in vivo and monitored over time. These findings may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. (+info)Seasonal variations in incidence of fractures among elderly people. (8/203)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate seasonal variations in the incidence of fall related fractures among people 65 years and older. POPULATION AND METHODS: A prospective, population based cohort study was performed on people aged 65 years and older followed up from 1990 to 1997, a total of 459,904 person years. Cases were identified through a prospective registration system. RESULTS: There were 10,992 (2390 per 100,000 person years) fall related fractures. The risk was higher in the colder seasons (October through March) among people aged 65-79 years (relative risk (RR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 1.47) and in people aged 80 years and older (RR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.22). For arm fractures, the RR was 1.69 (95% CI 1.56 to 1.83) among people aged 65-79 years and 1.30 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.43) among those aged 80 years and older. The RR for hip fractures was 1.27 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.37) among people aged 65-79 years and 1.08 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.15) for people aged 80 years and older. Slipping on ice and snow seems to entirely explain the excessive incidence of hip and arm fractures during winter months. CONCLUSION: Season affects the incidence of all types of fractures in elderly people. Slipping on ice and snow seems to be a causal mechanism behind the seasonal effect. Preventive measures targeting this causal mechanism are likely to reduce the risk of fracture, but the size of the effect is difficult to estimate with certainty. (+info)The deltoid muscle is a large, triangular-shaped muscle that covers the shoulder joint. It is responsible for shoulder abduction (raising the arm away from the body), flexion (lifting the arm forward), and extension (pulling the arm backward). The muscle is divided into three sections: the anterior deltoid, which lies on the front of the shoulder and is responsible for flexion and internal rotation; the middle deltoid, which lies on the side of the shoulder and is responsible for abduction; and the posterior deltoid, which lies on the back of the shoulder and is responsible for extension and external rotation. Together, these muscles work to provide stability and mobility to the shoulder joint.
Arm injuries refer to any damage or harm sustained by the structures of the upper limb, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions. Common arm injuries include fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, tendonitis, and nerve damage. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, limited mobility, numbness, or weakness in the affected area. Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the injury, and may include rest, ice, compression, elevation, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
In medical terms, the arm refers to the upper limb of the human body, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. It is composed of three major bones: the humerus in the upper arm, and the radius and ulna in the lower arm. The arm contains several joints, including the shoulder joint, elbow joint, and wrist joint, which allow for a wide range of motion. The arm also contains muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and other soft tissues that are essential for normal function.
A wound is a type of injury that occurs when the skin or other tissues are cut, pierced, torn, or otherwise broken. Wounds can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, violence, surgery, or certain medical conditions. There are several different types of wounds, including:
* Incisions: These are cuts that are made deliberately, often during surgery. They are usually straight and clean.
* Lacerations: These are tears in the skin or other tissues. They can be irregular and jagged.
* Abrasions: These occur when the top layer of skin is scraped off. They may look like a bruise or a scab.
* Punctures: These are wounds that are caused by sharp objects, such as needles or knives. They are usually small and deep.
* Avulsions: These occur when tissue is forcibly torn away from the body. They can be very serious and require immediate medical attention.
Injuries refer to any harm or damage to the body, including wounds. Injuries can range from minor scrapes and bruises to more severe injuries such as fractures, dislocations, and head trauma. It is important to seek medical attention for any injury that is causing significant pain, swelling, or bleeding, or if there is a suspected bone fracture or head injury.
In general, wounds and injuries should be cleaned and covered with a sterile bandage to prevent infection. Depending on the severity of the wound or injury, additional medical treatment may be necessary. This may include stitches for deep cuts, immobilization for broken bones, or surgery for more serious injuries. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully to ensure proper healing and to prevent complications.
A brain injury is defined as damage to the brain that occurs following an external force or trauma, such as a blow to the head, a fall, or a motor vehicle accident. Brain injuries can also result from internal conditions, such as lack of oxygen or a stroke. There are two main types of brain injuries: traumatic and acquired.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by an external force that results in the brain moving within the skull or the skull being fractured. Mild TBIs may result in temporary symptoms such as headaches, confusion, and memory loss, while severe TBIs can cause long-term complications, including physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is any injury to the brain that occurs after birth and is not hereditary, congenital, or degenerative. ABIs are often caused by medical conditions such as strokes, tumors, anoxia (lack of oxygen), or infections.
Both TBIs and ABIs can range from mild to severe and may result in a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that can impact a person's ability to perform daily activities and function independently. Treatment for brain injuries typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical management, rehabilitation, and supportive care.
Athletic injuries are damages or injuries to the body that occur while participating in sports, physical activities, or exercise. These injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
1. Trauma: Direct blows, falls, collisions, or crushing injuries can cause fractures, dislocations, contusions, lacerations, or concussions.
2. Overuse: Repetitive motions or stress on a particular body part can lead to injuries such as tendonitis, stress fractures, or muscle strains.
3. Poor technique: Using incorrect form or technique during exercise or sports can put additional stress on muscles, joints, and ligaments, leading to injury.
4. Inadequate warm-up or cool-down: Failing to properly prepare the body for physical activity or neglecting to cool down afterwards can increase the risk of injury.
5. Lack of fitness or flexibility: Insufficient strength, endurance, or flexibility can make individuals more susceptible to injuries during sports and exercise.
6. Environmental factors: Extreme weather conditions, poor field or court surfaces, or inadequate equipment can contribute to the risk of athletic injuries.
Common athletic injuries include ankle sprains, knee injuries, shoulder dislocations, tennis elbow, shin splints, and concussions. Proper training, warm-up and cool-down routines, use of appropriate protective gear, and attention to technique can help prevent many athletic injuries.
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) refer to damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. This injury can be caused by direct trauma to the spine or by indirect damage resulting from disease or degeneration of surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. The location and severity of the injury on the spinal cord will determine which parts of the body are affected and to what extent.
The effects of SCI can range from mild sensory changes to severe paralysis, including loss of motor function, autonomic dysfunction, and possible changes in sensation, strength, and reflexes below the level of injury. These injuries are typically classified as complete or incomplete, depending on whether there is any remaining function below the level of injury.
Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage and improve the chances of recovery. Treatment usually involves immobilization of the spine, medications to reduce swelling and pressure, surgery to stabilize the spine, and rehabilitation to help regain lost function. Despite advances in treatment, SCI can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.
Reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to previously ischemic tissues, leading to further tissue damage. This phenomenon can occur in various clinical settings such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, or peripheral artery disease after an intervention aimed at restoring perfusion.
The restoration of blood flow leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators, which can cause oxidative stress, cellular damage, and activation of the immune system. This results in a cascade of events that may lead to microvascular dysfunction, capillary leakage, and tissue edema, further exacerbating the injury.
Reperfusion injury is an important consideration in the management of ischemic events, as interventions aimed at restoring blood flow must be carefully balanced with potential harm from reperfusion injury. Strategies to mitigate reperfusion injury include ischemic preconditioning (exposing the tissue to short periods of ischemia before a prolonged ischemic event), ischemic postconditioning (applying brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion after restoring blood flow), remote ischemic preconditioning (ischemia applied to a distant organ or tissue to protect the target organ), and pharmacological interventions that scavenge ROS, reduce inflammation, or improve microvascular function.
The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is a medical scoring system used to assess the severity of trauma in patients with multiple injuries. It's based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), which classifies each injury by body region on a scale from 1 (minor) to 6 (maximum severity).
The ISS is calculated by summing the squares of the highest AIS score in each of the three most severely injured body regions. The possible ISS ranges from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries. An ISS over 15 is generally considered a significant injury, and an ISS over 25 is associated with a high risk of mortality. It's important to note that the ISS has limitations, as it doesn't consider the number or type of injuries within each body region, only the most severe one.
Leg injuries refer to damages or harm caused to any part of the lower extremity, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and other soft tissues. These injuries can result from various causes such as trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions. Common leg injuries include fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, contusions, and cuts. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, weakness, or difficulty walking. The specific treatment for a leg injury depends on the type and severity of the injury.
Lung injury, also known as pulmonary injury, refers to damage or harm caused to the lung tissue, blood vessels, or air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. This can result from various causes such as infection, trauma, exposure to harmful substances, or systemic diseases. Common types of lung injuries include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, and chemical pneumonitis. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, cough, chest pain, and decreased oxygen levels in the blood. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, oxygen therapy, or mechanical ventilation.
Eye injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the eye or its surrounding structures. These injuries can vary in severity and may include:
1. Corneal abrasions: A scratch or scrape on the clear surface of the eye (cornea).
2. Chemical burns: Occurs when chemicals come into contact with the eye, causing damage to the cornea and other structures.
3. Eyelid lacerations: Cuts or tears to the eyelid.
4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage: Bleeding under the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye.
5. Hyphema: Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is the space between the cornea and iris.
6. Orbital fractures: Breaks in the bones surrounding the eye.
7. Retinal detachment: Separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
8. Traumatic uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, caused by trauma.
9. Optic nerve damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
Eye injuries can result from a variety of causes, including accidents, sports-related injuries, violence, and chemical exposure. It is important to seek medical attention promptly for any suspected eye injury to prevent further damage and potential vision loss.
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and damage to the lung tissue, which can lead to difficulty breathing and respiratory failure. It is often caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs, such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, or inhalation of harmful substances.
