Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.
Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.
Puncture and aspiration of fluid from the PERICARDIUM.
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.
Surgical construction of an opening or window in the pericardium. It is often called subxiphoid pericardial window technique.
General or unspecified injuries to the heart.
A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.
Surgical excision (total or partial) of a portion of the pericardium. Pericardiotomy refers to incision of the pericardium.
Organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. The oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. They are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Tumors in any part of the heart. They include primary cardiac tumors and metastatic tumors to the heart. Their interference with normal cardiac functions can cause a wide variety of symptoms including HEART FAILURE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; or EMBOLISM.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.
INFLAMMATION of the sac surrounding the heart (PERICARDIUM) due to MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS infection. Pericarditis can lead to swelling (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION), compression of the heart (CARDIAC TAMPONADE), and preventing normal beating of the heart.
Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).
Presence of air or gas in the space between the heart and the PERICARDIUM. The degree of respiratory distress depends on the amount of trapped air and circulation blocked in the systemic and pulmonary veins.
Surgery performed on the heart.
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.
Incision of tissues for injection of medication or for other diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Punctures of the skin, for example may be used for diagnostic drainage; of blood vessels for diagnostic imaging procedures.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).
The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).
Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.
Also called xiphoid process, it is the smallest and most inferior triangular protrusion of the STERNUM or breastbone that extends into the center of the ribcage.
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.
An opaque, milky-white fluid consisting mainly of emulsified fats that passes through the lacteals of the small intestines into the lymphatic system.
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.
Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM that is characterized by the fibrous scarring and adhesion of both serous layers, the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM and the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM leading to the loss of pericardial cavity. The thickened pericardium severely restricts cardiac filling. Clinical signs include FATIGUE, muscle wasting, and WEIGHT LOSS.
Placement of an intravenous CATHETER in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein.
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOMYCES.
The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Laceration or tearing of cardiac tissues appearing after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
A tumorlike condition characterized by SMOOTH MUSCLE and ENDOTHELIUM proliferation of LYMPHATIC VESSELS and LYMPH NODES in the MEDIASTINUM and retroperitoneum, also in the lung. It may be manifested by chylous PLEURAL EFFUSION and ASCITES.
Removal of the whole or part of the vitreous body in treating endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, intraocular foreign bodies, and some types of glaucoma.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
The sounds heard over the cardiac region produced by the functioning of the heart. There are four distinct sounds: the first occurs at the beginning of SYSTOLE and is heard as a "lubb" sound; the second is produced by the closing of the AORTIC VALVE and PULMONARY VALVE and is heard as a "dupp" sound; the third is produced by vibrations of the ventricular walls when suddenly distended by the rush of blood from the HEART ATRIA; and the fourth is produced by atrial contraction and ventricular filling.
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer at the proximal aorta complicated with cardiac tamponade and aortic valve regurgitation. (1/412)

A 56-year-old man had a penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer originating in the proximal ascending aorta, which is an unusual case of penetrating aortic ulcer complicated with the aortic valve regurgitation and cardiac tamponade. This hemodynamically unstable patient was successfully treated by conservative management to control his blood pressure and was also monitored closely with follow-up imaging studies.  (+info)

Mechanism of biphasic response of renal nerve activity during acute cardiac tamponade in conscious rabbits. (2/412)

Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to acute cardiac tamponade were studied in conscious rabbits with all reflexes intact (Int) or after either surgical sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or administration of intrapericardial procaine (ip-Pro) or intravenous procaine (iv-Pro). In Int rabbits, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained relatively constant until the pericardial volume reached 7. 7 ml, whereas the RSNA increased to 226% [compensated cardiac tamponade (CCT)], then, at a pericardial volume of 9.3 ml, the MAP fell sharply and RSNA decreased to 34% [decompensated cardiac tamponade (DCT)]; 1 min after cessation of pericardial infusion, an intravenous injection of naloxone resulted in increases in both MAP and RSNA. In SAD rabbits, RSNA did not alter throughout CCT and DCT, but increased on injection of naloxone. In ip-Pro rabbits, RSNA increased during CCT but did not decrease during DCT, whereas, in iv-Pro rabbits, the RSNA response was similar to that in Int rabbits. These results indicate that RSNA responses to cardiac tamponade are biphasic, with an increase during CCT and a decrease during DCT. Sinoaortic baroreceptors are involved in mediating the increase in RSNA, whereas cardiac receptors may be involved in mediating the decrease in RSNA. An endogenous opioid may be responsible for the decrease in RSNA seen during DCT.  (+info)

Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion with 32P-colloid. (3/412)

Malignant pericardial effusion is usually treated only when signs of cardiac tamponade develop. Several methods of treatment have been reported with an overall response rate of approximately 75%. Since our initial study using intrapericardial 32P-colloid instillation as a treatment modality for pericardial effusion demonstrated a significant higher response rate, this study was conducted to further evaluate the efficacy of intrapericardial 32P-colloid in terms of response rates and duration of remissions. Intrapericardial instillation of 185-370 MBq (5-10 mCi) 32P-colloid in 36 patients with malignant pericardial effusion resulted in a complete remission rate of 94.5% (34 patients) whereas two patients did not respond to treatment due to a foudroyant formation of pericardial fluid. The median duration time was 8 months. No side-effects were observed. These results suggest that intrapericardial instillation of 32P-colloid is a simple, reliable and safe treatment strategy for patients with malignant pericardial effusions. Therefore, since further evidence is provided that 32P-colloid is significantly more effective than external radiation or non-radioactive sclerosing agents, this treatment modality should be considered for the management of malignant pericardial effusion.  (+info)

Central venous injuries of the subclavian-jugular and innominate-caval confluences. (4/412)

Injuries to the central venous system can result from penetrating trauma or iatrogenic causes. Injuries to major venous confluences can be particularly problematic, because the clavicle and sternum seriously limit exposure of the injury site. We report our institution's experience with central venous injuries of the subclavian-jugular and innominate-caval venous confluences. Significant injuries of the subclavian-jugular venous confluence frequently result from penetrating trauma, while injuries to the innominate-caval confluence are usually catheter-related. Median sternotomy provides adequate exposure of the innominate-caval confluence, while exposure of the subclavian-jugular venous confluence requires extension of the median sternotomy incision into the neck and resection of the clavicle. The literature is reviewed.  (+info)

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma associated with cardiac tamponade: case report. (5/412)

A 57-year-old male with primary cardiac angiosarcoma was initially admitted for cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed twice preoperatively, but the bloody pericardial fluid was cytologically negative for malignant cells. The tumor in the right atrium was resected during cardiopulmonary bypass. The resected tumor was 5.5x4.5x3.0cm in size and the diagnosis of cardiac angiosarcoma was made histologically. There were no tumor cells in the surgical margin. Unfortunately the patient died 3.5 months after surgery due to multiple recurrence in the pericardium. A suitable therapy for cardiac angiosarcoma is still controversial, but early antemortem diagnosis and more aggressive combined treatment should be considered.  (+info)

Risks of spontaneous injury and extraction of an active fixation pacemaker lead: report of the Accufix Multicenter Clinical Study and Worldwide Registry. (6/412)

BACKGROUND: The Telectronics Accufix pacing leads were recalled in November 1994 after 2 deaths and 2 nonfatal injuries were reported. This multicenter clinical study (MCS) of patients with Accufix leads was designed to determine the rate of spontaneous injury related to the J retention wire and results of lead extraction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The MCS included 2589 patients with Accufix atrial pacing leads that were implanted at or who were followed up at 12 medical centers. Patients underwent cinefluoroscopic imaging of their lead every 6 months. The risk of J retention wire fracture was approximately 5.6%/y at 5 years and 4.7%/y at 10 years after implantation. The annual risk of protrusion was 1.5%. A total of 40 spontaneous injuries were reported to a worldwide registry (WWR) that included data from 34 672 patients (34 892 Accufix leads), including pericardial tamponade (n=19), pericardial effusion (n=5), atrial perforation (n=3), J retention wire embolization (n=4), and death (n=6). The risk of injury was 0.02%/y (95% CI, 0.0025 to 0. 072) in the MCS and 0.048%/y (95% CI, 0.035 to 0.067) in the WWR. A total of 5299 leads (13%) have been extracted worldwide. After recall in the WWR, fatal extraction complications occurred in 0.4% of intravascular procedures (16 of 4023), with life-threatening complications in 0.5% (n=21). Extraction complications increased with implant duration, female sex, and J retention wire protrusion. CONCLUSIONS: Accufix pacing leads pose a low, ongoing risk of injury. Extraction is associated with substantially higher risks, and a conservative management approach is indicated for most patients.  (+info)

UHL's anomaly. (7/412)

Uhl's anomaly is a rare congenital hypoplasia of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. It can be seen together with some other congenital anomalies. Here we first report a 16-year-old male patient with Uhl's anomaly which appears with cardiac tamponade.  (+info)

Long-term follow-up of idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion. (8/412)

