Inulin
Echinops Plant
Chicory
Shiitake Mushrooms
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi
Phloroglucinol
Plant Roots
Betula
Sesquiterpenes
Plant Leaves
Conjunctivitis
Plant Extracts
beta-Fructofuranosidase
Glucosides
Biota
Expressed Sequence Tags
Fatty Acids, Volatile
RNA, Plant
Tissue Culture Techniques
Ileum
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Plant Proteins
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Seasons
Feces
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Molecular Sequence Data
Cloning, Molecular
Gene Expression Profiling
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Centaurea
Taraxacum
Asteraceae
Encyclopedias as Topic
Conyza
Plant fructans stabilize phosphatidylcholine liposomes during freeze-drying. (1/73)
Fructans have been implicated as protective agents in the drought and freezing tolerance of many plant species. A direct proof of their ability to stabilize biological structures under stress conditions, however, is still lacking. Here we show that inulins (linear fructose polymers) isolated from chicory roots and dahlia tubers stabilize egg phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles during freeze-drying, while another polysaccharide, hydroxyethyl starch, was completely ineffective. Liposome stability was assessed after rehydration by measuring retention of the soluble fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein and bilayer fusion. Inulin was an especially effective stabilizer in combination with glucose. Analysis by HPLC showed that the commercial inulin preparations used in our study contained no low molecular mass sugars that could be responsible for the observed stabilizing effect of the fructans. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a reduction of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature of dry egg PtdCho by more than 20 degrees C in the presence of inulin. A direct interaction of inulin with the phospholipid in the dry state was also indicated by dramatic differences in the phosphate asymmetric stretch region of the infrared spectrum between samples with and without the polysaccharide. (+info)Fn-type chicory inulin hydrolysate has a prebiotic effect in humans. (2/73)
The partial enzymatic hydrolysis of chicory inulin (GFn; 2 < or =n < or =60) yields an oligofructose preparation that is composed of both GFn-type and Fn-type oligosaccharides (2 < or =n < or =7; 2 < or =m < or =7), where G is glucose, F is fructose, and n is the number of beta(2-->1) bound fructose moieties. Human studies have shown that feeding GFn-type oligomers significantly modifies the composition of the fecal microflora especially by increasing the number of bifidobacteria. The experiments reported here were used to test the hypothesis that the Fn-type molecules have the same property. During a controlled feeding study, 8 volunteers (5 females and 3 males) consumed 8 g/d of an Fn-rich product for up to 5 wk. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for total anaerobes, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, coliforms and Clostridium perfringens. Both 2 and 5 wk of oligofructose feeding resulted in a selective increase in bifidobacteria (P<0.01). In addition, a daily intake of 8 g of the Fn-type oligofructose preparation reduced fecal pH and caused little intestinal discomfort. (+info)Nitrate assimilation in chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) which acquire radial growth. (3/73)
Nitrate assimilation was analysed in chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Turbo) during the early vegetative growth. Nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) was measured in roots and leaves at different developmental stages. During phase I, which corresponds to the structural growth (21-42 DAS), nitrate reduction mainly occurred in the roots. At the onset of the tuber formation (phase II), which is characterized by the formation of a cambium inducing a radial growth (42-63 DAS), NRA rapidly decreased in roots and developed in leaves. A tight correlation was found between the nitrate content, the amino acid level and NRA in roots and leaves. Northern blot and ELISA analysis showed that both levels of NR mRNA and NR protein were not modified during the time-course of the experiment suggesting that modification of nitrate assimilation was not controlled at a transcriptional level. In vitro NRA assayed in presence of either Mg2+ ions or EDTA showed that NR was influenced at least in part by a reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reaction. Okadaic acid, a serine-threonine protein phosphatases inhibitor, strongly decreased NRA. Conversely, staurosporine, a serine-threonine protein kinases inhibitor, did not significantly change NRA in roots or leaves. Therefore, NRA was regulated at a post-translational level during the early vegetative growth by modifying the phosphorylation balance of the NR protein in chicory. (+info)Relative effects on virulence of mutations in the sap, pel, and hrp loci of Erwinia chrysanthemi. (4/73)
We constructed strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 with multiple mutations involving three virulence systems in this bacterium, namely pel (coding for the major pectate lyases pelABCE), hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), and sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides). The relative effects on virulence of those mutations have been analyzed on potato tubers and chicory leaves. In potato tubers, the sap mutation (BT105) had a greater effect in the reduction of the virulence than the pel (CUCPB5006) and hrp (CUCPB5039) mutations. This reduction was similar to that observed in the pel-hrp double mutant (CUCPB5037). The analysis of the strains affected in Pel-Sap (BT106), Hrp-Sap (BT107), and Pel-Hrp-Sap (BT108) suggested that the effects of these mutations are additive. In chicory leaves, the mutation in the sap locus appeared to have a greater effect than in potato tubers. The competitive indices of strains BT105, UM1005 (Pel-), CUCPB5039, and CUCPB5037 have been estimated in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that the mutation in the hrp locus can be complemented in vivo by coinfection, whereas the mutations in pel and sap cannot. (+info)Biosynthesis of germacrene A carboxylic acid in chicory roots. Demonstration of a cytochrome P450 (+)-germacrene a hydroxylase and NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase(s) involved in sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis. (5/73)
Sprouts of chicory (Cichorium intybus), a vegetable grown in the dark, have a slightly bitter taste associated with the presence of guaianolides, eudesmanolides, and germacranolides. The committed step in the biosynthesis of these compounds is catalyzed by a (+)-germacrene A synthase. Formation of the lactone ring is the postulated next step in biosynthesis of the germacrene-derived sesquiterpene lactones. The present study confirms this hypothesis by isolation of enzyme activities from chicory roots that introduce a carboxylic acid function in the germacrene A isopropenyl side chain, which is necessary for lactone ring formation. (+)-germacrene A is hydroxylated to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol by a cytochrome P450 enzyme, and is subsequently oxidized to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid by NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase(s). Both oxidized germacrenes were detected as their Cope-rearrangement products elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol and elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid, respectively. The cyclization products of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, i.e. costol, were also observed. The (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase is inhibited by carbon monoxide (blue-light reversible), has an optimum pH at 8.0, and hydroxylates beta-elemene with a modest degree of enantioselectivity. (+info)Osmoregulated periplasmic glucan synthesis is required for Erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenicity. (6/73)
Erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium causing soft rot disease in a wide range of plants. Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are intrinsic components of the gram-negative bacterial envelope. We cloned the opgGH operon of E. chrysanthemi, encoding proteins involved in the glucose backbone synthesis of OPGs, by complementation of the homologous locus mdoGH of Escherichia coli. OpgG and OpgH show a high level of similarity with MdoG and MdoH, respectively, and mutations in the opgG or opgH gene abolish OPG synthesis. The opg mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including overproduction of exopolysaccharides, reduced motility, bile salt hypersensitivity, reduced protease, cellulase, and pectate lyase production, and complete loss of virulence. Coinoculation experiments support the conclusion that OPGs present in the periplasmic space of the bacteria are necessary for growth in the plant host. (+info)Defoliation induces fructan 1-exohydrolase II in Witloof chicory roots. Cloning and purification of two isoforms, fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa and fructan 1-exohydrolase IIb. Mass fingerprint of the fructan 1-exohydrolase II enzymes. (7/73)
The cloning of two highly homologous chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum cv Flash) fructan 1-exohydrolase cDNAs (1-FEH IIa and 1-FEH IIb) is described. Both isoenzymes could be purified from forced chicory roots as well as from the etiolated "Belgian endive" leaves where the 1-FEH IIa isoform is present in higher concentrations. Full-length cDNAs were obtained by a combination of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR and 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends using primers based on N-terminal and conserved amino acid sequences. 1-FEH IIa and 1-FEH IIb cDNA-derived amino acid sequences are most homologous to a new group of plant glycosyl hydrolases harboring cell wall-type enzymes with acid isoelectric points. Unlike the observed expression profiles of chicory 1-FEH I, northern analysis revealed that 1-FEH II is expressed when young chicory plants are defoliated, suggesting that this enzyme can be induced at any developmental stage when large energy supplies are necessary (regrowth after defoliation). (+info)A glutathione S-transferase cDNA identified by mRNA differential display is upregulated during somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium. (8/73)
CHI-GST1, a cDNA encoding a glutathione S-transferase, was isolated by differential display in leaf tissues of chicory, during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Expression analysis of the gene by Northern blot indicated that the transcript accumulation is specific of the leaf developing somatic embryogenesis and is not observed in leaf tissue of the non-embryogenic cultivar. (+info)Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and have the molecular formula C15H24. They are naturally occurring organic compounds that are synthesized by a variety of plants, insects, and other organisms. Sesquiterpenes play important roles in plant defense and communication, and some have been found to have medicinal properties.
Germacrane is a particular type of sesquiterpene that contains a specific carbon skeleton. It is a bicyclic compound with a five-membered ring fused to a seven-membered ring. Germacrane and its derivatives are found in various essential oils and have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities.
Fructans are a type of carbohydrate known as oligosaccharides, which are made up of chains of fructose molecules. They are found in various plants, including wheat, onions, garlic, and artichokes. Some people may have difficulty digesting fructans due to a lack of the enzyme needed to break them down, leading to symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and stomach pain. This condition is known as fructan intolerance or fructose malabsorption. Fructans are also considered a type of FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols), which are short-chain carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed by the body and may cause digestive symptoms in some individuals.
Inulin is a soluble fiber that is not digestible by human enzymes. It is a fructan, a type of carbohydrate made up of chains of fructose molecules, and is found in various plants such as chicory root, Jerusalem artichokes, and onions.
Inulin has a number of potential health benefits, including promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut (prebiotic effect), slowing down the absorption of sugar to help regulate blood glucose levels, and increasing feelings of fullness to aid in weight management. It is often used as a functional food ingredient or dietary supplement for these purposes.
Inulin can also be used as a diagnostic tool in medical testing to measure kidney function, as it is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Echinops plants, also known as globe thistles, are a genus of prickly, herbaceous plants that belong to the family Asteraceae. The name Echinops comes from the Greek words echinos (hedgehog) and ops (face), which refers to the spiky appearance of the plant's flowers.
Globe thistles are native to Europe, Asia, and eastern Africa, and they typically grow in dry, rocky habitats. The plants can reach heights of up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) and have deeply lobed, gray-green leaves that are covered in stiff hairs.
The most distinctive feature of Echinops plants is their large, round flower heads, which are composed of numerous small florets that are surrounded by spiky bracts. The flowers can be blue, purple, or white and appear in the summer and fall.
Echinops plants have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. However, it's important to note that some parts of the plant, particularly the spines, can be irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, so they should be handled with care.
Chicory is a plant species with the scientific name Cichorium intybus. It is a perennial herb that is native to Europe and parts of Asia, but has been naturalized in many other regions of the world, including North America. Chicory is known for its blue or lavender flowers and its long, tapering leaves.
In addition to being used as an ornamental plant, chicory has a number of medicinal uses. The roots and leaves of the plant contain various compounds that have been found to have potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and diuretic properties. Chicory is also sometimes used as a coffee substitute or additive, due to the fact that it contains certain compounds that can mimic the taste of coffee.
