Calciphylaxis
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Fatal Outcome
Leg Ulcer
Catastrophic Illness
Calcium Carbonate
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary
Livedo Reticularis
Ulcer
Skin Ulcer
Renal Dialysis
Protein S Deficiency
Calcium use increases risk of calciphylaxis: a case-control study. (1/61)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for the development of calciphylaxis in renal failure, a poorly understood and often fatal condition characterized by calcium deposition in tissues. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. SETTING: University hospital peritoneal dialysis center. PATIENTS: Eight continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with calciphylaxis were identified in a 3-year period. We matched up to five controls for dialysis modality and length of time on dialysis with each case. STATISTICS: Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis for matched case-controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laboratory data and demographics were collected as well as cumulative calcium and vitamin D ingestion over the year prior to disease onset. RESULTS: All the patients were female, versus only 38% (14/37) of controls (p < 0.0001). While not statistically significant, a majority of the patients were diabetic [62.5% (5/8) vs 32% (12/37)]. Peak and average levels of serum calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product, parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin were not significantly different in cases compared with controls. The use of calcitriol alone or with calcium carbonate was not found to be a significant risk factor for the development of calciphylaxis. In a multivariate analysis, iron intake seemed to be protective, contrary to previous reports, while the use of calcium carbonate was associated with a strong trend to increased risk of calciphylaxis development (odds ratio = 1.029/g and 1.011/g calcium ingested per month, at 1 and 2 - 3 months prior to calciphylaxis development; p = 0.0556 and 0.0565, respectively). CONCLUSION: These data, although limited by the small numbers of index cases, suggest that calcium ingestion is a risk factor for calciphylaxis. The increased use of calcium salts as a phosphate binder in recent years might explain the apparent increased incidence of calciphylaxis in our and other centers. The preponderance of female diabetics among cases reported elsewhere was confirmed in our study. (+info)Cutaneous calciphylaxis. An underrecognized clinicopathologic entity. (2/61)
Calciphylaxis (CPX), an uncommon syndrome characterized, in part, by progressive cutaneous vascular calcification, is seen principally in the setting of renal failure-associated hyperparathyroidism and is difficult to distinguish histologically from other microvasculopathies. We assessed histologic specimens from 13 cases of clinicopathologically classic CPX of the skin and reviewed documented histologic findings in the literature. Our series included 7 "early" and 6 "late" lesions (absence or presence of tissue necrosis, respectively). Histologically, early lesions were subtle and almost inapparent microscopically. Late lesions were easier to recognize because of obvious epidermal ulceration, dermal necrosis, and easily seen mural vascular calcification. The most common finding in both groups was acute and chronic calcifying septal panniculitis. Endovascular fibroblastic proliferation was more common in advanced lesions. Necrosis of dermal collagen was identified in only a few early lesions. Frank luminal vascular thrombosis was infrequent in both groups. The cited histologic findings largely were mirrored by those in the literature. Although they are relatively nonspecific when considered in isolation, the cited histopathologic features of cutaneous CPX allow for the diagnosis of this potentially lethal disorder when they are seen in combination with one another, particularly if detailed clinical data also are available. (+info)Risk factors and mortality associated with calciphylaxis in end-stage renal disease. (3/61)
BACKGROUND: We conducted a case control study to determine risk factors and mortality associated with calciphylaxis in end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Cases of calciphylaxis diagnosed between December 1989 and January 2000 were identified. Three controls were identified for each hemodialysis patient, with calciphylaxis matched to the date of initiation of hemodialysis. Laboratory data and medication doses were recorded during the 12 months prior to the date of diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for calciphylaxis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of death associated with calciphylaxis. RESULTS: Nineteen cases and 54 controls were identified. Eighteen patients were hemodialysis patients, and one had a functioning renal allograft. Diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy in 16 cases. Women were at a sixfold higher risk of developing calciphylaxis (OR = 6.04, 95% CI 1.62 to 22.6, P = 0.007). There was a 21% lower risk of calciphylaxis associated with each 0.1 g/dL increase in the mean serum albumin during the year prior to diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis of calciphylaxis (OR = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.99, P = 0.037, and OR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.96, P = 0.019, respectively). There was a 3.51-fold increase in the risk of calciphylaxis associated with each mg/dL increase in the mean serum phosphate during the year prior to diagnosis (95% CI, 0.99 to 12.5, P = 0.052). At the time of diagnosis of calciphylaxis, for each 10 IU/L increment in alkaline phosphatase, the risk of calciphylaxis increased by 19% (OR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.40, P = 0.045). Body mass index, diabetes, blood pressure, aluminum, and higher dosage of erythropoietin and iron dextran were not independent predictors of calciphylaxis. Calciphylaxis independently increased the risk of death by eightfold (OR = 8.58, 95% CI, 3.26 to 22.6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female gender, hyperphosphatemia, high alkaline phosphatase, and low serum albumin are risk factors for calciphylaxis. Calciphylaxis is associated with a very high mortality. (+info)Calciphylaxis. (4/61)