BACKGROUND: A large idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion can be defined as a collection of pericardial fluid that persists for more than three months and has no apparent cause. We conducted a prospective study of the natural history and treatment of this disorder. METHODS: Between 1977 and 1992, we prospectively evaluated and enrolled patients with large idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion. We performed pericardiocentesis in most of the patients. We performed pericardiectomy when large pericardial effusion reappeared after pericardiocentesis. Follow-up ranged from 18 months to 20 years (median, 7 years). RESULTS: During the study period, we evaluated a total of 1108 patients with pericarditis, 461 of whom had large pericardial effusion. Twenty-eight of these patients (age range, 7 to 85 years; median, 61) had large idiopathic chronic effusion and were included in the study. The duration of effusion ranged from 6 months to 15 years (median, 3 years). At the initial evaluation, 13 patients were asymptomatic. Overt tamponade was found in eight patients (29 percent). Therapeutic pericardiocentesis, performed in 24 patients, was followed by the disappearance of or marked reduction in the effusion in 8. Five of the 24 patients underwent early pericardiectomy, and in 11 large pericardial effusion reappeared. Cardiac catheterization, performed in 16 patients, showed elevated intrapericardial pressure (4.75+/-3.79 mm Hg) and reduced transmural pressure (1.0+/-2.50 mm Hg) before pericardiocentesis. Both of these abnormalities in pressure improved significantly after pericardiocentesis. Pericardiectomy, performed in 20 patients, yielded excellent long-term results. At the end of the follow-up period, 10 patients had died, but none had died from pericardial disease. CONCLUSIONS: Large idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion is well tolerated for long periods in most patients, but severe tamponade can develop unexpectedly at any time. Pericardiocentesis alone frequently results in the resolution of large effusions, but recurrence is common and pericardiectomy should be considered whenever a large effusion recurs after pericardiocentesis.  (+info)

Cardiac tamponade is a serious medical condition that occurs when there is excessive fluid or blood accumulation in the pericardial sac, which surrounds the heart. This accumulation puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from filling properly and reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. As a result, cardiac output decreases, leading to symptoms such as low blood pressure, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a rapid pulse. If left untreated, cardiac tamponade can be life-threatening, requiring emergency medical intervention to drain the fluid and relieve the pressure on the heart.

Pericardial effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, which is the potential space between the two layers of the pericardium - the fibrous and serous layers. The pericardium is a sac that surrounds the heart to provide protection and lubrication for the heart's movement during each heartbeat. Normally, there is only a small amount of fluid (5-15 mL) in this space to ensure smooth motion of the heart. However, when an excessive amount of fluid accumulates, it can cause increased pressure on the heart, leading to various complications such as decreased cardiac output and even cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Pericardial effusion may result from several causes, including infections (viral, bacterial, or fungal), inflammatory conditions (such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or cancer), trauma, heart surgery, kidney failure, or iatrogenic causes. The symptoms of pericardial effusion can vary depending on the rate and amount of fluid accumulation. Slowly developing effusions may not cause any symptoms, while rapid accumulations can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, palpitations, or even hypotension (low blood pressure). Diagnosis is usually confirmed through imaging techniques such as echocardiography, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the effusion, ranging from close monitoring to drainage procedures or medications to address the root cause.

Pericardiocentesis is a medical procedure where a needle or a catheter is inserted into the pericardial sac, the thin fluid-filled space surrounding the heart, to remove excess fluids or air that has accumulated. This buildup can put pressure on the heart and impede its function, leading to various cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations. The procedure is often guided by echocardiography or fluoroscopy to ensure proper placement and minimize risks. Pericardiocentesis may be performed as an emergency treatment or a scheduled intervention, depending on the patient's condition.

Pericarditis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, which is the thin sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart and contains serous fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats. The inflammation can cause symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and sometimes fever.

The pericardium has two layers: the visceral pericardium, which is tightly adhered to the heart's surface, and the parietal pericardium, which lines the inner surface of the chest cavity. Normally, there is a small amount of fluid between these two layers, allowing for smooth movement of the heart within the chest cavity.

In pericarditis, the inflammation causes the pericardial layers to become irritated and swollen, leading to an accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space. This can result in a condition called pericardial effusion, which can further complicate the situation by putting pressure on the heart and impairing its function.

Pericarditis may be caused by various factors, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, heart attacks, trauma, or cancer. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and reducing inflammation with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, or corticosteroids. In severe cases, pericardiocentesis (removal of excess fluid from the pericardial space) or surgical intervention may be necessary.

A pericardial window technique is a surgical procedure that creates an opening or window in the pericardium, which is the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This procedure is typically performed to relieve excessive pressure on the heart caused by excess fluid accumulation in the pericardial space (pericardial effusion) or to obtain tissue samples for diagnostic purposes.

There are two primary approaches to creating a pericardial window:

1. Surgical Pericardial Window: This is an open surgical procedure, usually performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the chest wall and then opens the pericardium to create a window. Excess fluid is drained from the pericardial space, and the pericardial edges are sutured together to keep the window open. This technique allows for continuous drainage of any future fluid accumulation.

2. Percutaneous Pericardial Window: This is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a needle or catheter through the skin and into the pericardial space under local anesthesia and image guidance (fluoroscopy, echocardiography, or CT scan). A guidewire is then passed through the needle, followed by a dilator and sheath. A drainage catheter is placed through the sheath into the pericardial space to remove excess fluid. The catheter may be left in place for several days to allow for continued drainage.

Pericardial window techniques are used to treat various conditions, including cardiac tamponade (life-threatening compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion), infectious pericarditis, malignant pericardial effusions, and inflammatory disorders affecting the pericardium.

Heart injuries, also known as cardiac injuries, refer to any damage or harm caused to the heart muscle, valves, or surrounding structures. This can result from various causes such as blunt trauma (e.g., car accidents, falls), penetrating trauma (e.g., gunshot wounds, stabbing), or medical conditions like heart attacks (myocardial infarction) and infections (e.g., myocarditis, endocarditis).

Some common types of heart injuries include:

1. Contusions: Bruising of the heart muscle due to blunt trauma.
2. Myocardial infarctions: Damage to the heart muscle caused by insufficient blood supply, often due to blocked coronary arteries.
3. Cardiac rupture: A rare but life-threatening condition where the heart muscle tears or breaks open, usually resulting from severe trauma or complications from a myocardial infarction.
4. Valvular damage: Disruption of the heart valves' function due to injury or infection, leading to leakage (regurgitation) or narrowing (stenosis).
5. Pericardial injuries: Damage to the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which can result in fluid accumulation (pericardial effusion), inflammation (pericarditis), or tamponade (compression of the heart by excess fluid).
6. Arrhythmias: Irregular heart rhythms caused by damage to the heart's electrical conduction system.

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing heart injuries, as they can lead to severe complications or even be fatal if left untreated.

The pericardium is the double-walled sac that surrounds the heart. It has an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer, which further divides into two parts: the parietal layer lining the fibrous pericardium and the visceral layer (epicardium) closely adhering to the heart surface.

The space between these two layers is filled with a small amount of lubricating serous fluid, allowing for smooth movement of the heart within the pericardial cavity. The pericardium provides protection, support, and helps maintain the heart's normal position within the chest while reducing friction during heart contractions.

Pericardiectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all or part of the pericardium, which is the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This surgery is typically performed to treat chronic or recurrent pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, or pericardial effusions that do not respond to other treatments. Pericardiectomy can help reduce symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup around the heart, improving the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis.

Silicone oils are synthetic, polymerized forms of siloxane, which is a type of silicon-based compound. These oils are known for their stability, durability, and resistance to heat, chemicals, and aging. In the medical field, silicone oils are often used in various medical devices and procedures, such as:

1. Intraocular lenses: Silicone oils can be used as a temporary replacement for the vitreous humor (the gel-like substance that fills the eye) during vitreoretinal surgery, particularly when there is a retinal detachment or other serious eye conditions. The oil helps to reattach the retina and maintain its position until a permanent solution can be found.

2. Breast implants: Silicone oils are used as a filling material for breast implants due to their ability to mimic the feel of natural breast tissue. However, the use of silicone breast implants has been controversial due to concerns about potential health risks, including immune system disorders and cancer.

3. Drug delivery systems: Silicone oils can be used as a component in drug-eluting devices, which are designed to deliver medication slowly and consistently over an extended period. These devices can be used in various medical applications, such as wound healing or the treatment of chronic pain.

4. Medical adhesives: Silicone oils can be incorporated into medical adhesives to improve their flexibility, biocompatibility, and resistance to moisture and heat. These adhesives are often used in the manufacturing of medical devices and for securing bandages or dressings to the skin.

It is important to note that while silicone oils have many medical applications, they can also pose potential risks, such as migration, inflammation, or other complications. Therefore, their use should be carefully considered and monitored by healthcare professionals.

Heart neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the heart tissue. They can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors, such as myxomas and rhabdomyomas, are typically slower growing and less likely to spread, but they can still cause serious complications if they obstruct blood flow or damage heart valves. Malignant tumors, such as angiosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, are fast-growing and have a higher risk of spreading to other parts of the body. Symptoms of heart neoplasms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Echocardiography is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart's structure, function, and motion. It is a non-invasive test that can help diagnose various heart conditions, such as valve problems, heart muscle damage, blood clots, and congenital heart defects.

