A mass of KERATIN-producing squamous EPITHELIUM that resembles an inverted (suck-in) bag of skin in the MIDDLE EAR. It arises from the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE) and grows into the MIDDLE EAR causing erosion of EAR OSSICLES and MASTOID that contains the INNER EAR.
A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.
The posterior part of the temporal bone. It is a projection of the petrous bone.
Surgical reconstruction of the hearing mechanism of the middle ear, with restoration of the drum membrane to protect the round window from sound pressure, and establishment of ossicular continuity between the tympanic membrane and the oval window. (Dorland, 28th ed.)
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.
A mobile chain of three small bones (INCUS; MALLEUS; STAPES) in the TYMPANIC CAVITY between the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and the oval window on the wall of INNER EAR. Sound waves are converted to vibration by the tympanic membrane then transmitted via these ear ossicles to the inner ear.
The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.
The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Inflammation of the middle ear with purulent discharge.
Examination of the EAR CANAL and eardrum with an OTOSCOPE.
Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.
Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).
Inflammation of the honeycomb-like MASTOID BONE in the skull just behind the ear. It is usually a complication of OTITIS MEDIA.
The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.
Hearing loss due to interference with the mechanical reception or amplification of sound to the COCHLEA. The interference is in the outer or middle ear involving the EAR CANAL; TYMPANIC MEMBRANE; or EAR OSSICLES.
Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).
Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.
Surgical insertion of an implant to replace one or more of the ear ossicles.
A followup operation to examine the outcome of the previous surgery and other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71)
One of three ossicles of the middle ear. It conducts sound vibrations from the MALLEUS to the STAPES.
Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).
A type of MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING that uses only one nuclear spin excitation per image and therefore can obtain images in a fraction of a second rather than the minutes required in traditional MRI techniques. It is used in a variety of medical and scientific applications.
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.
The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones.
Ventilation of the middle ear in the treatment of secretory (serous) OTITIS MEDIA, usually by placement of tubes or grommets which pierce the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.
The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.
Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull.
A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Keratin particle-induced osteolysis: a mouse model of inflammatory bone remodeling related to cholesteatoma. (1/27)

We implanted keratin and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles to the surface of mouse calvariae to produce a quantitative, localized, inflammatory bone remodeling similar to that seen in cholesteatoma. Both types of particles resulted in increased osteoclast density compared with controls. Osteoclasts infiltrated from marrow and vascular spaces and were active at the periphery of these spaces leading to significant bone remodeling, as demonstrated by the incorporation of bone-labelling fluorophores. Osteoclasts were rarely found on the surface of the calvariae, and mineral apposition rate at the ventral surface was not altered in keratin-implanted animals compared with nonoperated controls. While not useful for the study of the root cause of cholesteatoma, this model will allow the study ofpathologic bone remodeling related to cholesteatoma in a genetically defined animal.  (+info)

Cholesteatoma of the upper urinary tract. (2/27)

We report the case of a 57-year old patient with complex cystic image in right kidney. Following radical nephrectomy, the pathological study established the diagnosis of renal cholesteatoma. We discuss the frequency, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, propedeutics, histological findings and proposes for intervention observed in the literature.  (+info)

First isolation of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron from a patient with a cholesteatoma and experiencing meningitis. (3/27)

A 45-year-old man with a cholesteatoma experienced purulent meningitis. Microbial analysis of cerebrospinal fluid yielded in pure culture a gram-negative bacillus. Phenotypic methods were suggestive of a Bacteroides distasonis or either a Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or Bacteroides ovatus infection. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as B. thetaiotaomicron. This is the first case of B. thetaiotaomicron meningitis in pure culture.  (+info)

Suppressive activity of vitamin D3 on matrix metalloproteinase production from cholesteatoma keratinocytes in vitro. (4/27)

There is much evidence that degradation of the extracellular matrix is essential for the development of cholesteatomas and that this is induced by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Vitamin D3 (VD3) has several well-recognised biological activities, including suppression of MMP production. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to examine whether VD3 could suppress MMP production from cholesteatoma keratinocytes in vitro. Keratinocytes (2.5 x 10(5) cells/mL) induced from cholesteatoma tissue specimens were cultured with various concentrations of VD3. After one hour, lipopolysaccharide was added to the cell cultures at 100 mug/mL. The culture supernatants were then collected and assayed for MMP-1 and MMP-3 by ELISA. We also used ELISA to measure the levels of both TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase)-1 and TIMP-2 in culture supernatants. Addition of VD3 into keratinocyte cultures caused the suppression of MMP and TIMP production, which was increased by LPS stimulation. This was dose-dependent. The present results showing the suppressive activity of VD3 on the production of MMPs, which are responsible for tissue remodeling, strongly suggest that VD3 would be a good candidate for an agent in the medical treatment of, or prophylaxis for, cholesteatomas.  (+info)

Cholesteatoma of external auditory canal: a case report. (5/27)

The authors present a case of cholesteatoma of external auditory canal (CEAC) with extensive invasion of mastoid; ossicle chain and tympanic membrane remained intact. The only symptom was chronic otorrhea. Diagnosis was based on clinical elements and CT scan was used to measure pathology and program surgery. Treatment was modified radical mastoidectomy associated with meatoplasty. Due to the insidious character of CEAC and the proximity with important structures of the external auditory canal, it must be always considered in differential diagnosis for lesions of external auditory canal. This case report intended to review clinical and surgical aspects of treatment of CEAC and present our approach in a case with severe lesions.  (+info)

Growth of cholesteatoma by implantation of epithelial tissue along the femoral bone of rats. (6/27)

Cholesteatoma is a well-known infection resembling a pearl. Its histological aspect is of an epidermal cyst formation characterized by epidermal-keratinized tissue in the middle ear and mastoid that can migrate and erode to adjacent structures. AIM: To verify epidermal cyst (cholesteatoma) growth through implantation of auricular skin of a mouse next to its femoral bone. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ten healthy rats between two and five months of age and of both sexes underwent implantation of auricular skin on the femoral bone during a three-month period. Paraffin-embedded sections were obtained from the sample and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for pathology investigation. RESULTS: Macroscopic view: round soft yellowish granulation tissue. Microscopic view: keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium cystic formation. The cyst presented innermost corneal layer, resulted from keratinized skin, followed by granulated and squamous layers, and outermost basal layer. CONCLUSIONS: Growth of epidermal cyst (cholesteatoma) may start from a transplanted epithelial tissue next to the femoral bone of rats.  (+info)

Readout-segmented EPI for rapid high resolution diffusion imaging at 3 T. (7/27)

Readout mosaic segmentation has been suggested as an alternative approach to EPI for high resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). In the readout-segmented EPI (RS-EPI) scheme, segments of k-space are acquired along the readout direction. This reduces geometric distortions due to the decrease in readout time. In this work, further distortion reduction is achieved by combining RS-EPI with parallel imaging (PI). The performance of the PI-accelerated RS-EPI scheme is assessed in volunteers and patients at 3T with respect to both standard EPI and PI-accelerated EPI. Peripherally cardiac gated and non-gated RS-EPI images are acquired to assess whether motion due to brain pulsation significantly degrades the image quality. Due to the low off-resonance of PI-driven RS-EPI, we also investigate if the eddy currents induced by the diffusion gradients are low enough to use the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion preparation instead of the twice-refocused eddy-current compensated diffusion preparation to reduce TE. It is shown that non-gated phase corrected DWI performs equally as well as gated acquisitions. PI-driven DW RS-EPI images with substantially less distortion compared with single-shot EPI are shown in patients-allowing the delineation of structures in the lower parts of the brain. A twice-refocused diffusion preparation was found necessary to avoid blurring in the DWI data. This paper shows that the RS-EPI scheme may be an important alternative sampling strategy to EPI to achieve high resolution T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images.  (+info)

Congenital cholesteatoma extending into the internal auditory canal and cochlea: a case report. (8/27)

We report here on a case of congenital cholesteatoma that extended into the internal auditory meatus and cochlea. A 17-year-old boy underwent surgery for a very large cholesteatoma, which was discovered behind an intact tympanic membrane. Pure tone audiometry revealed an unresponsive ear. High resolution temporal bone computed tomography showed perilabyrinthine extension with its absence in the vestibular area, and destruction of the bony cochlea at the basal turn, the tegmen and the posterior cranial fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no intracranial extension. Surgical exploration of the middle ear and the mastoid cavity revealed that both the vestibule and the basal turn of the cochlea were filled with a noninfected cholesteatoma. The cholesteatoma extended into the internal auditory meatus through translabyrinthine destruction; it extended into the basal turn of the cochlea through the infralabyrinthine route. The bony segment of the facial nerve canal demonstrated near total dehiscence. The cholesteatoma was removed by the transotic approach. Congenital cholesteatoma is characterized by no specific history. Therefore, early detection of this malady can be challenging, but it is important to prevent such complications as were observed in this reported case.  (+info)

Cholesteatoma, middle ear is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells (keratinizing squamous epithelium) within the middle ear space. This skin cells accumulation forms a pearly, white, or gray mass that can erode and destroy surrounding structures such as the ossicles (the tiny bones in the middle ear), the mastoid process (a bony prominence behind the ear), and even the inner ear or brain.