The phenomenon of calciphylaxis is rare, but potentially fatal. It has been recognised for a long time in patients with chronic renal failure with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Disturbed calcium and phosphate metabolism can result in painful necrosis of skin, subcutaneous tissue and acral gangrene. Appearance of the lesions is distinctive but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. The beneficial effects of parathyroidectomy are controversial. However, correction of hyperphosphataemia or occasionally hypercalcaemia is imperative. Fulminant sepsis as a consequence of secondary infection of necrotic and gangrenous tissue is a frequent cause of patient morbidity and mortality. (+info)Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of calciphylaxis: a case series. (5/61)
BACKGROUND: Calciphylaxis, also referred to as calcific uraemic arteriolopathy, is a syndrome associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and causes necrotic skin ulcers, often leading to a fatal outcome. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO(2)) therapy has been used to enhance wound healing, but its role in the treatment of calciphylaxis is unclear. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective study of patients on renal replacement therapy with biopsy-proven calciphylaxis who were treated with HBO(2) between March 1997 and February 2000. RESULTS: Five patients were treated with HBO(2): three patients were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and two were on chronic haemodialysis therapy. None of the patients had uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism and none underwent parathyroidectomy. The patients each received 25-35 treatments of HBO(2) at 2.5 atmospheres for 90 min per treatment. Two of these patients had complete resolution of extensive necrotic skin ulcers, with no adverse effects of HBO(2) therapy. Both had improvement in wound area transcutaneous oxygen pressure (P(tc)O(2)) with administration of 100% oxygen when measurements were taken at normobaric and hyperbaric pressures. In the other three patients receiving HBO(2), the skin lesions did not resolve. P(tc)O(2) was measured in two of these patients, neither of whom showed improvement with 100% oxygen administered at normobaric pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The data support a role for HBO(2) in the treatment of some patients with calciphylaxis, particularly as in the absence of uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism there are few therapeutic options. (+info)Healing of skin necrosis and regression of anticardiolipin antibodies achieved by parathyroidectomy in a dialyzed woman with calcific uremic arteriolopathy. (6/61)
AIM: To present the impact of parathyroidectomy on the spontaneous healing of necrotic lesions of the skin of the lower leg and on anticardiolipin antibodies regression in a 68-year-old female dialyzed patient with hyperparathyroidism and calcific-uremic arteriolopathy (CUA). METHODS: After the occurrence of initial lesions of the lower leg skin, the intact parathyroid (iPTH) level, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) product were measured, and on two occasions at 6-week intervals, the titer of anticardiolipin antibodies was determined, followed by a clinical monitoring of the progress of necrotic skin lesions. Two months after the occurrence of the skin lesions, the patient's right leg was amputated below the knee due to gangrene, and a histopathological analysis of the skin tissue sample of the amputated lower leg was made. After parathyroidectomy, iPTH, Ca x P product were measured, and on two occasions at 6 weeks' intervals, anticardiolipin antibodies titer was determined, followed by a clinical monitoring of lesions of the left lower leg skin. RESULTS: Before parathyroidectomy, iPTH level and Ca x P product were increased, as well as IgG anticardiolipin antibody titer measured on two occasions 6 weeks apart. The histopathological analysis of the skin tissue sample of the amputated right lower leg showed mural calcification of artery walls and thrombotic occlusions of small arteries, arterioles, and dermal capillaries, in addition to epidermolysis. A week after parathyroidectomy, iPTH level and Ca x P product were within normal range. Two measurements 6 weeks apart revealed no anticardiolipin antibodies. Eight weeks after parathyroidectomy, spontaneous healing of necrotic skin lesions of the left lower leg was observed. CONCLUSION: Regression of anticardiolipin antibodies, normalization of Ca x P product, and healing of the skin lesions after parathyroidectomy all pointed to the elevated PTH level as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of CUA. (+info)Calciphylaxis in a patient with end-stage renal disease secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus associated with acral gangrene and mesenteric ischemia. (7/61)
A patient with end stage renal disease secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ultimately required amputation of the four extremities and developed mesenteric ischemia. The patient presented with widespread medial calcification involving various small to medium sized arteries, although no noticeable secondary hyperparathyroidism was observed. We speculated that SLE associated with systemic vasculitis and uremic milieu over a number of years may represent the perfect preexisting condition for calcific arteriolopathy to occur following which several factors including chronic administration of corticosteroids, photosensitivity in lupus, and significant weight loss may have contributed to acral gangrene and mesenteric ischemia. (+info)Calciphylaxis is usually non-ulcerating: risk factors, outcome and therapy. (8/61)
