Chromosome Inversion

Chromosomes

Chromosome Mapping

Phylogeny

Evolution, Molecular

Encyclopedias as Topic

Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Biological Evolution

Mental Recall

Algorithms

Ancestral reconstruction

Chromosomal inversion

Mark Kirkpatrick

Phylogenetic reconciliation

Drosophila pseudoobscura

Structural variation in the human genome

Koolen-De Vries syndrome

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

Chromosomal polymorphism

Benign familial neonatal seizures

Fraser syndrome

Oligoryzomys nigripes

Sabino horse

Chromosome engineering

Acute basophilic leukemia

CBFB

Dicentric chromosome

Equine coat color genetics

Dominant white

Alternative mating strategy

Rabicano

Eukaryote hybrid genome

Michelin tire baby syndrome

AI-10-49

Emerin

Roan (horse)

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

TMEM200A

Biopsychiatry controversy

Erythranthe

Genomic7

• To investigate whether the genomic architecture might have facilitated the inversion, comparative sequence analysis was used to identify an approximately 5-kb inverted repeat in the breakpoint regions. (anthropogeny.org)
• Cytogenomic SNP microarray testing is used to identify genomic imbalances (deletions and duplications) and may be used to further characterize abnormalities identified by chromosome analysis, including unbalanced translocations, recombinant chromosomes, markers, and ring chromosomes. (arupconsult.com)
• Genomic microarray can detect chromosomal imbalances at a much higher level of resolution than standard chromosome analysis. (arupconsult.com)
• Comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a powerful diagnostic tool for detecting DNA copy number gains and losses associated with chromosome abnormalities. (enzolifesciences.com)
• In Australian zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), two polymorphic inversions are known cytogenetically and we set out to detect these two and potentially additional inversions using genomic tools and study their effects on embryo mortality and other fitness-related and morphological traits. (biomedcentral.com)
• Such inversions often block recombination, creating isolated genomic regions that are passed down as a whole set. (harvard.edu)
• It was exciting to find this example of an inversion linked to two adaptive traits in a classic mammalian system, highlighting how-in addition to considering SNPs [single nucleotide polymorphisms]-it's important to account for structural genomic changes and their role in adaptation," says Harringmeyer. (harvard.edu)

Translocations2

• They include non-colinear changes like inversions, translocations and duplications in addition to insertions and deletions of longer segments. (biomedcentral.com)
• Most large genomes contain thousands of large structural variants (SVs), repetitive regions composed of identical or similar stretches of sequences, mobile elements such as transposons, large insertions, deletions, translocations, and inversions up to millions of bases, with even partial or entire chromosomes altered. (mdanderson.org)

Deletions3

• Deletions of chromosome 7 are often detected in myelodysplastic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
• In heterokaryotypic individuals (those that are heterozygous for an inversion) recombination within the inverted region is largely suppressed, either because homologous pairing is partially inhibited or because crossovers give rise to unbalanced gametes (carrying deletions or duplications) which will lead to the death of the zygote [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
• Hemophilia is an inherited disorder that results from mutations, deletions, or inversions affecting the factor VIII or factor IX gene. (msdmanuals.com)

Human chromosome4

• Pericentric inversion in human chromosome 1 and the risk for male sterility. (bmj.com)
• Breakpoint analysis of the pericentric inversion distinguishing human chromosome 4 from the homologous chromosome in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). (anthropogeny.org)
• The breakpoints of the inversion that distinguishes human chromosome 4 (HSA4) from its chimpanzee counterpart were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative sequence analysis. (anthropogeny.org)
• A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. (umassmed.edu)

Drosophila8

• Under ordinary conditions there is so little crossing over in the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster that the usual method of constructing a map is not practicable. (caltech.edu)
• Genetic studies showed several years ago that the third chromosomes of wild strains of Drosophila pseudoobscura often carry suppressors of crossing-over. (caltech.edu)
• In a series of papers, Serebrovsky (1930), Dubinin (1929), Agol (1930) and their colleagues have described an extremely interesting group of bristle-reducing mutant genes lying at the scute locus of the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. (caltech.edu)
• In September, 1913, a wild female Drosophila of a stock from Liverpool, Nova Scotia, was crossed to a male bearing the second chromosome mutant characters vestigial and speck. (caltech.edu)
• Furthermore, Theodosius Dobzhansky and Alfred Sturtevant articulated the principles of ancestral reconstruction in a phylogenetic context in 1938, when inferring the evolutionary history of chromosomal inversions in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (wikipedia.org)
• Data -- Individual inversions or their combinations: which is the main selective target in a natural population of Drosophila subobscura? (datadryad.org)
• On the other hand, pericentric inversions often lead to decreased fertility in females [ 6 , 7 ], which may also explain the preponderance of polymorphic paracentric over pericentric inversions in species like Drosophila spp. (biomedcentral.com)
• We started the evolution experiment to investigate intralocus sexual conflict on the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster . (lu.se)