The symptoms of ALI include shortness of breath, rapid breathing, cough, and low oxygen levels in the blood. The condition can progress rapidly and may require mechanical ventilation to support breathing. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the injury, providing supportive care, and managing symptoms.
In severe cases, ALI can lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a more serious and life-threatening condition that requires intensive care unit (ICU) treatment.
Neck injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in any part of the neck, including soft tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons), nerves, bones (vertebrae), and joints (facet joints, intervertebral discs). These injuries can result from various incidents such as road accidents, falls, sports-related activities, or work-related tasks. Common neck injuries include whiplash, strain or sprain of the neck muscles, herniated discs, fractured vertebrae, and pinched nerves, which may cause symptoms like pain, stiffness, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the neck, shoulders, arms, or hands. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications and ensure optimal recovery.
Abdominal injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the abdomen, an area of the body that is located between the chest and the pelvis. This region contains several vital organs such as the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Abdominal injuries can range from minor bruises and cuts to severe internal bleeding and organ damage, depending on the cause and severity of the trauma.
Common causes of abdominal injuries include:
* Blunt force trauma, such as that caused by car accidents, falls, or physical assaults
* Penetrating trauma, such as that caused by gunshot wounds or stabbing
* Deceleration injuries, which occur when the body is moving at a high speed and suddenly stops, causing internal organs to continue moving and collide with each other or the abdominal wall
Symptoms of abdominal injuries may include:
* Pain or tenderness in the abdomen
* Swelling or bruising in the abdomen
* Nausea or vomiting
* Dizziness or lightheadedness
* Blood in the urine or stool
* Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
* Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure
Abdominal injuries can be life-threatening if left untreated, and immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent complications such as infection, internal bleeding, organ failure, or even death. Treatment may include surgery, medication, or other interventions depending on the severity and location of the injury.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as acute renal failure, is a rapid loss of kidney function that occurs over a few hours or days. It is defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level by 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase in the creatinine level to more than 1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days, or a urine volume of less than 0.5 mL/kg per hour for six hours.
AKI can be caused by a variety of conditions, including decreased blood flow to the kidneys, obstruction of the urinary tract, exposure to toxic substances, and certain medications. Symptoms of AKI may include decreased urine output, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the injury and providing supportive care, such as dialysis, to help maintain kidney function until the injury resolves.
Hand injuries refer to any damage or harm caused to the structures of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, and skin. These injuries can result from various causes such as trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions. Examples of hand injuries include fractures, dislocations, sprains, strains, cuts, burns, and insect bites. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury, but they often include pain, swelling, stiffness, numbness, weakness, or loss of function in the hand. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.
Blast injuries are traumas that result from the exposure to blast overpressure waves, typically generated by explosions. These injuries can be categorized into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary blast injuries.
1. Primary Blast Injuries: These occur due to the direct effect of the blast wave on the body, which can cause barotrauma to organs with air-filled spaces such as the lungs, middle ear, and gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to conditions like pulmonary contusion, traumatic rupture of the eardrums, or bowel perforation.
2. Secondary Blast Injuries: These result from flying debris or objects that become projectiles due to the blast, which can cause penetrating trauma or blunt force injuries.
3. Tertiary Blast Injuries: These occur when individuals are thrown by the blast wind against solid structures or the ground, resulting in blunt force trauma, fractures, and head injuries.
4. Quaternary Blast Injuries: This category includes all other injuries or illnesses that are not classified under primary, secondary, or tertiary blast injuries. These may include burns, crush injuries, inhalation of toxic fumes, or psychological trauma.
It is important to note that blast injuries can be complex and often involve a combination of these categories, requiring comprehensive medical evaluation and management.
Thoracic injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the thorax, which is the part of the body that contains the chest cavity. The thorax houses vital organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. Thoracic injuries can range from blunt trauma, caused by impacts or compressions, to penetrating trauma, resulting from stabbing or gunshot wounds. These injuries may cause various complications, including but not limited to:
1. Hemothorax - bleeding into the chest cavity
2. Pneumothorax - collapsed lung due to air accumulation in the chest cavity
3. Tension pneumothorax - a life-threatening condition where trapped air puts pressure on the heart and lungs, impairing their function
4. Cardiac tamponade - compression of the heart caused by blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
5. Rib fractures, which can lead to complications like punctured lungs or internal bleeding
6. Tracheobronchial injuries, causing air leaks and difficulty breathing
7. Great vessel injuries, potentially leading to massive hemorrhage and hemodynamic instability
Immediate medical attention is required for thoracic injuries, as they can quickly become life-threatening due to the vital organs involved. Treatment may include surgery, chest tubes, medications, or supportive care, depending on the severity and type of injury.
Spinal injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur to the vertebral column, which houses and protects the spinal cord. These injuries can be caused by various factors such as trauma from accidents (motor vehicle, sports-related, falls, etc.), violence, or degenerative conditions like arthritis, disc herniation, or spinal stenosis.
Spinal injuries can result in bruising, fractures, dislocations, or compression of the vertebrae, which may then cause damage to the spinal cord and its surrounding tissues, nerves, and blood vessels. The severity of a spinal injury can range from mild, with temporary symptoms, to severe, resulting in permanent impairment or paralysis below the level of injury.
Symptoms of spinal injuries may include:
- Pain or stiffness in the neck or back
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Paralysis or loss of sensation below the level of injury
- In severe cases, respiratory problems and difficulty in breathing
Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal injuries to prevent further damage and ensure proper treatment. Treatment options may include immobilization, surgery, medication, rehabilitation, and physical therapy.
Knee injuries refer to damages or harm caused to the structures surrounding or within the knee joint, which may include the bones (femur, tibia, and patella), cartilage (meniscus and articular cartilage), ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL), tendons (patellar and quadriceps), muscles, bursae, and other soft tissues. These injuries can result from various causes, such as trauma, overuse, degeneration, or sports-related activities. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, stiffness, instability, reduced range of motion, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected knee. Common knee injuries include fractures, dislocations, meniscal tears, ligament sprains or ruptures, and tendonitis. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.
The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is a standardized system used by healthcare professionals to classify the severity of traumatic injuries. The scale assigns a score from 1 to 6 to each injury, with 1 indicating minor injuries and 6 indicating maximal severity or currently untreatable injuries.
The AIS scores are based on anatomical location, type of injury, and physiological response to the injury. For example, a simple fracture may be assigned an AIS score of 2, while a life-threatening head injury may be assigned a score of 5 or 6.
The AIS is used in conjunction with other scoring systems, such as the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the New Injury Severity Score (NISS), to assess the overall severity of injuries sustained in a traumatic event. These scores can help healthcare professionals make informed decisions about patient care, triage, and resource allocation.
Facial injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the face, which may include the bones of the skull that form the face, teeth, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, and skin. Facial injuries can range from minor cuts and bruises to severe fractures and disfigurement. They can be caused by a variety of factors such as accidents, falls, sports-related injuries, physical assaults, or animal attacks.
Facial injuries can affect one or more areas of the face, including the forehead, eyes, nose, cheeks, ears, mouth, and jaw. Common types of facial injuries include lacerations (cuts), contusions (bruises), abrasions (scrapes), fractures (broken bones), and burns.
Facial injuries can have significant psychological and emotional impacts on individuals, in addition to physical effects. Treatment for facial injuries may involve simple first aid, suturing of wounds, splinting or wiring of broken bones, reconstructive surgery, or other medical interventions. It is essential to seek prompt medical attention for any facial injury to ensure proper healing and minimize the risk of complications.
Heart injuries, also known as cardiac injuries, refer to any damage or harm caused to the heart muscle, valves, or surrounding structures. This can result from various causes such as blunt trauma (e.g., car accidents, falls), penetrating trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stabbing), or medical conditions like heart attacks (myocardial infarction) and infections (e.g., myocarditis, endocarditis).
Some common types of heart injuries include:
1. Contusions: Bruising of the heart muscle due to blunt trauma.
2. Myocardial infarctions: Damage to the heart muscle caused by insufficient blood supply, often due to blocked coronary arteries.
3. Cardiac rupture: A rare but life-threatening condition where the heart muscle tears or breaks open, usually resulting from severe trauma or complications from a myocardial infarction.
4. Valvular damage: Disruption of the heart valves' function due to injury or infection, leading to leakage (regurgitation) or narrowing (stenosis).
5. Pericardial injuries: Damage to the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can result in fluid accumulation (pericardial effusion), inflammation (pericarditis), or tamponade (compression of the heart by excess fluid).
6. Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system.
Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing heart injuries, as they can lead to severe complications or even be fatal if left untreated.
Myocardial reperfusion injury is a pathological process that occurs when blood flow is restored to the heart muscle (myocardium) after a period of ischemia or reduced oxygen supply, such as during a myocardial infarction (heart attack). The restoration of blood flow, although necessary to salvage the dying tissue, can itself cause further damage to the heart muscle. This paradoxical phenomenon is known as myocardial reperfusion injury.
The mechanisms behind myocardial reperfusion injury are complex and involve several processes, including:
1. Oxidative stress: The sudden influx of oxygen into the previously ischemic tissue leads to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cellular structures, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA.
2. Calcium overload: During reperfusion, there is an increase in calcium influx into the cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells). This elevated intracellular calcium level can disrupt normal cellular functions, leading to further damage.
3. Inflammation: Reperfusion triggers an immune response, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, to the site of injury. These cells release cytokines and other mediators that can exacerbate tissue damage.
