Bacteriuria
Pyuria
Urinary Tract Infections
Urine
Reagent Strips
Pyelonephritis
Urinalysis
Cystitis
Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Nitrofurantoin
Proteus
Proteus mirabilis
False Negative Reactions
Hebrides
Firefly Luciferin
Urinary Catheters
Bacteria
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
False Positive Reactions
Glycosuria
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
Urinary Tract
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Intermittent Urethral Catheterization
Nitrites
Cefixime
Internal Medicine
Enterococcus
Enterococcus faecalis
Journal Impact Factor
Correlation of periurethral bacterial flora with bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in children with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization. (1/581)
Periurethral bacteria are inoculated daily into the urine of children with neurogenic bladder during clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). We examined how frequently periurethral bacterial species produced bacteriuria in children followed longitudinally. When Escherichia coli was detected on the periurethra, bacteriuria was also present 93% of the time. When Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, or Enterococcus species or nonpathogens were detected on the periurethra, bacteriuria was present 80%, 40%, 40%, and 25% of the time, respectively. Clonal typing of multiple colonies of E. coli from each periurethral and urine culture revealed that children carried only one or two E. coli clones in their urinary tracts over months of surveillance. When E. coli was detected in the urine, the identical clone was on the periurethra. E. coli persisted for weeks in the urine without causing symptoms. Occasionally the same E. coli clone carried for weeks caused a urinary tract infection. Bacteriuria frequently occurs after inoculation of periurethral E. coli into the urine during CIC. (+info)Procedure for expediting determinations of antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative, urinary tract pathogens. (2/581)
Standardized direct disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing on monomicrobial urine specimens is compared with the Food and Drug Administration method. The direct procedure yields acceptable data and may conserve 24 h in reporting results. (+info)Mycoplasma penetrans and other mycoplasmas in urine of human immunodeficiency virus-positive children. (3/581)
Urine samples from children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and healthy controls were examined for mycoplasmas by culture. Standard biochemical assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and PCR (16S and 16S-23S spacer rRNA region) were used for identification of isolates. Mycoplasmas were identified from 13 (87%) of 15 HIV-positive patients and 3 (20%) of 15 HIV-negative control patients. The frequency and type of mycoplasma varied with the severity of HIV infection. Mycoplasma penetrans, Mycoplasma pirum, Mycoplasma fermentans, and Mycoplasma genitalium were isolated from patients with severe immunodeficiency. Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were isolated more frequently from children in the early stages of HIV infection and from HIV-negative patients. Mycoplasma penetrans was isolated from one (50%) of two patients in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) group B and from five (55.5%) of nine pediatric patients with AIDS (CDC group C). This is the first report that indicates that "AIDS-associated" mycoplasmas are more common in HIV-infected children than in HIV-negative controls. (+info)Single-dose oral ciprofloxacin compared with cefotaxime and placebo for prophylaxis during transurethral surgery. (4/581)
To determine the efficacy and safety of single-dose oral ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for the prevention of post-operative bacteriuria following transurethral resection of the prostate or bladder tumour, a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Five hundred and eighteen patients were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive ciprofloxacin 500 mg, cefotaxime 1 g or placebo 30-90 min before surgery. Of the 368 efficacy-evaluable patients, five (3.3%) ciprofloxacin, seven (4.8%) cefotaxime and five (7.0%) placebo recipients had post-operative bacteriuria (> or = 10(4) cfu/mL) during post-operative days 2-15. Five (3.4%) ciprofloxacin, five (3.4%) cefotaxime and one (2.4%) placebo recipients were considered clinical failures, of whom one, two and one patients, respectively, had concomitant bacteriuria. Drug-related adverse events were reported in six of 204 (3%) ciprofloxacin, 12 of 197 (6%) cefotaxime and one of 101 (1%) placebo patients. The observed rates of post-operative bacteriuria suggest that a single 500 mg dose of ciprofloxacin is suitable prophylaxis for transurethral surgery. (+info)Effect of glucose and pH on uropathogenic and non-uropathogenic Escherichia coli: studies with urine from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. (5/581)
It is generally assumed that one of the reasons why diabetics are more susceptible to urinary tract infections than non-diabetics is their 'sweet urine'. However, very little information is available on this subject. Therefore, the growth rates of different Escherichia coli strains were studied in human urine with and without added glucose and with and without a constant pH, and compared with their growth rates in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB). Eight isolates were used (three from blood cultures from urosepsis patients, two urinary isolates, two faecal isolates and one laboratory strain K12). All isolates grew better in MHB than in urine, but with the exception of the laboratory strain, they had the same growth rate in urine. No significant difference was found between the growth rate in urine from diabetics without glucosuria and that in urine from non-diabetics. The addition of glucose (up to a concentration of 1000 mg/dl) to urine and MHB enhanced the growth rate of all isolates. However, very high concentrations of glucose (up to 10000 mg/dl) in urine and MHB caused a decrease in bacterial growth rate when the urinary pH was not kept constant. The stationary phase was reached later and the final bacterial yield was greater when the urine was made less acidic. As the uropathogenic strains did not grow better in urine than the other isolates, it may be concluded that better growth in urine is not one of the causes of the greater virulence of these strains. (+info)Experimental urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. (6/581)
Urinary tract infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was induced in mice by transurethral inoculation of the organism into the bladder, followed by urethral obstruction for 6 h. The infection was mostly localized in the urinary organs. P. aeruginosa P9 was selected as the challenge organism from 10 laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. After the inoculation of 10(7) colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa P9, transient bacteremia was observed in some of the mice from 6 h to 1 day after the inoculation. The number of organisms in the bladder tissue gradually decreased, whereas that in the kidneys increased to levels of 10(6) to 10(7) colony-forming units in 3 days, and these levels remained up to 2 weeks after the inoculation. The organisms gradually disappeared thereafter, and spontaneous recovery took place. The organisms could be recovered from the kidneys of 95% of the mice, and the gross lesions in the kidneys were observed in 77% of the mice 1 week after inoculation. The method developed here is simple and may be useful in the study of urinary tract infections due to P. aeruginosa and other species of bacteria.20 (+info)The effect of specimen processing delay on borate urine preservation. (7/581)
AIM: To investigate the effect on urine culture results and their clinical interpretation of delaying the processing of urine samples in which boric acid had been used as a preservative. METHODS: 792 mid-stream specimens of urine from patients attending their general practitioner were received in borate containing plastic jars. The specimens were cultured upon receipt, stored at room temperature, and then recultured the following morning. RESULTS: After overnight delayed culture, the results were altered in 16% of samples and the clinical interpretation of these findings differed in 8% of specimens. In 28 samples (3.5%) the bacterium isolated on initial culture was not the same as that obtained by culture after overnight storage. CONCLUSIONS: Boric acid urine preservation used for overnight delayed processing of samples is associated with a significant alteration in culture results and the attendant clinical interpretation of such specimens. Rapid transportation/processing of urine specimens must remain the optimum procedure. (+info)Evaluation of the leukocyte esterase and nitrite urine dipstick screening tests for detection of bacteriuria in women with suspected uncomplicated urinary tract infections. (8/581)
A positive dipstick urinalysis (i.e., leukocyte esterase test and/or nitrite test) did not reliably detect significant bacteriuria in 479 ambulatory women with suspected uncomplicated urinary tract infection; 18.9% of the urine samples that demonstrated significant bacteriuria would have been rejected by the laboratory based on a negative urinalysis screen. (+info)Bacteriuria is a medical term that refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine. The condition can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and it can occur in various populations, including hospitalized patients, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying urologic abnormalities.