It's important to note that while chicory has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, more research is needed to fully understand its potential health benefits and risks. As with any herbal remedy or supplement, it's always a good idea to talk to your doctor before using chicory, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking any medications.
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are not a medical term, but rather a type of edible mushroom that is commonly used in cooking and has been studied for potential medicinal properties. Here's a brief description:
Shiitake mushrooms are native to East Asia and are widely cultivated and consumed in many countries, including Japan, China, and Korea. They have a distinctive brown cap, a firm texture, and a rich, earthy flavor. Shiitake mushrooms contain various bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, terpenoids, and sterols, which are believed to contribute to their potential health benefits. Some of the reported medicinal properties include immunomodulatory, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and establish the optimal dosage and safety profiles for different applications.
It's important to note that while shiitake mushrooms can be a healthy addition to a balanced diet, they should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment or professional advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for any health concerns or conditions.
"Pectobacterium chrysanthemi" is a species of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes soft rot disease in a wide range of plants, including ornamental and vegetable crops. The bacterium produces pectolytic enzymes that break down pectin, a major component of plant cell walls, leading to maceration and rotting of the plant tissue. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated seeds, soil, and water, and can cause significant economic losses in agriculture. In humans, it is not considered a pathogen and does not cause disease.
Phloroglucinol is not strictly a medical term, but it is used in medicine and pharmacology. Phloroglucinol is an aromatic organic compound with the formula C6H6(OH)3. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
In a medical context, phloroglucinol is most commonly used as a smooth muscle relaxant. It is often found in over-the-counter medications used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal cramps, spasms, and pain. Phloroglucinol works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the digestive tract, which can help to reduce spasms and relieve pain.
Phloroglucinol is also used in some countries as a treatment for kidney stones. It is believed to help to relax the ureter, the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder, making it easier to pass small kidney stones. However, its effectiveness for this use is not well established, and it is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this purpose.
It's important to note that phloroglucinol should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as it can have side effects and interact with other medications.
A plant root is not a medical term per se, but it is a term from botany, which is the study of plants. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you.
Plant roots are the underground organs of a plant that typically grow downward into the soil. They serve several important functions, including:
1. Anchorage: Roots help to stabilize the plant and keep it upright in the ground.
2. Absorption: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.
3. Conduction: Roots conduct water and nutrients up to the above-ground parts of the plant, such as the stem and leaves.
4. Vegetative reproduction: Some plants can reproduce vegetatively through their roots, producing new plants from root fragments or specialized structures called rhizomes or tubers.
Roots are composed of several different tissues, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the root, which secretes a waxy substance called suberin that helps to prevent water loss. The cortex is the middle layer of the root, which contains cells that store carbohydrates and other nutrients. The endodermis is a thin layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue and regulates the movement of water and solutes into and out of the root. The vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
'Betula' is the genus name for a group of trees commonly known as birches. These trees belong to the family Betulaceae and are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. There are around 30-60 species in this genus, depending on the classification system used.
Birch trees are known for their distinctive bark, which is often white and peels away in thin layers. They also have simple, ovate leaves that are usually toothed or serrated along the edges. Many birches produce catkins, which are long, slender flowering structures that contain either male or female flowers.
Birch trees have a number of uses, both practical and cultural. The wood is lightweight and easy to work with, making it popular for uses such as furniture-making, paper production, and fuel. Birch bark has also been used historically for a variety of purposes, including canoe construction, writing surfaces, and medicinal remedies.
In addition to their practical uses, birch trees have cultural significance in many regions where they grow. For example, they are often associated with renewal and rebirth due to their ability to regrow from stumps or roots after being cut down. In some cultures, birch trees are also believed to have spiritual or mystical properties.
Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units, hence the name "sesqui-" meaning "one and a half" in Latin. They are composed of 15 carbon atoms and have a wide range of chemical structures and biological activities. Sesquiterpenes can be found in various plants, fungi, and insects, and they play important roles in the defense mechanisms of these organisms. Some sesquiterpenes are also used in traditional medicine and have been studied for their potential therapeutic benefits.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, a thin, clear membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. The condition can cause redness, itching, burning, tearing, discomfort, and a gritty feeling in the eyes. It can also result in a discharge that can be clear, yellow, or greenish.
Conjunctivitis can have various causes, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, irritants (such as smoke, chlorine, or contact lens solutions), and underlying medical conditions (like dry eye or autoimmune disorders). Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory medications, or warm compresses.
It is essential to maintain good hygiene practices, like washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes, to prevent spreading conjunctivitis to others. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's recommended that you consult an eye care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Beta-fructofuranosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain sugars, specifically those that have a fructose molecule bound to another sugar at its beta-furanose form. This enzyme is also known as invertase or sucrase, and it plays a crucial role in breaking down sucrose (table sugar) into its component parts, glucose and fructose.
Beta-fructofuranosidase can be found in various organisms, including yeast, fungi, and plants. In yeast, for example, this enzyme is involved in the fermentation of sugars during the production of beer, wine, and bread. In humans, beta-fructofuranosidase is present in the small intestine, where it helps to digest sucrose in the diet.
The medical relevance of beta-fructofuranosidase lies mainly in its role in sugar metabolism and digestion. Deficiencies or mutations in this enzyme can lead to various genetic disorders, such as congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID), which is characterized by the inability to digest certain sugars properly. This condition can cause symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming foods containing sucrose or other affected sugars.
Glucosides are chemical compounds that consist of a glycosidic bond between a sugar molecule (typically glucose) and another non-sugar molecule, which can be an alcohol, phenol, or steroid. They occur naturally in various plants and some microorganisms.