BACKGROUND: Calciphylaxis, historically considered rare, seems to be increasing in frequency. In our single center, 36 new cases have accumulated in seven years. The majority of these cases were non-ulcerating, which we believe to be early disease, in contradistinction to the vast majority of published cases that presented with ulcers. METHODS: Prospective data were collected on all patients with calciphylaxis. As well, a case control study, with two controls per patient, was performed on patients presenting with non-ulcerating plaques. RESULTS: The incidence of calciphylaxis in dialysis patients increased with a rate of 4.5/100 patient-years in the past three years. Eighty percent of cases presented with non-ulcerating subcutaneous plaques in the calves, easily confused with cellulitis. In those patients presenting with plaques only, the mortality rate was 33% at six months. Once ulceration develops, the mortality rate increased to above 80%. Bone scan was positive in 97% of patients. Steroid therapy appeared to be beneficial in some patients. Peritoneal dialysis, female sex and diabetes were risk factors. In the case control study of patients presenting with plaques only, serum phosphate (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.45, P = 0.038) and Ca x P product (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02 to 20, P = 0.038) predicted the disease, as did being on calcium salts + vitamin D (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.14 to 14.5, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Calciphylaxis is no longer rare. It is usually nonulcerating and can be diagnosed clinically in all patients. These patients have a high mortality, especially once ulceration occurs. Calcium salts plus vitamin D, as well as serum Ca x P product and high serum P increase the chance of the diseases. Therefore, the disease may be preventable. Steroids may be of benefit to some patients. (+info)Calciphylaxis is a rare but serious medical condition characterized by the formation of calcium deposits in small blood vessels and surrounding tissues, particularly in the skin and fatty tissue beneath the skin. This can lead to tissue death (necrosis) and ulceration, often resulting in severe pain, infection, and other complications.
Calciphylaxis is most commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure, although it has also been reported in patients with normal kidney function. Other risk factors include obesity, female gender, diabetes, and use of warfarin or corticosteroids.
The exact cause of calciphylaxis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors such as abnormal mineral metabolism, inflammation, and vascular injury. Treatment typically involves addressing any underlying medical conditions, wound care, and sometimes surgical debridement or skin grafting. In some cases, medications such as sodium thiosulfate or bisphosphonates may be used to help dissolve the calcium deposits and improve symptoms.
Penile diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the penis, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and structural abnormalities. Some common penile diseases include:
1. Balanitis: an infection or inflammation of the foreskin and/or head of the penis.
2. Balanoposthitis: an infection or inflammation of both the foreskin and the head of the penis.
3. Phimosis: a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis.
4. Paraphimosis: a medical emergency in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the head of the penis and cannot be returned to its normal position.
5. Peyronie's disease: a condition characterized by the development of scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curvature during erections.
6. Erectile dysfunction: the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
7. Penile cancer: a rare form of cancer that affects the skin and tissues of the penis.
These conditions can have various causes, including bacterial or fungal infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), skin conditions, trauma, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment for penile diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity, but may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Thiosulfates are salts or esters of thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3). In medicine, sodium thiosulfate is used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and as a topical treatment for wounds, skin irritations, and certain types of burns. It works by converting toxic substances into less harmful forms that can be eliminated from the body. Sodium thiosulfate is also used in some solutions for irrigation of the bladder or kidneys to help prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones.
Gangrene is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a loss of blood flow to a specific area of the body, resulting in tissue death. It can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, trauma, diabetes, vascular diseases, and smoking. The affected tissues may become discolored, swollen, and emit a foul odor due to the accumulation of bacteria and toxins.
Gangrene can be classified into two main types: dry gangrene and wet (or moist) gangrene. Dry gangrene develops slowly and is often associated with peripheral arterial disease, which reduces blood flow to the extremities. The affected area turns black and shriveled as it dries out. Wet gangrene, on the other hand, progresses rapidly due to bacterial infections that cause tissue breakdown and pus formation. This type of gangrene can spread quickly throughout the body, leading to severe complications such as sepsis and organ failure if left untreated.
Treatment for gangrene typically involves surgical removal of the dead tissue (debridement), antibiotics to control infections, and sometimes revascularization procedures to restore blood flow to the affected area. In severe cases where the infection has spread or the damage is irreversible, amputation of the affected limb may be necessary to prevent further complications and save the patient's life.
Chronic kidney failure, also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a permanent loss of kidney function that occurs gradually over a period of months to years. It is defined as a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 ml/min, which means the kidneys are filtering waste and excess fluids at less than 15% of their normal capacity.
CKD can be caused by various underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and recurrent kidney infections. Over time, the damage to the kidneys can lead to a buildup of waste products and fluids in the body, which can cause a range of symptoms including fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and confusion.
Treatment for chronic kidney failure typically involves managing the underlying condition, making lifestyle changes such as following a healthy diet, and receiving supportive care such as dialysis or a kidney transplant to replace lost kidney function.