Cholesteatomas can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Acquired cholesteatomas are more common and usually result from repeated middle ear infections that cause a retraction pocket of the eardrum, which then traps skin cells leading to their abnormal growth. Symptoms of cholesteatoma may include hearing loss, ear drainage, ear pain, vertigo, or facial weakness. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cholesteatoma and restoration of any damaged structures.

Cholesteatoma is a type of skin growth that occurs in the middle ear behind the eardrum. It is not a cancerous or precancerous growth but can still cause significant damage to the surrounding structures if left untreated. Cholesteatomas typically begin as small collections of dead skin cells, which then accumulate and expand over time, forming a sac-like structure that can erode the bones of the middle ear and lead to hearing loss, balance problems, and even facial paralysis in severe cases.

Cholesteatomas can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Acquired cholesteatomas are more common and typically result from repeated ear infections or trauma to the eardrum that causes a pocket or retraction of the eardrum to form, which then traps skin cells and debris. Over time, these cells can multiply and become a cholesteatoma.

Treatment for cholesteatoma typically involves surgical removal of the growth, as well as any damaged bone or tissue. In some cases, additional procedures may be necessary to restore hearing function. Regular follow-up care is also important to monitor for recurrence and ensure proper healing.

The mastoid is a term used in anatomy and refers to the bony prominence located at the base of the skull, posterior to the ear. More specifically, it's part of the temporal bone, one of the bones that forms the side and base of the skull. The mastoid process provides attachment for various muscles involved in chewing and moving the head.

In a medical context, "mastoid" can also refer to conditions or procedures related to this area. For example, mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid process, while a mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing part or all of the mastoid process.

Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to reconstruct or repair the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and/or the small bones of the middle ear (ossicles). The primary goal of this surgery is to restore hearing, but it can also help manage chronic middle ear infections, traumatic eardrum perforations, or cholesteatoma (a skin growth in the middle ear).

During the procedure, a surgeon may use various techniques such as grafting tissue from another part of the body to rebuild the eardrum or using prosthetic materials to reconstruct the ossicles. The choice of technique depends on the extent and location of the damage. Tympanoplasty is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning patients can return home on the same day of the surgery.

Ear diseases are medical conditions that affect the ear and its various components, including the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, such as hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (dizziness), ear pain, and discharge. Some common ear diseases include:

1. Otitis externa (swimmer's ear) - an infection or inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal.
2. Otitis media - an infection or inflammation of the middle ear, often caused by a cold or flu.
3. Cholesteatoma - a skin growth that develops in the middle ear behind the eardrum.
4. Meniere's disease - a disorder of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
5. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders - problems with the joint that connects the jawbone to the skull, which can cause ear pain and other symptoms.
6. Acoustic neuroma - a noncancerous tumor that grows on the nerve that connects the inner ear to the brain.
7. Presbycusis - age-related hearing loss.

Treatment for ear diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medication, surgery, or other therapies. If you are experiencing symptoms of an ear disease, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional, such as an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist).

The ear ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body, which are located in the middle ear. They play a crucial role in the process of hearing by transmitting and amplifying sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The three ear ossicles are:

1. Malleus (hammer): The largest of the three bones, it is shaped like a hammer and connects to the eardrum.
2. Incus (anvil): The middle-sized bone, it looks like an anvil and connects the malleus to the stapes.
3. Stapes (stirrup): The smallest and lightest bone in the human body, it resembles a stirrup and transmits vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.

Together, these tiny bones work to efficiently transfer sound waves from the air to the fluid-filled cochlea of the inner ear, enabling us to hear.

The middle ear is the middle of the three parts of the ear, located between the outer ear and inner ear. It contains three small bones called ossicles (the malleus, incus, and stapes) that transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear also contains the Eustachian tube, which helps regulate air pressure in the middle ear and protects against infection by allowing fluid to drain from the middle ear into the back of the throat.

The ear canal, also known as the external auditory canal, is the tubular passage that extends from the outer ear (pinna) to the eardrum (tympanic membrane). It is lined with skin and tiny hairs, and is responsible for conducting sound waves from the outside environment to the middle and inner ear. The ear canal is typically about 2.5 cm long in adults and has a self-cleaning mechanism that helps to keep it free of debris and wax.

Suppurative Otitis Media is a type of inner ear infection that involves the accumulation of pus (suppuration) in the middle ear space. It can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection and often results from a previous episode of acute otitis media, where fluid builds up behind the eardrum (tympanic membrane).

Suppurative Otitis Media can lead to complications such as hearing loss, damage to the inner ear structures, and spread of infection to nearby areas like the mastoid process or the brain. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and sometimes surgical intervention to drain the pus and relieve pressure on the eardrum.

Otoscopy is a medical examination procedure used to evaluate the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum). It involves the use of an otoscope, a tool that consists of a lighted speculum attached to a handle. The speculum is inserted into the ear canal, allowing the healthcare provider to visualize and inspect the eardrum for any abnormalities such as perforations, inflammation, fluid accumulation, or foreign bodies. Otoscopy can help diagnose various conditions including ear infections, middle ear disorders, and hearing loss.

Otologic surgical procedures refer to a range of surgeries performed on the ear or its related structures. These procedures are typically conducted by otologists, who are specialists trained in diagnosing and treating conditions that affect the ears, balance system, and related nerves. The goal of otologic surgery can vary from repairing damaged bones in the middle ear to managing hearing loss, tumors, or chronic infections. Some common otologic surgical procedures include:

1. Stapedectomy/Stapedotomy: These are procedures used to treat otosclerosis, a condition where the stapes bone in the middle ear becomes fixed and causes conductive hearing loss. The surgeon creates an opening in the stapes footplate (stapedotomy) or removes the entire stapes bone (stapedectomy) and replaces it with a prosthetic device to improve sound conduction.
2. Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty: These are surgeries aimed at repairing damaged eardrums (tympanic membrane). A myringoplasty involves grafting a piece of tissue over the perforation in the eardrum, while a tympanoplasty includes both eardrum repair and reconstruction of the middle ear bones if necessary.
3. Mastoidectomy: This procedure involves removing the mastoid air cells, which are located in the bony prominence behind the ear. A mastoidectomy is often performed to treat chronic mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, or complications from middle ear infections.
4. Ossiculoplasty: This procedure aims to reconstruct and improve the function of the ossicles (middle ear bones) when they are damaged due to various reasons such as infection, trauma, or congenital conditions. The surgeon uses prosthetic devices made from plastic, metal, or even bone to replace or support the damaged ossicles.
5. Cochlear implantation: This is a surgical procedure that involves placing an electronic device inside the inner ear to help individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. The implant consists of an external processor and internal components that directly stimulate the auditory nerve, bypassing the damaged hair cells in the cochlea.
6. Labyrinthectomy: This procedure involves removing the balance-sensing structures (vestibular system) inside the inner ear to treat severe vertigo or dizziness caused by conditions like Meniere's disease when other treatments have failed.
7. Acoustic neuroma removal: An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that grows on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. Surgical removal of the tumor is necessary to prevent hearing loss, balance problems, and potential neurological complications.

These are just a few examples of the various surgical procedures performed by otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat specialists) to treat conditions affecting the ear and surrounding structures. Each procedure has its specific indications, benefits, risks, and postoperative care requirements. Patients should consult with their healthcare providers to discuss the most appropriate treatment options for their individual needs.

The tympanic membrane, also known as the eardrum, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external auditory canal from the middle ear. It serves to transmit sound vibrations from the air to the inner ear, where they are converted into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain as sound. The tympanic membrane is composed of three layers: an outer layer of skin, a middle layer of connective tissue, and an inner layer of mucous membrane. It is held in place by several small bones and muscles and is highly sensitive to changes in pressure.

The temporal bone is a paired bone that is located on each side of the skull, forming part of the lateral and inferior walls of the cranial cavity. It is one of the most complex bones in the human body and has several important structures associated with it. The main functions of the temporal bone include protecting the middle and inner ear, providing attachment for various muscles of the head and neck, and forming part of the base of the skull.

The temporal bone is divided into several parts, including the squamous part, the petrous part, the tympanic part, and the styloid process. The squamous part forms the lateral portion of the temporal bone and articulates with the parietal bone. The petrous part is the most medial and superior portion of the temporal bone and contains the inner ear and the semicircular canals. The tympanic part forms the lower and anterior portions of the temporal bone and includes the external auditory meatus or ear canal. The styloid process is a long, slender projection that extends downward from the inferior aspect of the temporal bone and serves as an attachment site for various muscles and ligaments.