Glucosides are not medical terms per se, but they do have significance in pharmacology and toxicology because some of them may release the sugar portion upon hydrolysis, yielding aglycone, which can have physiological effects when ingested or absorbed into the body. Some glucosides are used as medications or dietary supplements due to their therapeutic properties, while others can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.
'Biota' is a term that refers to the total collection of living organisms in a particular habitat, ecosystem, or region. It includes all forms of life such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Biota can be used to describe the communities of living things in a specific area, like a forest biota or marine biota, and it can also refer to the study of these organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. In medical contexts, 'biota' may specifically refer to the microorganisms that inhabit the human body, such as the gut microbiota.
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are short, single-pass DNA sequences that are derived from cDNA libraries. They represent a quick and cost-effective method for large-scale sequencing of gene transcripts and provide an unbiased view of the genes being actively expressed in a particular tissue or developmental stage. ESTs can be used to identify and study new genes, to analyze patterns of gene expression, and to develop molecular markers for genetic mapping and genome analysis.
Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are a type of fatty acid that have a low molecular weight and are known for their ability to evaporate at room temperature. They are produced in the body during the breakdown of carbohydrates and proteins in the absence of oxygen, such as in the digestive tract by certain bacteria.
The most common volatile fatty acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. These compounds have various roles in the body, including providing energy to cells in the intestines, modulating immune function, and regulating the growth of certain bacteria. They are also used as precursors for the synthesis of other molecules, such as cholesterol and bile acids.
In addition to their role in the body, volatile fatty acids are also important in the food industry, where they are used as flavorings and preservatives. They are produced naturally during fermentation and aging processes, and are responsible for the distinctive flavors of foods such as yogurt, cheese, and wine.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) in plants refers to the long, single-stranded molecules that are essential for the translation of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. RNA is a nucleic acid, like DNA, and it is composed of a ribose sugar backbone with attached nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine).
In plants, there are several types of RNA that play specific roles in the gene expression process:
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): This type of RNA carries genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a sequence of three-base code units called codons. These codons specify the order of amino acids in a protein.
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA): tRNAs are small RNA molecules that serve as adaptors between the mRNA and the amino acids during protein synthesis. Each tRNA has a specific anticodon sequence that base-pairs with a complementary codon on the mRNA, and it carries a specific amino acid that corresponds to that codon.
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): rRNAs are structural components of ribosomes, which are large macromolecular complexes where protein synthesis occurs. In plants, there are several types of rRNAs, including the 18S, 5.8S, and 25S/28S rRNAs, that form the core of the ribosome and help catalyze peptide bond formation during protein synthesis.
4. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA): These are small RNA molecules that play a role in RNA processing, such as splicing, where introns (non-coding sequences) are removed from pre-mRNA and exons (coding sequences) are joined together to form mature mRNAs.
5. MicroRNA (miRNA): These are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in target mRNAs, leading to their degradation or translation inhibition.
Overall, these different types of RNAs play crucial roles in various aspects of RNA metabolism, gene regulation, and protein synthesis in plants.
Tissue culture techniques refer to the methods used to maintain and grow cells, tissues or organs from multicellular organisms in an artificial environment outside of the living body, called an in vitro culture. These techniques are widely used in various fields such as biology, medicine, and agriculture for research, diagnostics, and therapeutic purposes.
The basic components of tissue culture include a sterile growth medium that contains nutrients, growth factors, and other essential components to support the growth of cells or tissues. The growth medium is often supplemented with antibiotics to prevent contamination by microorganisms. The cells or tissues are cultured in specialized containers called culture vessels, which can be plates, flasks, or dishes, depending on the type and scale of the culture.
There are several types of tissue culture techniques, including:
1. Monolayer Culture: In this technique, cells are grown as a single layer on a flat surface, allowing for easy observation and manipulation of individual cells.
2. Organoid Culture: This method involves growing three-dimensional structures that resemble the organization and function of an organ in vivo.
3. Co-culture: In co-culture, two or more cell types are grown together to study their interactions and communication.
4. Explant Culture: In this technique, small pieces of tissue are cultured to maintain the original structure and organization of the cells within the tissue.
5. Primary Culture: This refers to the initial culture of cells directly isolated from a living organism. These cells can be further subcultured to generate immortalized cell lines.
Tissue culture techniques have numerous applications, such as studying cell behavior, drug development and testing, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
The ileum is the third and final segment of the small intestine, located between the jejunum and the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine). It plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption, particularly for vitamin B12 and bile salts. The ileum is characterized by its thin, lined walls and the presence of Peyer's patches, which are part of the immune system and help surveil for pathogens.
Carbohydrate metabolism is the process by which the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose, which is then used for energy or stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen. This process involves several enzymes and chemical reactions that convert carbohydrates from food into glucose, fructose, or galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells throughout the body.
The hormones insulin and glucagon regulate carbohydrate metabolism by controlling the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. Insulin is released from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high, such as after a meal, and promotes the uptake and storage of glucose in cells. Glucagon, on the other hand, is released when blood sugar levels are low and signals the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism can result from genetic defects or acquired conditions that affect the enzymes or hormones involved in this process. Examples include diabetes, hypoglycemia, and galactosemia. Proper management of these disorders typically involves dietary modifications, medication, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Phenols, also known as phenolic acids or phenol derivatives, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In the context of medicine and biology, phenols are often referred to as a type of antioxidant that can be found in various foods and plants.
Phenols have the ability to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Some common examples of phenolic compounds include gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid, among many others.
Phenols can also have various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. However, some phenolic compounds can also be toxic or irritating to the body in high concentrations, so their use as therapeutic agents must be carefully monitored and controlled.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.