Balanced translocation1

• Others, such as inversions and balanced translocation, do not change the DNA dosage. (mdanderson.org)

Genome6

• This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
• The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
• Detection of pericentric inversion with breakpoint in DMD by whole genome sequencing. (nih.gov)
• Twenty years ago genetic studies were based not on disease but on chromosomes, because it was so hard to study a whole genome. (nih.gov)
• My research covers a variety of questions, all related to sex-specific selection, the evolution of recombination suppression between sex chromosomes, genome structural evolution, and evolutionary demography of partially selfing populations. (lu.se)
• The outbreak strain genome comprises 3 chromosomes and a plasmid, sharing an average nucleotide identity of 98.4% with B. stabilis ATCC27515 BAA-67, but with 13% novel coding sequences. (cdc.gov)

Duplications2

• We show that crucial pieces of alignment information, associated with inversions and duplications, are not visible in the structure of all graphs. (biomedcentral.com)
• A single crossover within a pericentric inversion leads to the formation of two chromatids with duplications and deficiencies and two normal chromatids, whereas in paracentric inversions an acentric fragment and a dicentric chromatid along with two normal chromatids are formed [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Homologous chromosomes6

• Belling(1) suggested that the chromosome rings found in Oenothera by Cleland(2) and others are to be explained as resulting from exchanges of ends between non-homologous chromosomes, so that one chromosome of a given complex is homologous at one end to one chromosome of a second complex, and at the other end to a different chromosome of the second complex. (caltech.edu)
• Chromosome analysis, or karyotype, refers to the ordered pairing of homologous chromosomes. (wakehealth.edu)
• However, little information is available on the evolutionary role of combinations generated by inversions located in homologous and non-homologous chromosomes. (datadryad.org)
• For this objective, we have studied the inversion composition of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes from a D. subobscura sample collected in a well-studied population, Mount Avala (Serbia). (datadryad.org)
• Thus, it seems that for each pair of homologous chromosomes inversions no deviation from randomness was detected. (datadryad.org)
• Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S . marmoratus complex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. (scielo.br)

Karyotype3

• Finally, no linkage disequilibrium was observed between inversions located in different chromosomes of the karyotype. (datadryad.org)
• If you look at the karyotype, the chromosome map, you will see they are all different sizes. (nih.gov)
• Among the analyzed specimens, a large degree of cytogenetic variation related to diploid numbers and karyotype structure was observed, with karyotypes showing 2n=42, 44 and 46 chromosomes. (scielo.br)

Pericentric inversions2

• Karyotypic differences between humans and chimpanzees include nine pericentric inversions, which may have potentiated the parapatric speciation of hominids and chimpanzees 5-6 million years ago. (anthropogeny.org)
• In particular, a distinction between those inversions which cover both chromosome arms and thus include the centromere (pericentric inversions) and those which are restricted to a single chromosome arm (paracentric inversions) has often been made [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Evolutionary5

• The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes suggest a mechanism for 'inheritance' turnover of sex-determining genes that is mediated by translocation of a sex-determining enhancer. (nature.com)
• On the basis of these findings, we propose an evolutionary model for the long-term preservation of homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
• Fig. 6: Evolutionary model for homomorphy maintenance and heteromorphy transition of sex chromosome. (nature.com)
• Inversion polymorphisms constitute an evolutionary puzzle: they should increase embryo mortality in heterokaryotypic individuals but still they are widespread in some taxa. (biomedcentral.com)
• Finally, the integration of both molecular cytogenetic and phylogenetic approaches allowed the determination of specific chromosomes possibly involved in rearrangements and a better understanding about the evolutionary processes involved in the differentiation of Synbranchus genus. (scielo.br)