There are different types of bacteriuria, including:
1. Significant bacteriuria: This refers to the presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine (usually greater than 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter or CFU/mL) and is often associated with urinary tract infection (UTI).
2. Contaminant bacteriuria: This occurs when bacteria from the skin or external environment enter the urine sample during collection, leading to a small number of bacteria present in the urine.
3. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: This refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms of UTI. It is more common in older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with diabetes or other underlying medical conditions.
The diagnosis of bacteriuria typically involves a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the type and quantity of bacteria present in the urine. Treatment depends on the type and severity of bacteriuria and may involve antibiotics to eliminate the infection. However, asymptomatic bacteriuria often does not require treatment unless it occurs in pregnant women or individuals undergoing urologic procedures.
Pyuria is a medical term that refers to the presence of pus or purulent exudate (containing white blood cells) in the urine. It's typically indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI), inflammation, or other conditions that cause an elevated number of leukocytes in the urine. The pus may come from the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. Other possible causes include sexually transmitted infections, kidney stones, trauma, or medical procedures involving the urinary tract. A healthcare professional will usually confirm pyuria through a urinalysis and might recommend further testing to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are defined as the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, typically bacteria, in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, resulting in infection and inflammation. The majority of UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, but other organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus can also cause UTIs.
UTIs can be classified into two types based on the location of the infection:
1. Lower UTI or bladder infection (cystitis): This type of UTI affects the bladder and urethra. Symptoms may include a frequent and urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back.
2. Upper UTI or kidney infection (pyelonephritis): This type of UTI affects the kidneys and can be more severe than a bladder infection. Symptoms may include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the flanks or back.
UTIs are more common in women than men due to their shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Other risk factors for UTIs include sexual activity, use of diaphragms or spermicides, urinary catheterization, diabetes, and weakened immune systems.
UTIs are typically diagnosed through a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the causative organism and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be necessary to evaluate for any underlying abnormalities in the urinary tract.
Asymptomatic infections are those in which an individual carries and may transmit a pathogen, such as a virus or bacteria, but does not develop any symptoms associated with the infection. These individuals are often referred to as being "asymptomatically infected" or "asymptomatic carriers."
Asymptomatic infections can occur with various infectious diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, hepatitis B, and some sexually transmitted infections. In many cases, asymptomatic individuals may not realize they are infected and unknowingly transmit the pathogen to others. This makes identifying and controlling asymptomatic infections crucial for preventing outbreaks and limiting the spread of infectious diseases.
It's important to note that while asymptomatic individuals do not experience symptoms, they can still develop immunity to the infection, similar to those who experienced symptoms. Additionally, some asymptomatic infections may progress to symptomatic illness over time or upon subsequent exposures to the pathogen.
Urine is a physiological excretory product that is primarily composed of water, urea, and various ions (such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and others) that are the byproducts of protein metabolism. It also contains small amounts of other substances like uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, and various organic compounds. Urine is produced by the kidneys through a process called urination or micturition, where it is filtered from the blood and then stored in the bladder until it is excreted from the body through the urethra. The color, volume, and composition of urine can provide important diagnostic information about various medical conditions.
Urinary catheterization is a medical procedure in which a flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. This may be done to manage urinary retention, monitor urine output, or obtain a urine sample for laboratory testing. It can be performed as a clean, intermittent catheterization, or with an indwelling catheter (also known as Foley catheter) that remains in place for a longer period of time. The procedure should be performed using sterile technique to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection.
Reagent strips, also known as diagnostic or test strips, are narrow pieces of plastic material that have been impregnated with chemical reagents. They are used in the qualitative or semi-quantitative detection of various substances, such as glucose, proteins, ketones, blood, and white blood cells, in body fluids like urine or blood.
Reagent strips typically contain multiple pad areas, each with a different reagent that reacts to a specific substance. To perform the test, a small amount of the fluid is applied to the strip, and the reaction between the reagents and the target substance produces a visible color change. The resulting color can then be compared to a standardized color chart to determine the concentration or presence of the substance.
Reagent strips are widely used in point-of-care testing, providing quick and convenient results for healthcare professionals and patients alike. They are commonly used for monitoring conditions such as diabetes (urine or blood glucose levels), urinary tract infections (leukocytes and nitrites), and kidney function (protein and blood).
Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that involves the renal pelvis and the kidney parenchyma. It's typically caused by bacterial invasion, often via the ascending route from the lower urinary tract. The most common causative agent is Escherichia coli (E. coli), but other bacteria such as Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas can also be responsible.
Acute pyelonephritis can lead to symptoms like fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. If left untreated, it can potentially cause permanent kidney damage, sepsis, or other complications. Chronic pyelonephritis, on the other hand, is usually associated with underlying structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, urinalysis, and imaging studies, while treatment often consists of antibiotics tailored to the identified pathogen and the patient's overall health status.
Urinalysis is a medical examination and analysis of urine. It's used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and liver problems. A urinalysis can also help monitor medications and drug compliance. The test typically involves checking the color, clarity, and specific gravity (concentration) of urine. It may also include chemical analysis to detect substances like glucose, protein, blood, and white blood cells, which could indicate various medical conditions. In some cases, a microscopic examination is performed to identify any abnormal cells, casts, or crystals present in the urine.
Cystitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection can occur when bacteria from the digestive tract or skin enter the urinary tract through the urethra and travel up to the bladder. This condition is more common in women than men due to their shorter urethras, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Symptoms of cystitis may include a strong, frequent, or urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back. In some cases, there may be blood in the urine, fever, chills, or nausea and vomiting.
Cystitis can usually be treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Drinking plenty of water to flush out the bacteria and alleviating symptoms with over-the-counter pain medications may also help. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, urinating after sexual activity, and avoiding using douches or perfumes in the genital area.
Bacteriological techniques refer to the various methods and procedures used in the laboratory for the cultivation, identification, and study of bacteria. These techniques are essential in fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and research. Here are some common bacteriological techniques:
1. **Sterilization**: This is a process that eliminates or kills all forms of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Common sterilization methods include autoclaving (using steam under pressure), dry heat (in an oven), chemical sterilants, and radiation.
2. **Aseptic Technique**: This refers to practices used to prevent contamination of sterile materials or environments with microorganisms. It includes the use of sterile equipment, gloves, and lab coats, as well as techniques such as flaming, alcohol swabbing, and using aseptic transfer devices.
3. **Media Preparation**: This involves the preparation of nutrient-rich substances that support bacterial growth. There are various types of media, including solid (agar), liquid (broth), and semi-solid (e.g., stab agar). The choice of medium depends on the type of bacteria being cultured and the purpose of the investigation.
4. **Inoculation**: This is the process of introducing a bacterial culture into a medium. It can be done using a loop, swab, or needle. The inoculum should be taken from a pure culture to avoid contamination.
5. **Incubation**: After inoculation, the bacteria are allowed to grow under controlled conditions of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric composition. This process is called incubation.
6. **Staining and Microscopy**: Bacteria are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Therefore, they need to be stained and observed under a microscope. Gram staining is a common method used to differentiate between two major groups of bacteria based on their cell wall composition.
7. **Biochemical Tests**: These are tests used to identify specific bacterial species based on their biochemical characteristics, such as their ability to ferment certain sugars, produce particular enzymes, or resist certain antibiotics.
8. **Molecular Techniques**: Advanced techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing can provide more precise identification of bacteria. They can also be used for genetic analysis and epidemiological studies.
Remember, handling microorganisms requires careful attention to biosafety procedures to prevent accidental infection or environmental contamination.
Urography is a medical imaging technique used to examine the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It involves the use of a contrast material that is injected into a vein or given orally, which then travels through the bloodstream to the kidneys and gets excreted in the urine. This allows the radiologist to visualize the structures and any abnormalities such as tumors, stones, or blockages. There are different types of urography, including intravenous urography (IVU), CT urography, and retrograde urography.
Anti-infective agents for the urinary tract are medications used to prevent or treat infections caused by microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses) in the urinary system. These agents can be administered locally (for example, via catheter instillation) or systemically (orally or intravenously).
Common classes of anti-infective agents used for urinary tract infections include:
1. Antibiotics: These are the most commonly prescribed class of anti-infectives for urinary tract infections. They target and kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for the infection. Common antibiotics used for this purpose include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin.
2. Antifungals: These medications are used to treat fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs). Common antifungal agents include fluconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin.
3. Antivirals: Although rare, viral UTIs can occur, and antiviral medications may be prescribed to treat them. Examples of antiviral agents used for urinary tract infections include acyclovir and valacyclovir.
It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for any suspected urinary tract infection. Improper use or misuse of anti-infective agents can lead to antibiotic resistance, making future treatments more challenging.
Infectious pregnancy complications refer to infections that occur during pregnancy and can affect the mother, fetus, or both. These infections can lead to serious consequences such as preterm labor, low birth weight, birth defects, stillbirth, or even death. Some common infectious agents that can cause pregnancy complications include:
1. Bacteria: Examples include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
2. Viruses: Examples include cytomegalovirus, rubella, varicella-zoster, and HIV, which can cause congenital anomalies, developmental delays, or transmission of the virus to the fetus.
3. Parasites: Examples include Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe neurological damage in the fetus if transmitted during pregnancy.
4. Fungi: Examples include Candida albicans, which can cause fungal infections in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
Preventive measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding high-risk behaviors can help reduce the risk of infectious pregnancy complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections during pregnancy are also crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections refer to illnesses caused by the bacterium E. coli, which can cause a range of symptoms depending on the specific strain and site of infection. The majority of E. coli strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. However, some strains, particularly those that produce Shiga toxins, can cause severe illness.
E. coli infections can occur through various routes, including contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact, or direct contact with animals or their environments. Common symptoms of E. coli infections include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur, which may lead to kidney failure and other long-term health problems.
Preventing E. coli infections involves practicing good hygiene, cooking meats thoroughly, avoiding cross-contamination of food during preparation, washing fruits and vegetables before eating, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and juices. Prompt medical attention is necessary if symptoms of an E. coli infection are suspected to prevent potential complications.
Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial medication used to treat urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria. According to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) of the National Library of Medicine, its medical definition is: "Antibacterial agent with nitrofuran ring and furazan moiety. It is used to treat urinary tract infections and is also used for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections."
Nitrofurantoin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis, leading to bacterial death. It is typically administered orally and is available under various brand names, such as Macrobid® and Furadantin®. The medication is generally well-tolerated; however, potential side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain), headaches, dizziness, and pulmonary reactions. Rare but severe adverse events include peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity.
It is essential to note that nitrofurantoin's effectiveness depends on the susceptibility of the infecting bacteria, and resistance has been reported in some cases. Therefore, it is crucial to consider local resistance patterns when prescribing this antibiotic.
'Proteus' doesn't have a specific medical definition itself, but it is related to a syndrome in medicine. Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the overgrowth of various tissues and organs in the body. The name "Proteus" comes from the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form at will, reflecting the diverse and ever-changing nature of this condition's symptoms.
People with Proteus syndrome experience asymmetric overgrowth of bones, skin, and other tissues, leading to abnormalities in body shape and function. The disorder can also affect blood vessels, causing benign tumors called hamartomas to develop. Additionally, individuals with Proteus syndrome are at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
The genetic mutation responsible for Proteus syndrome is found in the AKT1 gene, which plays a crucial role in cell growth and division. This disorder is typically not inherited but instead arises spontaneously as a new mutation in the affected individual. Early diagnosis and management of Proteus syndrome can help improve patients' quality of life and reduce complications associated with the condition.