The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.
In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.
A gene in plants, like in other organisms, is a hereditary unit that carries genetic information from one generation to the next. It is a segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contains the instructions for the development and function of an organism. Genes in plants determine various traits such as flower color, plant height, resistance to diseases, and many others. They are responsible for encoding proteins and RNA molecules that play crucial roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. Plant genes can be manipulated through traditional breeding methods or genetic engineering techniques to improve crop yield, enhance disease resistance, and increase nutritional value.
Gene expression regulation in plants refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and RNA from the genes present in the plant's DNA. This regulation is crucial for normal growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli in plants. It can occur at various levels, including transcription (the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence is copied into RNA), RNA processing (such as alternative splicing, which generates different mRNA molecules from a single gene), translation (where the information in the mRNA is used to produce a protein), and post-translational modification (where proteins are chemically modified after they have been synthesized).
In plants, gene expression regulation can be influenced by various factors such as hormones, light, temperature, and stress. Plants use complex networks of transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and small RNAs to regulate gene expression in response to these signals. Understanding the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in plants is important for basic research, as well as for developing crops with improved traits such as increased yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Molecular cloning is a laboratory technique used to create multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence. This process involves several steps:
1. Isolation: The first step in molecular cloning is to isolate the DNA sequence of interest from the rest of the genomic DNA. This can be done using various methods such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), restriction enzymes, or hybridization.
2. Vector construction: Once the DNA sequence of interest has been isolated, it must be inserted into a vector, which is a small circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently in a host cell. Common vectors used in molecular cloning include plasmids and phages.
3. Transformation: The constructed vector is then introduced into a host cell, usually a bacterial or yeast cell, through a process called transformation. This can be done using various methods such as electroporation or chemical transformation.
4. Selection: After transformation, the host cells are grown in selective media that allow only those cells containing the vector to grow. This ensures that the DNA sequence of interest has been successfully cloned into the vector.
5. Amplification: Once the host cells have been selected, they can be grown in large quantities to amplify the number of copies of the cloned DNA sequence.
Molecular cloning is a powerful tool in molecular biology and has numerous applications, including the production of recombinant proteins, gene therapy, functional analysis of genes, and genetic engineering.
Gene expression profiling is a laboratory technique used to measure the activity (expression) of thousands of genes at once. This technique allows researchers and clinicians to identify which genes are turned on or off in a particular cell, tissue, or organism under specific conditions, such as during health, disease, development, or in response to various treatments.
The process typically involves isolating RNA from the cells or tissues of interest, converting it into complementary DNA (cDNA), and then using microarray or high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine which genes are expressed and at what levels. The resulting data can be used to identify patterns of gene expression that are associated with specific biological states or processes, providing valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
In recent years, gene expression profiling has become an essential tool in various fields, including cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, where it is used to identify biomarkers of disease, predict patient outcomes, and guide treatment decisions.
Sprague-Dawley rats are a strain of albino laboratory rats that are widely used in scientific research. They were first developed by researchers H.H. Sprague and R.C. Dawley in the early 20th century, and have since become one of the most commonly used rat strains in biomedical research due to their relatively large size, ease of handling, and consistent genetic background.
Sprague-Dawley rats are outbred, which means that they are genetically diverse and do not suffer from the same limitations as inbred strains, which can have reduced fertility and increased susceptibility to certain diseases. They are also characterized by their docile nature and low levels of aggression, making them easier to handle and study than some other rat strains.
These rats are used in a wide variety of research areas, including toxicology, pharmacology, nutrition, cancer, and behavioral studies. Because they are genetically diverse, Sprague-Dawley rats can be used to model a range of human diseases and conditions, making them an important tool in the development of new drugs and therapies.
"Centaurea" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, also known as the daisy family. These plants are commonly known as knapweeds or star-thistles and include various species that can be found in different parts of the world, particularly in Europe and Asia. Some Centaurea species have medicinal properties and have been used in traditional medicine to treat ailments such as digestive issues, skin conditions, and respiratory problems. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies, as they can interact with other medications or have adverse effects.
"Taraxacum" is the scientific name for the plant species commonly known as dandelions. These are flowering plants that belong to the Asteraceae family and are native to Eurasia. The name "Taraxacum" comes from the Greek words "taraxos," meaning disorder, and "akos," meaning remedy, reflecting the historical use of dandelion leaves and roots as herbal medicine.
Dandelions have bright yellow flowers that turn into spherical seed heads, which are often blown away by the wind, scattering the seeds. All parts of the plant, including the leaves, flowers, and roots, can be used in various culinary and medicinal applications. Dandelion greens are rich in vitamins and minerals, while dandelion root tea is believed to have diuretic properties. However, it's important to note that the medical benefits of dandelions have not been extensively studied or proven by modern scientific research.
Asteraceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the daisy family or sunflower family. It is one of the largest and most diverse families of vascular plants, with over 1,900 genera and 32,000 species. The family includes a wide variety of plants, ranging from annual and perennial herbs to shrubs and trees.
The defining characteristic of Asteraceae is the presence of a unique type of inflorescence called a capitulum, which resembles a single flower but is actually composed of many small flowers (florets) arranged in a dense head. The florets are typically bisexual, with both male and female reproductive structures, and are radially symmetrical.
Asteraceae includes many economically important plants, such as sunflowers, daisies, artichokes, lettuce, chicory, and ragweed. Some species of Asteraceae are also used in traditional medicine and have been found to contain bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic uses.