During an echocardiogram, a transducer (a device that sends and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest or passed through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart. The sound waves produced by the transducer bounce off the heart structures and return to the transducer, which then converts them into electrical signals that are processed to create images of the heart.

There are several types of echocardiograms, including:

* Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): This is the most common type of echocardiogram and involves placing the transducer on the chest.
* Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This type of echocardiogram involves passing a specialized transducer through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart from a closer proximity.
* Stress echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram is performed during exercise or medication-induced stress to assess how the heart functions under stress.
* Doppler echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram uses sound waves to measure blood flow and velocity in the heart and blood vessels.

Echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various heart conditions, as it provides detailed information about the structure and function of the heart. It is generally safe, non-invasive, and painless, making it a popular choice for doctors and patients alike.

Tuberculous pericarditis is a specific form of pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart) that is caused by the bacterial infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This type of pericarditis is more common in areas where tuberculosis is prevalent and can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

In tuberculous pericarditis, the bacteria typically spread from the lungs (the most common site of TB infection) or other infected organs through the bloodstream to the pericardium. The infection causes an inflammatory response, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space (pericardial effusion), which can put pressure on the heart and impair its function. In some cases, the inflammation may lead to the formation of scar tissue, causing the pericardium to thicken and constrict, a condition known as constrictive pericarditis.

Symptoms of tuberculous pericarditis can include chest pain, cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, and difficulty breathing. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests (such as echocardiography, CT scan, or MRI), and laboratory tests (including analysis of the pericardial fluid). Treatment usually consists of a long course of antibiotics specific to TB, along with anti-inflammatory medications and close monitoring for potential complications.

A heart rupture, also known as cardiac rupture, is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs when there is a tear or hole in the muscle wall of the heart. This can happen as a result of a severe injury to the heart, such as from a car accident or a fall, or it can occur as a complication of a heart attack.

During a heart attack, blood flow to a portion of the heart is blocked, causing the heart muscle to become damaged and die. If the damage is extensive, the weakened heart muscle may rupture, leading to bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart) or into one of the heart chambers.

A heart rupture can cause sudden cardiac arrest and death if not treated immediately. Symptoms of a heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, and loss of consciousness. Treatment typically involves emergency surgery to repair or replace the damaged portion of the heart.

Pneumopericardium is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas within the pericardial sac, which surrounds and protects the heart. This accumulation of air can cause the pericardium to become tense and inflamed, potentially leading to complications such as cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening situation in which the excess pressure around the heart impairs its ability to fill with blood and pump effectively.

Pneumopericardium may result from various causes, including trauma, medical procedures (such as central line placement or surgery), infection, or underlying lung diseases that allow air to leak into the pericardial space. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the severity of the condition and may include chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and palpitations. Imaging tests such as chest X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans are typically used to diagnose Pneumopericardium, and treatment may involve drainage of the accumulated air and management of any underlying conditions.

Cardiac surgical procedures are operations that are performed on the heart or great vessels (the aorta and vena cava) by cardiothoracic surgeons. These surgeries are often complex and require a high level of skill and expertise. Some common reasons for cardiac surgical procedures include:

1. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This is a surgery to improve blood flow to the heart in patients with coronary artery disease. During the procedure, a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is used to create a detour around the blocked or narrowed portion of the coronary artery.
2. Valve repair or replacement: The heart has four valves that control blood flow through and out of the heart. If one or more of these valves become damaged or diseased, they may need to be repaired or replaced. This can be done using artificial valves or valves from animal or human donors.
3. Aneurysm repair: An aneurysm is a weakened area in the wall of an artery that can bulge out and potentially rupture. If an aneurysm occurs in the aorta, it may require surgical repair to prevent rupture.
4. Heart transplantation: In some cases, heart failure may be so severe that a heart transplant is necessary. This involves removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy donor heart.
5. Arrhythmia surgery: Certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) may require surgical treatment. One such procedure is called the Maze procedure, which involves creating a pattern of scar tissue in the heart to disrupt the abnormal electrical signals that cause the arrhythmia.
6. Congenital heart defect repair: Some people are born with structural problems in their hearts that require surgical correction. These may include holes between the chambers of the heart or abnormal blood vessels.

Cardiac surgical procedures carry risks, including bleeding, infection, stroke, and death. However, for many patients, these surgeries can significantly improve their quality of life and longevity.

Polydipsia is a medical term that describes excessive thirst or an abnormally increased desire to drink fluids. It is often associated with conditions that cause increased fluid loss, such as diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus, as well as certain psychiatric disorders that can lead to excessive water intake. Polydipsia should not be confused with simple dehydration, where the body's overall water content is reduced due to inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss. Instead, polydipsia refers to a persistent and strong drive to drink fluids, even when the body is adequately hydrated. Prolonged polydipsia can lead to complications such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood) and may indicate an underlying medical issue that requires further evaluation and treatment.

A puncture, in medical terms, refers to a small hole or wound that is caused by a sharp object penetrating the skin or other body tissues. This can result in damage to underlying structures such as blood vessels, nerves, or organs, and may lead to complications such as bleeding, infection, or inflammation.

Punctures can occur accidentally, such as from stepping on a nail or getting pricked by a needle, or they can be inflicted intentionally, such as during medical procedures like injections or blood draws. In some cases, puncture wounds may require medical attention to clean and close the wound, prevent infection, and promote healing.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

Cardiac myocytes are the muscle cells that make up the heart muscle, also known as the myocardium. These specialized cells are responsible for contracting and relaxing in a coordinated manner to pump blood throughout the body. They differ from skeletal muscle cells in several ways, including their ability to generate their own electrical impulses, which allows the heart to function as an independent rhythmical pump. Cardiac myocytes contain sarcomeres, the contractile units of the muscle, and are connected to each other by intercalated discs that help coordinate contraction and ensure the synchronous beating of the heart.

Cardiac output is a measure of the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart in one minute. It is defined as the product of stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle during each contraction) and heart rate (the number of contractions per minute). Normal cardiac output at rest for an average-sized adult is about 5 to 6 liters per minute. Cardiac output can be increased during exercise or other conditions that require more blood flow, such as during illness or injury. It can be measured noninvasively using techniques such as echocardiography or invasively through a catheter placed in the heart.

Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions. In this procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and threaded up to the heart. The catheter can be used to perform various diagnostic tests, such as measuring the pressure inside the heart chambers and assessing the function of the heart valves.

Cardiac catheterization can also be used to treat certain cardiovascular conditions, such as narrowed or blocked arteries. In these cases, a balloon or stent may be inserted through the catheter to open up the blood vessel and improve blood flow. This procedure is known as angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Cardiac catheterization is typically performed in a hospital cardiac catheterization laboratory by a team of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, radiologists, and nurses. The procedure may be done under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia, depending on the individual patient's needs and preferences.

Overall, cardiac catheterization is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various heart conditions, and it can help improve symptoms, reduce complications, and prolong life for many patients.

The xiphoid process, also known as the xiphoid bone, is the smallest and lowest portion of the sternum or breastbone. It is located at the bottom tip of the sternum and has a shape that can be variable from person to person, ranging from elongated to almost square. The xiphoid process serves as an attachment point for several muscles, including the diaphragm, transverse abdominis, and oblique muscles. It also plays a role in the movement of the chest during respiration and other physical activities.

Penetrating wounds are a type of traumatic injury that occurs when an object pierces through the skin and underlying tissues, creating a hole or cavity in the body. These wounds can vary in severity, depending on the size and shape of the object, as well as the location and depth of the wound.

Penetrating wounds are typically caused by sharp objects such as knives, bullets, or glass. They can damage internal organs, blood vessels, nerves, and bones, leading to serious complications such as bleeding, infection, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly and properly.

The management of penetrating wounds involves a thorough assessment of the wound and surrounding tissues, as well as the identification and treatment of any associated injuries or complications. This may include wound cleaning and closure, antibiotics to prevent infection, pain management, and surgery to repair damaged structures. In some cases, hospitalization and close monitoring may be necessary to ensure proper healing and recovery.

Foreign-body migration is a medical condition that occurs when a foreign object, such as a surgical implant, tissue graft, or trauma-induced fragment, moves from its original position within the body to a different location. This displacement can cause various complications and symptoms depending on the type of foreign body, the location it migrated to, and the individual's specific physiological response.

Foreign-body migration may result from insufficient fixation or anchoring of the object during implantation, inadequate wound healing, infection, or an inflammatory reaction. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, redness, or infection at the new location, as well as potential damage to surrounding tissues and organs. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to locate the foreign body, followed by a surgical procedure to remove it and address any resulting complications.

Chyle is a milky, slightly opaque fluid that is present in the lymphatic system. It is formed in the small intestine during the digestion of food, particularly fats. Chyle consists of emulsified fat droplets (chylomicrons), proteins, electrolytes, and lymphocytes suspended in a watery solution. It is transported through the lacteals in the villi of the small intestine into the cisterna chyli and then to the thoracic duct, where it empties into the left subclavian vein. From there, it mixes with blood and circulates throughout the body. Chyle formation plays a crucial role in fat absorption and transportation in the human body.