Proteus mirabilis is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and water. In humans, P. mirabilis can be part of the normal gut flora but can also cause opportunistic infections, particularly in the urinary tract. It is known for its ability to produce urease, which can lead to the formation of urinary stones and blockages.
P. mirabilis infections are often associated with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or urinary catheterization. Symptoms of a P. mirabilis infection may include fever, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and pain or burning during urination. Treatment typically involves antibiotics that are effective against Gram-negative bacteria, although resistance to certain antibiotics is not uncommon in P. mirabilis isolates.
Sulfamethizole is an antibacterial drug, specifically a sulfonamide. It is defined as a synthetic antibacterial agent that is chemically related to sulfanilamide and is used to treat various infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Sulfamethizole works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria through interfering with the synthesis of bacterial folic acid.
Here's a brief medical definition:
Sulfamethizole (sul-fa-meth-i-zole): A synthetic antibacterial agent, chemically related to sulfanilamide, used to treat various infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It functions as a folic acid antagonist, preventing bacterial growth by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial folic acid.
Please note that this definition is intended to be concise and informative for educational purposes. For more detailed information or medical advice, consult a healthcare professional.
Proteus infections are caused by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis or other Proteus species. These bacteria are gram-negative, opportunistic pathogens that can cause various types of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, and bacteremia (bloodstream infections). Proteus infections are often associated with complicated UTIs, catheter-associated UTIs, and healthcare-associated infections. They can be difficult to treat due to their ability to produce enzymes that inactivate certain antibiotics and form biofilms.
Proteus infections can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, and discomfort in the affected area. In UTIs, patients may experience symptoms like burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. Wound infections caused by Proteus can lead to delayed healing, increased pain, and pus formation. Bacteremia can cause sepsis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Treatment for Proteus infections typically involves antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or carbapenems. The choice of antibiotic depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health status and any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected devices like catheters.
A "false negative" reaction in medical testing refers to a situation where a diagnostic test incorrectly indicates the absence of a specific condition or disease, when in fact it is present. This can occur due to various reasons such as issues with the sensitivity of the test, improper sample collection, or specimen handling and storage.
False negative results can have serious consequences, as they may lead to delayed treatment, misdiagnosis, or a false sense of security for the patient. Therefore, it is essential to interpret medical test results in conjunction with other clinical findings, patient history, and physical examination. In some cases, repeating the test or using a different diagnostic method may be necessary to confirm the initial result.
"Providencia" is a term that refers to a type of bacteria that can cause infections in humans. The scientific name for this bacterium is "Providencia stuartii." It is part of the Enterobacteriaceae family and is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals.
Providencia stuartii can cause a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, wound infections, and bloodstream infections. It is often resistant to many antibiotics, which can make it difficult to treat. People who are hospitalized, have weakened immune systems, or use catheters are at increased risk for Providencia infections.
It's important to note that while "Providencia" refers to a specific type of bacteria, the term is not typically used in medical diagnoses or treatment. Instead, healthcare providers would specify the type of infection and the name of the bacterium causing it.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hebrides" is not a medical term. It refers to an archipelago off the west coast of Scotland, consisting of two main groups of islands: the Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides. The islands are known for their stunning landscapes, rich history, and unique Gaelic culture. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help!
Firefly luciferin is not a medical term, but a biological term used to describe a compound involved in bioluminescence, specifically in fireflies.
Luciferin is a molecule that can produce light when it reacts with oxygen in the presence of an enzyme called luciferase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a source of energy in cells. In fireflies, this reaction occurs in specialized cells within the lantern organ of the insect, producing the characteristic glowing light.
While not directly related to medical terminology, bioluminescence and its underlying mechanisms have been studied for potential applications in medical research, such as developing sensitive biosensors for detecting various biological molecules or monitoring cellular processes.
A urinary catheter is a flexible tube that is inserted into the bladder to drain urine. It can be made of rubber, plastic, or latex and comes in various sizes and lengths. The catheter can be inserted through the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body from the bladder) and is called a Foley catheter or an indwelling catheter. A straight catheter, on the other hand, is inserted through the urethra and removed after it has drained the urine.
Urinary catheters are used in various medical situations, such as when a person is unable to empty their bladder due to surgery, anesthesia, medication, or conditions that affect bladder function. They may also be used for long-term management of urinary incontinence or to drain the bladder during certain medical procedures.
It's important to note that the use of urinary catheters carries a risk of complications, such as urinary tract infections, bladder spasms, and injury to the urethra or bladder. Therefore, they should only be used when necessary and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.
'Escherichia coli' (E. coli) is a type of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. It is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and one of the most well-studied prokaryotic model organisms in molecular biology.
While most E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial to their hosts, some serotypes can cause various forms of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans and animals. These pathogenic strains possess virulence factors that enable them to colonize and damage host tissues, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.
E. coli is a versatile organism with remarkable genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to various environmental niches. It can be found in water, soil, food, and various man-made environments, making it an essential indicator of fecal contamination and a common cause of foodborne illnesses. The study of E. coli has contributed significantly to our understanding of fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, gene regulation, and protein synthesis.
Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that are part of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are commonly found in the normal microbiota of the mouth, skin, and intestines, but can also cause various types of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common species and can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and wound infections. Other Klebsiella species, such as K. oxytoca, can also cause similar types of infections. These bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat and a significant public health concern.
A "false positive reaction" in medical testing refers to a situation where a diagnostic test incorrectly indicates the presence of a specific condition or disease in an individual who does not actually have it. This occurs when the test results give a positive outcome, while the true health status of the person is negative or free from the condition being tested for.
False positive reactions can be caused by various factors including:
1. Presence of unrelated substances that interfere with the test result (e.g., cross-reactivity between similar molecules).
2. Low specificity of the test, which means it may detect other conditions or irrelevant factors as positive.
3. Contamination during sample collection, storage, or analysis.
4. Human errors in performing or interpreting the test results.
False positive reactions can have significant consequences, such as unnecessary treatments, anxiety, and increased healthcare costs. Therefore, it is essential to confirm any positive test result with additional tests or clinical evaluations before making a definitive diagnosis.
Glycosuria is a medical term that refers to the presence of glucose in the urine. Under normal circumstances, the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. However, when the blood glucose levels become excessively high, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the kidneys may not be able to reabsorb all of the glucose, and some of it will spill over into the urine.
Glycosuria can also occur in other conditions that affect glucose metabolism or renal function, such as impaired kidney function, certain medications, pregnancy, and rare genetic disorders. It is important to note that glycosuria alone does not necessarily indicate diabetes, but it may be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires further evaluation by a healthcare professional.