4. Mitochondrial dysfunction: The restoration of blood flow can cause mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, to malfunction, leading to the release of pro-apoptotic factors and contributing to cell death.
5. Vasoconstriction and microvascular obstruction: During reperfusion, there may be vasoconstriction of the small blood vessels (microvasculature) in the heart, which can further limit blood flow and contribute to tissue damage.
Myocardial reperfusion injury is a significant concern because it can negate some of the benefits of early reperfusion therapy, such as thrombolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), used to treat acute myocardial infarction. Strategies to minimize myocardial reperfusion injury are an area of active research and include pharmacological interventions, ischemic preconditioning, and remote ischemic conditioning.
Soft tissue injuries refer to damages that occur in the body's connective tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries can be caused by various events, including accidents, falls, or sports-related impacts. Common soft tissue injuries include sprains, strains, and contusions (bruises).
Sprains occur when the ligaments, which connect bones to each other, are stretched or torn. This usually happens in the joints like ankles, knees, or wrists. Strains, on the other hand, involve injuries to the muscles or tendons, often resulting from overuse or sudden excessive force. Contusions occur when blood vessels within the soft tissues get damaged due to a direct blow or impact, causing bleeding and subsequent bruising in the affected area.
Soft tissue injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. In some cases, these injuries may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or even surgery, depending on their severity and location. It is essential to seek proper medical attention for soft tissue injuries to ensure appropriate healing and prevent long-term complications or chronic pain.
Back injuries refer to damages or traumas that affect the structures of the back, including the muscles, nerves, ligaments, bones, and other tissues. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as sudden trauma (e.g., falls, accidents), repetitive stress, or degenerative conditions. Common types of back injuries include strains, sprains, herniated discs, fractured vertebrae, and spinal cord injuries. Symptoms may vary from mild discomfort to severe pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness, depending on the severity and location of the injury. Treatment options range from conservative measures like physical therapy and medication to surgical intervention in severe cases.
A closed head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when there is no penetration or breakage of the skull. The brain is encased in the skull and protected by cerebrospinal fluid, but when the head experiences a sudden impact or jolt, the brain can move back and forth within the skull, causing it to bruise, tear blood vessels, or even cause nerve damage. This type of injury can result from various incidents such as car accidents, sports injuries, falls, or any other event that causes the head to suddenly stop or change direction quickly.
Closed head injuries can range from mild (concussion) to severe (diffuse axonal injury, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma), and symptoms may not always be immediately apparent. They can include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, sleep disturbances, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness, seizures, or even coma. It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect a closed head injury, as prompt diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the outcome.
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when there is extensive damage to the nerve fibers (axons) in the brain. It is often caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration forces, such as those experienced during motor vehicle accidents or falls. In DAI, the axons are stretched and damaged, leading to disruption of communication between different parts of the brain. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, including cognitive impairment, loss of consciousness, and motor dysfunction. DAI is often difficult to diagnose and can have long-term consequences, making it an important area of study in traumatic brain injury research.
Craniocerebral trauma, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a type of injury that occurs to the head and brain. It can result from a variety of causes, including motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries, violence, or other types of trauma. Craniocerebral trauma can range in severity from mild concussions to severe injuries that cause permanent disability or death.
The injury typically occurs when there is a sudden impact to the head, causing the brain to move within the skull and collide with the inside of the skull. This can result in bruising, bleeding, swelling, or tearing of brain tissue, as well as damage to blood vessels and nerves. In severe cases, the skull may be fractured or penetrated, leading to direct injury to the brain.
Symptoms of craniocerebral trauma can vary widely depending on the severity and location of the injury. They may include headache, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, changes in vision or hearing, weakness or numbness in the limbs, balance problems, and behavioral or emotional changes. In severe cases, the person may lose consciousness or fall into a coma.
Treatment for craniocerebral trauma depends on the severity of the injury. Mild injuries may be treated with rest, pain medication, and close monitoring, while more severe injuries may require surgery, intensive care, and rehabilitation. Prevention is key to reducing the incidence of craniocerebral trauma, including measures such as wearing seat belts and helmets, preventing falls, and avoiding violent situations.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a medical term that refers to liver damage or injury caused by the use of medications or drugs. This condition can vary in severity, from mild abnormalities in liver function tests to severe liver failure, which may require a liver transplant.
The exact mechanism of DILI can differ depending on the drug involved, but it generally occurs when the liver metabolizes the drug into toxic compounds that damage liver cells. This can happen through various pathways, including direct toxicity to liver cells, immune-mediated reactions, or metabolic idiosyncrasies.
Symptoms of DILI may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and dark urine. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as ascites, encephalopathy, and bleeding disorders.
The diagnosis of DILI is often challenging because it requires the exclusion of other potential causes of liver injury. Liver function tests, imaging studies, and sometimes liver biopsies may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves discontinuing the offending drug and providing supportive care until the liver recovers. In some cases, medications that protect the liver or promote its healing may be used.
Occupational injuries refer to physical harm or damage occurring as a result of working in a specific job or occupation. These injuries can be caused by various factors such as accidents, exposure to hazardous substances, repetitive strain, or poor ergonomic conditions. They may include wounds, fractures, burns, amputations, hearing loss, respiratory problems, and other health issues directly related to the nature of work. It's important to note that occupational injuries are preventable with proper safety measures and adherence to regulations in the workplace.
Carotid artery injuries refer to damages or traumas that affect the carotid arteries, which are a pair of major blood vessels located in the neck that supply oxygenated blood to the head and neck. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as penetrating or blunt trauma, iatrogenic causes (during medical procedures), or degenerative diseases.
Carotid artery injuries can be categorized into three types:
1. Blunt carotid injury (BCI): This type of injury is caused by a sudden and severe impact to the neck, which can result in intimal tears, dissection, or thrombosis of the carotid artery. BCIs are commonly seen in motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and assaults.
2. Penetrating carotid injury: This type of injury is caused by a foreign object that penetrates the neck and damages the carotid artery. Examples include gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or other sharp objects that pierce the skin and enter the neck.
3. Iatrogenic carotid injury: This type of injury occurs during medical procedures such as endovascular interventions, surgical procedures, or the placement of central lines.
Symptoms of carotid artery injuries may include:
* Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
* Neurological deficits such as hemiparesis, aphasia, or visual disturbances
* Bleeding from the neck or mouth
* Pulsatile mass in the neck
* Hypotension or shock
* Loss of consciousness
Diagnosis of carotid artery injuries may involve imaging studies such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or conventional angiography. Treatment options include endovascular repair, surgical repair, or anticoagulation therapy, depending on the severity and location of the injury.
Peripheral nerve injuries refer to damage or trauma to the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves transmit information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body, including sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Peripheral nerve injuries can result in various symptoms, depending on the type and severity of the injury, such as numbness, tingling, weakness, or paralysis in the affected area.
Peripheral nerve injuries are classified into three main categories based on the degree of damage:
1. Neuropraxia: This is the mildest form of nerve injury, where the nerve remains intact but its function is disrupted due to a local conduction block. The nerve fiber is damaged, but the supporting structures remain intact. Recovery usually occurs within 6-12 weeks without any residual deficits.
2. Axonotmesis: In this type of injury, there is damage to both the axons and the supporting structures (endoneurium, perineurium). The nerve fibers are disrupted, but the connective tissue sheaths remain intact. Recovery can take several months or even up to a year, and it may be incomplete, with some residual deficits possible.
3. Neurotmesis: This is the most severe form of nerve injury, where there is complete disruption of the nerve fibers and supporting structures (endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium). Recovery is unlikely without surgical intervention, which may involve nerve grafting or repair.
Peripheral nerve injuries can be caused by various factors, including trauma, compression, stretching, lacerations, or chemical exposure. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the injury and may include conservative management, such as physical therapy and pain management, or surgical intervention for more severe cases.
Ankle injuries refer to damages or traumas that occur in the ankle joint and its surrounding structures, including bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. The ankle joint is a complex structure composed of three bones: the tibia (shinbone), fibula (lower leg bone), and talus (a bone in the foot). These bones are held together by various strong ligaments that provide stability and enable proper movement.
There are several types of ankle injuries, with the most common being sprains, strains, and fractures:
1. Ankle Sprain: A sprain occurs when the ligaments surrounding the ankle joint get stretched or torn due to sudden twisting, rolling, or forced movements. The severity of a sprain can range from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 3), with partial or complete tearing of the ligament(s).
2. Ankle Strain: A strain is an injury to the muscles or tendons surrounding the ankle joint, often caused by overuse, excessive force, or awkward positioning. This results in pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the ankle.
3. Ankle Fracture: A fracture occurs when one or more bones in the ankle joint break due to high-impact trauma, such as a fall, sports injury, or vehicle accident. Fractures can vary in severity, from small cracks to complete breaks that may require surgery and immobilization for proper healing.
Symptoms of ankle injuries typically include pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected ankle. Immediate medical attention is necessary for severe injuries, such as fractures, dislocations, or significant ligament tears, to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Treatment options may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), immobilization with a brace or cast, physical therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the type and severity of the injury.
Nonpenetrating wounds are a type of trauma or injury to the body that do not involve a break in the skin or underlying tissues. These wounds can result from blunt force trauma, such as being struck by an object or falling onto a hard surface. They can also result from crushing injuries, where significant force is applied to a body part, causing damage to internal structures without breaking the skin.