A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.
A leg ulcer is a chronic wound that occurs on the lower extremities, typically on the inner or outer ankle. It's often caused by poor circulation, venous insufficiency, or diabetes. Leg ulcers can also result from injury, infection, or inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. These ulcers can be painful, and they may take a long time to heal, making them prone to infection. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and wound care are essential for healing leg ulcers and preventing complications.
Parathyroidectomy is a surgical procedure for the removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands. These glands are located in the neck and are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body.
Parathyroidectomy is typically performed to treat conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, where one or more of the parathyroid glands become overactive and produce too much PTH. This can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, bone pain, kidney stones, and mental confusion.
There are different types of parathyroidectomy procedures, including:
* Partial parathyroidectomy: removal of one or more, but not all, of the parathyroid glands.
* Total parathyroidectomy: removal of all four parathyroid glands.
* Subtotal parathyroidectomy: removal of three and a half of the four parathyroid glands, leaving a small portion of one gland to prevent hypoparathyroidism (a condition where the body produces too little PTH).
The choice of procedure depends on the underlying condition and its severity. After the surgery, patients may need to have their calcium levels monitored and may require calcium and vitamin D supplements to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.
A catastrophic illness is a severe and acute or chronic illness or condition that requires complex or long-term care, often involving extensive medical resources and significant financial costs. These illnesses often cause major disruptions to the lives of patients and their families, both in terms of their daily activities and their emotional well-being.
Examples of catastrophic illnesses include advanced stages of cancer, end-stage renal disease, stroke, heart failure, and certain neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These conditions often require ongoing medical treatment, hospitalization, surgery, and/or the use of specialized medical equipment, which can result in substantial financial burdens for patients and their families.
In some cases, insurance policies may provide coverage for catastrophic illnesses, but the specific benefits and limitations of such coverage can vary widely depending on the policy and the insurer. Some government programs, such as Medicaid and Medicare, may also offer financial assistance for patients with catastrophic illnesses, although eligibility criteria and benefit levels may also vary.
Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. It is a common substance found in rocks and in the shells of many marine animals. As a mineral, it is known as calcite or aragonite.
In the medical field, calcium carbonate is often used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency. It is also commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and relieve symptoms of heartburn, acid reflux, and indigestion.
Calcium carbonate works by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form water, carbon dioxide, and calcium chloride. This reaction helps to raise the pH level in the stomach and neutralize excess acid.
It is important to note that excessive use of calcium carbonate can lead to hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, confusion, and muscle weakness. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands due to hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium in the blood). This condition is usually a result of chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys fail to convert vitamin D into its active form, leading to decreased absorption of calcium in the intestines. The body responds by increasing PTH production to maintain normal calcium levels, but over time, this results in high PTH levels and associated complications such as bone disease, kidney stones, and cardiovascular calcification.
Livedo reticularis is a cutaneous manifestation characterized by a bluish-purple, netlike pattern of discoloration on the skin. It is caused by the abnormal dilation and constriction of blood vessels near the skin's surface, leading to impaired circulation in the affected areas.
The condition can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary to various underlying disorders such as autoimmune diseases, vasculitis, hematologic disorders, infections, or medications that affect the blood vessels. In some cases, livedo reticularis may be a sign of an underlying medical condition requiring further evaluation and treatment.
It is essential to differentiate livedo reticularis from other related conditions like livedo racemosa, which presents with more irregular and diffuse patterns, and is typically associated with vasculitis or severe systemic disorders. Additionally, livedo reticularis should not be confused with cutis marmorata, a physiological response to cold temperatures that resolves upon warming the affected area.
A medical definition of an ulcer is:
A lesion on the skin or mucous membrane characterized by disintegration of surface epithelium, inflammation, and is associated with the loss of substance below the normal lining. Gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers are types of peptic ulcers that occur in the gastrointestinal tract.
Another type of ulcer is a venous ulcer, which occurs when there is reduced blood flow from vein insufficiency, usually in the lower leg. This can cause skin damage and lead to an open sore or ulcer.
There are other types of ulcers as well, including decubitus ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bedsores), which are caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.
A skin ulcer is a defined as a loss of continuity or disruption of the skin surface, often accompanied by inflammation and/or infection. These lesions can result from various causes including pressure, venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, and chronic dermatological conditions. Skin ulcers are typically characterized by their appearance, depth, location, and underlying cause. Common types of skin ulcers include pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores), venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. Proper evaluation, wound care, management of underlying conditions, and prevention strategies are crucial in the treatment of skin ulcers to promote healing and prevent complications.
Renal dialysis is a medical procedure that is used to artificially remove waste products, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. This process is also known as hemodialysis.