The temporal bone plays a crucial role in hearing and balance, as it contains the structures of the middle and inner ear, including the oval window, round window, cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. The stapes bone, one of the three bones in the middle ear, is entirely encased within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Additionally, the temporal bone contains important structures for facial expression and sensation, including the facial nerve, which exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen, a small opening in the temporal bone.

Mastoiditis is a medical condition characterized by an infection and inflammation of the mastoid process, which is the bony prominence located behind the ear. The mastoid process contains air cells that are connected to the middle ear, and an infection in the middle ear (otitis media) can spread to the mastoid process, resulting in mastoiditis.

The symptoms of mastoiditis may include:

* Pain and tenderness behind the ear
* Swelling or redness of the skin behind the ear
* Ear drainage or discharge
* Fever and headache
* Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Mastoiditis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as possible surgical intervention if the infection does not respond to medication or if it has caused significant damage to the mastoid process. If left untreated, mastoiditis can lead to complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

The petrous bone is a part of the temporal bone, one of the 22 bones in the human skull. It is a thick and irregularly shaped bone located at the base of the skull and forms part of the ear and the cranial cavity. The petrous bone contains the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals of the inner ear, which are responsible for hearing and balance. It also helps protect the brain from injury by forming part of the bony structure surrounding the brain.

The term "petrous" comes from the Latin word "petrosus," meaning "stony" or "rock-like," which describes the hard and dense nature of this bone. The petrous bone is one of the densest bones in the human body, making it highly resistant to fractures and other forms of damage.

In medical terminology, the term "petrous" may also be used to describe any structure that resembles a rock or is hard and dense, such as the petrous apex, which refers to the portion of the petrous bone that points towards the sphenoid bone.

Conductive hearing loss is a type of hearing loss that occurs when there is a problem with the outer or middle ear. Sound waves are not able to transmit efficiently through the ear canal to the eardrum and the small bones in the middle ear, resulting in a reduction of sound that reaches the inner ear. Causes of conductive hearing loss may include earwax buildup, fluid in the middle ear, a middle ear infection, a hole in the eardrum, or problems with the tiny bones in the middle ear. This type of hearing loss can often be treated through medical intervention or surgery.

Cochlear diseases refer to conditions that affect the structure or function of the cochlea, which is a part of the inner ear responsible for hearing. These diseases can cause various types and degrees of hearing loss, ranging from mild to profound. Some common cochlear diseases include:

1. Cochlear otosclerosis: A condition where there is abnormal bone growth in the cochlea, which can lead to conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.
2. Cochlear Meniere's disease: A disorder that affects the inner ear and causes vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss.
3. Cochlear damage due to exposure to loud noises: Prolonged or sudden exposure to loud noises can cause permanent cochlear damage and hearing loss.
4. Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss that affects the cochlea and other structures of the auditory system.
5. Cochlear nerve tumors: Rare benign or malignant growths on the cochlear nerve can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems.
6. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections such as meningitis, labyrinthitis, or otitis media can damage the cochlea and lead to hearing loss.
7. Ototoxicity: Certain medications can be toxic to the cochlea and cause hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance problems.
8. Genetic factors: Inherited genetic mutations can cause various types of cochlear diseases, such as connexin 26 deficiency, Waardenburg syndrome, or Usher syndrome.

It is important to note that early diagnosis and treatment of cochlear diseases can help prevent or minimize hearing loss and other complications.

Proflavine is an antimicrobial agent, specifically a type of dye known as an acridine dye. It is used primarily as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant. Proflavine works by intercalating into DNA, which disrupts the structure of the DNA molecule and prevents bacterial replication.

It's important to note that proflavine has been largely replaced by other more effective and safer antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. It is still used in some research settings and for certain specific applications, such as staining tissues for microscopic examination.

Proflavine should be used with caution, as it can cause skin irritation and may have harmful effects if ingested or absorbed through the skin. As with any medication, it should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Ossicular replacement is a surgical procedure in which the damaged or diseased ossicles (the three smallest bones in the middle ear, namely the malleus, incus, and stapes) are replaced with artificial prostheses. This procedure is often performed to correct hearing loss caused by various conditions such as chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, or ossicular chain discontinuity.

The artificial prostheses used in ossicular replacement can be made of various materials, including ceramic, plastic, or metal. The choice of material depends on several factors, including the patient's individual needs and preferences, the size and shape of the remaining ossicles, and the surgeon's experience and preference.

The goal of ossicular replacement is to improve hearing by restoring the normal function of the ossicular chain, which is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. By replacing the damaged or missing ossicles with artificial prostheses, the surgeon can help to restore the patient's ability to hear and communicate effectively.

"Second-look surgery" is a medical term that refers to a second surgical procedure performed after an initial operation, usually to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment or to check for any potential complications. This type of surgery is often used in cancer treatment, where it can help determine if the tumor has responded to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. During the second-look surgery, surgeons may remove additional tissue or tumor cells, or they may perform other procedures to manage any complications that have arisen since the first surgery.

It's worth noting that the use of second-look surgery is not always necessary or appropriate, and the decision to perform this type of procedure will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient's overall health, the type and stage of cancer, and the specific goals of treatment. As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with second-look surgery, and patients should discuss these risks thoroughly with their healthcare provider before making a decision about treatment.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a condition characterized by the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the inner ear into the external auditory canal of the ear. CSF is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is normally contained within the subarachnoid space, which is a space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

CSF otorrhea can occur as a result of a head injury, skull base fracture, or surgical procedure involving the ear or surrounding structures. It can also be caused by congenital defects or tumors in the area. CSF otorrhea is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention, as it can lead to meningitis or other complications if left untreated.

Diagnosis of CSF otorrhea typically involves a physical examination and testing of any fluid draining from the ear for beta-2 transferrin, a protein that is present in CSF but not in other bodily fluids. Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans may also be used to help identify the underlying cause of the CSF leak. Treatment may involve bed rest, hydration, and antibiotics to prevent infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the site of the CSF leak.

The incus, also known as the anvil, is one of the three smallest bones in the middle ear, located in the ossicular chain. It articulates with the malleus (hammer) and stapes (stirrup). The incus helps transmit and amplify sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Ear neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that occur in the ear. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and can affect any part of the ear, including the outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, and the ear canal.

Benign ear neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. Examples include exostoses, osteomas, and ceruminous adenomas. These types of growths are usually removed surgically for cosmetic reasons or if they cause discomfort or hearing problems.

Malignant ear neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and may spread to other parts of the body. Examples include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. These types of tumors often require more extensive treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

It is important to note that any new growth or change in the ear should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the nature of the growth and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) is a type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that uses rapidly alternating magnetic field gradients and radiofrequency pulses to acquire multiple images in a very short period of time. This technique allows for the rapid acquisition of images, making it useful for functional MRI (fMRI) studies, diffusion-weighted imaging, and other applications where motion artifacts can be a problem.

In EPI, a single excitation pulse is followed by a series of gradient echoes that are acquired in a rapid succession, with each echo providing information about a different slice or plane of the object being imaged. The resulting images can then be combined to create a 3D representation of the object.

One of the key advantages of EPI is its speed, as it can acquire an entire brain volume in as little as 50 milliseconds. This makes it possible to capture rapid changes in the brain, such as those that occur during cognitive tasks or in response to neural activation. However, the technique can be susceptible to distortions and artifacts, particularly at higher field strengths, which can affect image quality and accuracy.

Otitis media is an inflammation or infection of the middle ear. It can occur as a result of a cold, respiratory infection, or allergy that causes fluid buildup behind the eardrum. The buildup of fluid can lead to infection and irritation of the middle ear, causing symptoms such as ear pain, hearing loss, and difficulty balancing. There are two types of otitis media: acute otitis media (AOM), which is a short-term infection that can cause fever and severe ear pain, and otitis media with effusion (OME), which is fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of infection. In some cases, otitis media may require medical treatment, including antibiotics or the placement of ear tubes to drain the fluid and relieve pressure on the eardrum.

The middle cranial fossa is a depression or hollow in the skull that forms the upper and central portion of the cranial cavity. It is located between the anterior cranial fossa (which lies anteriorly) and the posterior cranial fossa (which lies posteriorly). The middle cranial fossa contains several important structures, including the temporal lobes of the brain, the pituitary gland, the optic chiasm, and the cavernous sinuses. It is also where many of the cranial nerves pass through on their way to the brain.

The middle cranial fossa can be further divided into two parts: the anterior and posterior fossae. The anterior fossa contains the optic chiasm and the pituitary gland, while the posterior fossa contains the temporal lobes of the brain and the cavernous sinuses.

The middle cranial fossa is formed by several bones of the skull, including the sphenoid bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone. The shape and size of the middle cranial fossa can vary from person to person, and abnormalities in its structure can be associated with various medical conditions, such as pituitary tumors or aneurysms.