Normal X chromosome2

• We were able to enforce matrilineal inheritance by using an X chromosome balancer (FM), which has multiple inversions so it cannot recombine with the selected X but should still function as a normal X chromosome. (lu.se)
• However, it became clear almost from the start of the evolution experiment that the FM did not function completely like a normal X chromosome, due in part to the phenotypic markers it carries. (lu.se)

Region of chromosome2

• Most people with Koolen-de Vries syndrome caused by a deletion have had at least one parent with a common variant of the 17q21.31 region of chromosome 17 called the H2 lineage. (medlineplus.gov)
• Data from the second generation lab crosses revealed that a single large region of chromosome 15 was strongly associated with both coat color and tail length, and vanishingly little recombination was occurring across this region of the chromosome. (harvard.edu)

Meiosis1

• It seems probable that the scheme outlined in this paper will apply for the case of inversions that do not include the locus of the spindle attachment and for other chromosome aberrations in which crossing-over gives rise to chromatids with two spindle attachments, and where the conditions of meiosis are such that (a) the meiotic spindles are oriented so that the reduced nuclei lie approximately on a single straight line, and (b) only one of the terminal nuclei functions in further development. (caltech.edu)

Gene9

• 2) If the normal X's of such hyperploids carry the recessive gene for yellow, the flies are wild-type in appearance because of the presence of +y in the duplicating chromosome. (caltech.edu)
• Most affected individuals are missing a small amount of genetic material, including the KANSL1 gene, from one copy of chromosome 17 . (medlineplus.gov)
• A small number of individuals with Koolen-de Vries syndrome do not have a chromosome 17 microdeletion but instead have a mutation within the KANSL1 gene that causes one copy of the gene to be nonfunctional. (medlineplus.gov)
• The pleiotropic constraint of regulation of reversible sex-biased genes is widely present in ancient homomorphic sex chromosomes and might be resolved in heteromorphic sex chromosomes through gene duplication followed by subfunctionalization. (nature.com)
• Viruses could tinker with gene structure, in many settings, exerting largely the same effects in males and females at the same time and at the same point on the chromosome, and do so to large numbers at once, and produce a large cluster of organisms that can breed with each other but not with the parent stock. (behavior.net)
• Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. (genome.gov)
• Role of the tau gene region chromosome inversion in progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and related disorders. (umassmed.edu)
• And we found that the inversion generates a fusion gene between the core binding factor beta gene, or CBFB , and MYH11 , the gene encoding smooth muscle myosin. (nih.gov)
• Inversions are intrachromosomal structural mutations which result in the reversal of gene order (and no change in the genic content of a chromosome) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Recombination2

• The highly skewed distribution of recombination events towards the chromosome ends in zebra finches and other estrildid species may function to minimize crossovers in the inverted regions. (biomedcentral.com)
• The absence of genetic recombination often indicates the presence of a structural rearrangement, such as an inversion, the researchers explain. (harvard.edu)

Adaptation and speciation1

• It is generally accepted that chromosomal inversions have been key elements in adaptation and speciation processes. (datadryad.org)

Populations4

• The salivary gland chromosome technique has made it possible to demonstrate not only that these are inverted sections, but also that there are many different inversions present in wild populations inhabiting different geographical regions. (caltech.edu)
• In this species, many analyses from natural populations have demonstrated the adaptive potential of individual inversions (and their overlapped combinations, the so called arrangements). (datadryad.org)
• Using additional data from 5229 birds and 9764 eggs from wild and three captive zebra finch populations, we show that only the largest inversions increase embryo mortality in heterokaryotypic males, with surprisingly small effect sizes. (biomedcentral.com)
• This particular chromosomal inversion explains how sets of complementary genes that help deer mice adapt to forest settings are passed down from generation-to-generation, despite interbreeding between populations from nearby environments. (harvard.edu)

Abnormalities5

• The study of chromosomes and their abnormalities is known as cytogenetics. (wakehealth.edu)
• Chromosome abnormalities constitute a major category of medical genetic disorders. (wakehealth.edu)
• To identify chromosome abnormalities detectable by routine cytogenetic analysis. (wakehealth.edu)
• To identify chromosome abnormalities that can be detected by routine cytogenetic analysis. (wakehealth.edu)
• Chromosome analysis has limited ability to detect copy number abnormalities less than 10-15 Mb in size. (arupconsult.com)