Nonpenetrating wounds can cause a range of injuries, including bruising, swelling, and damage to internal organs, muscles, bones, and other tissues. The severity of the injury depends on the force of the trauma, the location of the impact, and the individual's overall health and age.
While nonpenetrating wounds may not involve a break in the skin, they can still be serious and require medical attention. If you have experienced blunt force trauma or suspect a nonpenetrating wound, it is important to seek medical care to assess the extent of the injury and receive appropriate treatment.
Vascular system injuries refer to damages or disruptions to the body's vascular system, which is made up of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, disease, or surgical complications. They may result in bleeding, blockage of blood flow, or formation of blood clots, leading to serious consequences like tissue damage, organ failure, or even death if not treated promptly and appropriately.
Traumatic injuries to the vascular system can include cuts, tears, or bruises to the blood vessels, which can lead to internal or external bleeding. Blunt trauma can also cause damage to the blood vessels, leading to blockages or aneurysms.
Diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions can weaken the blood vessels and make them more prone to injury. Surgical complications, such as accidental cuts to blood vessels during operations, can also lead to vascular system injuries.
Treatment for vascular system injuries may include surgery, medication, or lifestyle changes, depending on the severity and location of the injury.
Traffic accidents are incidents that occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, a pedestrian, an animal, or a stationary object, resulting in damage or injury. These accidents can be caused by various factors such as driver error, distracted driving, drunk driving, speeding, reckless driving, poor road conditions, and adverse weather conditions. Traffic accidents can range from minor fender benders to severe crashes that result in serious injuries or fatalities. They are a significant public health concern and cause a substantial burden on healthcare systems, emergency services, and society as a whole.
Animal disease models are specialized animals, typically rodents such as mice or rats, that have been genetically engineered or exposed to certain conditions to develop symptoms and physiological changes similar to those seen in human diseases. These models are used in medical research to study the pathophysiology of diseases, identify potential therapeutic targets, test drug efficacy and safety, and understand disease mechanisms.
The genetic modifications can include knockout or knock-in mutations, transgenic expression of specific genes, or RNA interference techniques. The animals may also be exposed to environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, or infectious agents to induce the disease state.
Examples of animal disease models include:
1. Mouse models of cancer: Genetically engineered mice that develop various types of tumors, allowing researchers to study cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
2. Alzheimer's disease models: Transgenic mice expressing mutant human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, which exhibit amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline.
3. Diabetes models: Obese and diabetic mouse strains like the NOD (non-obese diabetic) or db/db mice, used to study the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively.
4. Cardiovascular disease models: Atherosclerosis-prone mice, such as ApoE-deficient or LDLR-deficient mice, that develop plaque buildup in their arteries when fed a high-fat diet.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease models: Mice with genetic mutations affecting intestinal barrier function and immune response, such as IL-10 knockout or SAMP1/YitFc mice, which develop colitis.
Animal disease models are essential tools in preclinical research, but it is important to recognize their limitations. Differences between species can affect the translatability of results from animal studies to human patients. Therefore, researchers must carefully consider the choice of model and interpret findings cautiously when applying them to human diseases.
"Trauma severity indices" refer to various scoring systems used by healthcare professionals to evaluate the severity of injuries in trauma patients. These tools help standardize the assessment and communication of injury severity among different members of the healthcare team, allowing for more effective and consistent treatment planning, resource allocation, and prognosis estimation.
There are several commonly used trauma severity indices, including:
1. Injury Severity Score (ISS): ISS is an anatomical scoring system that evaluates the severity of injuries based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The body is divided into six regions, and the square of the highest AIS score in each region is summed to calculate the ISS. Scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries.
2. New Injury Severity Score (NISS): NISS is a modification of the ISS that focuses on the three most severely injured body regions, regardless of their anatomical location. The three highest AIS scores are squared and summed to calculate the NISS. This scoring system tends to correlate better with mortality than the ISS in some studies.
3. Revised Trauma Score (RTS): RTS is a physiological scoring system that evaluates the patient's respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological status upon arrival at the hospital. It uses variables such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate to calculate a score between 0 and 7.84, with lower scores indicating more severe injuries.
4. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS): TRISS is a combined anatomical and physiological scoring system that estimates the probability of survival based on ISS or NISS, RTS, age, and mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating). It uses logistic regression equations to calculate the predicted probability of survival.
5. Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS): PTS is a physiological scoring system specifically designed for children under 14 years old. It evaluates six variables, including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, capillary refill time, GCS, and temperature to calculate a score between -6 and +12, with lower scores indicating more severe injuries.
These scoring systems help healthcare professionals assess the severity of trauma, predict outcomes, allocate resources, and compare patient populations in research settings. However, they should not replace clinical judgment or individualized care for each patient.
Finger injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the fingers, which can include cuts, bruises, dislocations, fractures, and sprains. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or direct blows to the finger. Symptoms of finger injuries may include pain, swelling, stiffness, deformity, numbness, or inability to move the finger. The treatment for finger injuries varies depending on the type and severity of the injury, but may include rest, immobilization, ice, compression, elevation, physical therapy, medication, or surgery. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment of finger injuries to prevent further complications and ensure optimal recovery.
Foot injuries refer to any damage or trauma caused to the various structures of the foot, including the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, and nerves. These injuries can result from various causes such as accidents, sports activities, falls, or repetitive stress. Common types of foot injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, contusions, dislocations, and overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis or Achilles tendonitis. Symptoms may vary depending on the type and severity of the injury but often include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty walking, and reduced range of motion. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal healing and prevent long-term complications.
Sprague-Dawley rats are a strain of albino laboratory rats that are widely used in scientific research. They were first developed by researchers H.H. Sprague and R.C. Dawley in the early 20th century, and have since become one of the most commonly used rat strains in biomedical research due to their relatively large size, ease of handling, and consistent genetic background.
Sprague-Dawley rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not suffer from the same limitations as inbred strains, which can have reduced fertility and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. They are also characterized by their docile nature and low levels of aggression, making them easier to handle and study than some other rat strains.
These rats are used in a wide variety of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, and behavioral studies. Because they are genetically diverse, Sprague-Dawley rats can be used to model a range of human diseases and conditions, making them an important tool in the development of new drugs and therapies.
Penetrating wounds are a type of traumatic injury that occurs when an object pierces through the skin and underlying tissues, creating a hole or cavity in the body. These wounds can vary in severity, depending on the size and shape of the object, as well as the location and depth of the wound.
Penetrating wounds are typically caused by sharp objects such as knives, bullets, or glass. They can damage internal organs, blood vessels, nerves, and bones, leading to serious complications such as bleeding, infection, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly and properly.
The management of penetrating wounds involves a thorough assessment of the wound and surrounding tissues, as well as the identification and treatment of any associated injuries or complications. This may include wound cleaning and closure, antibiotics to prevent infection, pain management, and surgery to repair damaged structures. In some cases, hospitalization and close monitoring may be necessary to ensure proper healing and recovery.
Burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. They are classified based on their severity:
1. First-degree burns (superficial burns) affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis), causing redness, pain, and swelling.
2. Second-degree burns (partial-thickness burns) damage both the epidermis and the underlying layer of skin (dermis). They result in redness, pain, swelling, and blistering.
3. Third-degree burns (full-thickness burns) destroy the entire depth of the skin and can also damage underlying muscles, tendons, and bones. These burns appear white or blackened and charred, and they may be painless due to destroyed nerve endings.
Immediate medical attention is required for second-degree and third-degree burns, as well as for large area first-degree burns, to prevent infection, manage pain, and ensure proper healing. Treatment options include wound care, antibiotics, pain management, and possibly skin grafting or surgery in severe cases.
Occupational accidents are defined as unexpected and unplanned events that occur in the context of work and lead to physical or mental harm. These accidents can be caused by a variety of factors, including unsafe working conditions, lack of proper training, or failure to use appropriate personal protective equipment. Occupational accidents can result in injuries, illnesses, or even death, and can have significant impacts on individuals, families, and communities. In many cases, occupational accidents are preventable through the implementation of effective safety measures and risk management strategies.
Penetrating eye injuries are a type of ocular trauma where a foreign object or substance pierces the outer layers of the eye and damages the internal structures. This can result in serious harm to various parts of the eye, such as the cornea, iris, lens, or retina, and may potentially cause vision loss or blindness if not promptly treated.
The severity of a penetrating eye injury depends on several factors, including the type and size of the object that caused the injury, the location of the wound, and the extent of damage to the internal structures. Common causes of penetrating eye injuries include sharp objects, such as metal shards or glass fragments, projectiles, such as pellets or bullets, and explosive materials.
Symptoms of a penetrating eye injury may include pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, floaters, or the presence of a foreign body in the eye. If you suspect that you have sustained a penetrating eye injury, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention from an ophthalmologist or other healthcare professional with experience in treating eye trauma.
Treatment for penetrating eye injuries may include removing any foreign objects or substances from the eye, repairing damaged tissues, and administering medications to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the injury and restore vision. Preventing eye injuries is crucial, and appropriate protective eyewear should be worn when engaging in activities that pose a risk of eye trauma.
In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.
For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.
Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.
Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.
Whiplash injuries are a type of soft tissue injury to the neck that occurs when the head is suddenly and forcefully thrown backward (hyperextension) and then forward (hyperflexion). This motion is similar to the cracking of a whip, hence the term "whiplash."