It's worth noting that the taxonomy of this family has undergone significant revisions in recent years, and some genera and species have been moved to other families or renamed.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sesbania" is not a medical term. It is a genus of flowering plants in the pea and bean family Fabaceae, also known as "sesban" or "hummingbird tree." These plants have various uses, including as food sources for people and animals, as well as traditional medicinal applications in some cultures. However, there isn't a widely accepted medical definition associated with "Sesbania." If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help with those!
"Conyza" is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, also known as horseweed or mare's tail. It includes several species that are found worldwide, including some that are considered weeds. Here are some medical definitions related to Conyza:
* Conyza canadensis (Canada fleabane): This plant contains various chemical compounds that have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. However, there is limited research on its safety and efficacy in humans.
* Conyza bonariensis (Brazilian tea): This plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, such as respiratory and digestive problems. Some studies suggest that it may have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and analgesic effects. However, more research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.
* Conyza sumatrensis (Sumatran fleabane): This plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat skin diseases, wounds, and fever. Some studies suggest that it may have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. However, more research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.
It's important to note that while some Conyza species may have potential medicinal benefits, they should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Additionally, some species of Conyza can cause allergic reactions or skin irritation in sensitive individuals, so it's recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before using any products containing these plants.
In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.
It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.
Chicory
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Blanching (horticulture)
Thessalus of Tralles
High Guardian Spice
Kolkja
Endive
Sam Cornish
Virgin Territory (TV series)
Great Western Railway telegraphic codes
Drip coffee
List of Asteraceae genera
Coffee preparation
Windmills in Leeuwarden
David Jones (New Zealand politician)
Nellie Wong
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Camp Coffee
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Port Huron, Michigan
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Entrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator
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Pyrrhopappus
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Chicory - Wikipedia
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Chicory<...
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Chicory
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Chicory 101: School yourself on this super green group • Slow Food USA
chicory yellow mottle nepovirus with satellite RNA - PV-577 | ATCC
I Contadini, 'Puntarelle' Chicory Shoots - 520g - Formaggio Kitchen
Red chicory - License Videos - 501002 ❘ StockFood
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Chicory
Types of Chicory | Radicchio, Sugarloaf, Rosalba, Escarole
Gilly's chicory salad recipe | BBC Good Food
Chicory: the counter-culture coffee - WellBeing Magazine
FENNEL, TOMATO, & CHICORY SALAD - HighVibe
Maple & Chicory Bacon Salad Recipe
Fluted Chicory Ceramic Pottery Bottle
Common chicory (Ραδίκι) | Project Noah
Sudden Comfort Vinyl Square Folding Table - Chicory, 34 x 34 in - Fred Meyer
Teeccino Organic Chicory Herbal Tea Gluten Free Dandelion Turmeric -- 10 Tea Bags - Vitacost
Wild chicory7
- While edible raw, wild chicory leaves usually have a bitter taste, especially the older leaves. (wikipedia.org)
- In Ligurian cuisine, wild chicory leaves are an ingredient of preboggion and in the Apulian region, wild chicory leaves are combined with fava bean puree in the traditional local dish fave e cicorie selvatiche. (wikipedia.org)
- In Greece a variety of wild chicory found in Crete and known as stamnagathi (spiny chicory) is used as a salad served with olive oil and lemon juice. (wikipedia.org)
- Other English Names: Wild Chicory, Wild Succory. (fromoldbooks.org)
- It is important to note that only wild chicory ought to be used to prepare this remedy. (herbs2000.com)
- It is advisable that you collect the wild chicory flowers from locations where they are not polluted by insecticide sprays . (herbs2000.com)
- La cicoria d'autunno is not the most tender, Peppa explained to me as we gathered wild chicory today in our field up behind the donkey pen. (annesitaly.com)
Roasted chicory root2
- In fact, roasted chicory root is so frequently used as an additive in coffee that the plant has been cultivated in large commercial plantations in Europe for many years to meet the demands of the beverage industry. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Aside from its use in coffee, the roasted chicory root is sometimes used as a coffee substitute. (wellbeing.com.au)
Dandelion4
- CONTROL - Just like a dandelion, chicory spreads mainly by seeds, so you'll want to keep it from setting seeds. (gardengatemagazine.com)
- This similarity in action is not surprising since both chicory and dandelion are members of the Asteraceae (daisy) family of plants. (wellbeing.com.au)
- French chicory, the roasted root often added to coffee, blended with dandelion, the renowned detox herb, and Spanish carob, famed for its chocolately flavor. (vitacost.com)
- Other intriguing ingredients include methi leaves (fenugreek) and bitter melon , dandelion greens and chicory. (kbia.org)
Prebiotic7
- Functional ingredient manufacturer BENEO has announced a multi-million investment program to expand capacity for its prebiotic chicory root fiber production sites in Pemuco, Chile and Oreye, Belgium. (dairyreporter.com)
- The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Indonesia (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan) has approved a prebiotic claim for the chicory root fibers inulin and oligofructose. (dairyreporter.com)
- Chicories also contain antioxidant and prebiotic qualities. (slowfoodusa.org)