During renal dialysis, the patient's blood is circulated through a special machine called a dialyzer or an artificial kidney, which contains a semi-permeable membrane that filters out waste products and excess fluids from the blood. The cleaned blood is then returned to the patient's body.
Renal dialysis is typically recommended for patients with advanced kidney disease or kidney failure, such as those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is a life-sustaining treatment that helps to maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body, prevent the buildup of waste products and toxins, and control blood pressure.
There are two main types of renal dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is the most common type and involves using a dialyzer to filter the blood outside the body. Peritoneal dialysis, on the other hand, involves placing a catheter in the abdomen and using the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) as a natural filter to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body.
Overall, renal dialysis is an essential treatment option for patients with kidney failure, helping them to maintain their quality of life and prolong their survival.
Protein S deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to coagulate blood properly. Protein S is a naturally occurring protein in the blood that helps regulate the clotting process by deactivating clotting factors when they are no longer needed. When Protein S levels are too low, it can lead to an increased risk of abnormal blood clots forming within blood vessels, a condition known as thrombophilia.
There are three types of Protein S deficiency: Type I (quantitative deficiency), Type II (qualitative deficiency), and Type III (dysfunctional protein). These types refer to the amount or function of Protein S in the blood. In Type I, there is a decrease in both free and total Protein S levels. In Type II, there is a decrease in functional Protein S despite normal total Protein S levels. In Type III, there is a decrease in free Protein S with normal total Protein S levels.
Protein S deficiency can be inherited or acquired. Inherited forms of the disorder are caused by genetic mutations and are usually present from birth. Acquired forms of Protein S deficiency can develop later in life due to certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or the use of certain medications that affect blood clotting.
Symptoms of Protein S deficiency may include recurrent blood clots, usually in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism), skin discoloration, pain, and swelling in the affected area. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as chronic leg ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, or damage to the heart or lungs.
Diagnosis of Protein S deficiency typically involves blood tests to measure Protein S levels and function. Treatment may include anticoagulant medications to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can also help reduce the risk of blood clots in people with Protein S deficiency.
Calciphylaxis
Sodium thiosulfate (medical use)
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Cryofibrinogenemia
Chronic kidney disease
Deaths in October 2022
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
Sodium thiosulfate
Venous ulcer
Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
Vitamin and mineral management for dialysis
Coronary artery disease
Àngel Casas
List of diseases (C)
List of skin conditions
Parathyroidectomy
Calcification
List of MeSH codes (C18)
CUA
Calciphylaxis - Wikipedia
Calciphylaxis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Orphanet: Visceral calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis pathology | DermNet
Calciphylaxis Care at Tufts Medical Center
Lexi Reed 'Terrified' Calciphylaxis Will Return While in Remission: 'I Refuse to Let That Fear Control Me'
Calciphylaxis Can Occur in Patients With a Functioning Kidney Graft - Renal and Urology News
Causes and Management of Atypical Wounds: Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Calciphylaxis, and Sickle Cell Ulcers
Coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis
Calciphylaxis - Diagnosis and Management | Vascular Calcification
Calciphylaxis of the penis and distal digits: a case report<...
P-123 Calciphylaxis and the challenges of advance care planning in end stage renal disease | BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care
Calciphylaxis of the penis and distal digits: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text
Calciphylaxis - DoveMed
Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Embryology, Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Calciphylaxis | www.Parathyroid.pro
Vascular ossification - calcification in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and...
View of Severe Calciphylaxis Secondary to end Stage Renal Failure: A Case Report
Sanifit Announces Initiation of First Clinical Trial of SNF472 in Patients with Calciphylaxis - Sanifit
A case of severe calciphylaxis seen on three-phase bone scan<...
Blueprint for a European calciphylaxis registry initiative: The European calciphylaxis Network (EuCalNet)<...
Duke Event Calendar
Calciphylaxis in a patient affected by rheumatoid arthritis, chronic renal failure, and hyperparathyroidism: a case report. -...
Case report: Penile necrosis associated to paraphimosis with calciphylaxis due to terminal chronic kidney disease [version 1;...
Common Histological Features Suggesting Enchondral Ossification Pathways in Calciphylaxis of Various Origins: A Study of Human...