Middle ear ventilation refers to the normal process of air movement between the middle ear and the back of the nose (nasopharynx) through the eustachian tube. This tube is a narrow canal that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and helps to regulate air pressure in the middle ear, preventing its accumulation and subsequent negative pressure or fluid build-up, which can lead to conditions such as otitis media (middle ear infection) or serous otitis media (fluid in the middle ear).

The eustachian tube opens during activities such as swallowing, yawning, or chewing, allowing fresh air to enter the middle ear and any accumulated fluid or gas to be drained out. Abnormalities in middle ear ventilation can result from dysfunction of the eustachian tube, leading to various middle ear disorders.

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passage between two organs, vessels, or body parts that usually do not connect. It can form as a result of injury, infection, surgery, or disease. A fistula can occur anywhere in the body but commonly forms in the digestive system, genital area, or urinary system. The symptoms and treatment options for a fistula depend on its location and underlying cause.

Optical imaging is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses light to capture images of internal structures and processes within the body. This method often involves the use of endoscopes, microscopes, or specialized cameras to visualize targeted areas, such as organs, tissues, or cells. Optical imaging can be used for various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including monitoring disease progression, guiding surgical procedures, and studying biological functions at the cellular level. Different optical imaging techniques include reflectance imaging, fluorescence imaging, bioluminescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

In summary, optical imaging is a versatile and non-ionizing medical imaging technique that utilizes light to visualize internal body structures and processes for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Skull neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the skull. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They can originate from various types of cells, such as bone cells, nerve cells, or soft tissues. Skull neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their size and location, including headaches, seizures, vision problems, hearing loss, and neurological deficits. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It is important to note that a neoplasm in the skull can also refer to metastatic cancer, which has spread from another part of the body to the skull.

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures, particularly the brain and nervous system. In diffusion MRI, the movement of water molecules in biological tissues is measured and analyzed to generate contrast in the images based on the microstructural properties of the tissue.

Diffusion MRI is unique because it allows for the measurement of water diffusion in various directions, which can reveal important information about the organization and integrity of nerve fibers in the brain. This technique has been widely used in research and clinical settings to study a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

In summary, diffusion MRI is a specialized type of MRI that measures the movement of water molecules in biological tissues to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures, particularly the brain and nervous system. It provides valuable information about the microstructural properties of tissues and has important applications in both research and clinical settings.

Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal (the outermost part of the ear canal leading to the eardrum). It often occurs when water stays in the ear after swimming, creating a moist environment that promotes bacterial growth.

The symptoms of otitis externa may include:
- Redness and swelling of the ear canal
- Pain or discomfort in the ear, especially when moving the jaw or chewing
- Itching in the ear
- Discharge from the ear (pus or clear fluid)
- Hearing loss or difficulty hearing

Otitis externa is typically treated with antibiotic eardrops and sometimes oral antibiotics. Keeping the ear dry during treatment is important to prevent further irritation and promote healing. In severe cases, a healthcare provider may need to clean the ear canal before administering medication.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