Whiplash injuries are most commonly associated with rear-end automobile accidents, but they can also occur from sports accidents, physical abuse, or other traumatic events. The impact of these forces on the neck can cause damage to the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other soft tissues in the neck, resulting in pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
In some cases, whiplash injuries may also cause damage to the discs between the vertebrae in the spine or to the nerves exiting the spinal cord. These types of injuries can have more serious consequences and may require additional medical treatment.
Whiplash injuries are typically diagnosed based on a combination of physical examination, patient history, and imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment for whiplash injuries may include pain medication, physical therapy, chiropractic care, or in some cases, surgery.
Needlestick injuries are sharp object injuries typically involving hollow-bore needles, which can result in exposure to bloodborne pathogens. They often occur during the use or disposal of contaminated needles in healthcare settings. These injuries pose a significant risk for transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. It is essential to follow strict protocols for handling and disposing of needles and other sharp objects to minimize the risk of needlestick injuries.
Smoke inhalation injury is a type of damage that occurs to the respiratory system when an individual breathes in smoke, most commonly during a fire. This injury can affect both the upper and lower airways and can cause a range of symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Smoke inhalation injury can also lead to more severe complications, such as chemical irritation of the airways, swelling of the throat and lungs, and respiratory failure. In some cases, it can even be fatal. The severity of the injury depends on several factors, including the duration and intensity of the exposure, the individual's underlying health status, and the presence of any pre-existing lung conditions.
Smoke inhalation injury is caused by a combination of thermal injury (heat damage) and chemical injury (damage from toxic substances present in the smoke). The heat from the smoke can cause direct damage to the airways, leading to inflammation and swelling. At the same time, the chemicals in the smoke can irritate and corrode the lining of the airways, causing further damage.
Some of the toxic substances found in smoke include carbon monoxide, cyanide, and various other chemicals released by burning materials. These substances can interfere with the body's ability to transport oxygen and can cause metabolic acidosis, a condition characterized by an excessively acidic environment in the body.
Treatment for smoke inhalation injury typically involves providing supportive care to help the individual breathe more easily, such as administering oxygen or using mechanical ventilation. In some cases, medications may be used to reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways. Severe cases of smoke inhalation injury may require hospitalization and intensive care.
Gunshot wounds are defined as traumatic injuries caused by the penetration of bullets or other projectiles fired from firearms into the body. The severity and extent of damage depend on various factors such as the type of firearm used, the distance between the muzzle and the victim, the size and shape of the bullet, and its velocity.
Gunshot wounds can be classified into two main categories:
1. Penetrating gunshot wounds: These occur when a bullet enters the body but does not exit, causing damage to the organs, tissues, and blood vessels along its path.
2. Perforating gunshot wounds: These happen when a bullet enters and exits the body, creating an entry and exit wound, causing damage to the structures it traverses.
Based on the mechanism of injury, gunshot wounds can also be categorized into low-velocity (less than 1000 feet per second) and high-velocity (greater than 1000 feet per second) injuries. High-velocity gunshot wounds are more likely to cause extensive tissue damage due to the transfer of kinetic energy from the bullet to the surrounding tissues.
Immediate medical attention is required for individuals with gunshot wounds, as they may experience significant blood loss, infection, and potential long-term complications such as organ dysfunction or disability. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention to control bleeding, remove foreign material, repair damaged structures, and manage infections if present.
Electric injuries refer to damage to the body caused by exposure to electrical energy. This can occur when a person comes into contact with an electrical source, such as a power line or outlet, and the electrical current passes through the body. The severity of the injury depends on various factors, including the voltage and amperage of the electrical current, the duration of exposure, and the path the current takes through the body.
Electric injuries can cause a range of symptoms and complications, including burns, cardiac arrest, muscle damage, nerve damage, and fractures or dislocations (if the victim is thrown by the electrical shock). In some cases, electric injuries can be fatal. Treatment typically involves supportive care to stabilize the patient's vital signs, as well as specific interventions to address any complications that may have arisen as a result of the injury. Prevention measures include following safety guidelines when working with electricity and being aware of potential electrical hazards in one's environment.
A contusion is a medical term for a bruise. It's a type of injury that occurs when blood vessels become damaged or broken as a result of trauma to the body. This trauma can be caused by a variety of things, such as a fall, a blow, or a hit. When the blood vessels are damaged, blood leaks into the surrounding tissues, causing the area to become discolored and swollen.
Contusions can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most common in areas that are more likely to be injured, such as the knees, elbows, and hands. In some cases, a contusion may be accompanied by other injuries, such as fractures or sprains.
Most contusions will heal on their own within a few days or weeks, depending on the severity of the injury. Treatment typically involves rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to help reduce swelling and pain. In some cases, over-the-counter pain medications may also be recommended to help manage discomfort.
If you suspect that you have a contusion, it's important to seek medical attention if the injury is severe or if you experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or loss of consciousness. These could be signs of a more serious injury and require immediate medical attention.
"Recovery of function" is a term used in medical rehabilitation to describe the process in which an individual regains the ability to perform activities or tasks that were previously difficult or impossible due to injury, illness, or disability. This can involve both physical and cognitive functions. The goal of recovery of function is to help the person return to their prior level of independence and participation in daily activities, work, and social roles as much as possible.
Recovery of function may be achieved through various interventions such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, and other rehabilitation strategies. The specific approach used will depend on the individual's needs and the nature of their impairment. Recovery of function can occur spontaneously as the body heals, or it may require targeted interventions to help facilitate the process.
It is important to note that recovery of function does not always mean a full return to pre-injury or pre-illness levels of ability. Instead, it often refers to the person's ability to adapt and compensate for any remaining impairments, allowing them to achieve their maximum level of functional independence and quality of life.
An "accident" is an unfortunate event that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury. In medical terms, an accident refers to an unplanned occurrence resulting in harm or injury to a person's body, which may require medical attention. Accidents can happen due to various reasons such as human error, mechanical failure, or environmental factors.
Examples of accidents that may require medical attention include:
1. Traffic accidents: These can result in injuries such as fractures, head trauma, and soft tissue injuries.
2. Workplace accidents: These can include falls, machinery malfunctions, or exposure to hazardous substances, resulting in injuries or illnesses.
3. Home accidents: These can include burns, cuts, falls, or poisoning, which may require medical treatment.
4. Sports accidents: These can result in injuries such as sprains, strains, fractures, or concussions.
5. Recreational accidents: These can occur during activities such as swimming, hiking, or biking and may result in injuries such as drowning, falls, or trauma.
Preventing accidents is crucial to maintaining good health and safety. This can be achieved through education, awareness, and the implementation of safety measures in various settings such as homes, workplaces, and roads.
C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.
The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.
C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.
One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.
Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.
Penetrating head injuries are a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. This can result in damage to specific areas of the brain, depending on the location and trajectory of the penetrating object. Penetrating head injuries can be caused by various objects, such as bullets, knives, or sharp debris from accidents. They are often severe and require immediate medical attention, as they can lead to significant neurological deficits, disability, or even death.
Multiple trauma, also known as polytrauma, is a medical term used to describe severe injuries to the body that are sustained in more than one place or region. It often involves damage to multiple organ systems and can be caused by various incidents such as traffic accidents, falls from significant heights, high-energy collisions, or violent acts.
The injuries sustained in multiple trauma may include fractures, head injuries, internal bleeding, chest and abdominal injuries, and soft tissue injuries. These injuries can lead to a complex medical situation requiring immediate and ongoing care from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including emergency physicians, trauma surgeons, critical care specialists, nurses, rehabilitation therapists, and mental health providers.
Multiple trauma is a serious condition that can result in long-term disability or even death if not treated promptly and effectively.
1856 Schiedam train accident
Andrew Davies (footballer)
Graham Stack (surgeon)
Cycling in London
BB gun
Qusay Hussein
Bryan Bullington
Medial knee injuries
Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021
Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape
Arm
Radio-controlled helicopter
Dick Drott
Catfish Hunter
Royal Army of Oman
Brodie Lee
Luke Harper and Erick Rowan
Erick Rowan
Lady Bay Bridge
Repetitive strain injury
2020 New Year Honours
Sussex Arms pub bombing
Flail limb
Wayne Granger
Miranda Parker
1884 in baseball
Mark Bonner (footballer)
Toronto Blue Jays minor league players
Falls Church Airpark
Vance Wilson
Anton Hafner
Arm Injuries and Disorders - Multiple Languages: MedlinePlus
Jack Jablonski, 16, Moves Arms Against All Odds After Severe HS Hockey Injuries | IBTimes
Tottenham keeper Hugo Lloris suffers ugly arm injury vs. Brighton
Temple police searching for suspect in armed robbery, no injuries reported
Corey Kluber injury update: Indians ace (broken arm) ramps up mound work | Sporting News
Tennis star Kvitova recovering from arm injury - Mangalorean.com
Update: Cold Injuries, Active and Reserve Components, U.S. Armed Forces, July 2017-June 2022 | Health.mil
Surveillance snapshot: Illness and injury burdens, recruit trainees, U.S. Armed Forces, 2021 | Health.mil
Surveillance snapshot: Illness and injury burdens, recruit trainees, U.S. Armed Forces, 2020 | Health.mil
Military Injury Claims, Armed Forces Compensation Lawyers | Irwin Mitchell Solicitors
Surveillance snapshot: Illness and injury burdens, reserve component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2021 | Health.mil
2,500 Settlement for Failure to Treat Broken Arm and Shoulder Injury | Prison Legal News
Kouzmanoff wanted to hide his arm injury - Gaslamp Ball
Quite The Racquet: Acute Upper Arm Injury In An Adolescent Tennis Player
Right Arm Injuries and Repair | High Impact, LLC
One Arm Dumbbell Row: Strengthen Your Back Without Pain or Injury
Severe Arm Injury : Medical Exhibit
Tim Tszyu's title defence bout against Mexican Carlos Ocampo in doubt after shock arm injury forces emergency surgery | Sky...