Epworth Research Month Posters 2022 - Epworth HealthCare
Warfarin Side Effects | Bleeding, Gangrene & Health Risks
Connie Rong Shi, M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Necrosis16
- Unlike other forms of vascular calcifications (e.g., intimal, medial, valvular), calciphylaxis is characterized also by small vessel mural calcification with or without endovascular fibrosis, extravascular calcification and vascular thrombosis, leading to tissue ischemia (including skin ischemia and, hence, skin necrosis). (wikipedia.org)
- Calciphylaxis is a poorly understood and highly morbid syndrome of vascular calcification and skin necrosis. (medscape.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a condition that is associated with high calcium phosphate levels, leading to vascular calcification of small arteries at the tunica media of the vessel and ultimately necrosis of the affected tissue. (woundsource.com)
- Pe site-ul Farmablu coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Order Medicines Online without Prescription at Professional coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Das Internet Indonesia) zufolge gibt es online apotheke Objekt des bürgerlichen Sujets ausgedrückten Realitätsnähe erfolgreich coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Online Apotheke Niederlande Cialis coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- 8 mars 2015 coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- People searching for bachelor of pharmacy degree online found the following information and resources relevant and helpful coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Corporate Information » coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Approved Pharmacy, Purchase Abilify Online coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- Sildenafil cipla online bestellen sildenafil online apotheke kosten 100mg Verordnung preise deutschland billige pfizer österreich Verkäufe coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis . (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- New prescription, refill, or transfer your prescription online at the CVS pharmacy online pharmacy coumadin necrosis vs calciphylaxis. (propertiesinculvercity.com)
- As we have seen in previous weeks, calciphylaxis is a severe and complex syndrome involving vascular calcification, thrombosis, and skin necrosis. (woundeducators.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a rare and serious disorder wherein there is necrosis of small-to-medium sized blood vessels. (dovemed.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a serious and rare condition characterized by vascular calcification and thrombosis leading to necrosis (cellular death) of the skin and fatty tissue. (sanifit.com)
Calcific5
- Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or "Grey Scale", is a rare syndrome characterized by painful skin lesions. (wikipedia.org)
- According to David Cucchiari, MD, and colleagues from the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona in Spain, "calciphylaxis cannot be considered only the consequence of long-standing uraemia, and the term [calcific uremic arteriolopathy] may lead to disagreement and misclassification. (renalandurologynews.com)
- Calciphylaxis [calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA)] is usually associated with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. (shifrinmd.com)
- San Diego, USA and Palma, Spain, October 20, 2016 - Laboratoris Sanifit S.L., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on treatments for calcification disorders, today announced successful initiation of the first clinical trial of its lead candidate, SNF472, for the treatment of the orphan disease calciphylaxis (calcific uraemic arteriolopathy, CUA). (sanifit.com)
- Calciphylaxis, or calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is the tissue and vascular calcification that occurs mainly in chronic kidney disease. (docksci.com)
Calcification14
- The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis is unclear but believed to involve calcification of the small blood vessels located within the fatty tissue and deeper layers of the skin, blood clots, and eventual death of skin cells due to lack of blood flow. (wikipedia.org)
- Calciphylaxis is one type of extraskeletal calcification. (wikipedia.org)
- Calciphylaxis is characterized by the following histologic findings: systemic medial calcification of the arteries, i.e. calcification of tunica media. (wikipedia.org)
- Severe forms of calciphylaxis may cause diastolic heart failure from cardiac calcification, called heart of stone. (wikipedia.org)
- Widespread intravascular calcification typical of calciphylaxis lesions occur in the myocardium and prevent normal diastolic filling of the ventricles. (wikipedia.org)
- Calciphylaxis is not a hypersensitivity reaction (i.e., allergic reaction) leading to sudden local calcification. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 9 , 10 ] Chronic inflammatory conditions may predispose to calciphylaxis by reducing serum levels of fetuin-A, an important inhibitor of calcification produced in the liver. (medscape.com)
- Vascular thombosis and calcification of numerous capillaries/fat suggest calciphylaxis. (dermnetnz.org)
- Vascular calcification prior to transplant surgery could predispose patients to later calciphylaxis, along with trauma, hypotension, and a hypercoagulable state, they explained. (renalandurologynews.com)
- Systemic corticosteroids should be avoided in calciphylaxis as they may exacerbate arteriolar calcification. (woundeducators.com)
- Background: Calciphylaxis is a rare, often fatal disease resulting from calcification of dermal arterioles and capillaries. (northwestern.edu)
- Discovery of diffuse intravascular calcification on computed tomography, in addition to a markedly elevated calcium-phosphate product immediately prior to the onset of his ulcers, led to the diagnosis of calciphylaxis. (northwestern.edu)