In medical terms, the heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity that functions as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. It's responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The human heart is divided into four chambers: two atria on the top and two ventricles on the bottom. The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the rest of the body. The heart's rhythmic contractions and relaxations are regulated by a complex electrical conduction system.

Heart valves are specialized structures in the heart that ensure unidirectional flow of blood through its chambers during the cardiac cycle. There are four heart valves: the tricuspid valve and the mitral (bicuspid) valve, located between the atria and ventricles, and the pulmonic (pulmonary) valve and aortic valve, located between the ventricles and the major blood vessels leaving the heart.

The heart valves are composed of thin flaps of tissue called leaflets or cusps, which are supported by a fibrous ring. The aortic and pulmonic valves have three cusps each, while the tricuspid and mitral valves have three and two cusps, respectively.

The heart valves open and close in response to pressure differences across them, allowing blood to flow forward into the ventricles during diastole (filling phase) and preventing backflow of blood into the atria during systole (contraction phase). A properly functioning heart valve ensures efficient pumping of blood by the heart and maintains normal blood circulation throughout the body.

Balloon occlusion is a medical procedure that involves the use of a small, deflated balloon at the end of a catheter, which can be inserted into a blood vessel or other tubular structure in the body. Once the balloon is in position, it is inflated with a fluid or gas to create a blockage or obstruction in the vessel. This can be used for various medical purposes, such as:

1. Controlling bleeding: By inflating the balloon in a blood vessel, doctors can temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area, allowing them to treat injuries or abnormalities that are causing excessive bleeding.
2. Vessel narrowing or blockage assessment: Balloon occlusion can be used to assess the severity of narrowing or blockages in blood vessels. By inflating the balloon and measuring the pressure differences upstream and downstream, doctors can determine the extent of the obstruction and plan appropriate treatment.
3. Embolization therapy: In some cases, balloon occlusion is used to deliver embolic agents (such as coils, particles, or glue) that block off blood flow to specific areas. This can be useful in treating conditions like tumors, arteriovenous malformations, or aneurysms.
4. Temporary vessel occlusion during surgery: During certain surgical procedures, it may be necessary to temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area. Balloon occlusion can be used to achieve this quickly and safely.
5. Assisting in the placement of stents or other devices: Balloon occlusion can help position and deploy stents or other medical devices by providing temporary support or blocking off blood flow during the procedure.

It is important to note that balloon occlusion procedures carry potential risks, such as vessel injury, infection, or embolism (the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign material). These risks should be carefully weighed against the benefits when considering this type of treatment.

Hemangiosarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from the cells that line the blood vessels (endothelial cells). It most commonly affects middle-aged to older dogs, but it can also occur in cats and other animals, as well as rarely in humans.

This cancer can develop in various parts of the body, including the skin, heart, spleen, liver, and lungs. Hemangiosarcomas of the skin tend to be more benign and have a better prognosis than those that arise internally.

Hemangiosarcomas are highly invasive and often metastasize (spread) to other organs, making them difficult to treat. The exact cause of hemangiosarcoma is not known, but exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and viruses may increase the risk of developing this cancer. Treatment options typically include surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy, depending on the location and stage of the tumor.

Constrictive pericarditis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and thickening of the pericardium, which is the sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. This inflammation leads to scarring and thickening of the pericardium, causing it to become stiff and inflexible. As a result, the heart's ability to fill with blood between beats is restricted, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention.

In contrastive pericarditis, the thickened and scarred pericardium restricts the normal movement of the heart within the chest cavity, leading to a characteristic pattern of hemodynamic abnormalities. These include equalization of diastolic pressures in all cardiac chambers, increased systemic venous pressure, and decreased cardiac output.

The most common causes of constrictive pericarditis include prior infection, radiation therapy, autoimmune disorders, and previous heart surgery. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as echocardiography or MRI, and sometimes invasive testing such as cardiac catheterization. Treatment may involve medications to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation, as well as surgical removal of the pericardium (pericardiectomy) in severe cases.

Central venous catheterization is a medical procedure in which a flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a large vein in the body, usually in the neck (internal jugular vein), chest (subclavian vein), or groin (femoral vein). The catheter is threaded through the vein until it reaches a central location, such as the superior vena cava or the right atrium of the heart.

Central venous catheterization may be performed for several reasons, including:

1. To administer medications, fluids, or nutritional support directly into the bloodstream.
2. To monitor central venous pressure (CVP), which can help assess a patient's volume status and cardiac function.
3. To draw blood samples for laboratory tests.
4. To deliver chemotherapy drugs or other medications that may be harmful to peripheral veins.
5. To provide access for hemodialysis or other long-term therapies.

The procedure requires careful attention to sterile technique to minimize the risk of infection, and it is usually performed under local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia. Complications of central venous catheterization may include bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), arterial puncture, and catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI).

Actinomycosis is a type of infection caused by bacteria that are normally found in the mouth, intestines, and female genital tract. These bacteria can cause abscesses or chronic inflammation if they infect body tissues, often after trauma or surgery. The infection typically affects the face, neck, or chest, and can spread to other parts of the body over time. Symptoms may include swelling, redness, pain, and the formation of pus-filled abscesses that may discharge a characteristic yellowish granular material called "sulfur granules." Treatment typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often requiring high doses and intravenous administration. Surgical drainage or removal of infected tissue may also be necessary in some cases.

The heart ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it to the lungs or the rest of the body. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Both ventricles have thick, muscular walls to generate the pressure necessary to pump blood through the circulatory system.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Post-infarction heart rupture is a serious and potentially fatal complication that can occur after a myocardial infarction (heart attack). It is defined as the disruption or tearing of the heart muscle (myocardium) in the area that was damaged by the heart attack. This condition typically occurs within 1 to 7 days following a heart attack, and it's more common in elderly patients and those with large infarctions.

There are three main types of post-infarction heart rupture:

1. Ventricular free wall rupture: This is the most common type, where there is a tear in the left ventricular wall, leading to rapid bleeding into the pericardial sac (the space surrounding the heart). This can cause cardiac tamponade, which is a life-threatening situation characterized by increased pressure in the pericardial sac, compromising cardiac filling and reducing cardiac output.

2. Ventricular septal rupture: In this case, there is a tear in the interventricular septum (the wall separating the left and right ventricles), leading to a communication between the two chambers. This results in a shunt of blood from the high-pressure left ventricle to the low-pressure right ventricle, causing a sudden increase in pulmonary congestion and reduced systemic output.

3. Papillary muscle rupture: The papillary muscles are finger-like projections that attach the heart valves (mitral and tricuspid) to the ventricular walls. Rupture of these muscles can lead to severe mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, causing acute pulmonary edema and reduced cardiac output.

Symptoms of post-infarction heart rupture may include chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of cardiogenic shock (such as cold sweats, weak pulse, and altered mental status). Diagnosis is typically made using echocardiography, CT angiography, or MRI. Treatment usually involves emergency surgical intervention to repair the rupture and stabilize the patient's hemodynamic condition.

Lymphangiomyoma is a rare, benign tumor that typically arises in the soft tissues of the body. It is composed of smooth muscle cells and lymphatic vessels. These tumors most commonly occur in the cervix, mediastinum, and retroperitoneum. They can cause various symptoms depending on their location, such as abdominal pain or distention, difficulty breathing, or abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Lymphangiomyomas are thought to arise from aberrant smooth muscle proliferation around lymphatic vessels. While they are generally considered benign, they can still cause problems due to their mass effect and potential for local invasion. Treatment typically involves surgical excision of the tumor.

It is important to note that while I strive to provide accurate information, my responses should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment.

A vitrectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of some or all of the vitreous humor, which is the clear gel-like substance filling the center of the eye. This surgery is often performed to treat various retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, macular hole, and vitreous hemorrhage.

During a vitrectomy, the ophthalmologist makes small incisions in the sclera (the white part of the eye) to access the vitreous cavity. The surgeon then uses specialized instruments to remove the cloudy or damaged vitreous and may also repair any damage to the retina or surrounding tissues. Afterward, a clear saline solution is injected into the eye to maintain its shape and help facilitate healing.

In some cases, a gas bubble or silicone oil may be placed in the eye after the vitrectomy to help hold the retina in place while it heals. These substances will gradually be absorbed or removed during follow-up appointments. The body naturally produces a new, clear vitreous to replace the removed material over time.

Vitrectomy is typically performed under local anesthesia and may require hospitalization or outpatient care depending on the individual case. Potential risks and complications include infection, bleeding, cataract formation, retinal detachment, and increased eye pressure. However, with proper care and follow-up, most patients experience improved vision after a successful vitrectomy procedure.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the movement of blood through it. They are caused by the vibration of the cardiac structures, such as the valves, walls, and blood vessels, during the cardiac cycle.

There are two normal heart sounds, often described as "lub-dub," that can be heard through a stethoscope. The first sound (S1) is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole, when the ventricles contract to pump blood out to the body and lungs. The second sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole, as the ventricles relax and the ventricular pressure decreases, allowing the valves to close.