MotoGP: Oliveira Will Miss French GP Due To Arm Injury - Roadracing World Magazine | Motorcycle Riding, Racing & Tech News
Bath's Wales international number eight Taulupe Faletau set to miss Six Nations with arm injury | Wiltshire Times
Re: multi-vehicle RTC, A45 Yardley, Bham. Two walking wounded; one with arm injury and one child with v. small cut. - West...
STandard versus Accelerated initiation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI): UK arm of a multi...
compensation for a broken arm after a car accident - Louisiana Personal Injury Lawyers
Leyland girl left with arm injuries after incident with dog and its owner - LancsLive
Forensic Pathology of Firearm Wounds: Overview, Modern Small Arms, Epidemiology
Upper Arm Fractures - Injuries and Poisoning - MSD Manual Consumer Version
arm injuries Archives - iOrtho+®
Throwing Arm Injuries For Athletes
Throwing Arm Injuries in Young Adults
Traumatic Injury Amputation Patient Stories | UPMC | Pittsburgh, Pa.
Elbow Injury2
- You may suffered broken bones, an elbow injury, a broken wrist, soft tissue injuries or even an amputation. (claims.co.uk)
- ALL ABOUT COMFORT: We know it could be unpleasant with a shoulder or elbow injury. (braceup.com)
Pitchers4
- Throwing athletes, baseball pitchers, specifically, risk injuries to the shoulder and elbow with this early specialization. (orthoatlanta.com)
- The commonplace occurrence of arm surgery amongst professional pitchers reflects the cumulative wear and tear caused by repeatedly throwing a small white ball at high speeds. (espn.com)
- In the AJSM study, reconstructed pitchers were followed for seven consecutive seasons and demonstrated no significant change in mean ERA or WHIP when compared to their pre-injury numbers. (espn.com)
- By and large, though, pitchers keep blowing out their arms at an alarming rate. (jaegersports.com)
Accidents5
- Serving in the armed forces is, by its very nature, a dangerous job and it's generally accepted that accidents and injuries will happen in the line of duty. (irwinmitchell.com)
- Car accidents and other traumatic injuries can compress the thoracic outlet as well as the vessels and nerves in this area. (healthline.com)
- At least, we think we do - even at low speed, car accidents can cause injuries that take some time to appear. (completechiropractic.co.uk)
- Our attorneys will always fight diligently for clients, particularly if they or their loved ones were involved in serious auto accidents that caused life-changing or fatal injuries . (zucker-regev.com)
- In major accidents, it is possible for a motorcyclist to experience some sort of spinal cord injury. (zucker-regev.com)
Humerus4
- While immediate medical attention successfully repositioned his dislocated left shoulder, further assessments revealed a more severe injury, including a fracture in the humerus and an anterior ligamentous labrum injury. (roadracingworld.com)
- There are three major bones in the arm: the humerus, the radius, and the ulna. (nbalawfirm.com)
- Upper arm fractures occur at the upper end of the upper arm bone (humerus), affecting the shoulder joint. (msdmanuals.com)
- Fractures that occur in the upper part of the upper arm bone (humerus) cause pain in the shoulder because the upper arm bone is part of the shoulder joint. (msdmanuals.com)
Lawyers4
- If you have experienced a work-related injury, you can talk with one of our experienced Schenectady workers' compensation lawyers. (thesilvermanfirm.com)
- For more information about you legal options following a serious motorcycle accident or any type of motor vehicle collision, be sure to contact our personal injury lawyers today. (zucker-regev.com)
- Whatever the circumstances of the accident, a good starting point is to speak to someone from our team during a free case evaluation to learn how our personal injury lawyers can help. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
- Our personal injury lawyers have many years of experience in evaluating the financial impact of an accident. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
Fracture2
- These fracture cause pain and swelling in the shoulder and upper arm and limit movement of the arm. (msdmanuals.com)
- The upper arm bone may fracture in different places. (msdmanuals.com)
Forces8
- 1,2 In response, the U.S. Armed Forces have developed and improved training, doctrine, procedures, and protective equipment and clothing to counter the threat from cold environments. (health.mil)
- This fact sheet provides details on Rhabdomyolysis by location for active component, U.S. Armed Forces during a five-year surveillance period from 2012 through 2016. (health.mil)
- The Medical Surveillance Monthly Report, a peer-reviewed journal launched in 1995, is the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division's flagship publication. (health.mil)
- This report describes recent frequencies and rates of clinically-diagnosed sunburn among active component service members of the U.S. Armed Forces. (health.mil)
- A number of the solicitors in our military injury team are former service personnel, giving us specialised insight into dealing with the MoD, as well as the concerns many members of the armed forces have when making a military accident claim. (irwinmitchell.com)
- In particular, we understand the extent to which armed forces personnel rely on service benefits and earnings. (irwinmitchell.com)
- We've helped hundreds of injured personnel from all parts of the armed forces claim compensation. (irwinmitchell.com)
- 1) Creating two separate screening questions for poison and injury forces the respondent to equally consider injuries and poisonings. (cdc.gov)
Fractures5
- Upper arm fractures usually result from a fall on an outstretched arm. (msdmanuals.com)
- Doctors diagnose upper arm fractures based on x-rays and sometimes computed tomography. (msdmanuals.com)
- Fractures usually result from injuries or overuse. (msdmanuals.com)
- Upper arm fractures are common among older people. (msdmanuals.com)
- Common elbow injuries may include elbow sprain, nerve injury, soft tissue injury, and extremity fractures. (360relief.co.uk)
Repetitive2
- Or you may have slowly developed a condition such as repetitive strain injury. (claims.co.uk)
- A method for characterizing repetitive upper arm motions in apple harvesting and a comparison between working with ladders and mobile platforms. (cdc.gov)
Occur2
- Although hockey-related injuries can occur from a number of incidents, there has been increased encouragement for young players to be aggressive on the ice. (ibtimes.com)
- What types of arm injuries occur? (claims.co.uk)
Shoulder Injury1
- CryptoDATA RNF MotoGP Team's Miguel Oliveira has unfortunately been forced to withdraw from the upcoming French Grand Prix due to a shoulder injury sustained during the Spanish Grand Prix. (roadracingworld.com)
Paraplegia2
- These kinds of injuries need to be taken very seriously as major spinal cord injuries can cause paraplegia or quadriplegia. (zucker-regev.com)
- Descriptive analysis was performed us- injuries leading to paraplegia and quadriple- ing SPSS software, version 10.0 for Win- gia. (who.int)
Soft tissue injuries1
- However, most of the injuries are soft tissue injuries, including sprains in elbow joints. (360relief.co.uk)
20229
- From July 2021 through June 2022, a total of 482 members of the active (n=435) and reserve (n=47) components had at least 1 cold injury. (health.mil)
- The crude overall incidence rate of cold injury for all active component service members in 2021-2022 (33.1 per 100,000 person-years [p-yrs]) was slightly lower than the rate for the 2020-2021 cold season (35.5 per 100,000 p-yrs). (health.mil)
- In 2021-2022, frostbite was the most common type of cold injury among active component service members in all 4 services. (health.mil)
- Among active component members during the 2017-2022 cold seasons, overall rates of cold injuries were generally highest among male service members, non-Hispanic Black service members, the youngest (less than 20 years old), and those who were enlisted. (health.mil)
- The number of cold injuries associated with overseas deployments during the 2021-2022 cold season (n=13) was similar to the two previous cold seasons (10 in 2019-2020 and 11 in 2020-2021). (health.mil)
- Frostbite accounted for more than half (n=9) of the cold injuries identified in service members deployed outside of the U.S. during the 2021-2022 cold season. (health.mil)
- For all active component service members, the rate of cold injuries in 2021-2022 decreased slightly compared to the previous cold year. (health.mil)
- The number of cold injuries associated with deployment during 2021-2022 was similar to the two preceding cold years. (health.mil)
- This Surveillance Snapshot depicts, in two graphs, the health care burdens due to illness and injury among reserve component members of the U.S. Coast Guard in 2022. (health.mil)
Compensation15
- If you've been injured, or if a loved one has died, because of a military accident where safety measures have not been followed, then our solicitors could help you claim military injury compensation. (irwinmitchell.com)
- If you've suffered a broken arm in an accident caused by another driver's negligence, you are entitled to compensation for the damages you've incurred. (nbalawfirm.com)
- If you or a loved one have an arm or hand injury, due to another person's carelessness or negligence, a California personal injury lawyer from Johnson Attorneys Group can work with you to help ensure your rights are fully protected and that you obtain fair compensation. (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
- What Kinds of Compensation Are Available for a Hand or Arm Injury? (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
- Thankfully, the law allows you to make an arm injury claim for compensation for arm injuries if it was someone else's fault. (claims.co.uk)
- We'll partner you with a specialist personal injury solicitor for a free initial consultation about claiming arm injury compensation on a no win no fee basis. (claims.co.uk)
- It's only fair that your compensation reflects the full extent of how serious the injury is and its effect. (claims.co.uk)
- It's possible that you have severe injuries and are experiencing permanent and substantial disablement - which must be reflected in your compensation amount. (claims.co.uk)
- Call 518-631-4521 or contact us online for a free initial consultation with a New York work injury compensation attorney. (thesilvermanfirm.com)
- A personal injury lawyer can help you pursue compensation if you were injured or became ill and someone else was responsible. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