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux (VUR) is a medical condition that affects the urinary system, specifically the junction where the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) connect with the bladder. In normal physiology, once the bladder fills up with urine and contracts during micturition (urination), the pressure within the bladder should prevent the backflow of urine into the ureters.
However, in VUR, the valve-like mechanism that prevents this backflow does not function properly, allowing urine to flow backward from the bladder into the ureters and potentially even into the kidneys. This reflux can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney damage, and other complications if left untreated. VUR is more commonly diagnosed in children but can also occur in adults.
The urinary tract is a system in the body responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood to produce urine, which then travels down the ureters into the bladder. When the bladder is full, urine is released through the urethra during urination. Any part of this system can become infected or inflamed, leading to conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or kidney stones.
Neurogenic bladder is a term used to describe bladder dysfunction due to neurological damage or disease. The condition can result in problems with bladder storage and emptying, leading to symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, hesitancy, incontinence, and retention.
Neurogenic bladder can occur due to various medical conditions, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, diabetic neuropathy, and stroke. The damage to the nerves that control bladder function can result in overactivity or underactivity of the bladder muscle, leading to urinary symptoms.
Management of neurogenic bladder typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medications, bladder training, catheterization, and surgery in some cases. The specific treatment plan depends on the underlying cause of the condition and the severity of the symptoms.
Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.
Intermittent urethral catheterization (IUC) is a medical procedure that involves the periodic insertion of a sterile, flexible tube (catheter) into the urethra to drain urine from the bladder. This procedure is typically performed when a person has difficulty fully emptying their bladder or when continuous catheterization is not necessary or desired. IUC is often used in individuals with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, urinary retention, or post-operative complications. The frequency of catheterization varies depending on the individual's needs and can range from several times a day to once every few days. It is essential to follow proper aseptic techniques during IUC to minimize the risk of urinary tract infections.
In a medical context, nitrites are typically referred to as organic compounds that contain a functional group with the formula R-N=O, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group. They are commonly used in medicine as vasodilators, which means they widen and relax blood vessels, improving blood flow and lowering blood pressure.
One example of a nitrite used medically is amyl nitrite, which was previously used to treat angina pectoris, a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. However, its use has largely been replaced by other medications due to safety concerns and the availability of more effective treatments.
It's worth noting that inorganic nitrites, such as sodium nitrite, are also used in medicine for various purposes, including as a preservative in food and as a medication to treat cyanide poisoning. However, these compounds have different chemical properties and uses than organic nitrites.
Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is used to treat various bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Cefixime is available as an oral suspension or tablet and is commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections, and skin infections.
The medical definition of Cefixime can be stated as follows:
Cefixime: A semisynthetic antibiotic derived from cephalosporin, which is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase producing strains. Cefixime is administered orally and is often prescribed for respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections, and skin infections. It has a long half-life and high oral bioavailability, making it a convenient option for outpatient treatment.
Common side effects of Cefixime include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache. Serious side effects are rare but may include anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Caution should be exercised when prescribing Cefixime to patients with a history of allergic reactions to cephalosporins or penicillins.
Internal Medicine is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases affecting adults. It encompasses a wide range of medical conditions, including those related to the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematological, endocrine, infectious, and immune systems. Internists, or general internists, are trained to provide comprehensive care for adult patients, managing both simple and complex diseases, and often serving as primary care physicians. They may also subspecialize in various fields such as cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, or infectious disease, among others.
Enterococcus is a genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. They are part of the normal gut microbiota but can also cause a variety of infections, particularly in hospital settings. Enterococci are known for their ability to survive in harsh environments and can be resistant to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat. Some species, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, are more commonly associated with human infections.
In medical terms, an "Enterococcus infection" refers to an infection caused by any species of the Enterococcus genus. These infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the urinary tract, bloodstream, and abdominal cavity. They can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, and pain, depending on the location of the infection. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Enterococcus species, although resistance to multiple antibiotics is a growing concern.
The American Medical Association (AMA) is the largest professional organization of physicians and medical students in the United States. The AMA's mission is to promote the art and science of medicine and the betterment of public health. It aims to achieve this by providing leadership and advocacy for the medical profession, supporting the development and application of scientific and ethical standards in medical practice, and promoting public health.
The AMA develops policies on various medical and healthcare issues, including medical education, patient care, medical research, and reimbursement and payment policies. It also publishes several medical journals, including JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) and the Archives of Internal Medicine. The AMA is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and has a membership of more than 200,000 physicians and medical students.
Enterococcus faecalis is a species of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria that are part of the normal gut microbiota in humans and animals. It is a type of enterococci that can cause a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, particularly in hospitalized patients or those with compromised immune systems.
E. faecalis is known for its ability to survive in a wide range of environments and resist various antibiotics, making it difficult to treat infections caused by this organism. It can also form biofilms, which further increase its resistance to antimicrobial agents and host immune responses. Accurate identification and appropriate treatment of E. faecalis infections are essential to prevent complications and ensure positive patient outcomes.
The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is a measure of the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is calculated by dividing the number of current year citations to the source items published in that journal during the previous two years. For example, if a journal has an Impact Factor of 3 in 2020, that means articles published in 2018 and 2019 were cited 3 times on average in 2020. It is used to gauge the importance or rank of a journal by comparing the times it's articles are cited relative to other journals in the field. However, it has been criticized for various limitations such as being manipulated by editors and not reflecting the quality of individual articles.
Gram-positive bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that turn purple when stained using the Gram stain method. This staining technique is used in microbiology to differentiate between two main types of bacteria based on their cell wall composition.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining process. Some common examples of Gram-positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis.
Gram-positive bacterial infections can range from mild skin infections to severe and life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The symptoms of these infections depend on the type of bacteria involved and the location of the infection in the body. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as penicillin, vancomycin, or clindamycin. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-positive bacteria is a growing concern and can complicate treatment in some cases.
Bacteriuria
Asymptomatic carrier
Lab-on-a-chip
Urinary tract infection
Edward H. Kass
Group B streptococcal infection
Preterm birth
P fimbriae
Arnold Monto
Urine test strip
Hamish Barber
Urinalysis
Urine
Foley catheter
Kerry LaPlante
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
Pyuria
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Bedpan
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Postpartum infections
Medical uses of silver
Rosalind Maskell
Proteus penneri
Urethral syndrome
Streptococcus
Testicular pain
List of MeSH codes (C01)
Abu
Bacteriuria - Wikipedia
Asymptomatic bacteriuria: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: Practice Essentials, Children, Adults
Antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria | Cochrane
RACGP - Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Discovery and Characterization of Human-Urine Utilization by Asymptomatic-Bacteriuria-Causing Streptococcus agalactiae
Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials - microbiological profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in volta...