A 'recurrent cholesteatoma' is a new cholesteatoma that develops when the underlying causes of the initial cholesteatoma are ... ISBN 978-0-912684-11-6. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cholesteatoma. Information on Cholesteatomas Laser Cholesteatoma ... If the cholesteatoma has been dry, the cholesteatoma may present the appearance of 'wax over the attic'. The attic is just ... Cholesteatoma is a persistent disease. Once the diagnosis of cholesteatoma is made in a patient who can tolerate a general ...
A cholesteatoma is a cyst of squamous skin cells that may develop from birth or secondary to other causes such as chronic ear ... The treatment for cholesteatoma is surgery. Inner ear There are two principal damage mechanisms to the inner ear in ... "Cholesteatoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 25 February 2016. Senate Public Works Committee, ...
She had a third ventricle cholesteatoma. She displayed increased respiration, increased heart rate, diaphoresis, and increased ...
... the cause of death was cholesteatoma.[citation needed] His corpse was then transported by friends to the First Cemetery in ...
Naiberg, J.; Berger, G.; Hawke, M. (1 October 1984). "The Pathologic Features of Keratosis Obturans and Cholesteatoma of the ... "Keratosis obturans and external auditory canal cholesteatoma". The Laryngoscope. 90 (3): 383-391. doi:10.1002/lary.5540900303. ...
CT scan is useful in cases of congenital conductive hearing loss, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma, ossicular ... Some conditions are amenable to surgical intervention such as middle ear fluid, cholesteatoma, and otosclerosis. If conductive ... Specific MRI scans can be used to identify cholesteatoma. Management falls into three modalities: surgical treatment, ... Perforated eardrum Tympanosclerosis or scarring of the eardrum Cholesteatoma Eustachian Tube Dysfunction, inflammation or mass ...
Several long-term studies have shown that mastoid cavities in both Cholesteatoma, old radical cavities and Chronic otitis media ... "Mastoid obliteration with S53P4 bioactive glass in cholesteatoma surgery". Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 137 (7): 690-694. doi: ...
In addition, Oghalai treated rare diseases such as cholesteatoma. In a 2000 study, Oghalai and colleagues examined incidence of ... Kuo CL, Lien CF, Shiao AS (2014). "Mastoid obliteration for pediatric suppurative cholesteatoma: long-term safety and sustained ... "Repair of iatrogenic temporal lobe encephalocele after canal wall down mastoidectomy in the presence of active cholesteatoma". ...
Along with the middle ear ossicles, it is usually eroded in middle ear cholesteatomas. Superiorly, this continues as the ... Gaurano, JL; Joharjy, IA (2004). "Middle ear cholesteatoma: characteristic CT findings in 64 patients". Annals of Saudi ...
When keratin becomes trapped deep inside the ear and cannot be cleaned out, it is known as cholesteatoma. Growth of bacteria in ... Surgical removal is required once a cholesteatoma has formed. Maw, AR; Hall AJ; Pothier DD; Gregory SP; Steer CD. (2011). "The ... This can result in erosion of bone and cholesteatoma formation. Asymptomatic deep pars tensa retractions tend to remain stable ... In children, the pars tensa retraction may remain unchanged while the pars flaccida deteriorates to form cholesteatoma. As the ...
The debris collects and enlarges and ultimately forms a cholesteatoma. This cholesteatoma, in turn, can erode the middle ear ... A cholesteatoma forms when there is a deep retraction pocket in the tympanic membrane. The lining of the tympanic membrane, ... From Prussak's space, located in the epitympanum, cholesteatoma patterns of spread are: Posterior epitympanum - through ... anterior malleolar ligament Prussak's space is important because it is a site for pars flaccida acquired cholesteatoma ...
"Expression of human intercellular adhesion molecules in middle ear cholesteatoma". American Journal of Otolaryngology. 15 (4): ...
Uber Hypophysenganggeschwülste und Hirncholesteatome, 1904 - On pituitary swelling and brain cholesteatoma. Rachitis und ...
Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 2008:122:877-880 Endoscopic Management of Limited Attic Cholesteatoma. Laryngoscope, 2004; ... 39-46 Endoscopic Management of Acquired Cholesteatoma,1997 Sep; 18(5):544-9 Comparison of short nozzle and long nozzle spray in ... 114:1157-1162 Endoscopic Management of Cholesteatoma: long-term results, 2000 Jun; 122(6):874-81 Characteristics of sinus- ...
Finally, medical conditions (e.g. cholesteatoma) can result in a labyrinthine fistula. Traumatic events, with excessive ... June 2009). "Surgical treatment of labyrinthine fistula caused by cholesteatoma with semicircular canal occlusion". Acta ...
Sadé, J. (1982), "Treatment of Retraction Pockets and Cholesteatoma" J Laryngol Otol, 82:585-704. Sadé, J., Luntz, M. (1988), " ... His clinical, surgical and scientific main interest centered on hearing, inflammatory ear diseases, cholesteatoma, the facial ... Sadé, J., Avraham, S., Berko, E. (1981), "Atelectasis, Retraction Pockets and Cholesteatoma". Acta Oto-Laryngol, 92:501-512. ...
A chronically discharging ear must be treated as a cholesteatoma until proven otherwise; hence, there must be immediate ... Common culprits are facial neuromas, congenital cholesteatomas, hemangiomas, acoustic neuromas, parotid gland neoplasms, or ... there should be immediate surgical exploration to determine if a cholesteatoma has formed as this must be removed if present. ...
Collapse or retraction of the eardrum can cause conductive hearing loss or cholesteatoma. The tympanic membrane is oriented ... Eustachian tube dysfunction and cholesteatomas. The larger pars tensa consists of three layers: skin, fibrous tissue, and ...
He has been admitted to hospital due to his cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Capri c'est fini (1965) Fais la rire (1969) ...
Cholesteatoma Accumulation of dead cells in the middle ear, caused by repeated middle ear infections. Cochlea Snail-shaped ...
Cholesteatoma is similar in appearance but the whiteness is behind the tympanic membrane, rather than inside.[citation needed] ... Atherosclerosis There is ongoing research as to whether or not cholesteatoma is associated with tympanosclerosis. If there is ...
Endogenous substances such as keratin, fat, and cholesterol crystals (cholesteatoma) can induce mast cell formation. ...
Failures in cholesteatoma surgery are most common in certain areas of the anatomy of the tympanic cavity, such as the facial ... Endoscopic ear surgery utilizes the ear canal as the access point for removal of cholesteatoma and therefore represent a ... Endoscopic only case Surgery for cholesteatoma offers the most advantages for using the endoscope instead of the microscope. ... "Five years experience using the intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma: preliminary report". The ...
This can be done as part of treatment for mastoiditis, chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. In addition, it is ... Canal Plasty and Cortical Mastoidectomy as Part of Intact Canal Wall Technique for Attic Cholesteatoma". Indian Journal of ... the mastoid and middle ear cavities are exteriorized so as not to give the chance for the infection or the cholesteatoma to ...
Cholesteatoma is a (acquired or congenital) benign collection of squamous epithelial cells within the middle ear. Acquired ... cholesteatomas are commonly caused by repeated middle ear infections Otosclerosis is a condition that can cause fixation of the ...
Palaeo-otology of cholesteatoma', International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 16: 1-15 Sutherland, T.L. & Holst, M. 2005. ...
Some mastoiditis is caused by cholesteatoma, which is a sac of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear that usually ... If left untreated, the cholesteatoma can erode into the mastoid process, producing mastoiditis, as well as other complications ...
... which is believed to be the earliest description of cholesteatoma. He realized the importance of the Eustachian tube and its ...
According to Bravo, when Gunvalson was 5-years-old, she was diagnosed with an inner ear tumor called cholesteatoma. She ...
He also studied the pathology of cholesteatoma, serous otitis media, labyrinthitis, congenital deafness and intracranial ...
A recurrent cholesteatoma is a new cholesteatoma that develops when the underlying causes of the initial cholesteatoma are ... ISBN 978-0-912684-11-6. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cholesteatoma. Information on Cholesteatomas Laser Cholesteatoma ... If the cholesteatoma has been dry, the cholesteatoma may present the appearance of wax over the attic. The attic is just ... Cholesteatoma is a persistent disease. Once the diagnosis of cholesteatoma is made in a patient who can tolerate a general ...
A cholesteatoma is a growth behind the eardrum that can damage the bones of the middle ear. Treating it can help prevent ... What Is a Cholesteatoma?. A cholesteatoma (kuh-less-tee-uh-TOE-muh) is a growth behind the eardrum, in the middle part of the ... What Causes a Cholesteatoma?. Most cholesteatomas happen in kids whove had several ear infections. Having a lot of ear ... How Is a Cholesteatoma Treated?. A cholesteatoma is removed with surgery while the child is under general anesthesia. Removing ...
A cholesteatoma consists of squamous epithelium that is trapped within the skull base and that can erode and destroy important ... A large cholesteatoma. No landmarks are visible, which typically is the case with advanced cholesteatomas. View Media Gallery ... Epitympanic (attic) cholesteatoma. This is a typical primary acquired cholesteatoma in its earliest stages. View Media Gallery ... Congenital cholesteatoma. Congenital cholesteatomas arise as a consequence of squamous epithelium trapped within the temporal ...
What is Treatment like for Cholesteatoma?. Surgery is necessary to remove cholesteatoma. If cholesteatoma is not removed, it ... Cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma (pronounced co-les-tee-ah-tow-mah) is a benign growth that must be removed because it damages the ... How is Cholesteatoma Diagnosed?. Cholesteatoma may be challenging to diagnose and may be recognized for many different reasons ... How surgery is done depends upon the size of cholesteatoma and what ear spaces and structures are involved. Cholesteatoma often ...
Cholesteatoma is a skin cyst that can be treated at Stanford Medicine Childrens Health. Learn about its causes, and how its ... Cholesteatoma. What is a Cholesteatoma?. A cholesteatoma is a skin cyst in the middle-ear made up of trapped skin cells and ... What causes Cholesteatoma?. Cholesteatomas can result from injury to the eardrum, chronic middle ear infections and/or chronic ... Cholesteatomas often start as a small skin cyst (Image 1A) in the upper part of the eardrum, but with time can grow into the ...
... chronic otitis and cholesteatoma will be reviewed. Topics to be discussed include the symptoms and signs, audiologic profile ... Chronic Otitis Media and Cholesteatoma Course: #27431Level: Intermediate 1 Hour 782 Reviews ... The information on cholesteatoma was practical and useful clinically. I see many children with Cleft lip and palate and they ... The case studies of different cholesteatomas and the pictures helped a lot. If you are in clinic I believe everyone should see ...
The typical appearance of a cholesteatoma, with osteolysis of the ossicular chain of the middle ear. ... Rasuli B, Cholesteatoma. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 03 Dec 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-84946 ... ":"cholesteatoma-27","modality":"CT","series":[{"id":54036068,"content_type":"image/jpeg","frames":[{"id":54036029,"width":512 ...
Cholesteatoma is a rare condition in dogs that involves the development of a benign tumor in the middle ear. We will examine ... What are the causes of cholesteatoma in dogs?. The exact cause of canine cholesteatoma is unknown. However, it is thought to be ... Cholesteatoma (Ear Cysts) in Dogs: A Closer Look What To Know About Canine Ear Cysts BY Team PetCareRx , June 14 , COMMENTS ... Some typical cholesteatoma in dogs symptoms are:. * Ear discharge: A continuous and foul-smelling discharge from the ear is a ...