- Claiming compensation for an accident caused by someone else may seem like a daunting experience for many people, especially while recovering from their injuries. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
- If you want to take legal action to claim compensation for a personal injury, it is beneficial to get advice from a lawyer specializing in these cases. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
- Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a no-cost-to-workers, slip-resistant footwear (SRF) program in preventing workers' compensation injury claims caused by slipping on wet or greasy floors. (cdc.gov)
- Logistic regression was used to analyze dichotomous response data (injured based on workers' compensation injury claims data, or not injured, for each month worked). (cdc.gov)
- Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of a no-cost-to-workers SRF program in reducing slipping-related workers' compensation injury claims in food service workers. (cdc.gov)
20197
- Dalton Everhart made in his range of motion since the recruiter came to the emergency department after an injury nearly a month before this September 2019 visit (U.S. Army photo). (health.mil)
- From July 2018 through June 2019, a total of 513 members of the active (n=446) and reserve (n=67) components had at least 1 medical encounter with a primary diagnosis of cold injury. (health.mil)
- The crude overall incidence rate of cold injury for all active component service members in 2018-2019 (36.5 per 100,000 person-years [p-yrs]) was slightly higher than the rate for the 2017-2018 cold season (35.8 per 100,000 p-yrs) and was the highest rate during the 5-year surveillance period. (health.mil)
- The number of cold injuries associated with overseas deployments during the 2018-2019 cold season (n=24) was the highest count during the 5-year surveillance period. (health.mil)
- For all active component service members, the rate of cold weather injuries in 2018-2019 was the highest of the last 5 seasons. (health.mil)
- The study found that, over a 27-year period (1992 to 2019), 17,865 persons were killed in a workplace homicide, according to data from BLS's Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. (cdc.gov)
- About 529,000 nonfatal injuries from workplace violence were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) for the combined 2015 to 2019 period, based on data from NIOSH's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Occupational Supplement. (cdc.gov)
Spinal10
- While doctors claimed that Jack Jablonski would never walk again, the 16-year-old high school hockey player, who severely injured his spinal cord during a game, has made great strides in recovery and is already moving his arms. (ibtimes.com)
- Jablonski's spinal cord was severed at the neck and he is unable to move his legs, but has slight movement in his hands, right arm and shoulders. (ibtimes.com)
- A new technique in which working nerves are rerouted to paralyzed sites in patients with spinal cord injury provides patients with significant functional improvement in upper limb and hand function and is being described as "a game changer. (medscape.com)
- The ability to use their hands for functions like this is what spinal cord injury patients want most - more so than being able to walk," she added. (medscape.com)
- Many spinal cord injury patients still have the ability to move their shoulders, bend their elbows and expand their wrists - this means we have the nerves to these muscles at our disposal," she said. (medscape.com)
- We have been doing this for peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries for many years, but its use in spinal cord injury only started recently, and before this publication there have only been single cases reported. (medscape.com)
- I was doing a lot of brachial plexus nerve transfer surgeries and I thought it might work in spinal cord injury so we started doing it and found good results. (medscape.com)
- She notes that tendon transfer is already an established technique for patients with spinal cord injury, but nerve transfer gives different benefits. (medscape.com)
- The authors note that cervical spinal cord injury is a devastating, life-changing injury, which affects 250,000-500,000 people worldwide each year, with more than 50% of these injuries resulting in tetraplegia. (medscape.com)
- 18 months post-injury) cervical spinal cord injury of motor level C5 and below who underwent single or multiple nerve transfers in one or both upper limbs, sometimes combined with tendon transfers, for restoration of elbow extension, grasp, pinch, and hand opening. (medscape.com)
Frostbite4
- The term cold injuries is used to describe injuries that have a central effect, such as hypothermia, as well as injuries that primarily affect the peripheries of the body, such as frostbite and immersion injuries. (health.mil)
- 9 Moreover, the response includes constriction of the peripheral (superficial) vascular system, which may result in non-freezing injuries or hasten the onset of actual freezing of tissues (frostbite). (health.mil)
- As noted in prior MSMR updates, the rate of all cold injuries among active component Army members was higher in women than in men because of a much higher rate of frostbite among female soldiers. (health.mil)
- frostbite accounted for most such injuries. (health.mil)
Robbery2
Sling5
- These exercises are done even if the arm is in a sling or in a sling and swathe (as it usually is). (msdmanuals.com)
- 360 Relief Arm Sling is a great support to treat lower arm injuries and discomfort. (360relief.co.uk)
- Recover in comfort with the arm sling from BraceUP. (braceup.com)
- Our arm sling features a wide, cushioned shoulder strap for maximum comfort. (braceup.com)
- EASILY ADJUST: The arm sling can be easily adjusted with one hand, so you can achieve a customized fit even after putting on the sling. (braceup.com)
Epidemic1
- Now, we can explain away the arm injury epidemic any number of ways. (jaegersports.com)
Athletes4
- Block Sports Chiropractic & Physical Therapy would like to discuss common throwing arm injuries for athletes and how we can help! (blockchiropt.com)
- Sports physical therapy in Hauppauge can help throwing athletes both prevent and recover from these common injuries. (blockchiropt.com)
- Elliott has worked with athletes in the Olympic Training Center and the Australian Institute of Sport, he's served as a physiologist and injury prevention specialist to the New England Patriots, he's been a consultant for the Utah Jazz and, more pointedly, he's served as baseball's first Director of Sports Science and Performance, for the Seattle Mariners. (jaegersports.com)
- I'm shocked about how little information and coaching is available to baseball athletes on how to improve their performance and reduce risk of baseball arm injury. (topvelocity.net)
Surgery5
- The two-time Wimbledon champion received stab wounds in her left arm and the 26-year-old had to undergo surgery on December 21. (mangalorean.com)
- Surgery was recommended for the rotator cuff injury, but upon the filing of the complaint on February 29, 2016, that surgery had not been approved or conducted by FDC. (prisonlegalnews.org)
- Tszyu was reported to have been bitten by a dog on his right arm on Sunday before he was rushed to hospital and underwent surgery that evening, Fox Sports reported. (skynews.com.au)
- Australian boxer Tim Tszyu has undergone emergency surgery on his arm just weeks out from his bout against Carlos Ocampo. (skynews.com.au)
- No pitcher wants to hear he needs surgery on his throwing arm, but if the damage is severe enough, it may be unavoidable. (espn.com)
Right arm3
- Eight days since the game, Jablonski has moved his arms, can flex his left elbow and can move his right arm away from his body, all movements doctors initially did not think he would be able to do following the accident. (ibtimes.com)
- It was just the second time Kluber, 33, threw off the mound since being struck on the right arm by a line drive off the bat of Marlins outfielder Brian Anderson in a game May 1. (sportingnews.com)
- I've been so busy with work (and am still struggling with pain in my right arm/shoulder) that I've not managed to blog as much as I'd hoped this week. (fatgirltoironman.co.uk)
Nerve4
- Occasionally, a nerve is damaged, causing numbness in the upper arm. (msdmanuals.com)
- Arm wrestling seems harmless, but it can cause various injuries such as connective tissue, muscles, joints, and nerve injuries. (360relief.co.uk)
- We often do tendon transfer in one arm and nerve transfer in the other. (medscape.com)
- The aims were to, in a clinical setting, assess the concordance between the SWS and the ICC neurosensory severity grading of vibration injury, and to present the clinical picture according to symptoms, type of affected nerve fibres and the relation between vascular and neurosensory manifestations. (lu.se)
Fatal injuries1
- From minor to fatal injuries, we stand by our clients during difficult times. (thesilvermanfirm.com)
Mitigate2
- Continuous surveillance is essential to prevent cold weather injuries and mitigate their adverse impacts on military operations. (health.mil)
- To mitigate these problems, the original question was unpacked into separate screening questions, asking two different questions for poisonings and injuries as well as separating self-report from proxy-report. (cdc.gov)
Shoulders4
- It all strengthens your shoulders, upper arms, and core. (pritikin.com)
- The increased pressure on the blood vessels and nerves may cause pain in your shoulders, neck, and arms. (healthline.com)
- You might also have a limited range of motion in your shoulders and arms. (healthline.com)
- Your doctor will ask you to move your neck, shoulders, and arms in different positions. (healthline.com)
Negligence2
- If you or a loved one has sustained this kind of injury due to another person's carelessness or negligence, remember that there is limited time to make a personal injury claim in the California civil court. (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
- At the Law Firm of Zucker & Regev in Brooklyn, NY , we represent victims of negligence, medical malpractice , wrongful death , and other personal injury cases with dozens of verdicts worth over $1 million. (zucker-regev.com)
Accident7
- After a car accident, signs that indicate a broken arm include swelling, pain when moving the arm, decreased sensation, and/or an inability to move the limb. (nbalawfirm.com)