Abnormality2

• We report a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome whose marrow cells carried an inversion of 7q22 and q36 as a sole karyotypic abnormality. (biomedcentral.com)
• Aneuploidy is an abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication. (genome.gov)

Breakpoints3

• The study of breakpoints that occurred during primate evolution promises to yield valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying chromosome rearrangements in both evolution and pathology. (anthropogeny.org)
• Detailed analysis of the respective chromosomal breakpoints is a prerequisite for any assessment of the genetic consequences of these inversions. (anthropogeny.org)
• An extremely complex form of SVs called chromothripsis, in which dozens to hundreds of breakpoints on one or more chromosomes are involved, was originally reported in different types of cancers as well as in germlines genomes causing developmental and neuronal disorders. (mdanderson.org)

Genes6

• A recent paper in this journal by Detlefsen(1) is introduced as follows: "There is a well intrenched concept of recent genetics that hereditary factors or genes may be given fairly definite loci on chromosome maps and that these maps correspond to or represent, roughly perhaps, the actual conditions in the chromosome. (caltech.edu)
• Morgan considered these two genes as lying in a "second chromosome," the first chromosome being the sex chromosome. (caltech.edu)
• We predict here that, the genes responsible for the normal heart development could be present on chromosome 9 around p11-q13 region, which might have been defective during the process of inversion and thereby resulted in CHD. (uni-mysore.ac.in)
• The long-term undifferentiation of molluscan sex chromosomes is potentially sustained by the unexpected intertwined regulation of reversible sex-biased genes, together with the lack of sexual dimorphism and occasional sex chromosome turnover. (nature.com)
• Genes Chromosomes Cancer. (umassmed.edu)
• Because these genes are located on the X chromosome, hemophilia affects males almost exclusively. (msdmanuals.com)

Paracentric1

• or maize ( Zea mays )] paracentric inversions often do not cause reduced fertility in females because the dicentric chromatid is preferentially passed into the second polar body [ 6 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Species8

• The dearth of full loops at prophase in this patient, and in other pericentric inversion cases studied both in man and other species, raises the question of whether recombinant offspring might be rarer than anticipated on a theoretical basis owing to asynapsis or early heterologous synapsis across inverted segments. (bmj.com)
• Five of these lie in the X-chromosome, and a study of their linkage relations was shown to indicate that the sequence of the five loci concerned is the same in both species, and that the percentages of crossing over in comparable regions, while not indentical, is still not very different. (caltech.edu)
• Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
• Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
• In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
• Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
• There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
• Although hybrids of these two species inherit three chromosomes from each parent, the majority of spores (the yeast equivalent of sperm) that these hybrids produce fail to develop into new yeast cells. (elifesciences.org)

MeSH1

• Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

Mutation2

• That meant the "citrate-plus" trait must have been something special - either it was a single mutation of an unusually improbable sort, a rare chromosome inversion, say, or else gaining the ability to use citrate required the accumulation of several mutations in sequence. (newscientist.com)
• A major mutation common in leukemia is called chromosome 16 inversion. (nih.gov)

HETEROZYGOTE2

• The looping of one chromosome in an inversion heterozygote creates a quite advanced structure, but it can be depicted in simplified form as in Figure 7. (ehd.org)
• We test for a heterozygote advantage on other fitness components but find no evidence for heterosis for any of the inversions. (biomedcentral.com)

Hybrids3

• Chromosomes and hybrids. (carnivorousplants.org)
• The fate of plant hybrids in nature depends very much on the compatibility of the chromosomes of the parents, which parent is the seed parent, and the exact circumstances of the event. (carnivorousplants.org)
• The more different the chromosomes of the hybrids are the more likely hybridization will result in a speciation event. (carnivorousplants.org)

Heredity1

• It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)

Polymorphisms3

• We study these questions, e.g., in the context of climate adaptation and life-history clines across latitudinal gradients, chromosomal inversion polymorphisms maintained by spatially varying selection and other forms of balancing selection, and the evolution of aging and trade-offs associated with longevity and other fitness traits. (unifr.ch)
• These studies have led us to explore the role of natural variation in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway and of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms in affecting fitness components. (unifr.ch)
• In birds, a detailed analysis is missing although intraspecific inversion polymorphisms are regarded as common. (biomedcentral.com)