Cholesteatoma. This image shows a large cholesteatoma (arrow) that caused a hole (perforation) in the eardrum (tympanic ...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of cathepsin D in the structures of cholesteatoma.Material/Methods: ... Cholesteatomas were collected from 16 patients operated on for chronic inflammation of the middle ear. Specimens were fixed in ... and is thought to play a major role in the destruction of bone tissue by cholesteatoma. ... Cathepsin D places a major role in bone tissue destruction due to cholesteatoma. ...
Cholesteatoma. Chronic ear infection - cholesteatoma; Chronic otitis media - cholesteatoma. Cholesteatoma is a type of skin ... Cholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital). It more commonly occurs as a result of chronic ear infection.. Chronic ear ... Cholesteatomas very often continue to grow if they are not removed. Surgery is most often successful. However, you may need the ... Prompt and thorough treatment of chronic ear infection may help prevent cholesteatoma. ...
Eustachian tube dysfunction causing cholesteatoma. *Retracted eardrums from eustachian tube dysfunction causing negative ... They can become affected by infectious processes or cholesteatomas of the middle ear. A case of Acute Coalescent Mastoiditis is ... Cholesteatoma: Deep pockets can no longer clean themselves of skin and debris. A skin cyst forms which erodes bone and becomes ... cholesteatomas, ear tubes, ear fungus, and leaches. ...
... Bernal Sprekelsen M, Ebmeyer J, Buchbinder A, Sudhoff H ( ... Bernal Sprekelsen M, Ebmeyer J, Buchbinder A, Sudhoff H. Comparative analysis of the proliferative capacity of cholesteatomas. ... Comparative analysis of the proliferative capacity of cholesteatomas. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española, 51(4), p 299-307. ... M. Bernal Sprekelsen, et al., "Comparative analysis of the proliferative capacity of cholesteatomas", Acta ...
What causes cholesteatoma?. A combination of a couple of factors can cause cholesteatoma to occur. The first is an ear ... What are cholesteatoma care options?. For mild problems related to cholesteatoma, an ear cleaning, antibiotics and ear drops ... What is cholesteatoma?. If an unusual growth of skin is present in the middle ear, right behind the eardrum, this is often ... What are the symptoms of cholesteatoma?. Fluid drainage, a foul odor, ear pressure, hearing loss, dizziness, weakness of the ...
Hearing Loss in Cholesteatoma. Khdim M, Douimi L*, Choukry K, Oukessou Y, Rouadi S, Abada R, Roubal M and Mahtar M ... Hearing loss; Hearing loss of transmission; Hearing loss of perception; Mixed hearing loss; Cholesteatoma of the middle ear; ... Conclusion: Hearing loss, which is a common way of Cholesteatoma revelation, should be systematically explored and properly ... Hearing Loss in Cholesteatoma. Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020; 3(8): 1115.. ...
Most often tympanomastoidectomy ear surgery is required for removal of a cholesteatoma. Ear, Nose and Throat Associates ... Cholesteatoma. A cholesteatoma is an abnormal collection of skin behind the eardrum. Often this results from chronic eustachian ... More rarely, cholesteatomas may cause injury to the facial nerve, disrupt the balance system, or lead to meningitis. It is ... Though not a tumor, a cholesteatoma may cause destruction of the normal ear structures, including the eardrum, or the middle ...
Learn more about cholesteatoma here. Ménières disease. This disease causes a buildup of fluid in the inner ear, which can lead ... Cholesteatoma. This noncancerous skin growth develops in the middle ear, usually due to repeated infection. As it grows behind ... Cholesteatoma. (2017).. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10422/cholesteatoma/cases/25312. ...
Disclaimer: Articles appearing in the World Articles in Ear, Nose and Throat (WAENT) may contain statements, opinions, and information that have errors in opinions, facts, figures, conclusions or interpretation. Thus, Cumberland Otolaryngology Consultants, the publishers, the authors, editors and their respective employees are not responsible or liable for the use of any such information contained in the manuscripts, pictures, movies or other content provided or published by the WAENT. If inaccuracies are identified, please submit a letter to the editor and contact the WAENT at http://www.entusa.com/contact_us.htm. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for advice regarding a medical condition or treatment recommendations. ...
... is a special form of chronic otitis media in which keratinizing squamous epithelium grows from the tympanic ... Cholesteatomas may be congenital or acquired later in life. Acquired cholesteatomas are usually associated with chronic middle ... Acquired cholesteatoma (more common) * Primary: eustachian tube dysfunction → tympanic membrane epithelium retracts inwards → ... Excision of the cholesteatoma (by canal wall-up or canal wall-down mastoidectomy) to control the discharge and create a dry ear ...
White soft tissue mass behind tympanic membrane, intraoperative photograph.
... posted: Oct. 15, 2021. Cholesteatoma might sound like a scary illness, and although it is a serious ... What is Cholesteatoma?. Cholesteatoma occurs when a large collection of skin cells occur deep within the ear. This growth of ... Fortunately, cholesteatoma presents as a non-cancerous cyst.. Cholesteatoma can be either genetic, known as congenital ... Treatment for cholesteatoma often involves surgery for severe cases. However, if caught early, it can be treated through a ...
As the cholesteatoma spreads into the middle ear and the mastoid antrum, the following may occur:. *Hearing loss, which is ... The treatment of cholesteatoma often requires surgery to bring the ear back to health. ... dangerous condition that can occur in the middle ear and the mastoid antrum of the temporal bone is called a cholesteatoma.. ...
Would you like to make a donation to the Cholesteatoma Association? Tweets by @CtomaCommunity ...
... behind an intact tympanic membrane.1 Congenital cholesteatoma is thought to arise from an epithelial rest that gets trapped in ... 9 Congenital Cholesteatoma Congenital cholesteatoma is cholesteatoma that occurs in a child, ... Congenital Cholesteatoma. 9 Congenital Cholesteatoma. Congenital cholesteatoma is cholesteatoma that occurs in a child, behind ... Large congenital cholesteatomas are handled in the same way as large acquired cholesteatomas. A canal wall up mastoidectomy is ...
"Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" by people in this website by year, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear". ...
Cholesteatoma frequently appear as a cyst or pouch which sheds layers of old skin that develop inside the ear. - Cholesteatoma ... Cholesteatoma is a skin growth that happens in an anomalous area - the center ear behind the eardrum. It is for the most part ... Cholesteatomas frequently appear as a cyst or pouch which sheds layers of old skin that develop inside the ear. After some time ... As the Cholesteatoma pouch or sac amplifies, it can cause a full inclination or pressing factor in the ear, alongside hearing ...
... Quaranta A;CASSANO, PASQUALE;Carbonara G. 1988-01-01. Abstract. The ... It is concluded that reduction of cholesteatoma recurrence to the greatest degree possible necessitates removal of the canal ... It is concluded that reduction of cholesteatoma recurrence to the greatest degree possible necessitates removal of the canal ... The only definite difference relates to recurring cholesteatoma: canal wall-up operations are complicated by recurrence of ...
... nurses and a full support staff at Tufts Medical Center in Boston treat Cholesteatoma. ...
  • A cholesteatoma (kuh-less-tee-uh-TOE-muh) is a growth behind the eardrum, in the middle part of the ear where tiny bones relay sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cholesteatomas can result from injury to the eardrum, chronic middle ear infections and/or chronic pressure buildup, which weakens the eardrum until a small pocket forms that stores trapped skin and debris. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Some children can be born with a cholesteatoma when an accidental collection of skin is trapped behind the eardrum where no skin is expected to be. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatomas damage the eardrum, and they can also grow. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Evaluation for a cholesteatoma involves an examination of the eardrum by an Ear Nose and Throat specialist (Otolaryngologist). (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • This surgery removes the cholesteatoma from the eardrum and the space behind the eardrum, called the middle ear and mastoid. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • At the time of surgery, anything damaged by the cholesteatoma can be repaired, such as the eardrum or the little hearing bones called the ossicles. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatomas often start as a small skin cyst (Image 1A) in the upper part of the eardrum, but with time can grow into the mastoid, the bony airspace behind the ear canal (Image 1B), as well as lower to involve the hearing bones. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • This image shows a large cholesteatoma (arrow) that caused a hole (perforation) in the eardrum (tympanic membrane). (msdmanuals.com)
  • If an unusual growth of skin is present in the middle ear, right behind the eardrum, this is often known as a cholesteatoma. (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • A cholesteatoma is an abnormal collection of skin behind the eardrum. (earnosethroat-associates.com)
  • Though not a tumor, a cholesteatoma may cause destruction of the normal ear structures, including the eardrum, or the middle ear bones. (earnosethroat-associates.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is a skin growth that happens in an anomalous area - the center ear behind the eardrum. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is an abnormal non-cancerous skin growth or skin cyst that develops behind the eardrum, in the middle section of the year. (factdr.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is a benign growth caused by the build-up of skin cells and protein from the ear canal behind the eardrum that may need to be removed with cholesteatoma surgery. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • If, however, a bit of this skin penetrates the eardrum - which can occur for a number of reasons - the keratin that continues to be given off by the skin becomes trapped in the middle ear and builds-up over time, resulting in a cholesteatoma. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is the accumulation of skin in an abnormal location, typically behind the eardrum. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Other more common conditions (e.g. otitis externa) may also present with these symptoms, but cholesteatoma is much more serious and should not be overlooked. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this webinar, chronic otitis and cholesteatoma will be reviewed. (audiologyonline.com)
  • Very thorough review of anatomy and how it relates to otitis/cholesteatoma. (audiologyonline.com)
  • Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, performed at the ENT Department at August 20, Casablanca University Hospital, involving 100 cases of patients operated for chronic otitis media of cholesteatoma. (remedypublications.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is a special form of chronic otitis media in which keratinizing squamous epithelium grows from the tympanic membrane or the auditory canal into the middle ear mucosa or mastoid. (amboss.com)
  • A cholesteatoma is a cyst that forms in the middle ear, mastoid, or epitympanum after chronic otitis media. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, cholesteatoma inadvertently left by a surgeon usually regrows as an epidermal cyst. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cholesteatoma is a skin cyst in the middle-ear made up of trapped skin cells and debris. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatoma is a type of skin cyst that is located in the middle ear and mastoid bone in the skull. (adam.com)