- If you've injured your arm in an accident that was somebody else's fault, it can be particularly frustrating. (claims.co.uk)
- However the accident occurred, an arm injury can really take its toll on your daily life so it's really important to get medical treatment as soon as it happens. (claims.co.uk)
- Injuries to the arm can happen as a result of a fall, something falling on to it, an accident at work, trapping your arm, a sudden impact or as a result of other injuries that go on to cause pain in the arm. (ibbotsonbrady.co.uk)
- Motorcyclists are exposed, and when involved in a single-vehicle accident or a collision with another vehicle, the possibility of major injuries with lasting repercussions is very high. (zucker-regev.com)
- This basic safety gear can prevent or minimize the following injuries that motorcyclists often experience following an accident. (zucker-regev.com)
- Keep in mind that even if you are wearing a helmet, you can still suffer a concussion or another kind of head injury if the accident is severe. (zucker-regev.com)
Wrist1
- Depending on the circumstances, there is a wide range of arm and wrist injuries and conditions which can affect your lower or upper arm. (claims.co.uk)
Prevention4
- Military training and combat operations will require continued emphasis on effective cold injury prevention strategies and adherence to the policies and procedures in place to protect service members against such injuries. (health.mil)
- Parents have a responsibility to understand these issues as prevention is the main factor in maintaining the arm health of their children. (orthoatlanta.com)
- DSN: CC37.NHIS90.HPDPCHLD ABSTRACT 1990 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP) Injury Control and Child Safety and Health File (ICCSH) 1. (cdc.gov)
- The 1990 Injury Control and Child Safety and Health (ICCSH) file contains the portions of the 1990 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP) that were related to child health and safety. (cdc.gov)
Severity2
Personal Injury2
- Why Do You Need a California Personal Injury Lawyer? (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
- A personal injury lawyer can examine the facts of your case and help you determine how to move forward with your situation. (loncarlyonjenkins.com)
Velocity5
- Kouzmanoff can now throw a ball to first base with "pretty close" the same velocity he could before the injury. (gaslampball.com)
- Part 4 of 4 This is the fourth and final part of a four-part series covering the potential impact of velocity and arm injuries. (joeldbradley.com)
- Part 3 of 4 Part three of a four-part series looking at the potential impact of velocity and arm injuries "OLD HOSS" The historical time line of baseball has incredible value when trying to piece together answers as to current conditions within the game. (joeldbradley.com)
- Tommy's Got A Gun: Does Velocity Influence Arm Injuries? (joeldbradley.com)
- Part 2 of 4 Part two of a four-part series looking at the potential impact of velocity and arm injuries. (joeldbradley.com)
Claims4
- Galicich claims the injuries suffered are more common that one might think. (ibtimes.com)
- Decades of experience in personal injury claims. (claims.co.uk)
- To find out about the no win no fee personal injury claims process, get in touch with our advisors for free legal advice on 0800 234 6438 , or use our contact form and request a call back. (claims.co.uk)
- When exploring injury claims, our goal is to help get you the support you need to overcome the injury itself, and then to rebuild your life in its aftermath. (ibbotsonbrady.co.uk)
Workplace4
- The offender was armed in 16% of nonfatal workplace violence. (cdc.gov)
- Offenders were armed in about 24% of nonfatal workplace violence against workers in retail sales and in 24% of nonfatal workplace violence against those in transportation occupations. (cdc.gov)
- Overall, 12% of nonfatal workplace violence involved injury to the victim. (cdc.gov)
- However, nearly a quarter (23%) of nonfatal workplace violence against workers in medical occupations resulted in victim injury. (cdc.gov)
Lawyer1
- Our law firm will provide you an experienced and aggressive lawyer in a personal injury case, to stand up to the insurance companies and win every dollar that you deserve for your injuries. (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
NHIS2
- The purpose of cognitive testing was to 1) provide insight as to why NHIS estimates of poisonings and injuries appear to be dropping while other estimates (such as emergency room visits) are holding steady and propose changes that would likely improve estimates, and 2) identify questions that contribute to inefficient use of interview time and propose changes that would likely reduce overall burden. (cdc.gov)
- 5. The response rate for the Injury Control and Child Safety and Health portion of the NHIS-HPDP was 82.7 percent. (cdc.gov)
Chiropractic1
- If you are dealing with a throwing arm injury, Block Sports Chiropractic & Physical Therapy is here to help! (blockchiropt.com)
Ligaments2
- During arm-wrestling, muscles, tendons, and elbow ligaments are at higher risk of injuries. (360relief.co.uk)
- The arm is a complex structure of bone, ligaments and muscles starting at the top of the shoulder. (ibbotsonbrady.co.uk)
Overhead activities1
- You need to stop playing further and avoid overhead activities, allowing your injuries to heal properly. (360relief.co.uk)
Strength3
- But many of us don't fully understand, or appreciate, the benefits of strength (also called resistance) exercises such as the one arm dumbbell row. (pritikin.com)
- Sometimes, arm wrestlers also need physical therapy, helping improve the strength and the elbows' range of motion. (360relief.co.uk)
- Strength and conditioning and nutrition are tied in when we begin to understand how to maximize power through good movement patterns (poor movements get exposed in the weight room) and how strength and muscle mass work to help stabilize your joints helping to minimize the risk of Baseball Arm Injury. (topvelocity.net)
Common3
- [ 1 ] As injuries due to firearms are common in most areas of the United States, skill in the interpretation of these injuries is vitally important for the practitioner of forensic pathology. (medscape.com)
- Through proper strengthening, stretching, and form instruction, sports physical therapy in Hauppauge can help prevent common injuries while helping you reach peak performance levels safely. (blockchiropt.com)
- common, and so little is known about the length of hospital stay and source of reim- characteristics of this type of injury. (who.int)
Muscles3
- 360 Relief Elbow Support provides a snug, yet flexible fit which helps muscles and reduce the risk of injuries. (360relief.co.uk)
- Blood vessels, nerves, and muscles that extend from the back to the arms pass through this area. (healthline.com)
- The results of an injury to the arm can include a number of problems, such as a break, to any one of the bones in the arm or the elbow, damage to the muscles or the tendons and many other conditions. (ibbotsonbrady.co.uk)
Slowly3
- When the elbow has reached the height of the body and the scapula has moved as far as possible toward the spine, slowly lower the elbow until the arm is straight. (pritikin.com)
- From this position, begin to slowly bring one arm directly toward your rib cage at a 90-degree angle. (mindbodygreen.com)
- Slowly bring one arm upward in a straight line, trying to keep your arm close to your ear throughout the movement. (mindbodygreen.com)
Stiffness1
- You will work in the garden, rearrange the furniture, or roughhouse with the kids with less likelihood of stiffness, pain, or injury. (pritikin.com)
Back4
- From exercise physiologists Ivan Ferran, Jamie Costello, and Jackie Gavino at the Pritikin Longevity Center, get tips on how to strengthen your back without pain or risk of injury. (pritikin.com)
- A well-executed one arm dumbbell row builds a strong back. (pritikin.com)
- Furthermore, we can openly wonder whether year-round baseball at the youth level is compounding the problem, putting undue duress on young arms that can come back to haunt them eventually, if not immediately. (jaegersports.com)
- He had head and back injuries. (wikipedia.org)
Physical therapy1
- This leaves you more susceptible to injuries that require the help of sports physical therapy in Hauppauge. (blockchiropt.com)
Workers2
- Repetitions were counted based on different thresholds for changes in upper- arm inclination (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees) (computational method) and were also calculated from a subset of workers that were video-taped (observational method). (cdc.gov)
- This was a rate of 7.1 ED-treated injuries per 10,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers. (cdc.gov)
Legs2
- Legs, feet and arms have different values as far as the length of time benefits are received is concerned. (thesilvermanfirm.com)
- This is why fully covering up your arms and legs with sturdy gear is so important. (zucker-regev.com)
Work4
- An injured arm or hand can prevent the victim from doing virtually any work, and from performing even the most basic necessary daily tasks-even such as eating, or drinking fluids, or just holding an object, or tying a shoe-much less more involved activities, like driving or working to earn a living. (californiainjuryaccidentlawyer.com)
- Even mild arm injuries, such as a sprained muscle, can be very wearing and prevent you undertaking your usual hobbies or work activities. (claims.co.uk)
- Once a percentage of loss is determined related to the work injury , the injured party is provided benefits for a set amount of weeks. (thesilvermanfirm.com)
- Regardless, if you don't work to correct your deficiencies you will never maximize your performance and you will burn through your joints at an accelerated rate which will eventually lead to baseball arm injury. (topvelocity.net)
Broken arm7
- Corizon Health agreed to pay $2,500 to a prisoner for failing to treat his broken arm. (prisonlegalnews.org)
- The attack resulted in a broken arm. (prisonlegalnews.org)
- BATH'S Wales international number eight Taulupe Faletau is set to miss the Six Nations with a broken arm. (wiltshiretimes.co.uk)
- That match marked Faletau's return from another broken arm sustained in October. (wiltshiretimes.co.uk)
- A doctor can diagnose a broken arm with a physical exam and X-rays. (nbalawfirm.com)
- It can take three to six months for a broken arm to heal, with a cast being worn for four to six weeks. (nbalawfirm.com)
- Forida receiver Solomon Patton suffered a broken arm early against Georgia on Saturday. (sbnation.com)