Renal concentrating ability in 5-year-old girls with covert bacteriuria. | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Prevalence of undiagnosed asymptomatic bacteriuria and associated risk factors during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study at two...
Home screening for bacteriuria in children with spina bifida and clean intermittent catheterization | BMC Infectious Diseases |...
Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria FAQs
Bacteria in urine. Bacteriuria
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: Overview, Children, Adults
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnant Women with and without Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational...
bacteriuria Archives - BEEM - Best Evidence in Emergency Medicine
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among Pregnant Women - Pdf & Doc
UTI Versus Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Long-term Care
OUTCOMES OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN PATIENTS WITH DIABET | 80906
Urinary Tract Infections and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - Vic-SI LTCI
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Archives - BEEM - Best Evidence in Emergency Medicine
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care ...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - Biblioteka UMCS
Overtreatment of Enterococcal Bacteriuria | Infectious Diseases | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network
Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among children living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria
Don't treat a bacteriuria with antibiotics in elderly patients without urinary symptoms. - Choosing Wisely Italia
Salmonella typhi bacteriuria,predispositions and complications-two case reports and review of literature::BioMedSciDirect...
Smelly urine: Causes, other symptoms, treatment, and more
References | CAUTI Guidelines | Guidelines Library | Infection Control | CDC
Prevalence16
- To identify the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly population and to examine associated risk factors, complications and natural history, and whether treatment improves prognosis. (racgp.org.au)
- The objective of this study was to profile uro-pathogens and describe the population-based prevalence, the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, and ascertain the risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Ho Teaching Hospital, in Ghana. (academicjournals.org)
- Background The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy is poorly understood in Egypt-a country with a high birth rate. (bmj.com)
- This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, its clinical and microbiological outcomes in Indian diabetic patients. (jebmh.com)
- Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic of Assosa General Hospital, western Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
- The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV infected children. (edu.ng)
- RESULTS: the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 24.7% among children living with HIV and 8.2% among un-infected children (p value 0.004). (edu.ng)
- Akinsete AM, Ezeaka C. Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among children living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria. (edu.ng)
- Prevalence, sensitivity patterns and factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive pregnant women in Mulago hospital. (mak.ac.ug)
- The high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), which cannot be easily discriminated from an acute infection in this population, is frequently neglected, leading to a vast over-prescription of antibiotics. (endourology.ph)
- The study was conducted with the aim to know the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria and the obstetrical outcome in pregnant women. (ijrcog.org)
- The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 13% and it was common in the age group of 21-25 years, in primigravidas and with period of gestation less than 12 weeks. (ijrcog.org)
- Chandel LR, Kanga A, Thakur K, Mokta KK, Sood A, Chauhan S. Prevalence of Pregnancy Associated Bacteriuria: A study done in a tertiary care Hospital. (ijrcog.org)
- Kasinathan A, Thirumal P. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital. (ijrcog.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria, a form of urinary tract infections that involves isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs referable to urinary infection is common, but the prevalence in population varies widely with age, sex and the presence of genitourinary abnormalities. (academicjournals.org)
- This study therefore aimed at investigating the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among selected students of Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacterial isolates associated with the condition. (academicjournals.org)
Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria3
- No differences were observed between antibiotics versus no treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria for the development of symptomatic UTI, complications or death. (cochrane.org)
- Does antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy reduce the development of pyelonephritis and associated risk of low birthweight and preterm birth? (beem.ca)
- Screening and subsequent treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is justified only before urological procedures with anticipated mucosal bleeding. (choosingwiselyitaly.org)
Urinary tract infe4
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria can lead to urinary tract infections in as many as 20% of pregnant women. (academicjournals.org)
- Significant bacteriuria (SBU) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in patients with spina bifida and neuropathic detrusor sphincter dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
- Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. (scirp.org)
- For women with recurrent urinary tract infections, diabetes, kidney issues or sickle cell disease, doctors should follow high-risk screening recommendations from authorities such as the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC), which, for example, advises screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria once during each trimester of pregnancy in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. (sciencedaily.com)
Symptomatic8
- There is an increased risk of asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy due to physiological changes that occur in a pregnant women which promotes unwanted pathogen growth in the urinary tract. (wikipedia.org)
- Symptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria with the accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection (such as frequent urination, painful urination, fever, back pain, abdominal pain and blood in the urine) and includes pyelonephritis or cystitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Clinicians will often treat symptomatic bacteriuria based on the results of the urine dipstick test while waiting for the culture results. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 3 ] Unlike symptomatic bacteriuria, asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated with antibiotics. (medscape.com)
- I hope that this new stewardship program will improve the understanding of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria in LTC patients, and that all of those involved-staff, patients, and families-will understand when bacteriuria should, and shouldn't, be treated. (medscape.com)
- Pregnancy enhances the progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic bacteriuria which could lead to pyelonephritis and adverse obstetric outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight and higher fetal mortality rates. (mak.ac.ug)
- Pregnancy enhances the progression from Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) to symptomatic bacteruria, which could lead to acute pyelonephritis in 20-50% of cases and to adverse obstetric outcomes such as prematurity, postpartum hypertensive disease, anemia, UTIs, and higher foetal mortality rates, if it is left untreated. (ijhcr.com)
- 28 (11.2%) of 251 asymptomatic and 16 (32.6%) of 49 symptomatic women, which showed that significant bacteriuria rate was higher with symptomatic than asymptomatic women (OR=3.861, 95% CI=1.889-7.893, p =0.0005), but significant bacteriuria rate did not differ with respect to age group of the women ( x 2=1.463, p =0.4811). (who.int)
Pregnancy13
- Bacteriuria in pregnancy also increases the risk of preeclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
- Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy is a common routine in many countries, but controversial. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy can also lead to preterm births and low birth weights. (academicjournals.org)
- No education (p=0.019) and first trimester (p=0.046) of pregnancy were risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria. (academicjournals.org)
- The study reveals that asymptomatic bacteriuria was significantly associated with the first trimester of pregnancy and having no education. (academicjournals.org)
- The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is reported as 2-4% during pregnancy. (projectng.com)
- ASB is a common problem in pregnant women and about 40% of women with untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy develop pyelonephritis, which might lead to low birth weight, preterm, premature rupture of membranes and preterm labour. (researchsquare.com)
- Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common during pregnancy. (mak.ac.ug)
- Bacteriuria in pregnancy. (ijrcog.org)
- Girishbabu RJ, Srikrishna R, Ramesh ST. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. (ijrcog.org)
- Conclusion: As asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with complications in pregnancy, it is therefore imperative that pregnant women be screened for bacteriuria, periodically in every trimester of the gestational period. (ijhcr.com)
- Recommendations on screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy" is published July 9, 2018. (sciencedaily.com)
Bacteria14
- Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine. (wikipedia.org)
- A negative dipstick test does not exclude bacteriuria, as not all bacteria which can colonise the urinary tract are nitrate-reducing. (wikipedia.org)
- If enough bacteria are found in your urine, you have asymptomatic bacteriuria. (medlineplus.gov)
- To make the diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria, the culture must show a large growth of bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is defined as the presence of one or more species of bacteria growing in the urine at specified quantitative counts (≥10 5 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL or ≥10 8 CFU/L), irrespective of the presence of pyuria, in the absence of signs or symptoms attributable to urinary tract infection (UTI). (medscape.com)
- Growth of bacteria in the urine without any complaints (asymptomatic bacteriuria) is commonly detected in women up to 60 years, people with diabetes and in the elderly. (cochrane.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria refers to the presence of bacteria in Urine. (projectng.com)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a condition in which larger than normal numbers of bacteria are present in the urine but symptoms do not result. (msdmanuals.com)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is not normally treated because eradicating the bacteria can be difficult and complications are usually rare. (msdmanuals.com)
- 12,13).At the sometime Antimicrobial resistance in bacteriuria is increasing worldwide and some bacteria are virulent and capable of acquiring multidrug resistance to antimicrobials. (researchsquare.com)
- In elderly people, a bacteriuria is not necessarily harmful, while antibiotics are not obviously beneficial: often, they bring about undesirable effects, such as specific adverse reactions and undue selective pression over the colonizing bacteria (mainy enteric), wiih the development of resistant species. (choosingwiselyitaly.org)
- It is also possible your urine will show asymptomatic bacteriuria which is bacteria not related to a UTI and usually does not require treatment. (familyeducation.com)
- The study concluded that multidrug resistant bacteria can be associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria while the patients may not develop any sign or symptom referable to urinary tract infection. (academicjournals.org)
- First-trimester screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria -- higher than normal bacteria levels without symptoms of a bladder infection -- is recommended by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care in an updated guideline in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. (sciencedaily.com)
Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women1
- Studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women attending antenantal clinic of the General Hospital Ekwulobia was undertaken, hundred urine samples were collected then centrifriged and 1ml of the supernatant was inoculated on the prepared Nutient Agar and Mac Conkey agar then incubated at 37 0 c for 48 hours. (projectng.com)
Screening7
- This study holds implications for clinical providers and policymakers in Egypt regarding screening and prevention of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). (bmj.com)
- 2000) the adverse effects of undiagnosed asymptomatic bacteriuria on mother and child have made researchers to suggest routine culture screening for all pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (Kirlam, 2005) in order to prevent mother and child from any form of complication that may arise due to infection. (projectng.com)
- Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria became standard obstetric care, and most antenatal guidelines today include routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria. (researchsquare.com)
- Even if Standard Treatment Guidelines in Ethiopia recommend screening and treatment of ASB, Unfortunately, screening and treatment of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria never became standard ANC follow-up practice in Ethiopia. (researchsquare.com)
- The reagent strip technique of quantitative urine culture was a satisfactory screening test for the detection of significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. (umn.edu)
- The nitrite test portion of the commercial test did not detect significant bacteriuria in all samples and, therefore, was not suitable as a screening test for significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. (umn.edu)
- Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria. (ijrcog.org)
Catheter-associated bacteriuria5
- An evaluation of the management of asymptomatic catheter-associated bacteriuria and candiduria at The Ottawa Hospital. (jamanetwork.com)
- Catheter-associated bacteriuria is complicated by secondary bacteremia in 0.4% to 4.0% of cases. (aacnjournals.org)
- To identify risk factors for bacteremia associated with catheter-associated bacteriuria. (aacnjournals.org)
- Data on patients with catheter-associated bacteriuria and bacteremia were compared with data on control patients with catheter-associated bacteriuria and no bacteremia, matched for date of admission plus or minus 30 days. (aacnjournals.org)
- Urine and blood cultures positive for the same pathogen within 7 days were used to define catheter-associated bacteriuria and bacteremia. (aacnjournals.org)
Antibiotics5
- Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Lador A, Sauerbrun-Cutler M-T, Leibovici L. Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Nine studies of medium to high quality, enrolling 1614 institutionalised participants or outpatients, assigned to antibiotics or placebo/no treatment for treating asymptomatic bacteriuria for different durations of treatment and follow-up were included in this review. (cochrane.org)
- To assess the effectiveness and safety of antibiotics treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. (cochrane.org)
- Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing antibiotics to placebo or no treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults were included. (cochrane.org)
- Don't treat a bacteriuria with antibiotics in elderly patients without urinary symptoms. (choosingwiselyitaly.org)
Tertiary care hospital1
- Inappropriate treatment of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria in a tertiary care hospital. (jamanetwork.com)
Clinical8
- 10 5 CFU/mL) isolated from urine specimens collected by "in and out" catheterization or following insertion of a new indwelling catheter suggest true bacteriuria, but the clinical significance of these lower quantitative counts in people without symptoms has not been evaluated. (medscape.com)
- There was no clinical benefit from treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in the studies included in this review. (cochrane.org)
- The diagnosis of UTI is made on clinical symptoms, leukocyturia and significant bacteriuria (SBU). (biomedcentral.com)
- Urinalysis doesn't distinguish between a UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and many LTC residents are diagnosed with UTI without assessment of whether sufficient clinical signs and symptoms of infection are present. (medscape.com)
