Evidence of natural hybridization and introgression between Vasconcellea species (Caricaceae) from southern Ecuador revealed by chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. (1/1)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vasconcellea x heilbornii is believed to be of natural hybrid origin between V. cundinamarcensis and V. stipulata, and is often difficult to discriminate from V. stipulata on morphological grounds. The aim of this paper is to examine individuals of these three taxa and of individuals from the closely related species V. parviflora and V. weberbaueri, which all inhabit a hybrid zone in southern Ecuador. METHODS: Molecular data from mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear DNA from 61 individuals were analysed. KEY RESULTS: Molecular analysis confirmed occasional contemporary hybridization between V. stipulata, V. cundinamarcensis and V. x heilbornii and suggested the possible involvement of V. weberbaueri in the origin of V. x heilbornii. In addition, the molecular data indicated unidirectional introgression of the V. cundinamarcensis nuclear genome into that of V. stipulata. Several of the individuals examined with morphology similar to that of V. stipulata had genetic traces of hybridization with V. cundinamarcensis, which only seems to act as pollen donor in interspecific hybridization events. Molecular analyses also strongly suggested that most of the V. x heilbornii individuals are not F(1) hybrids but instead are progeny of repeated backcrosses with V. stipulata. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study point to the need for re-evaluation of natural populations of V. stipulata and V. x heilbornii. In general, this analysis demonstrates the complex patterns of genetic and morphological diversity found in natural plant hybrid zones. (+info)Caricaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes several genera and species, the most notable of which is probably *Carica papaya*, the papaya or pawpaw tree. It belongs to the order Brassicales, which contains other economically important plant families such as Brassicaceae (mustards and cabbages) and Capparaceae (caper family).
The plants in Caricaceae are primarily found in tropical regions of the Americas, with a few species occurring in Africa. They are characterized by their simple, alternate leaves and distinctive flowers, which often have five distinct sepals and petals. The fruits of these plants can vary widely in size, shape, and color, but they typically contain numerous small seeds.
In addition to papaya, other economically important species in Caricaceae include *Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis*, which is used for its starchy roots, and *Jacaratia spinosa*, whose fruit is eaten in some parts of South America.
"Carica" is a genus name that refers to a group of plants commonly known as papayas. The most widely cultivated and well-known species in this genus is Carica papaya, which is native to Central America and southern Mexico. This plant produces large, edible fruits that are rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin A, and potassium.
The fruit of the Carica papaya tree is often used for its medicinal properties, including its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. The leaves, stems, and roots of the plant also have various traditional uses in different cultures, such as treating wounds, reducing fever, and alleviating symptoms of digestive disorders.
It's worth noting that while Carica papaya has been studied for its potential health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and safety profile. As with any treatment or supplement, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider before using Carica papaya for medicinal purposes.