- Calciphylaxis is a rare disorder of intravascular calcification that is primarily observed in patients with longstanding end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (biomedcentral.com)
- Treatment of severe metastatic calcification and calciphylaxis in dialysis patients. (shifrinmd.com)
Cause of calciphylaxis3
- The cause of calciphylaxis is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
- The cause of calciphylaxis has been elusive, most likely because it is the common endpoint of a heterogeneous group of disorders. (medscape.com)
- The cause of calciphylaxis remains obscure. (medscape.com)
Cases of calciphylaxis2
- Many cases of calciphylaxis lead to systemic bacterial infection and death. (wikipedia.org)
- The team examined 14 cases of calciphylaxis after kidney transplantation diagnosed at their institution from 1990 to 2020 and 31 cases from the medical literature, published 1969 to 2019. (renalandurologynews.com)
Symptoms of calciphylaxis3
- We would also like to suggest our guidance in managing the physical and psychosocial symptoms of calciphylaxis whilst exploring advance care planning (ACP) in ESRD in a short time frame. (bmj.com)
- Results We found that a cross-specialty approach is key to managing the symptoms of calciphylaxis and ESRD even when dialysis is discontinued. (bmj.com)
- What are the Signs and Symptoms of Calciphylaxis? (dovemed.com)
Evidence of calciphylaxis1
- She then underwent a bone scan showing evidence of calciphylaxis. (johnshopkins.edu)
Management of calciphylaxis2
- 2) As with many poorly-understood conditions, the key to the management of calciphylaxis therefore lies in strategies to prevent the condition from developing in the first place. (woundeducators.com)
- A corollary of the case presented here is the need for more effective management of calciphylaxis, especially for patients in whom uncommon sites, such as the penis, are involved. (northwestern.edu)
Pathogenesis of calciphylaxis2
- The pathogenesis of calciphylaxis remains obscure and is likely the result of a multiplicity of comorbid factors or events. (medscape.com)
- Disorders that are most often implicated in the pathogenesis of calciphylaxis include chronic renal failure, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, an elevated calcium-phosphate product, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and a variety of hypercoagulable states. (medscape.com)
ESRD4
- Yet, although these abnormalities are extremely common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), calciphylaxis is relatively rare. (medscape.com)
- Background Calciphylaxis is a rare and poorly understood complication of end stage renal disease (ESRD) that causes a complex pain difficult to manage in the acute hospital and hospice environment. (bmj.com)
- Method We present a case of a patient newly diagnosed with calciphylaxis on a background of ESRD. (bmj.com)
- Approximately 1-4% of patients with ESRD experience calciphylaxis and there is currently no US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved therapy to treat this disorder. (sanifit.com)
Hyperparathyroidism6
- Similar extraskeletal calcifications are observed in some people with high levels of calcium in the blood, including people with milk-alkali syndrome, sarcoidosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, and hypervitaminosis D. In rare cases, certain medications such as warfarin can also result in calciphylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
- Parathyroidectomy in the treatment of calciphylaxis has been reported to benefit some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, but its use remains controversial. (woundeducators.com)
- However, calciphylaxis can also be seen in the absence of chronic renal failure and has been reported in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma or carcinoma. (shifrinmd.com)
- When medical therapy has failed in the setting of secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism with calciphylaxis, parathyroidectomy is the preferred treatment. (shifrinmd.com)
- It is important to emphasize, however, that not all patients with calciphylaxis have high levels of PTH, and parathyroidectomy-in the absence of documented hyperparathyroidism-should not be undertaken. (shifrinmd.com)
- Calciphylaxis in a patient affected by rheumatoid arthritis, chronic renal failure, and hyperparathyroidism: a case report. (docksci.com)
Calcium4
- Although extrapolation of animal data to humans is conjectural, it seems to be true that serial events, most consistently involving renal failure-induced abnormalities in calcium homeostasis, are required to occur over time for calciphylaxis to develop. (medscape.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a rare and serious condition in which calcium builds up in blood vessels and blocks blood flow to the skin, according to Cleveland Clinic . (yahoo.com)
- Calciphylaxis occurs when the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood exceed their solubility level, leading to calcium-phosphate deposits in arteries that compromise the vasculature. (shifrinmd.com)
- Aggressive control of hyperphosphatemia and elevated PTH and control intake of oral calcium while limiting vitamin D. Calcium carbonate should no longer be used as a phosphate binder in patients with calciphylaxis or patients at very high risk for developing calciphylaxis. (biomedcentral.com)
Renal failure1
- A clinical history of renal failure and necrotic skin lesions can be helpful in providing confidence in diagnosing calciphylaxis. (dermnetnz.org)
Diagnosis4
- A deep biopsy to sample the subcutis is needed to make the diagnosis of calciphylaxis. (dermnetnz.org)
- If calciphylaxis is suspected, the diagnosis should be confirmed histologically in order to differentiate the condition from other similar vasculopathies which may be presented by the same patient types. (woundeducators.com)