- Saint S. Clinical and economic consequences of nosocomial catheter-related bacteriuria. (cdc.gov)
- Outbreaks of serratia marcescens bacteriuria in a neurosurgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital: A clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory perspective. (cdc.gov)
- Clinical evaluation of commercial reagent strips for detection of significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. (umn.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Clinical evaluation of commercial reagent strips for detection of significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. (umn.edu)
Adults2
- 1. Infectious Disease Society of America Guidelines for the diagnosis and teatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults. (choosingwiselyitaly.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults: the most fragile women are prone to long-term colonization. (endourology.ph)
Overtreatment1
- Nonspecific symptoms and asymptomatic bacteriuria are drivers of overtreatment. (mdpi.com)
Urinalysis1
- 4) had asymptomatic bacteriuria with normal urinalysis. (cdc.gov)
Pregnant6
- There is an association between asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with low birth weight, preterm delivery, cystitis, infection of the newborn and fetus death. (wikipedia.org)
- 46 (13.7%) out of 335 pregnant women had asymptomatic bacteriuria. (academicjournals.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in pregnant women and if untreated could lead to serious complications. (projectng.com)
- Significant bacteriuria was observed in asymptomatic pregnant women. (researchsquare.com)
- Pregnant women are at increased risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria due to mechanical factors, hormonal changes, urinary stasis and reflux of urine from bladder to ureters(3). (researchsquare.com)
- Incidence, aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Nsukka Urban, Enugu State, Nigeria. (ijrcog.org)
Symptoms7
- Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacteriuria without symptoms generally does not require treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacteriuria without symptoms is present in about 3% of otherwise healthy middle aged women. (wikipedia.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteriuria without accompanying symptoms of a urinary tract infection and is commonly caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Testing for bacteriuria is usually performed in people with symptoms of a urinary tract infection. (wikipedia.org)
- If you have these symptoms, you may have a urinary tract infection, but you do not have asymptomatic bacteriuria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is defined as the presence of 10 5 and more colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter(mL) of urine in the absence of specific symptoms of acute UTIs (1,2). (researchsquare.com)
Complications1
- Although asymptomatic bacteriuria could also lead to such complications, this fact is not well known. (projectng.com)
Diagnosis1
- For the diagnosis of ABU in a catheterized urine specimen of both men and women, organisms present in lower quantitative counts likely represent contamination of the urine specimen from organisms present in the biofilm along the device rather than true bacteriuria and, in these patients, ≥10 5 CFU/mL remains the most appropriate diagnostic criteria for bladder bacteriuria. (medscape.com)
Microbiology1
- The microbiology of bacteriuria in men: a 5-year study at a Veterans' Affairs hospital. (jamanetwork.com)
Antenatal1
- The cases found to have asymptomatic bacteriuria were followed till delivery and any adverse antenatal or perinatal outcome was noted. (ijrcog.org)
Patients8
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is commonly detected in women aged up to 60 years, patients with diabetes, and the elderly. (cochrane.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in the elderly, especially among institutionalised or hospitalised patients. (racgp.org.au)
- Bacteriuria is common in functionally impaired elderly patients. (racgp.org.au)
- Rates of asymptomatic bacteriuria in LTC residents are high: 25%-50% in women, 15%-40% in men, and nearly 100% in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. (medscape.com)
- [ 7 ] Elderly patients in LTC can show evidence of cognitive decline unrelated to an infection, and bacteriuria alone is unlikely to be the cause of cognitive decline or mental status changes. (medscape.com)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in diabetic patients, its effects on renal function, microalbuminuria, hypertension are not clearly defined. (jebmh.com)
- Among the 250 diabetic patients, 43 (17.2%) had asymptomatic bacteriuria of which 31 (72.1%) were females and 12 (27.9%) were males. (jebmh.com)
- Urine culture and sensitivity should be done as a routine investigation to screen the patients for asymptomatic bacteriuria and to prevent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. (ijrcog.org)
Urine culture1
- To diagnose asymptomatic bacteriuria, a urine sample must be sent for a urine culture . (medlineplus.gov)
Methods2
- METHODS: this was a case control study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital from July 2010 to June 2011.Eighty-five children living with HIV were consecutively selected from the HIV clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and compared with 85 age and sex matched HIV negative controls for the occurrence of asymptomatic bacteriuria. (edu.ng)
- The organisms were identified by routine methods from the samples which showed significant bacteriuria. (ijhcr.com)
Significant7
- In spina bifida children, leukocyte esterase testing can be used to exclude significant bacteriuria at home, while dip slide tests have no added value to diagnose or exclude significant bacteriuria. (biomedcentral.com)
- The hypothesis was that LET and Uricult® Duo dip slide are as accurate as laboratory cultures in determining significant bacteriuria. (biomedcentral.com)
- The reagent strip technique was found to be of almost equal sensitivity as the calibrated loop technique in identifying significant bacteriuria. (umn.edu)
- Significant bacteriuria was detected in 38 of 148 urine samples evaluated by the calibrated loop technique. (umn.edu)
- Of these 38 urine samples, significant bacteriuria was detected in 35 by the commercial test. (umn.edu)
- False-negative results were obtained with reagent strips in 1 urine sample which had significant bacteriuria by the calibrated loop technique. (umn.edu)
- The presence of significant bacteriuria (105 CFU/ml) was determined on the culture plate using the plate count method. (who.int)
Bladder1
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in certain groups of people, such as those who have bladder catheters inserted for an extended period. (msdmanuals.com)
Significantly associated1
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found significantly associated with the presence of anemia. (ijrcog.org)
Detect1
- Microscopy can also be used to detect bacteriuria. (wikipedia.org)
20171
- Cite this: UTI Versus Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Long-term Care - Medscape - Aug 21, 2017. (medscape.com)
Infection1
- Des prélèvements d'urine ont fait l'objet d'un examen microbi- ologique (examen au microscope et mise en culture) à la recherche d'une infection urinaire, et des tests de sensibilité ont été réalisés avec divers antibiotiques pour les germes isolés. (who.int)
Citation3
- citation needed] The gold standard for detecting bacteriuria is a bacterial culture which identifies the concentration of bacterial cells in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Bacteriuria can usually be detected using a urine dipstick test. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Bacteriuria is assumed if a single bacterial species is isolated in a concentration greater than 100,000 colony forming units per millilitre of urine in clean-catch midstream urine specimens. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial1
- Miniaturization of bacterial culture within dipstick format, Digital Dipstick, allows bacterial detection, identification and quantification for bacteriuria within 10-12 hours at the point-of-care. (wikipedia.org)
Occurs2
- Chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in as many as 50% of the population in long-term care. (wikipedia.org)
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs in a small number of healthy people. (medlineplus.gov)
Common1
- [ 1 ] Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is common. (medscape.com)