Abnormal heart sounds, such as murmurs, clicks, or extra sounds (S3 or S4), may indicate cardiac disease or abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart. These sounds can be evaluated through a process called auscultation, which involves listening to the heart with a stethoscope and analyzing the intensity, pitch, quality, and timing of the sounds.

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a group of disorders that involve the abnormal production and accumulation of abnormal connective tissues in various parts of the body. Connective tissues are the structural materials that support and bind other tissues and organs together. They include tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fat, and the material that fills the spaces between cells, called the extracellular matrix.

Connective tissue diseases can affect many different systems in the body, including the skin, joints, muscles, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and blood vessels. Some CTDs are autoimmune disorders, meaning that the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy connective tissues. Others may be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors.

Some examples of connective tissue diseases include:

* Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
* Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
* Scleroderma
* Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis
* Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
* Sjogren's syndrome
* Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
* Marfan syndrome
* Osteogenesis imperfecta

The specific symptoms and treatment of connective tissue diseases vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, or manage pain. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs.

... , also known as pericardial tamponade (/ˌtæm.pəˈneɪd/), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial ... A further decrease of cardiac input and output is typical in phase III of the progression of cardiac tamponade. This is caused ... "Management of Cardiac Tamponade After Cardiac Surgery". Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. Elsevier BV. 26 (2 ... Cardiac tamponade is caused by a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion, i.e. the buildup of fluid inside the pericardium. ...
Becker AE, van Mantgem JP (1975). "Cardiac tamponade. A study of 50 hearts". Eur J Cardiol. 3 (4): 349-58. PMID 1193118. Becker ... Other causes of rupture include cardiac trauma, endocarditis (infection of the heart), cardiac tumors, infiltrative diseases of ... Yip HK, Wu CJ, Chang HW, Wang CP, Cheng CI, Chua S, Chen MC (2003). "Cardiac rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction ... Changes in Hospital Mortality Rates in 425 Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Rupure Over a 30- ...
Patients with cardiac tamponade are also given IV fluids and/or vasopressors to increase systemic blood pressure and cardiac ... Patients presenting with cardiac tamponade may also be evaluated for pulsus paradoxus. Pulsus paradoxus is a phenomenon in ... In cardiac tamponade, the pressure within the pericardium is significantly higher, hence decreasing the compliance of the ... If the effusion is compromising heart function and causing cardiac tamponade, it will need to be drained. Fluid can be drained ...
This is called cardiac tamponade. The chambers of the heart can collapse from this pressure. The right heart has thinner walls ... For example, tamponade prevents normal cardiac filling due to pressure compressing the heart. In this case, giving fluids can ... Cardiac tamponade is treated through needle or surgical decompression. Needle pericardiocentesis can be done at the bedside. ... A classic finding of cardiac tamponade is Beck's triad. The triad includes hypotension, jugular vein distension, and muffled ...
Hertzeanu, H; Almog, C; Algom, M (1983). "Cardiac tamponade in Dressler's syndrome. Case report". Cardiology. 70 (1): 31-6. doi ... It tends to subside in a few days, and very rarely leads to pericardial tamponade. Elevated ESR is an objective but nonspecific ... Heparin should be avoided because it can lead to hemorrhage into the pericardial sac, leading to tamponade. The only time ...
"Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 25 August 2021. "Hereditary ... exposure to cardiac toxins, sleep-disordered breathing (such as sleep apnea), sustained cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal ... Cardiac catheterization and biopsy: In this procedure, a catheter is inserted into the groin and threaded through the blood ... Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques create images of the heart for ...
Beg MH, Reyazuddin, Ansari MM (1988). "Traumatic tension Pneumomediastinum Mimicking Cardiac Tamponade". Thorax 43:576-677. doi ... Pneumomediastinum may also present with symptoms mimicking cardiac tamponade as a result of the increased intrapulmonary ... It is often recognized on auscultation by a "crunching" sound timed with the cardiac cycle (Hamman's crunch). ...
ISBN 978-1-4200-1976-6. Isselbacher, E. M.; Cigarroa, J. E.; Eagle, K. A. (1994). "Cardiac Tamponade Complicating Proximal ... causing cardiac tamponade. A pleural effusion (fluid collection in the space between the lungs and the chest wall or diaphragm ... Aneurysm leakage Cardiac tamponade Shock - obstructive shock Past history of myocardial infarction History of kidney failure ( ... Pericardial tamponade is the most common cause of death from AD. While the pain may be confused with that of a heart attack, AD ...
Those with cardiac tamponade, uncontrolled bleeding, or a persistent air leak from a chest tube all require surgery. Cardiac ... cardiac injury (pericardial tamponade), esophageal injury, and nervous system injury. Initial workup as outlined in the Workup ... Depending on the severity of the person's condition and if cardiac arrest is recent or imminent, the person may require ... In people with pericardial tamponade or tension pneumothorax, the chest should be evacuated or decompressed if possible prior ...
It is contraindicated in cardiac tamponade and restrictive cardiomyopathy. The inotropic agent dobutamine is advised only in ... Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) Study Investigators. (2005). "The effect of cardiac resynchronization on ... 10 October 2013). "Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure with a Narrow QRS Complex" (PDF). N Engl J Med. 369 (15 ... Mark DB, Anstrom KJ, Sun JL, Clapp-Channing NE, Tsiatis AA, Davidson-Ray L, Lee KL, Bardy GH; Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart ...
Complications can include cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis. Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of ... In such cases of cardiac tamponade, EKG or Holter monitor will then depict electrical alternans indicating wobbling of the ... Pericarditis can progress to pericardial effusion and eventually cardiac tamponade. This can be seen in people who are ... and progress to show signs of cardiac tamponade which include decreased alertness and lethargy, pulsus paradoxus (decrease of ...
In surgical medicine, he performed important pathophysiological studies of cardiac tamponade (herztamponade), a term he coined ... Ein Beitrag zur Herzchirurgie.(Heart tamponade, contributions to cardiac surgery) Vogel, Leipzig 1884. Delirium tremens und ... The British Journal of Homoeopathy edited by John James Drysdale et al Landmarks in Cardiac Surgery by Stephen Westaby, Cecil ...
... a large pericardial effusion may result in cardiac tamponade). costodiaphragmatic recess pericardial cavity epidural space ( ...
... can be used to diagnose and treat cardiac tamponade. Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency in which ... The removal of the excess fluid reverses this dangerous process, and is often the first treatment for cardiac tamponade due to ... This pressure can significantly hinder the ability of the heart to contract, leading to cardiac tamponade. If accumulation of ... Pericardiocentesis is not appropriate if cardiac tamponade is associated with aortic dissection. In this case, there is a high ...
Additional causes could also include tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. These conditions should be treated immediately ... Neuro flatline or brain death happens after cardiac arrest or cardiac flatline. It can take 2 to 20 seconds after cardiac ... Definition: A cardiac flatline is referred to as asystole. It can be identified by using an ECG/EKG (electrocardiogram) test. ... A cardiac flatline is also called asystole. It can possibly be generated by malfunction of the electrocardiography device, but ...
Patients with cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic compromise should have emergency pericardiocentesis.[citation needed] Cardiac ... It is seen in cardiac tamponade and severe pericardial effusion and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular ... For the most part however, the most serious condition to rule out is tamponade.[citation needed] Electrical alternans with ... Generally electrical alternans can be seen with tamponade, and narrow AV junctional reentrant tachycardia with an accessory ...
... and very rarely pericardial tamponade. Of these cardiac tamponade is the most life-threatening complication. The pericardial ... This causes equilibration of the pressure in all four heart chambers, and results in the common findings of the tamponade which ... If left untreated, severe decrease in cardiac output, vascular collapse, and hypoperfusion of body including the brain results ... There is also possibility of anti-cardiac antibodies created idiopathically, or due to concurrent cross-reactivity of the ...
A 2011 systematic review (without restriction in time or language), aiming to summarize all reported case of cardiac tamponade ... Ernst E, Zhang J (June 2011). "Cardiac tamponade caused by acupuncture: a review of the literature". International Journal of ... The same review concluded that cardiac tamponade was a serious, usually fatal, though theoretically avoidable complication ... On rare occasions adverse events were serious (e.g. cardiac rupture or hemoptysis); many might have been a result of ...
However such bulging does occur during cardiac tamponade where pressure equalizes between all of the chambers of the heart. As ... Pulsus paradoxus may not be seen with cardiac tamponade if an atrial septal defect or significant aortic regurgitation is also ... Pulsus paradoxus occurs not only with severe cardiac tamponade but also with asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and croup. The ... pericardial effusion, including cardiac tamponade cardiogenic shock Pulmonary: pulmonary embolism tension pneumothorax asthma ( ...