- The report concluded that chicory had both prebiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Beneo is pumping more than €30m into expanding capacity at two of its prebiotic chicory root fibre production sites, in Chile and Belgium. (confectionerynews.com)
- The functional ingredient specialist said the demand for the prebiotic chicory root fibre has grown exponentially, with the number of new product launches containing chicory root fibre inulin doubling in the past four years. (confectionerynews.com)
- The company's portfolio includes functional carbohydrates from sugar beet, prebiotic chicory root fibre, plant-based proteins and speciality ingredients from rice. (confectionerynews.com)
Seeds2
- Franchi Seeds of Italy is the place to go for chicory seed. (jamieoliver.com)
- They launched the Gusto Italiano project between Italian seed company Smarties.bio and US seed company Uprising Seeds to provide North American growers with high quality chicory seed - including the Matilde escarole seeds in the 2023 Plant a Seed kit! (slowfoodusa.org)
Inulin and oligofructose1
- The chicory root fibres inulin and oligofructose are the only plant-based prebiotics. (confectionerynews.com)
Cichorium Intybus3
- Common chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. (wikipedia.org)
- Root chicory (Cichorium intybus var. (wikipedia.org)
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is perhaps the ultimate holistic plant. (wellbeing.com.au)
Witloof1
- The tight white heads of 'Witloof' chicory (aka Belgian Endive ) are the ones most commonly for sale in supermarkets. (jamieoliver.com)
Ingredients1
- By cooking and discarding the water, the bitterness is reduced, after which the chicory leaves may be sautéed with garlic, anchovies, and other ingredients. (wikipedia.org)
Root14
- In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. (wikipedia.org)
- Known for their bitter flavor, cultivated chicories are biennial plants boasting all usable parts: root, leaf and flowers. (slowfoodusa.org)
- Chicory (botanical name Chicorium intybus) develops from a perennially growing tap root to a height of 1 meter or even taller taking the shape of a bush having strong bifurcating stems. (herbs2000.com)
- Chicory root contains up to 58 per cent inulin, caffeic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, an essential oil (which contains sesquiterpene lactones), vitamins and minerals. (wellbeing.com.au)
- When the chicory root is roasted, the inulin is converted to form a compound known as oxymethylfurfural. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Caffeine is not present in chicory and chicory root beverages are believed to have a range of healing properties. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Since it lacks caffeine, chicory root is an excellent bitter alternative to coffee that acts as a tonic to both the liver and digestion in general. (wellbeing.com.au)
- If you are making a chicory root drink and are using dried root, you can make your decoction by adding two teaspoons of dried, roasted root for every cup of water. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Beneo's chicory root plant in Oreye, Belgium. (confectionerynews.com)
- "Beneo's chicory root fibres meet key consumer needs of today and we are convinced that they will continue to play a central role in healthy nutrition in the future," said Christoph Boettger, member of Beneo's Executive Board. (confectionerynews.com)
- The use of chicory root fibres in product development will enable manufacturers to respond to the most pressing consumer trends of today, including gut health, immunity, weight management, blood sugar management and bone health. (confectionerynews.com)
- Chicory Root ORGANIC 1oz. (pannikincoffeeandtea.com)
- Chicory Root, Roasted Cert. (hannasherbshop.com)
- Chicory root is a hardy perennial best known for its association with coffee, producing a similar roasted beverage with no caffeine. (hannasherbshop.com)
Sugar beet1
- Chicory, with sugar beet and rye, was used as an ingredient of the East German Mischkaffee (mixed coffee), introduced during the "East German coffee crisis" of 1976-1979. (wikipedia.org)
Plant6
- Unlike any other plant, chicory can be identified easily be means of its blue hued compound flowers that are about 25 mm to 40 mm across. (herbs2000.com)
- The chicory plant can reach from a metre to a metre and a half when fully grown. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Chicory has been consumed in large quantities by people down the centuries and has no known severe side-effects associated with its consumption, although skin contact with the plant may cause irritation for those with sensitive skin or skin allergy to daisy plants. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Chicory is a charming and versatile plant with numerous landscaping benefits. (tnnursery.net)
- The Chicory Plant came in great condition, just as was advertised. (tnnursery.net)
- Intervention 1: Intervention group: Chicory plant extract prepared from Tehran School of Traditional Medicine with a concentration of 417 mg per cc, 5 cc every 12 hours for three months. (who.int)
Radicchio2
- Chicories, including radicchio and escarole, are cool season vegetables that originated and are still widely grown in the Veneto region of northeastern Italy. (slowfoodusa.org)
- Radicchio di Lusia is an early maturing chicory for summer and fall harvest. (communityfood.coop)
Digestive1
- When chicory is added to coffee, it counteracts the acidic quality of the coffee and thus tones down the adverse effect of coffee on the stomach and digestive system. (wellbeing.com.au)
Search1
- I always thought those farmwomen had more practical medical wisdom than il medico: doing a google search recently on "chicory", it seems they do! (annesitaly.com)
Recipe1
- Go to your favorite farmers' market, take pics of chicories in the wild, try chicory coffee, make a new recipe featuring some of the chicories you found at market, or try a dish that features chicories on a menu at your local restaurant. (slowfoodusa.org)
Beverage2
- The roots are extremely nutritious, and apart from being delicious roasted in a beverage, they and chicory leaves are good for circulation, liver health and blood sugar management. (slowfoodusa.org)
- However, it is alone or as an additive to another very common beverage that chicory is most popular today. (wellbeing.com.au)
Spinach1
- A stir fry featuring different green and leafy vegetables like spinach, chicory, and baby bok choy. (rituals.com)
Roots2
- Most Americans are not familiar with chicories but many Italian-Americans have grown up with a grandparent that grew it in their garden or make a point to seek it out in grocery stores to connect with their family roots. (slowfoodusa.org)