Phylogenetic1

• Here, we profile eight genomes of the bivalve mollusc family of Pectinidae in a phylogenetic context and show 350 million years sex-chromosome homomorphy, which is the oldest known sex-chromosome homomorphy in the animal kingdom, far exceeding the ages of well-known heteromorphic sex chromosomes such as 130-200 million years in mammals, birds and flies. (nature.com)

Constitute1

• Molluscs constitute the second largest, Precambrian-originated animal phylum and have ancient, uncharacterized homomorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)

Divergence1

• Fig. 5: Divergence of sex chromosome and rSBG duplication across animal groups. (nature.com)

Regions1

• The use of long molecules allows repetitive regions and other regions that are complicated to map, to be spanned more easily than with short molecules, leading to the creation of maps that may cover the hole arm of a chromosome (3). (mdanderson.org)

Heterozygous1

• Crossing over is reduced in the No 1 bivalent with only a rare chiasma being seen in the inverted region at metaphase I. Males heterozygous for a pericentric inversion in chromosome 1 appear to be at severe risk for infertility brought about by spermatogenic disturbance. (bmj.com)

Rearrangements1

• RUNX1 itself is the target of several chromosome rearrangements seen in leukemia. (nih.gov)

Pair3

• This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
• Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
• Mules are infertile because they inherit 32 chromosomes from their horse parent, but only 31 chromosomes from their donkey parent-and so have an odd chromosome that they cannot pair-off when they make sperm or egg cells. (elifesciences.org)

Segments1

• It has been shown above that crossovers between X chromosome segments inverted with respect to one another influence the orientation of the meiotic tetrads in such a way as to eliminate the single crossover chromatids, leaving a normal non-crossover one in the reduced egg nucleus. (caltech.edu)

Males1

• Before fertilization, the cytoplasm of the eggs deposited by race B females is so influenced by the chromosomes present in it, that an interaction between this cytoplasm and the autosomes of race A (introduced by the spermatozoon) results in the development of small testes in males arising from such eggs. (caltech.edu)

Meiotic2

• Daish, T. & Grützner, F. Evolution and meiotic organization of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
• At least three distinct meiotic drive alleles, one on each S. kambucha chromosome, independently contribute to hybrid infertility by causing nonrandom spore death. (elifesciences.org)

Structural1

• Long-read DNA sequencing revealed that the structural anomaly was, in fact, a chromosomal inversion. (harvard.edu)

Genetic material1

• However, genetic material can be lost or duplicated when the inversion is passed to the next generation. (medlineplus.gov)

Linkage1

• 2. New linkage maps of all the chromosomes are presented. (caltech.edu)

Yeast1

• We were building YAC [yeast artificial chromosome] libraries, cosmid libraries. (nih.gov)

Variation2

• The full extent of phase variation mediated by DNA-inversions in C. difficile is currently unknown. (nih.gov)
• Overall, our results support the idea that C. difficile has adopted phase variation mediated by DNA inversions as its major generator of diversity which could be beneficial during the pathogenesis process. (nih.gov)

Autosomes2

• To do so, we swapped the sex chromosomes and autosomes between the selection regime and the wildtype control, and between the FM balancer control and the wildtype control. (lu.se)
• The aim of this experiment was to disentangle the effects of the evolved autosomes and the evolved X chromosome, for example if changes on the autosomes tended to cancel out changes on the evolved X. We have already measured a few key phenotypic traits and are now specifically interested in detecting changes in expression data using RNAseq. (lu.se)

Large2

• We wish to call attention to the fact that in his last paper Castle ignores our proof of the linear order that is furnished by building up the whole chromosome (or even large sections of it) by "distances" so short that no double cross-over classes appear. (caltech.edu)
• Researchers from the Hoekstra Lab, led by then MCO graduate student and current BU postdoc Emily Hager and Biophysics graduate student Olivia Harringmeyer , found evidence of a large chromosomal inversion in deer mice. (harvard.edu)

Partial1

• Pachytene analysis in microspread preparations shows an absence of full loop formation in the inversion bivalent and only the rare occurrence of a partial loop. (bmj.com)

Locus1

• Tightly linked flanking microsatellite markers for the Usher Syndrome Type I locus on the quick arm of chromosome 11. (ehd.org)

Hybridization1

• You could use that material to build chromosome-specific libraries or chromosome-specific probes and use that for fluorescence in situ hybridization. (nih.gov)

Aneuploidy1

• In humans, aneuploidy would be any number of chromosomes other than the usual 46. (genome.gov)