The purpose of the window is to allow a pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade to drain from the space surrounding the heart ... Pericardial window may be used to treat pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. It is the most common procedure to treat ... "Does posterior pericardial window technique prevent pericardial tamponade after cardiac surgery?". J Int Med Res. 42 (2): 416- ... A pericardial window is a cardiac surgical procedure to create a fistula - or "window" - from the pericardial space to the ...
This could be looking for cardiac tamponade and acute valve regurgitation. Often, this may include examination of other organ ... Other non-cardiac structures are visible in this view and some pathologies - such as ascites - can be observed. This view is ... Others are used in grading valve function (e.g., EROA, PISA). TTE can be useful for diagnosing many cardiac diseases. ... There are numerous indications for a TTE:[citation needed] Non-specific symptoms if cardiac etiology is suspected: Fatigue ...
"Effect of respiration on venous return and stroke volume in cardiac tamponade". British Heart Journal. 32 (5): 592-596. doi: ... Bruce, T. A.; Shillingford, J. P. (1962). "The Normal Resting Cardiac Output: Serial Determinations by a Dye Dilution Method". ...
Large and rapidly accumulating effusions may cause cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening complication, that puts pressure on ... This can also be used to treat pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. Pericardial fluid Britannica encyclopedia: ... Cardiac perforation, Cardiac trauma, Congestive heart failure, Pericarditis rupture of a ventricular aneurysm. ... Small effusions are not necessarily dangerous and are commonly caused by infection such as HIV or can occur after cardiac ...
"Hemodynamic effects of military anti-shock trousers (MAST) in experimental cardiac tamponade". Annals of Emergency Medicine. ...
Other causes of cardiac tamponade may also require surgical intervention, although emergent treatment at the bedside may be ... If it ruptures on the free wall, it will cause cardiac tamponade. If it ruptures on the intraventricular septum, it can create ... Acute pulmonary edema Other cardiac symptoms of heart failure include chest pain/pressure and palpitations. Common noncardiac ... also be determined whether the patient had a history of a repaired congenital heart disease as they often have complex cardiac ...
Acutely, it can cause pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade and death. After healing, there may be fibrosis and ... Chronic: Valve diseases as noted above; Reduced cardiac output; Exercise intolerance. Intensive cardiac care and ... Autoimmune heart diseases are the effects of the body's own immune defense system mistaking cardiac antigens as foreign and ... adhesion of the pericardium with the heart leading to constriction of the heart and reduced cardiac function. Myocarditis: Here ...
Cardiogenic shock may be due to a heart attack or cardiac contusion. Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a ... Cardiac tamponade in which fluid in the pericardium prevents inflow of blood into the heart (venous return). Constrictive ... The classic symptoms include a slow heart rate due to loss of cardiac sympathetic tone and warm skin due to dilation of the ... The first change seen in shock is increased cardiac output followed by a decrease in mixed venous oxygen saturation (SmvO2) as ...
During this test, she has cardiac tamponade - she bleeds around her heart. The team puts her on antiarrythmics. House notes ...
Cardiac tamponade presents with dyspnea, tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, and pulsus paradoxus. The gold standard ... Other important or common causes of shortness of breath include cardiac tamponade, anaphylaxis, interstitial lung disease, ... An electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes are important both for diagnosis and directing treatment. Treatment involves measures ... In 85% of cases it is due to asthma, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, COVID-19, interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure ...
mediastinal mass mediastinitis cardiac tamponade pericardial effusion thoracic vertebrae fractures in trauma patients. ... The starting of the cardiac plexus. The azygos vein arching over the right main bronchus and joining into the superior vena ... the phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph nodes of the central chest. The mediastinum lies ...
Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ˌtæm.pəˈneɪd/), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial ... A further decrease of cardiac input and output is typical in phase III of the progression of cardiac tamponade. This is caused ... "Management of Cardiac Tamponade After Cardiac Surgery". Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. Elsevier BV. 26 (2 ... Cardiac tamponade is caused by a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion, i.e. the buildup of fluid inside the pericardium. ...
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An unusual case of cardiac tamponade presenting to the emergency department is reported in a patient with sternal wire ...
Learn and reinforce your understanding of Cardiac tamponade. ... Beck triad (cardiac tamponade) p. 477, 725. Cardiac tamponade p ... Cardiac tamponade Videos, Flashcards, High Yield Notes, & Practice Questions. ... The name "cardiac tamponade" can be broken down: "tamponade" refers to pressure which obstructs blood flow, and "cardiac" ... leading to cardiac tamponade. In these situations, even a small volume-as little as 150 ml!-can lead to tamponade, because the ...
Cardiac Tamponade - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade People with cardiac tamponade may feel light-headed or short of breath. They may faint. They may ... Cardiac tamponade is pressure on the heart by blood or fluid that accumulates in the two-layered sac around the heart ( ... Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency. Doctors treat it immediately by using a needle to remove the blood or fluid from ...
Low pressure cardiac tamponade. / Al Bahrani, B. J.; Berry, M. P.; Singh, Y. et al. In: Medical Journal of Australia, Vol. 174 ... Al Bahrani, B. J., Berry, M. P., Singh, Y., & Taylor, D. (2001). Low pressure cardiac tamponade. Medical Journal of Australia, ... Al Bahrani BJ, Berry MP, Singh Y, Taylor D. Low pressure cardiac tamponade. Medical Journal of Australia. 2001 Jan 15;174(2): ... Al Bahrani, BJ, Berry, MP, Singh, Y & Taylor, D 2001, Low pressure cardiac tamponade, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 174 ...
Our expert doctor believed the client developed cardiac tamponade, a compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid ...
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Return to Article Details A rare case of cardiac tamponade due to tuberculosis Download Download PDF ...
A serious cardiac condition where blood, fluid, or air fill the pericardial sac that encases the heart - , causes extreme ... A serious cardiac condition where blood, fluid, or air fill the pericardial sac that encases the heart - , causes extreme ...
Cardiac tamponade is an emergency form of cardiac effusion. it is more over classified by the pathological causes. The ... American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cardiac tamponade classification All Images. X-rays. Echo & Ultrasound. CT Images. MRI ... The common basis of tamponade classification is the causative pathology which will be discussed in detail in causes section. ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cardiac_tamponade_classification&oldid=1595495" ...
Cardiac Tamponade During Uninterrupted Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Academic ... Giant Saphenous Vein Graft Pseudoaneurysm Rupture Presenting with Cardiac Tamponade Academic Article ... the gold standard for the management of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Academic Article ... Fatal Pericardial Tamponade After Wallstent Implantation for Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Academic Article ...
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Cardiac tamponade is a clinical syndrome caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, resulting in reduced ... encoded search term (Cardiac Tamponade) and Cardiac Tamponade What to Read Next on Medscape ... Cardiac Tamponade Medication. Updated: Jan 27, 2015 * Author: Chakri Yarlagadda, MD, FACC, FSCAI, FASNC, CCDS; Chief Editor: ... Cardiac tamponade in Still disease: a review of the literature. South Med J. 2009 Aug. 102(8):832-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
... we discussed a case of cardiac tamponade in a patient presenting with new-onset exertional dyspnea and low voltage QRS ... Cardiac Tamponade Case Presentation:. In our #AMReport at @WCHospital (or #WCHMorningReport), we discussed a case of cardiac ... Etiologies of Cardiac Tamponade:. *Acute tamponade: ventricular rupture (secondary to trauma, myocardial infarction or ... Roy, CL; Minor, MA; Brookhart, A; Choudhry, N. Does This Patient With a Pericardial Effusion Have Cardiac Tamponade? JAMA. 2007 ...
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The image reveals a heart with developing cardiac tamponade showing how the increased blood volume results in a painful ... anterior, aorta, aortic, arc, arch, arched, arches, arching, arcs, branch, branches, cardiac, cardial, cardio, cardiology, ... coronary, front, frontal, heart, hearts, laryngeal, myocardial, myocardium, nerve, nerves, phrenic, recurrent, tamponade, vagus ...
In this video, we are going to cover pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, as well as cardiomyopathy. Be sure to stay till the end ... Next up, we have a cardiac tamponade, which is the accumulation of fluid in that pericardial sac, and that puts pressure on the ... And then in terms of nursing care, were going to want to monitor for complications such as a cardiac tamponade, which Im ... If we see that electrical alternans, then that would be indicative of cardiac tamponade. In addition, we can use a chest X-ray ...
Diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade. In this article we will discuss the Diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade ... CT or MRI: Cardiac CT or MRI may be necessary to diagnose loculated effusion responsible for cardiac tamponade ... Cardiac tamponade should be suspected in a patient who appears to be in shock but has high jugular venous pressure and ... In this article, we will discuss the Diagnosis of Cardiac Tamponade. So, lets get started. ...