- "Quella di maggio e' la migliore" , she affirmed as she cut the roots off a chicory bunch. (annesitaly.com)
Flavor2
- Some beer brewers use roasted chicory to add flavor to stouts (commonly expected to have a coffee-like flavor). (wikipedia.org)
- Each year we trial a wide range of chicory varieties to identify those that are easiest to grow and have the best flavor. (johnnyseeds.com)
Fructans1
- Research from the journal Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications showed that chicory contains fructans, which block the inflammatory compounds prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). (wellbeing.com.au)
Finely1
- After draining the chicory when still al dente , i slid it into a frying pan covered with our olive oil where three finely-chopped chopped garlic cloves and a good-sized piece of chili pepper simmered. (annesitaly.com)
Leaves7
- Raw chicory leaves are 92% water, 5% carbohydrates, 2% protein, and contain negligible fat (table). (wikipedia.org)
- In a 100-gram (3½ oz) reference amount, raw chicory leaves provide 23 calories (96 J) and significant amounts (more than 20% of the Daily Value) of vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C, some B vitamins, and manganese. (wikipedia.org)
- You can eat tender young chicory leaves in salads or as a cooked green. (gardengatemagazine.com)
- Then there's the fact that chicories are such a useful crop, since they provides welcome salad leaves from autumn right through till early spring, if you stagger your sowing and choose varieties that mature at different speeds. (jamieoliver.com)
- The leaves as well as the stem of chicory are hairy. (herbs2000.com)
- Separate the chicory leaves and put them in a serving dish. (bbcgoodfood.com)
- Fresh leaves of chicory can be added to a salad to taste. (wellbeing.com.au)
Fiber1
- Parsley and chicory are good sources of fiber and vitamins. (businessinsider.in)
Caffeine2
- The addition of chicory in coffee is not an adulteration but is believed to enhance the taste of coffee and reduce the stimulating effect of the caffeine in coffee. (wellbeing.com.au)
- Chicory is a caffeine-free coffee substitute that can help reduce anxiety and stress, lower inflammation and contribute towards cardiovascular health. (naturopathy-uk.com)
Varieties1
- Tecomate has an extensive chicory research program with multiple varieties to determine which are the most productive and desirable. (tecomate.com)
Bitterness1
- Its taste has the distinct bitterness of chicory and it is enjoyed raw or cooked. (communityfood.coop)
Stir4
- Chicory is great raw in salads, but it can also be braised, roasted, used in hors d'oeuvres, stir-fries and soups. (waitrose.com)
- Fry for a few more minutes until everything is golden, then stir in the chicory and chilli flakes. (waitrose.com)
- Stir the drained pasta into the chicory mixture, adding a splash of the cooking water and most of the cheese. (waitrose.com)
- Simply add the instant coffee with chicory to boiling water and stir until the crystals dissolve. (cajungrocer.com)
Salads1
- To enjoy it at its best, buy chicory when the leaf tips are yellow, if it has green tips it is likely to be too bitter for salads. (waitrose.com)
Greens4
- I have long loved chicories - those bitter greens, reds and pinks that grace your salad mixes, often incognito. (slowfoodusa.org)
- Culturally, no group has celebrated chicory in their dishes more than Italians, and these greens hold special connections for many Italian Americans. (slowfoodusa.org)
- Chicories have inspired contemporary farmers to partner with innovative Italian seed growers seeking to make these gorgeous greens more widely adaptable so that anyone can grow them successfully, particularly as a late fall or even winter crop, extending the season in many regions. (slowfoodusa.org)
- And they're very low in calories - just 22 for a cup of raw parsley and seven for a cup of raw chicory greens. (businessinsider.in)
Preparation2
- The beauty of chicory is that it requires very little preparation and there is almost no wastage. (waitrose.com)
- The preparation of chicory as an alternative or additive to coffee is a long process. (wellbeing.com.au)
Heads1
- Lastly, decent heads of chicory are really expensive to buy, so I expect Fifteen will be happy to have some freebies. (jamieoliver.com)
Grown2
- Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. (wikipedia.org)
- Chicories are a great winter crop in northern climates, providing a locally grown alternative to lettuce shipped from warmer regions during the colder months. (slowfoodusa.org)
Mixture1
- In France, a mixture of 60% chicory and 40% coffee is sold under the trade name Ricoré. (wikipedia.org)
Juice2
- To stop the chicory discolouring, prepare, then drop into diluted lemon juice and drain. (waitrose.com)
- According to the Roman historian Pliny (CE 23-79), the juice of chicory was combined with rose oil and vinegar by the Romans as a remedy for headaches. (wellbeing.com.au)
Escarole1
- Escarole was my "gateway chicory. (slowfoodusa.org)
Liver2
Native2
- Chicory is native to western Asia, North Africa, and Europe. (wikipedia.org)
- Chicory is native to Europe and originally grew only there, but it has been transplanted to other places and is now found growing in the wild on the sides of roads around the world. (wellbeing.com.au)
Bitter taste1
- Chicory on its own has a bitter taste that stimulates digestion and bile flow from the gallbladder. (wellbeing.com.au)
Salt1
- Until the chicory goes a caramalized sort of see through texture, remove from the heat and season with salt and pepper. (astray.com)
Vitamins1
- Both parsley and chicory are great sources of vitamins, folate, and zinc. (businessinsider.in)
Vegetable1
- The Northwest's premier chicory festival kicks off in late October, celebrating the best of the bitter vegetable. (communityfood.coop)
Beneficial1
- CHICORY lasts 2 to 5 years and is a beneficial forb that deer instinctively crave. (tecomate.com)
Food1
- We started using chicory in our mixtures over 10 years ago and introduced the wildlife world to the benefits of chicory as a food plot component. (tecomate.com)
Sides1
- Thin wisps of summer's ubiquitous chicory blooms rest on three sides of this elegant fluted form. (ephraimpottery.com)
Orleans1
- Chicory is found in New Orleans coffee blends. (beerstreetjournal.com)
Species1
- Chicory can be planted as a monostand or in combination with other species. (tecomate.com)
Great1
- But, year 'round is a great time for Gillies' famous coffee with chicory. (gilliescoffee.com)
Qualities1
- In addition to these basic qualities, research has shown that chicory may have some additional effects. (wellbeing.com.au)