- A multidisciplinary approach involving early diagnosis, aggressive medical management, operative debridement, and parathyroidectomy has the best chance of improving survival in calciphylaxis. (shifrinmd.com)
- Patients with calciphylaxis experience painful skin ulcers with a high risk of severe infection and a 50% rate of death within the first year after diagnosis. (sanifit.com)
Severe1
- Cosmin, A & Soudry, G 2005, ' A case of severe calciphylaxis seen on three-phase bone scan ', Clinical Nuclear Medicine , vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 765-766. (johnshopkins.edu)
Sodium1
- 1) One proposed mechanism of action of sodium thiosulfate therapy in calciphylaxis is shown below. (woundeducators.com)
Systemic1
- In these patients, systemic calciphylaxis is usually observed. (edu.pe)
Newly diagnosed1
- The recently initiated Phase II study is the first clinical investigation of SNF472 in patients with newly diagnosed calciphylaxis. (sanifit.com)
Prognosis3
- With such a discouraging prognosis, it is clear that treatment options for calciphylaxis still have some way to go. (woundeducators.com)
- The lack of evidence for the benefit of any treatment for calciphylaxis is disappointing, and contributes to the overall dismal prognosis for this condition. (woundeducators.com)
- Here we report the case of an elderly man who was found to have calciphylaxis of the distal digits and penis, the latter of which is an uncommon site of disease that carries a particularly poor prognosis. (northwestern.edu)
Chronic kidney1
- Calciphylaxis occurs almost exclusively in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and has a dismal mortality rate of around 80 percent (with a 1-year mortality greater than 50 percent). (woundeducators.com)
Clinical1
- 500 pg/mL [55.0 pmol/L]), as there are several reports of clinical improvement in patients with calciphylaxis after such therapy. (shifrinmd.com)
Secondary1
- Wound etiologies included 3 pressure ulcers, 1 diabetic foot ulcer, 1 venous leg ulcer, 2 postsurgical wound dehiscences, 1 ulcer secondary to calciphylaxis, and 1 traumatic wound secondary to hematoma. (medscape.com)
Dialysis patients3
- Calciphylaxis is a rare but serious disease, believed to affect 1-4% of all dialysis patients. (wikipedia.org)
- This SNF472 trial is a prospective interventional study targeting unmet medical need in calciphylaxis and we are excited to understand more about the potential for this drug to benefit dialysis patients afflicted with this grievous condition. (sanifit.com)
- SNF472 is being developed for two indications: reduction of cardiovascular events in dialysis patients and for the treatment of calciphylaxis. (sanifit.com)
Unmet1
- Brandenburg VM, Cozzolino M, Ketteler M. Calciphylaxis: a still unmet challenge. (woundeducators.com)
Disease5
- Calciphylaxis is seen almost exclusively in patients with end stage kidney disease. (dermnetnz.org)
- Honestly I'm really pretty terrified that my calciphylaxis will come back as it's happened to others with my disease but I refuse to let that fear control me or waste any days/time while I'm feeling well again," she continued. (yahoo.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a rare and devastating disease for which there are currently no evidence-based treatment options available. (sanifit.com)
- Indications for PTX were hyperparathyroid bone disease in 41 cases and calciphylaxis in 5 cases. (karger.com)
- The Bloch Laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital investigates the role of the bone morphogenetic protein signal transduction pathway in a broad spectrum of human diseases, including iron overload syndromes, anemia, inflammation, Sjogren's syndrome, non-alcohol related fatty liver disease, calciphylaxis and atherosclerosis. (massgeneral.org)
Mortality rate1
- Calciphylaxis has 60-80% mortality rate. (shifrinmd.com)
Orphan1
- SNF472 has received orphan drug designation for the treatment of calciphylaxis from both the EMA and FDA. (sanifit.com)
Hypersensitivity1
- He defined calciphylaxis as a condition of hypersensitivity induced by a set of "sensitizing" agents, in which calcinosis occurred only in those subsequently subjected to a group of "challengers" and only after a critical lag time. (medscape.com)
Patients1
- Calciphylaxis developed during the first year after kidney transplantation in 43.2% of patients. (renalandurologynews.com)
Bone1
- Technetium-99m methyl diphosphonate bone scans are a potentially viable noninvasive option for diagnosing calciphylaxis. (auntminnie.com)
Tissue1
- Given that calciphylaxis tends to affect adipose tissue, this may be a contributing explanation. (wikipedia.org)
Contributes1
- Another hypothesis has been proposed, that vitamin K deficiency contributes to the development of calciphylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment3
- In July, Reed posted a video on Instagram of herself ringing a hospital bell after 59 weeks of calciphylaxis treatment . (yahoo.com)
- Undertaking a treatment of the underlying condition causing Calciphylaxis is the first step towards treating it. (dovemed.com)
- Evolution of treatment strategies for calciphylaxis. (shifrinmd.com)
Physical examination1
- Calciphylaxis is diagnosed on the basis of physical examination, laboratory, and histopathologic findings. (shifrinmd.com)
Diagnostic1
- There is no diagnostic test for calciphylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
Skin1
- The first skin changes in calciphylaxis lesions are mottling of the skin and induration in a livedo reticularis pattern. (wikipedia.org)
Case1
- [ 3 ] Since then, a multitude of case reports of calciphylaxis have documented data outlining its morbidity and therapeutic dilemmas, as well as a quest to better understand its etiology and pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
Condition1
- When calciphylaxis is present, early detection is critical to the successful management of this condition. (shifrinmd.com)