... will usually present with hypotension, muffling of heart sounds, and accentuated neck veins. Because cardiac ... Cardiac Tamponade (Roses Tamponade): Read more about Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications, Causes and Prognosis. ... tamponade is a medical emergency, immediate attempts to evacuate the blood from the pericardium is of utmost priority to avoid ... Cardiac tamponade is clinically defined as the accumulation of fluid such as blood in the pericardial sac which alters cardiac ...
Postoperative cardiac tamponade in the modern surgical era.. Jeffrey T Kuvin, Nibal A Harati, Natesa G Pandian, Robert M Bojar ... BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusions resulting in cardiac tamponade (CT) are uncommon after open heart surgery (OHS) and are ...
Cardiac Tamponade: Niteesh K. Choudhry, MD, PhD, discusses the clinical examination for cardiac tamponade.. ...
Cardiac perforation and tamponade. Hemopericardium is the main complication of BMV and is seen in 1% of patients. The ... Mortality has been reported in 1-2% and is mainly due to cardiac tamponade or the poor underlying condition of the patients [27 ... Cardiac catheterization, aside from guiding the procedure, is indicated when echocardiography is nondiagnostic. It is not ... The following inflammatory and hemodynamic changes involving the cardiac valves insulted by the acute RF could result in long- ...
Cardiac Tamponade and/or Pericardiocentesis Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation INACTIVE REVIEW: This measure review is ... Rate of cardiac tamponade and/or pericardiocentesis following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation ... cardiac valve surgery, or cardiac transplantation, or who have chronic stable angina (CSA) and have not already participated in ... cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA), or cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) performed in low risk surgery patients 18 ...
Cardiac tamponade due to spontaneous rupture of large coronary artery aneurysm. Satoshi Kimura, Kazuyuki Miyamoto, Yasutaka ... Cardiac tamponade due to spontaneous rupture of large coronary artery aneurysm. In: Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. ... Cardiac tamponade due to spontaneous rupture of large coronary artery aneurysm. / Kimura, Satoshi; Miyamoto, Kazuyuki; Ueno, ... A 70-year-old woman admitted with chest pain went into shock due to cardiac tamponade; 1000 mL of blood was drained from her ...
Cardiac tamponade: This can happen when too much fluid builds up in the sac around your heart-known as the pericardium. Cardiac ... This phenomenon is known as low cardiac output. Some other causes of narrow pulse pressure may include:. *. Heart failure: Your ...
... that presented as acute pericardial tamponade. After initial investigation and transthoracic echocardiography, emergent ... acute cardiac tamponade;hydatid disease;pericardium 1. Introduction. Echinococcosis is an important worldwide parasitic ... Presentation of pericardial hydatid cyst as acute cardiac tamponade. A. Bogdanovic, . Milan Radojkovic, R. Tomasevic, . Ivan ... Presentation of pericardial hydatid cyst as acute cardiac tamponade. A. Bogdanovic, . Milan Radojkovic, R. Tomasevic, . Ivan ...
Harvey, K., Musso, J., & Sigal, A. (2019). Cardiac Tamponade in an Intravenous Drug Abuser. Retrieved from https:// ...
Cardiac tamponade is an extremely rare complication of radical nephrectomy. However, any procedure that involves opening of the ... pericardium does carry a risk of bleeding and therefore cardiac tamponade, particularly in the context of post-operative full ... We present an unusual case of pericardial tamponade occurring subsequent to a radical right nephrectomy performed entirely ... described cardiac tamponade, suggested to be due to treatment with Sunitinib causing a possible complication of cardiac ...
Cardiac tamponade. *. Embolism caused by blood clots at the tip of the catheter ... Cardiac index is 2.8 to 4.2 liters per minute per square meter (of body surface area) ... Kern MJ, Seto AH, Hermann J. Invasive hemodynamic diagnosis of cardiac disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, ... Kerns Cardiac Catheterization Handbook. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 4. ...
  • This commonly occurs as a result of chest trauma (both blunt and penetrating), but can also be caused by myocardial infarction, myocardial rupture, cancer (most often Hodgkin lymphoma), uremia, pericarditis, or cardiac surgery, and rarely occurs during retrograde aortic dissection, or while the person is taking anticoagulant therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this video, we are going to cover pericarditis , cardiac tamponade , as well as cardiomyopathy . (leveluprn.com)
  • Cai, Q 2020, ' Streptococcus anginosus purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade after coronary artery bypass surgery ', BMJ Case Reports , vol. 13, no. 8, 235862. (utmb.edu)
  • The patient who has acute, rapid bleeding with cardiac tamponade appears critically ill and in shock. (symptoma.com)
  • Cardiac involvement is the most important manifestation of RF and mainly presents an acute endocarditis and valvulitis. (intechopen.com)
  • The following inflammatory and hemodynamic changes involving the cardiac valves insulted by the acute RF could result in long-standing rheumatic heart disease (RHD). (intechopen.com)
  • We report a case of a 47-year-old man with isolated pericardial hydatid cyst (without myocardial involvement) that presented as acute pericardial tamponade. (scipedia.com)
  • Zoran Rancic, Presentation of pericardial hydatid cyst as acute cardiac tamponade, Asian Journal of Surgery (2017). (scipedia.com)
  • As little as 100 mL of pericardial fluid can increase intrapericardial pressure enough to develop cardiac tamponade in the acute setting. (emdocs.net)
  • Signs of cardiac tamponade typically include those of cardiogenic shock including shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, cough and those of Beck's triad e.g. jugular vein distention, quiet heart sounds and hypotension. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac tamponade will usually present with hypotension , muffling of heart sounds, and accentuated neck veins. (symptoma.com)
  • These patients often develop frequent ascites and present with clinical signs and symptoms similar to cardiac tamponade (tachycardia, hypotension and dyspnea ). (symptoma.com)
  • At this point, diastolic filling of the right ventricle is impaired, resulting in decreased cardiac output and hypotension [5]. (emdocs.net)
  • At physical examination the patient presented the Back's triad: jugular turgor, hypotension and reduced heart sounds, these are signs suggestive of cardiac tamponade. (annexpublishers.co)
  • The physical signs of low cardiac output with silent heart, enlarged area of dullness further strengthen the diagnosis which is confirmed by demonstrating the fluid in the pericardial sac on echocardiography. (ptmasterguide.com)
  • Echocardiography showed a large pericardial effusion with evidence of tamponade. (utmb.edu)
  • Cardiac tamponade can also happen a few days after a myocardial infarction , because the weak, infarcted ventricular wall ruptures when it's exposed to the high ventricular pressures. (osmosis.org)
  • Triage strategy for urgent management of cardiac tamponade: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. (medscape.com)
  • If the aortic dissection ruptures through the wall of the aorta and through the fibrous pericardium, blood can spill right into the pericardial cavity, leading to cardiac tamponade . (osmosis.org)
  • Major complicated cardiac surgeries (aortic dissection, surgeries involving mechanical circulatory support (ECMO or Ventricular assist devices). (who.int)
  • The core echocardiographic findings of pericardial tamponade consist of: a pericardial effusion, diastolic right ventricular collapse (high specificity), systolic right atrial collapse (earliest sign), a plethoric inferior vena cava with minimal respiratory variation (high sensitivity), and exaggerated respiratory cycle changes in mitral and tricuspid valve in-flow velocities as a surrogate for pulsus paradoxus. (nih.gov)
  • The phenomenon of ventricular interdependence explains the clinical findings of cardiac tamponade. (emdocs.net)
  • Cardiac output can be maintained, provided the right ventricular pressure exceeds the right atrial pressure. (emdocs.net)
  • In our #AMReport at @WCHospital (or #WCHMorningReport ), we discussed a case of cardiac tamponade in a patient presenting with new-onset exertional dyspnea and low voltage QRS complexes on ECG. (wchcmr.org)
  • This is a case of LCA discovered incidentally in an 81-year-old woman admitted to our hospital for dyspnea due to cardiac tamponade. (annexpublishers.co)
  • Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ËŒtæm.pəˈneɪd/), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac tamponade is caused by a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion, i.e. the buildup of fluid inside the pericardium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The syndrome of cardiac tamponade with "small" pericardial effusion. (medscape.com)
  • Iatrogenic pericardial effusion and tamponade in the percutaneous intracardiac intervention era. (medscape.com)
  • Does this patient with a pericardial effusion have cardiac tamponade? (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac tamponade is an emergency form of cardiac effusion. (wikidoc.org)
  • Tamponade is the emergency form of pericardial effusion. (wikidoc.org)
  • Echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis - the gold standard for the management of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. (mcmaster.ca)
  • What echocardiographic findings suggest a pericardial effusion is causing tamponade? (nih.gov)
  • A pericardial effusion uncovered on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may be mistaken for tamponade and thereby lead to inappropriate and invasive management with pericardiocentesis. (nih.gov)
  • Pericardial effusion with possible cardiac tamponade. (emdocs.net)
  • Pathophysiologic etiologies can be predictive of disease progression from effusion to tamponade. (emdocs.net)
  • In patients with a hemodynamically significant effusion, patient present with signs and symptoms of impaired cardiac function [3]. (emdocs.net)
  • Filariasis presenting as pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade is rare. (ijoimr.com)
  • Mishra, D. A. B., Pandit, D. V. and Biswal, D. S. (2023) "An Unusual Case of Hemorrhagic Filarial Pericardial Effusion Presenting as Cardiac Tamponade", International Journal of Integrated Medical Research , 10(03), pp. 69-72. (ijoimr.com)
  • A 25 year old male came to Acharya Vinoba bhave hospital sawangi meghe, wardha with the chief complaint of swelling over left supra clavicular region since 10 months, breathlessness since one and half month, cough and mucus expert rate since one and half month after all the investigation he is diagnosed as the pleural effusion with cardiac tamponade with pigtail catheter with the small lymphocytic lymphoma with the hepatosplenomegaly. (jrmds.in)