  • Fortunately, cholesteatoma presents as a non-cancerous cyst. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • They can see the cholesteatoma, which often looks like a cyst made of skin cells or a mass of blood vessels. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • Cholesteatomas frequently appear as a cyst or pouch which sheds layers of old skin that develop inside the ear. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Cholesteatoma often exists in a not much aggressive state for many years undetected until the cyst or sac forms. (healthadvicer.com)
  • The symptoms of cholesteatoma were reported in a case by French Anatomist Du Verney way back in 1683, Several etiological descriptions due to its pearly and tumor-like appearance and greasy in nature due to the liquid formed in the cyst were coined overtime. (healthadvicer.com)
  • Pathological examination showed keratinous debris with macrophages and an outer lining of benign epithelial tissue consistent with a cholesteatoma (epidermoid cyst). (utmb.edu)
  • Cholesteatoma is a cyst which coated by stratified squamous epithelium containing keratin epithelial desquamation. (balimedicaljournal.org)
  • The cholesteatoma, strictly speaking a cyst and not a cancer, nevertheless shows expansive and destructive growth patterns that may give rise to serious symptoms and consequences, including fatality, not unlike those seen for malignant neoplasms. (thieme.com)
  • Most cholesteatomas happen in kids who've had several ear infections . (kidshealth.org)
  • Larger cholesteatomas and those that happen after ear infections are more likely to grow back months or years after surgery. (kidshealth.org)
  • A child with cholesteatoma may have a history of chronic or recurring ear infections with or without infected liquid draining into the ear canal. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatomas can also cause infections in the middle ear that, left untreated, sometimes spread to the brain. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Chronic ear infections: Dogs who have recurring ear infections are more likely to develop cholesteatoma. (petcarerx.com)
  • Allergic reactions: Ear diseases cholesteatoma in dogs is frequently a symptom of a more serious condition, such as allergies or ear infections. (petcarerx.com)
  • In situations where youngsters procure ear infections consistently right off the repeatedly early in life, it is conceivable that cholesteatomas can be caused at any stage of life. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Other than rehashed infections, a cholesteatoma may likewise be brought about by an ineffectively working Eustachian tube, which is the cylinder that leads from the rear of the nose to the center of the ear. (ahrihospital.com)
  • People with recurrent ear infections causing fluid discharge are at risk of developing cholesteatoma. (factdr.com)
  • Although some patients have very mild or no symptoms of cholesteatoma, the most common sign of the condition is frequent ear infections , possibly with a foul-smelling discharge from the ear. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure designed to remove cholesteatoma and infections from within the mastoid bone, which protects the structures of the middle and inner ear. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Complications include progressive damage to the middle ear structures as a result of aural polyps, cholesteatoma, and other infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What are the symptoms of cholesteatoma? (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • Symptoms of cholesteatoma include drainage from the ear, a feeling of fullness, hearing loss, earache and dizziness. (woosterent.com)
  • This abnormal folding or 'retraction' of the tympanic membrane arises in one of the following ways: Jackler's theory: Mucosal coupling with traction generated by interaction of migrating opposing surfaces leading to formation of cholesteatoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wittmaack's theory: Invagination of tympanic membrane from the attic or part of pars tensa in the form of retraction pockets lead to the formation of cholesteatoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Even after 300 years of its identification, there is still no exact pathogenesis for the formation of cholesteatoma. (healthadvicer.com)
  • Squamous epithelium collects in this retraction pocket leading to the formation of cholesteatoma after a few years. (factdr.com)
  • Diagnosing cholesteatomas early can prevent many of the complications they can cause. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cholesteatoma (pronounced co-les-tee-ah-tow-mah) is a benign growth that must be removed because it damages the ear and may cause serious complications. (luriechildrens.org)
  • If cholesteatoma is not removed, it may eventually cause serious complications including meningitis and facial nerve paralysis. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatoma in an advanced stage breaks the ear bones and the infection is severe enough to cause damage to temporal bones on the back of the skull resulting in complications of CNS or the central nervous system. (healthadvicer.com)
  • Preoperative CT scan should be used selectively in high risk of complications, only one hearing ear and in paediatric cholesteatoma. (lml.com.ly)
  • If untreated, a cholesteatoma can eat or cause erosion of the three small bones located in the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes, collectively called ossicles). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesteatoma often involves the bone of hearing (ossicles) in the middle ear, even before there is hearing loss. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Hearing reconstruction may be needed if the surgical removal of the cholesteatoma requires sacrifice of the ossicles (bones of hearing) due to the lesion involving these structures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surgery is necessary to remove cholesteatoma. (luriechildrens.org)
  • The same view (Image 2B) after a mastoidectomy, which removes bone from the mastoid space in order to remove cholesteatoma. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Keratin-filled cysts that grow medial to the tympanic membrane are considered to be congenital if they fulfill the following criteria (Levenson's criteria): mass medial to the tympanic membrane normal tympanic membrane no previous history of ear discharge, perforation or ear surgery Congenital cholesteatomas occur at three important sites: the middle ear, the petrous apex, and the cerebropontinio angle. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cholesteatoma is removed with surgery while the child is under general anesthesia . (kidshealth.org)
  • Kids will need frequent ear exams and hearing tests for years after surgery to make sure the cholesteatoma doesn't happen again. (kidshealth.org)
  • Sometimes cholesteatoma is found during minor surgery to place a pressure equalizer (PE) tube because it becomes visible when the ear is being cleaned and fluid removed. (luriechildrens.org)
  • How surgery is done depends upon the size of cholesteatoma and what ear spaces and structures are involved. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Cholesteatomas are removed with surgery, which is typically done under general anesthesia. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • It is often very difficult to remove all of the skin cells of the cholesteatoma in one surgery, therefore the process requires several procedures separated by months. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Hearing can be restored or aided with amplification after surgery depending on the extent of damage from the cholesteatoma. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Another surgery may be needed if the cholesteatoma comes back. (adam.com)
  • Often surgery is necessary to correct the problems related to cholesteatoma. (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • Therefore, even if a cholesteatoma is asymptomatic, surgery is always indicated. (amboss.com)
  • Treatment for cholesteatoma often involves surgery for severe cases. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • Surgery is perhaps the best way to treat cholesteatomas that won't go away, which is, unfortunately, quite common. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • The treatment of cholesteatoma often requires surgery to bring the ear back to health. (akouson.gr)
  • Cholesteatoma surgery: open vs closed tympanoplasty. (unifg.it)
  • Surgery is most commonly used to treat a cholesteatoma. (woosterent.com)
  • Follow-up surgery to ensure the cholesteatoma is gone and to reconstruct damaged middle ear bones may be necessary. (woosterent.com)
  • Surgery is the only treatment for Cholesteatoma. (specialist-ent.com)
  • For most advanced circumstances, cholesteatoma surgery is required. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Prospective study on 50 patients who underwent surgery for cholesteatoma. (medicinepaper.net)
  • CWD mastoidectomy had no residual or recurrent disease in the 6 month follow-up period, but to note is that 5 of the 6 patients who underwent revision surgery for recurrent cholesteatoma had previous CWD mastoidectomy. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Description The key reference dedicated to surgery for cholesteatoma. (thieme.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is a destructive and expanding growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Until the doctor has cleaned the ear and inspected the entire tympanic membrane, cholesteatoma cannot be diagnosed. (wikipedia.org)
  • If there is less inflammation, the cholesteatoma may present the appearance of 'semolina' discharging from a defect in the tympanic membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contrary to other cholesteatomas, the congenital subtype can be identified behind an intact, normal-appearing tympanic membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Invagination of the tympanic membrane of the attic to form retraction pockets to be filled with desquamated epithelium and keratin to form cholesteatoma. (healthadvicer.com)
  • The most common findings on otomicroscopy were destruction of the posterior and inferior canal walls, with cholesteatoma and intact tympanic membrane (six patients). (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
  • Prompt and thorough treatment of chronic ear infection may help prevent cholesteatoma. (adam.com)
  • Acquired cholesteatomas are usually associated with chronic middle ear infection. (amboss.com)
  • Although cholesteatoma is uncommon, we have otolaryngology physicians at Lurie Children's specializing in its diagnosis and treatment in children of all ages. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Trauma to the ear: Trauma, such as head injuries or foreign object damage, can also raise the risk of developing cholesteatoma. (petcarerx.com)
  • No laboratory tests or biopsies are generally necessary for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma, as the diagnosis relies heavily on clinical history, physical examination, and radiographic findings. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of cholesteatoma is made by an otolaryngologist. (luriechildrens.org)
  • To better educate pet owners about cholesteatoma in dogs and how to manage it, this article will go into further detail on the condition's signs, causes, diagnosis, and available treatments. (petcarerx.com)
  • Biopsy: A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. (petcarerx.com)
  • A cholesteatoma diagnosis typically begins with a medical history and visual inspection with an otoscope. (woosterent.com)
  • The diagnosis of cholesteatoma is primarily made by microscopic examination of the ear during an office visit. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Often, two or more surgeries are required for removal and surveillance to check for recurrence of the cholesteatoma, and to rebuild the hearing, if possible. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • The only definite difference relates to recurring cholesteatoma: canal wall-up operations are complicated by recurrence of cholesteatoma in a not insignificant number of ears and require a planned two-stage procedure in all the cases. (unifg.it)
  • It is concluded that reduction of cholesteatoma recurrence to the greatest degree possible necessitates removal of the canal wall. (unifg.it)