  • It can also be done in special procedure areas such as a cardiac catheterization laboratory. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cardiac Catheterization (incl. (sharecare.com)
  • Systemic blood pressure in cardiac tamponade is temporarily maintained by the sympathetic nervous system via tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction. (emdocs.net)
  • Spectrum of hemodynamic changes in cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Gold MM, Spindola-Franco H, Jain VR, Spevack DM, Haramati LB. Coronary sinus compression: an early computed tomographic sign of cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Patients presenting with low blood pressure while in cardiac tamponade are unable to exhibit the Kussmaul sign, jugular venous distention, and pulsus paradoxus due to the hypovolemic state of the system. (symptoma.com)
  • Even blunt trauma like a steering wheel getting pushed into your chest during a car crash can lead to tamponade, because the force of the impact causes the rupture of lots of small blood vessels. (osmosis.org)
  • A rare cause is heart surgery, where, once again, a weakened muscle can rupture and cause cardiac tamponade days after the operation. (osmosis.org)
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential because cardiac tamponade can be rapidly fatal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1 Cardiac hydatid cysts are mostly intramyocardial and are usually located in the left ventricle, followed by the interventricular septum and the right ventricle. (scipedia.com)
  • Postoperative cardiac tamponade in the modern surgical era. (qxmd.com)
  • Although cardiac surgeons understand the benefit of closing the pericardium to avoid injury of the heart when they are required to perform second operations, which currently represents one in five cardiac surgical procedures, many surgeons are hesitant to close the pericardium for fear that immediate postoperative cardiac bleeding might compress the heart. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
  • Cardiac tamponade is defined as the accumulation of massive volumes of pericardial fluid in the heart, resulting in abrupt heart failure. (jrmds.in)
  • Tachypnea - This is a compensatory reaction of the lungs to oxygenate the blood in the advent of a decreasing cardiac output . (symptoma.com)
  • Our expert doctor believed the client developed cardiac tamponade, a compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) and the pericardium (the outer covering sac of the heart), because the client's mediastinal chest tube became obstructed. (caringlawyers.com)
  • So in cardiac tamponade there's a buildup of fluid in the pericardium , and that fluid puts pressure on the outside of the heart. (osmosis.org)
  • can lead to tamponade, because the pericardium doesn't have time to stretch and accommodate it. (osmosis.org)
  • Cardiac tamponade is pressure on the heart by blood or fluid that accumulates in the two-layered sac around the heart (pericardium). (msdmanuals.com)
  • In cardiac tamponade, fluid or blood accumulates between the two layers of the pericardium, which then tightly squeezes the heart. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency, immediate attempts to evacuate the blood from the pericardium is of utmost priority to avoid mortality and further morbidity. (symptoma.com)
  • However, any procedure that involves opening of the pericardium does carry a risk of bleeding and therefore cardiac tamponade, particularly in the context of post-operative full anticoagulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study found there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac tamponade when using CorMatrix ECM to form a water-tight seal of the pericardium following cardiac surgery. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
  • Sagristà-Sauleda J, Angel J, Sambola A, Alguersuari J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Low-pressure cardiac tamponade: clinical and hemodynamic profile. (medscape.com)
  • Petcu DP, Petcu C, Popescu CF, Bataiosu C, Alexandru D. Clinical and cytological correlations in pericardial effusions with cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac Tamponade: Niteesh K. Choudhry, MD, PhD, discusses the clinical examination for cardiac tamponade. (mhmedical.com)
  • Pericardial tamponade is neither a clinical nor an echocardiographic diagnosis alone. (nih.gov)
  • In tamponade physiology, this decrease in stroke volume is exaggerated and is responsible for the clinical finding of pulsus paradoxus (discussed later) [2, 5, 7]. (emdocs.net)
  • In the clinical trials analyzed to date, differences in the incidence of stent thrombosis have not been associated with an increased risk of cardiac death, MI, or all-cause mortality. (bostonscientific.com)
  • This narrative review will summarize the echocardiographic findings and associated pathophysiology that support the diagnosis of pericardial tamponade. (nih.gov)
  • The emergency physician must recognize and understand the core echocardiographic findings and associated pathophysiology that suggest pericardial tamponade. (nih.gov)
  • Cardiac tamponade occurs when the intrapericardial pressures have increased to the point where they are equal to or greater than the intracardiac pressures. (emdocs.net)
  • Death usually occurs from cardiac tamponade or other cardiorespiratory complications. (medscape.com)
  • One of the most common settings for cardiac tamponade is in the first 7 days after heart surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a chest tube becomes occluded or clogged, the blood that should be drained can accumulate around the heart, leading to tamponade. (wikipedia.org)
  • The name " cardiac tamponade " can be broken down: "tamponade" refers to pressure which obstructs blood flow , and "cardiac" refers to the heart. (osmosis.org)
  • that tear the wall of the heart can cause tamponade, but many people with such injuries die before they can be brought for medical treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • By stimulating beta-1 receptors in the heart, these agents increase stroke volume and cardiac output. (medscape.com)
  • The image reveals a heart with developing cardiac tamponade showing how the increased blood volume results in a painful compression of the phrenic and laryngeal nerve branches. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • Next up, we have a cardiac tamponade , which is the accumulation of fluid in that pericardial sac, and that puts pressure on the heart such that blood flow is impaired and we have a decrease in cardiac output. (leveluprn.com)
  • Diminished or muffled heart sounds - This auscultatory finding is observable in cardiac tamponade patients due to the displacement of the heart secondary to the fluid accumulation . (symptoma.com)
  • Pericardial effusions resulting in cardiac tamponade (CT) are uncommon after open heart surgery (OHS) and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. (qxmd.com)
  • Tamponade of the heart is a potentially fatal medical condition in which blood or fluids fill the space between the heart's sac and the muscle [ 7 ]. (jrmds.in)
  • Cardiac ablation is a procedure that is used to scar small areas in your heart that may be involved in your heart rhythm problems . (adam.com)
  • Cardiac ablation is used to treat certain heart rhythm problems that medicines are not controlling. (adam.com)
  • According to Reddy and co-authors, cardiac tamponade and its progression can be described in 3 different phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • A further decrease of cardiac input and output is typical in phase III of the progression of cardiac tamponade. (wikipedia.org)
  • The echocardiogram carries diagnostic value and should be performed when there is suspicion for tamponade based on the history and physical exam. (nih.gov)
  • It can develop into cardiac tamponade depending on how much fluid there is and how quickly that fluid accumulates. (osmosis.org)
  • Cardiac tamponade is clinically defined as the accumulation of fluid such as blood in the pericardial sac which alters cardiac filling. (symptoma.com)
  • And then in terms of nursing care , we're going to want to monitor for complications such as a cardiac tamponade, which I'm going to talk about next. (leveluprn.com)
  • This results in a decrease in cardiac input and output. (wikipedia.org)
  • Does more than a single chest tube for mediastinal drainage affect outcomes after cardiac surgery? (medscape.com)
  • This type of cardiac tamponade is clinically referred to as low pressure tamponade occurring in 20% of all cardiac tamponade cases [6]. (symptoma.com)
  • An unusual case of cardiac tamponade presenting to the emergency department is reported in a patient with sternal wire disruption after a pectus excavatum repair two years previously. (bmj.com)
  • Re-exploration for bleeding or tamponade after cardiac surgery: impact of timing and indication on outcome. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiac tamponade in medical patients: a 10-year follow-up survey. (medscape.com)
  • Ikematsu Y. Incidence and characteristics of dysphoria in patients with cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Sagristà-Sauleda J, Angel J, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G. Hemodynamic effects of volume expansion in patients with cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Dysphoria - This is a restless behavior exhibited by patients with cardiac tamponade as reaction to impending death [5]. (symptoma.com)
  • All cardiac valves could be involved in patients with RHD. (intechopen.com)
  • Cardiac tamponade may occur in up to 50% of patients with malignant, tuberculous, or bacterial disease while only 10-15% of patients with idiopathic etiologies progress to tamponade physiology [2-4]. (emdocs.net)
  • Cardiac tamponade should be suspected in a patient who appears to be in shock but has high jugular venous pressure and distended neck veins. (ptmasterguide.com)
  • 3) How and when should we monitor stroke volume or cardiac output in shock? (springer.com)
  • The common basis of tamponade classification is the causative pathology which will be discussed in detail in causes section. (wikidoc.org)
  • In addition, the study demonstrated that the ECM technology does not increase the incidence of cardiac tamponade and does not cause bypass grafts to 'kink' and close postoperatively. (cardiacrhythmnews.com)
  • Endoscopic treatment for delayed cardiac tamponade. (medscape.com)
  • Continuation of combination treatment with aspirin and a P2Y 12 inhibitor after PCI appears to reduce major adverse cardiac events. (bostonscientific.com)