  • The recurrence and bone destruction arerelevant features in cholesteatoma pathophysiology, which makes cholesteatoma tend to be dangerous and difficult to treat. (balimedicaljournal.org)
  • is the ultimate illustrated guide to complete management of the cholesteatoma, including assessment of the full expansion and degree of destruction caused by the growths, and short- and long-term follow-up to assess and treat for recurrence. (thieme.com)
  • Initially treatment with antibiotics or ear drops may appear to help children with cholesteatoma who are thought to have only infection. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Rarely, the first sign of cholesteatoma is weakness or paralysis of muscles that move one side of the face or infection that has spread to the brain. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Canal wall-down operations have the highest probability of success with regard to treating cholesteatoma. (medscape.com)
  • Canal wall cholesteatoma is rare. (luriechildrens.org)
  • The purpose of this report is to compare closed tympanoplasty (canal wall up) and open tympanoplasty (canal wall down) performed in ears with extensive cholesteatoma operated on and followed up during the past 11 years. (unifg.it)
  • Introduction External auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is often misdiagnosed. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
  • Cholesteatoma can dissolve the bone over the facial nerve, which passes by the middle ear bones. (kidshealth.org)
  • A cholesteatoma is defined as a collection of keratinized squamous epithelium trapped within the middle ear space that can erode and destroy vital locoregional structures within the temporal bone. (medscape.com)
  • Left untreated, erosion of the surrounding bone by a cholesteatoma can lead to facial nerve palsy , extradural abscess , and/or sigmoid sinus thrombosis . (amboss.com)
  • A frequent and potentially dangerous condition that can occur in the middle ear and the mastoid antrum of the temporal bone is called a cholesteatoma. (akouson.gr)
  • In rare cases,a cholesteatoma may form in the developmental stage of the fetus.Part of the lining of the ear is trapped as the bone grows. (factdr.com)
  • An audiogram, or hearing test, is important to determine if the hearing has been damaged and a CT scan of the temporal bone (the bone containing the inner part of the ear) is required to determine the extent to which the cholesteatoma has spread. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Recent studies have shown that variations in cellular systems of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production contribute to the pathophysiology of cholesteatoma, especially in of bone erosion. (balimedicaljournal.org)
  • The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between MMP-9 with bone destruction in CSOM with cholesteatoma patients. (balimedicaljournal.org)
  • Ear discharge: A continuous and foul-smelling discharge from the ear is a typical sign of cholesteatoma in dogs. (petcarerx.com)
  • Cholesteatoma occurs when a large collection of skin cells occur deep within the ear. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • Cholesteatoma or 'the skin in the wrong place' occurs in the middle of the ear. (healthadvicer.com)
  • Cholesteatoma occurs more commonly in children with otorrhea as the most common presenting symptom. (medicinepaper.net)
  • At the point when left untreated, a cholesteatoma will become bigger and cause difficulties that range from gentle to serious. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Habermann's theory: The epithelium from the meatus or outer drum surface grows into the middle ear through a pre-existing perforation and form cholesteatoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The epithelium from the outer drum of the ear through a pre-existing perforation moves to the middle ear to form cholesteatoma. (healthadvicer.com)
  • A combination of a couple of factors can cause cholesteatoma to occur. (nicklauschildrens.org)
  • Medical experts have pointed out the factors that cause cholesteatoma which leads to hearing loss if not treated in time. (factdr.com)
  • Anatomical abnormalities: Dogs with anatomical abnormalities, such as narrow ear canals, are more likely to develop cholesteatoma. (petcarerx.com)
  • In such cases, children develop cholesteatoma from a very young age. (factdr.com)
  • There is no single surgical treatment of choice for aural cholesteatoma. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Cholesteatoma can be a birth defect (congenital). (adam.com)
  • In certain cases, cholesteatoma is due to a birth defect. (factdr.com)
  • Histologically, surgically removed cholesteatoma specimens demonstrate typical squamous epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • This retracted pocket is the basis of cholesteatoma which is accumulated with desquamated epithelium and keratin. (healthadvicer.com)
  • The hallmark symptom of cholesteatoma is painless otorrhea, either unremitting or recurrent in nature. (medscape.com)
  • However, there is a risk of persistent and/or recurrent cholesteatomas. (medscape.com)
  • 1.To determine the incidence of residual & recurrent cholesteatoma with various surgical procedures. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Cholesteatoma requires surgical removal. (luriechildrens.org)
  • Conclusion: Hearing loss, which is a common way of Cholesteatoma revelation, should be systematically explored and properly treated by using different surgical techniques and prostheses when needed. (remedypublications.com)
  • Surgical treatment involves tympanomastoidectomy to excise the cholesteatoma, followed by repair of the damaged middle ear structures. (amboss.com)
  • Methods: The clinical charts of 92 patients who underwent surgical procedures for cholesteatoma complicated by labyrinthine fistula between 1979 and 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. (uniroma1.it)
  • As cholesteatomas can recur, close post-surgical follow-up is very important. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • Hence it was important to determine the surgical outcomes of cholesteatoma in a country where the prevalence of the disease still remains high. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Eradication of cholesteatoma has always been the priority, but with advance in the surgical techniques hearing improvement and quality of life issues need to be addressed. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Methods: Prospective study correlates the CT and surgical findings in 112 patients operated on for cholesteatoma between April 1994 and December 2003. (lml.com.ly)
  • More rarely, cholesteatomas may cause injury to the facial nerve, disrupt the balance system, or lead to meningitis. (earnosethroat-associates.com)
  • Cholesteatoma affects hearing, balance and the working of facial muscles. (factdr.com)
  • abstract = "Cholesteatomas (central nervous system epidermoids) can be found intradurally or extradurally in the central nervous system. (utmb.edu)
  • Balance symptoms in the presence of a cholesteatoma raise the possibility that the cholesteatoma is eroding the balance organs in the inner ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • The typical appearance of a cholesteatoma, with osteolysis of the ossicular chain of the middle ear. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Due to severe cholesteatoma, the ossicular chain may be destructed. (healthadvicer.com)
  • Immunohistochemical investigations on cathepsin D activity in structures of cholesteatoma. (medscimonit.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is a rare condition in dogs that involves the development of a benign tumor in the middle ear. (petcarerx.com)
  • This growth of skin is where cholesteatoma gets its name, toma being the word for swelling or tumor. (centuryearnosethroat.com)
  • Cholesteatomas occur in two basic classifications: Acquired cholesteatomas, which are more common, are usually caused by pathological alteration of the ear drum leading to accumulation of keratin within the middle ear. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because cholesteatoma can result in permanent hearing loss and other serious sequelae such as intracranial abscess, physicians should be on the lookout for this complication, particularly when otorrhea does not stop despite culture-directed antimicrobial treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Often, a CT scan, which uses a series of X-rays, is needed to further see the extent of the cholesteatoma. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • An ENT specialist will determine the size and extent of the cholesteatoma. (woosterent.com)
  • A CT scan is usually needed to determine the full extent of the cholesteatoma, and an audiogram is typically required to determine the cyst's impact on hearing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A child with a cholesteatoma usually has fluid draining from the ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • No landmarks are visible, which typically is the case with advanced cholesteatomas. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital cholesteatomas are usually middle ear epidermal cysts that are identified deep within an intact ear drum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesteatoma may also arise as a result of metaplasia of the middle ear mucosa or implantation following trauma. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a cholesteatoma grows, it can damage the bones of the middle ear. (kidshealth.org)
  • Cholesteatoma is skin that grows inside the ear including the middle ear (behind the ear drum), and mastoid (a space behind and connected to the middle ear). (luriechildrens.org)
  • Imaging tests: To gain a closer look into the middle ear and confirm the presence of ear diseases cholesteatoma, X-rays or CT scans may be indicated. (petcarerx.com)
  • Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
  • A cholesteatoma is a mass of skin cells in the middle ear. (woosterent.com)
  • Congenital cholesteatoma form in the middle ear or in other areas of the ear. (factdr.com)
  • Cholesteatoma is the presence of squamous epithelial pocket or sac, filled with keratin debris within the middle ear cleft. (specialist-ent.com)
  • It's best to limit the damage by removing a cholesteatoma and reconstructing the middle ear for hearing preservation, if possible. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Foul odor: Foul Bad odor arising from the ear is another typical sign of canine cholesteatoma. (petcarerx.com)
  • If a patient presents to a doctor with ear discharge and hearing loss, the doctor should consider cholesteatoma until the disease is definitely excluded. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hearing loss is sometimes the reason cholesteatoma is found. (luriechildrens.org)
  • For example, a child fails a hearing screening at school which results in further evaluations leading to concern about cholesteatoma. (luriechildrens.org)
  • As the Cholesteatoma pouch or sac amplifies, it can cause a full inclination or pressing factor in the ear, alongside hearing loss. (ahrihospital.com)
  • Children with undiagnosed cholesteatoma are at risk of hearing loss by early adulthood. (factdr.com)
  • If the cholesteatoma is small and hearing loss remains at acceptable levels, then microscopic cleaning may be performed during an office visit to clean the keratin out of the ear. (neilsperlingmd.com)
  • They are most often found deep to the anterior aspect of the ear drum, and a vestigial structure, the epidermoid formation, from which congenital cholesteatoma may originate, has been identified in this area. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients experiencing cholesteatoma observe the following symptoms, which are mild initially, but increase as the cysts becomes large. (factdr.com)
  • In this period, 1,205 patients were operated on for cholesteatoma. (uniroma1.it)
  • This study was conducted by using cross-sectional design to the 40 samples of cholesteatomas patients at Otorhinolaryngology Department of Adam Malik General Hospital in May 2016. (balimedicaljournal.org)
  • Cholesteatomas are not cancerous as the name may suggest, but can cause significant problems because of their erosive and expansile properties. (wikipedia.org)